Upload
mandy-kasperski
View
221
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
8/4/2019 Foundations Project
1/20
Dorothea Orem
Written By:
Brittany Abernathy
Brittany AbramsMandy Kasperski
Samantha Duda
8/4/2019 Foundations Project
2/20
Biography
Born in 1914 in Baltimore, Maryland
One of Americas foremost nursing theorists
Father was in construction Mother was a homemaker
Youngest of two daughters
8/4/2019 Foundations Project
3/20
Education
Diploma in 1930 from Providence Hospital
School of Nursing in Washington, D.C.
BSN (1939) and MSN (1945) from the Catholic
University of America in Washington, D.C.
Doctor of Science from Georgetown University
(1976)
Doctor of Science from Incarnate Word
College in San Antonio, Texas (1980)
8/4/2019 Foundations Project
4/20
Education contd
Doctor of Humane Letters from Illinois
Wesleyan University in Bloomington, Illinois
(1988)
Doctor Honoris Causae from University of
Missouri-Columbia (1998)
8/4/2019 Foundations Project
5/20
Accomplishments
6th edition ofNursing: Concepts of Practice
Catholic University of America Alumni
Achievement Award for Nursing Theory
Consultant in the Office of Education, U.S.
Department of Health, Education, and Welfare
8/4/2019 Foundations Project
6/20
Orems Definition
Since Orems definition of nursing focus was
similar to Virginia Hendersons definition,
many people believe that she developed her
thoughts from Henderson.
Orem clearly stated that her own notions
evolved from her unique experiences and
observations, and were not derived fromHendersons work.
8/4/2019 Foundations Project
7/20
Orems Definition
Orem does state that there were things thatimpacted her ideas about nursing: practice rolesof staff nurses in medical-surgical and pediatricnursing and assistant director of nursing in a
general hospital. Orem credits herself for her ability to reflect and
search for meaning in nursing both to theseexperiences in nursing and the study of formal
logic and metaphysics, and the ability to see thewhole in nursing situations as important to herconceptualization of the theory.
8/4/2019 Foundations Project
8/20
Theories
Orem described her work as a general theory
of nursing with three interrelated theories
1. Theory of Self-Care
2. Theory of Self-Care Deficit
3. Theory of Nursing systems
She described her theory as a Grand Theorybut it can be seen as a Middle-range theory
8/4/2019 Foundations Project
9/20
Where Was Her Theory Developed?
The original ideas developed while serving asa nurse consultant with Indiana State Board ofHealth (1949-1957)
Traveling around the state, she became awareof the ability of nurses to do nursing, but theirinability to talk about nursing
She further developed her ideas while servingas a consultant in the Office of Education, USDepartment of Health, Education, and Welfare
8/4/2019 Foundations Project
10/20
Where Was Her Theory Developed?
She worked to improve vocational nursingcurriculum, but discovered that she must firstdefine nursing before she could improve parts of
nursing. Orem asked the question: What condition exists
when judgments are made that people neednursing?
The inabilities of people to care for themselvesat times when they need assistance because oftheir state of personal health.
8/4/2019 Foundations Project
11/20
Orems Definition of Self-Care
Self-care comprises those activities
performed independently by an individual to
promote and maintain personal well being
throughout life.
8/4/2019 Foundations Project
12/20
Theory Self-Care
All individuals have the potential ability and
motivation necessary to provide care for
themselves and dependents.
However, having the ability or potential does
not mean that all will seek knowledge or take
action.
8/4/2019 Foundations Project
13/20
Theory of Self-Care
Self care is performed by mature and maturing
individuals
If self care is delivered and performed
deliberately in response to need, it assumes thatthe individual has had time for interaction and
communication to learn about the necessary
action. Infants and children cant meet the requirements
necessary for life because they are not developed
8/4/2019 Foundations Project
14/20
Theory of Self-Care
Orem describes three components of self care
1. Universal self care needs
2. Developmental self care needs3. Health deviation
8/4/2019 Foundations Project
15/20
Universal Self-Care Needs
Activities essential to health
Air
Water
FoodElimination
Activity and Rest
Solitude and social interactions
Prevention of harm
Promotion of normality
8/4/2019 Foundations Project
16/20
Developmental Self-Care Needs
Interventions and teachings that are designed
to return a person to or sustain a level of
optimal health and wellness.
Toilet training a child
Exercising
Healthy diet
8/4/2019 Foundations Project
17/20
Health Deviation
The variations in self-care resulting from
Disability
Injury
Illness
Responses to injury, illness, and disability are
individualized
8/4/2019 Foundations Project
18/20
Key Contributions to the Nursing Role
The self-care aspect of Orems theory applies
to the assessment and evaluation of the
nursing process that is practiced today.
Orem emphasized the importance of how
ones own self-care is important for
maintaining life, health, development, and
well being.
8/4/2019 Foundations Project
19/20
Using Orems Theory in Nursing
In undergraduate nursing curricula the nursing
care plan is one example of how her theory of
self-care can be applied to nursing process.
An example is individualizing care plans for
each and every patient.
8/4/2019 Foundations Project
20/20
References
Chitty, K.K., & Black, B.P. (2011). Professional
nursing concepts & challenges. Maryland
Heights, MO: Saunders Elsevier.
Hartweg, D.L. (1991). Dorothea orem: self-care
deficit theory.
Nurses.info. (2010, May 20). Retrieved from
http://www.nurses.info/nursing_theory_perso
n_orem_dorothea.htm.