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FOREWORD

2011 was a significant year for DCSA. Mention must be made of the brilliant results achieved, the change of directors – on a rotation basis principle DCSA director is now a Major General of the Guardia di Finanza - and much more important it celebrated its 30th anniversary. During this long period full of success its structure has been improved in order to keep it effective and up- to- date.

It was thus decided, also in order to limit spending, to completely change the setting of the Annual Report which is now available only in electronic version.

It will thus be possible to consult the report using a light and customer- friendly instrument, equipped with an innovative software drawing the attention of readers to a specific topic without losing sight of the whole text.

The pen drive also contains the English and Spanish versions and photographs of the main operations coordinated by DCSA.

The Report, which contains data useful to statistics, also analyzes the counter-narcotics activities carried out by the law enforcement agencies in 2011 and the trends of the phenomenon: production areas, main transit directions and impact at national level.

Also the contents layout has changed. The report is no longer focused on each single narcotic substance but on the analysis of the phenomenon

as a whole, both at geopolitical level and in terms of transnational crime.

It comes out that organized crime is able to manage transit routes, transoceanic routes included. The drugs reach the main intermediate landing ports and are smuggled through the borders of all continents taking advantage of possible gaps in the international network of control.

The loose rings of this chain often correspond to areas where economic and social reasons foster corruption. European countries and EU bodies are urged to make additional efforts in the field of international and police cooperation encouraging training and providing support - technical equipment and human resources – to local law enforcement authorities.

The big criminal organizations have long been operating at international level with managerial skills: they entrust local crime groups with minor though vital activities and at the same time they are able to provide for the financial coverage of the high risks connected to drug deliveries. For this reason, law enforcement authorities are asked to give a high level response that is not always feasible in nations with limited economic resources.

International police cooperation at strategic and operational levels is thus essential. DCSA provides its expertise and support to C.A.R.I.C.C.

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(Central Asian Regional Information and Coordination Centre) in Almaty (Kazakhstan), to MAOC-N (Maritime Analysis Operations Centre – Narcotics), a centre for naval and air interdiction with its headquarters in Lisbon, which controls cocaine trafficking through the Atlantic, as well as to the Dublin Group.

On behalf of the Department of Public Security DCSA participated in all fora aimed at creating the best conditions for international police cooperation to harmonize the counternarcotics activity, being convinced that a mere national approach cannot be effective.

At domestic level, DCSA strongly supported the coordination of the investigations carried out by local offices all over the country. In this connection in 2011, 782 overlaps (more offices or units investigating into the same subjects) were identified and DCSA coordination allowed to optimize human and financial resources. Mention must be made of the support provided to national and international controlled deliveries (47 in 2011), the overall amount of substances seized (more than 39 tons) and of the persons reported to the judicial authorities for drug-related trafficking and pushing (37,000).

According to the law enforcement authorities drug deaths amounted to three-hundred and sixty-two persons (- 3.21% in 2010), a downward trend if compared to previous years.

The present report is meant to be an instrument of statistical analysis and information used by the Direzione Centrale per i Servizi Antidroga to raise the awareness of the relevant authorities and experts about the flood of any type of drugs which yearly reach our coasts and borders. Italy is used as a destination and transit country to fuel the rich domestic and European markets.

Notwithstanding the daily commitment of all law enforcement authorities and the effective counteraction carried out, the drug plague continues to be one of the most dangerous threats. All means are thus necessary to fight against it, both at national, European and international levels. A balanced approach is needed to harmonize preventive and repressive measures so to raise awareness among young people on the one hand and hit the supply chain on the other.

The DirectorAndrea De Gennaro

DCSA -

ANNUALE

2011

FIRST PARTNATIONAL COUNTER-NARCOTICS ACTIVITIES

SECOND PARTD.C.S.A. ACTIVITIES IN ITALY IN 2011

CONTENTS

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FIRST PART

Organized cr imeNational counter-narcotics act iv it ies

DRUG TRAFFICKING SITUATION AND TRENDS IN ITALY

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organized crime- i n t r o d u c t i o n - i t a l i a n o r g a n i z e d c r i m e

- f o r e i g n o r g a n i z e d c r i m e

- f o r e i g n n a t i o n a l s r e p o r t e d t o t h e j u d i c i a l

a u t h o r i t y - r e g i o n a l d i s t r i b u t i o n

- f o r e i g n n a t i o n a l s r e p o r t e d t o t h e j u d i c i a l

a u t h o r i t y - p r o v i n c i a l d i s t r i b u t i o n

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introductionorganized crime is a global phenomenon having both an international and a

transnational feature. Indeed organized crime groups enter into an alliance with crime

groups in different countries so to manage their business in an efficient, cost-effective

and safe way.

This is particularly true for drug trafficking, the major activity of organized crime.

Nowadays, the drug market has become wider, more composite and complex, thanks

to the proliferation of illicit psychotropic substances (there are 65 new synthetic drugs

which have emerged in the last two years)1, the creation of new markets and routes,

as well as to the multitude of individuals and organizations involved from different

countries. These criminal syndicates are ready to enter into agreements to gain huge

and rapid profits.

More than other illicit activities, drug trafficking develops, multiplies and reinforces

the criminal groups involved, contributing to foster and widen the relations

between them. These relations allow them to overcome national boundaries

and set up transborder criminal networks responsible for drug production,

processing, trafficking and brokerage. Syndicates do not follow pre-

defined modus operandi and patterns, entering into occasional cooperation

agreements which are flexible, dynamical, unusual and unexpected, thus

dangerous and insidious.

Moreover poly-drug trafficking has recently become a common

phenomenon strengthening agreements and integration between the

different organizations so to better meet the ever-changing and variegated

drug demand.

Drug trafficking, core business of criminal networks, cannot be understood

and thus duly coped with without a careful and constant analysis of

organized crime and vice versa. It is thus indispensable to adequately

analyze its features, dynamics, strategies, potentialities and evolutionary

1 Europol source, O.C.T.A. 2011

organized crime

Seizure of 375 kg of haShiSh - genova

trends. Indeed the drug market is almost completely managed by well-structured,

often mafia-type organizations capable of controlling each ring of the chain and of the

relevant drug profits laundering.

italian organized crimeThe world scenario is reflected in the national situation which emerges from the

information and data gathered, stored and processed by the Direzione Centrale

per i Servizi Antidroga as well from the investigations carried out by Italian law

enforcement agencies and coordinated by DCSA, also at the international level. Drug

trafficking is mostly managed by qualified and specialized crime groups entering into

operational agreements and looking for alliances.

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Mention must be made of traditional mafia-type organizations (Cosa Nostra,

‘Ndrangheta, Camorra and Puglia-based organized crime) which thanks to widespread

and deep-rooted links outside regional and national boundaries as well as to a thorough

and in-depth control of their land of origin are capable of managing international

trafficking of huge proportions and local markets.

Such organizations take also advantage from the particular position of Italy (in

the middle of the Mediterranean, land and sea final part of the well-known “Balkan

route”, proximity to the coasts of North Africa, important drug storage and production

area) and by its geographical structure with thousands of kilometers of coasts. As a

result Italy is not only a market of destination and consumption but also one of the

main gateway to Europe and thus a crucial and strategic pivot, a logistic hub for all

international, licit and illicit trafficking routes.

Seizure of 201 kg of haShiSh - reggio emilia

The investigation outcomes highlight that Italian mafia-type organizations – which

are already competitive and have consolidated historical relations at international

level - need to come into alliances, also occasionally, with foreign criminal groups so

to better meet the particular needs of illicit trafficking and laundering of relevant drug

proceeds.

In figures, in 2011 in Italy 23,103 operations were carried out (+ 4.19% in comparison

to the previous year) leading to the seizure of 39,359.57 kg of narcotic drugs and

psychotropic substances (+ 25.94% in comparison to 2010), and to the seizure of

1,008,228 cannabis plants (+ 1,290%) .

In particular, there was an increase in the seizures of marijuana (10,907.883 kg; +

98.15%), cocaine (6,346.30 kg; + 65.12%) and the so-called “other drugs” (997.892

kg; + 42.92%).

The term “other drugs” comprises different types of drugs belonging

to different categories: hallucinogenic, stimulants, tranquillizers,

anaesthetics, painkillers, appetite suppressants, opiates, etc. In

particular, there were many and significant seizures of “khat”, a

natural drug with amphetamine-type effects, mainly consumed by

ethnic-based groups. The plant of khat traditionally grows in the

Arabic peninsula and in Eastern Africa.

Moreover, mention must be made of the seizures of ketamine, an

anaesthetic used as drug for its powerful psychedelic effects, but

also of opium and morphine, as well as of plants, poppy bulbs and

capsules, methadone, nandrolone, psychotropic drugs of different

types and others.

Synthetic drugs seizures must be analyzed from another perspective.

In 2011 16,573 doses (mainly as tablets) for a total of 39 kilos

were seized (- 77.88%). Although its quantity may seem limited in

comparison with the tons seized for other substances, this is not true:

in fact, a few milligrams of active principle are enough to make a

single dose.

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Among synthetic drugs mention must be made of methamphetamine hydrochloride,

one of the purest forms of methamphetamine, also known as “shaboo”, a word used

in the Philippines. Filipinos have almost completely monopolized this drug; last year

68 of them were reported in Italy.

Hashish seizures (20,257.564 kg) peaked and remained stable (+0.22%) in comparison

with 2010. Also the port of Genoa ranked first as to hashish seizures (1,886.65 kg in

2011, 12,836.02 kg in the five-year time 2007-2011)

Heroin seizures decreased (810.928 kg) by 14.09%. This downward trend started in

2007 along with the decrease in heroin retail price both of “white” 2 (from 78 Euros

per gram in 2007 to 60 Euros in 2011) and of “brown” 3 heroin (from 52.50 Euros in

2007 to 41 Euros in 2011).

The overall seizure of 39,359.57 kg in Italy goes along with the drug seizure of

5,707.88 kg carried out in 2011 abroad by foreign law enforcement agencies thanks

to the information and coordination provided by the Direzione Centrale per i Servizi

Antidroga, as a result of investigations with international connections carried out

by Italian law enforcement agencies. Precisely: 1,500 kg of cocaine, 1,577.70 kg of

hashish and 2,600 kg of marijuana. In comparison with 2010 (50.71kg) there was an

increase of 11,156%.

In 2011 the number of persons reported to the Judicial Authority in Italy for

drug-related crimes (36,796) was still high.

However it must be taken into account that drug trafficking organizations are more

concerned about losing their drug consignments (i.e. money) rather than having

their members reported or arrested. The great majority of these members are not

associates and are only used for the services they can offer, remaining independent

from the organization itself thus creating no serious problem in case of arrest.

In order to fully understand the overall drug scenario the counternarcotics activity

must be analyzed from different perspectives taking into account all components and

data.

The overall analysis which is useful to review the operational models must take into

2 Theso-calledwhiteheroinisthepurestone,mainlycomingfromtheso-called“Goldentri-angle”,i.e.Myanmar(formerBurma),LaosandThailand

3 Theso-calledbrownheroinistheleastpure,mainlycomingfromAfghanistanandPakistan

account all metadata referring to the above-mentioned sectors (operations, seizures

and persons reported) as well as their comparison and interpolation with other data,

information and evaluations.

The increase in the operations (+4.19%) and seizures (+25.94%) is much more

important as far as cocaine and marijuana are concerned, which ranked first in terms

of tons seized.

As far as cocaine is concerned (the most lucrative of drug trafficking) there was an

increase of 65.12% in the amount seized, but a slight decrease (- 2.48% from 7,129

to 6,952 kg) in the number of the operations. However a more careful and detailed

analysis revealed that investigations into criminal organizations trafficking in “white

power” increased.

The investigations leading to the seizure of an amount of cocaine ≥ 10 kg (the

threshold marking the involvement of a criminal organization) increased by 13.33%.

Such yearly fluctuation rose to 33.34% for seizures ≥20 kg, 75% for seizures ≥50 kg,

166.67% for seizures ≥80 kg and 250% for seizures ≥100 kg. It must be highlighted

that there was a gradual increase in the investigations into criminal organizations

trafficking in huge amounts of cocaine.

As a result, the number of seizures involving such organizations increased, cocaine

seizures ≥10 kg increased by 118.34%, cocaine seizures ≥20 kg by 136.47%, cocaine

seizures ≥50 kg by 173.84% and those ≥80 kg by 201.14%.

Taking into account only the seizures carried out at borders the investigative outcome

is even more meaningful. Indeed these areas are under the control of major crime

groups capable of managing the most risky phase of the process, that is drug transit

at borders, which are already subject to any kind of control. The yearly increase in

cocaine seizures in the border areas was of 109.98% (4,495.28 kg seized) while in the

rest of Italy seizures rose to 8.71% (1,851.02 kg seized). Also in this case the excellent

result achieved is linked to the increase in the operations. Specifically, operations

leading to the seizure ≥10 kg of cocaine increased by 25% up to +250% for seizures

≥100 kg.

In percentage the increase in seizures at customs areas is even higher if we consider

that some of the seizures carried out in Italy are the outcome of so-called “controlled

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deliveries”. Such operations are steadily increasing and concerns amounts of drugs

(from a few grams inside envelopes sent via mail up to larger amounts) which in

most cases were already detected and controlled by investigating authorities when

crossing the border but their seizure is postponed for the time necessary to gather

evidence or identify and arrest the persons responsible for crimes under articles 73

(production, trafficking and illicit detention of drugs and psychotropic substances)

and 74 (association to the ends of the illicit trafficking in drugs and psychotropic

substances) of the Drug Consolidating Act.

The overall picture shows that in 2011 Italian law enforcement agencies further

increased their attention to the most qualified, specialized and dangerous cocaine

trafficking organizations, seizing 6,346.30 kg of this substance, the highest amount

over the last ten years.

The seizures carried out at borders reveal that cocaine, which is traditionally the most

seized drug at airports (822.51kg in 2011 above all at Milano Malpensa and Roma

Fiumicino – with an increase of 7.68% in comparison with the previous year) also

ranked first in the seizures carried out at the Italian ports (3,626.54 kg).

Besides the famous port of Gioia Tauro (RC) with 684.72 kg seized (2,344.76 kg in the

last three years) mention must be made of the ports of Genoa (405.47 kg) and above

all of Livorno (1,015.77 kg), La Spezia (974 kg) and Alghero (503.10 kg). Over the last

five years, in the above-mentioned three ports there have been only negligible or no

seizures at all.

It comes out that main crime groups (in particular ‘Ndrangheta and Camorra) started

to directly import into Italy huge quantities of cocaine, without passing through or

storing the drug in the Iberian peninsula or the Netherlands, the traditional gateway

to Europe of South-American cocaine. As to the sea-route such an approach is proven

by the cocaine seizures carried out in the Italian ports - 610.72 kg in 2008, 1,358.86

kg in 2009, 1,331.44 kg in 2010, 3,626.54 kg in 2011 .

The above-mentioned considerations concerning cocaine, that is a global analysis

going beyond variations in percentages, are also valid for marijuana. In 2011

marijuana seizures doubled (+98.15%), going from 5,504.96 kg to 10,907.88 kg, and

the operations increased by 35.65%.

In details, if we take into account the same weight ranges as cocaine seizures, the

operations leading to marijuana seizures recorded an increase (≥10 kg = + 55.56%;

≥20 kg = + 73.17%; ≥50 kg = +131.58%; ≥80 kg = +177.78%; ≥100 kg = +200%) .

There was an overall increase in the number of the operations carried out in Italy

(+34.68%) and in the number of seizures (+77.45) but operations at borders increased

by 50.56% and seizures in the customs area by 213.18%.

As a result, special emphasis should be given both to the fight “downhill” (i.e. against

street pushing) and “uphill” (.i.e. against well qualified and structured crime groups

managing high volumes of drug trafficking).

Moreover the counteracting strategy is fundamental for other two important reasons:

- because seizures at borders hinder the scattering of drug and its invasion of

national and foreign markets;

- because the economic loss of drug crime is proportionally far higher since:

- drug retail price is higher

- the drug is “cut” (i.e mixed up with other substances)

- before arriving in the hands of end users, drug is managed by many criminals who

make a profit on it.

Criminal organizations do not want to lose money, this is the worst form of damage

they may suffer. It is thus fundamental to hit their illicitly gained assets.

It is extremely complicated to precisely estimate drug trafficking turnover due to

the myriads of indicators and variables to be considered. However it is possible to

estimate the lack of income of crime, particularly organized crime, on the basis of the

total of the drug seizures and the relevant average prices on the wholesale market.

In 2011 in Italy the balance was the following:

- cocaine - economic loss: 250 million Euros, average wholesale price : 39,000

Euros per kilo, amount seized: 6,346.30 kg;

- heroin - average wholesale price: €22,400 for Afghan “brown” heroin and €34,500

for “white” heroin. If we consider that our country mainly consumes Afghan heroin

and that 810 kg were seized, the economic loss of organized syndicates was of 20

million Euros;

- hashish - economic loss: 45 million Euros, average wholesale price: €2,200 per kilo,

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amount seized: 20,257.57 kg;

- Marijuana - economic loss: around 15 million Euros, wholesale price: €1,360,

amount seized: 10,907.88 kg seized

- Cannabis plants: 1,008,228 plants seized. Estimates carried out at European level

reveal that each plant may yield 100 g of marijuana. The consequent loss for crime

reportedly amounted to 137 million Euros. However, considering that the quality

and dimension of the cannabis plant cultivated in Italy (in particular in Southern

Italy where almost all the seizures of these plants took place) are far higher than

those in the rest of Western Europe, the profit was even higher.

The overall value on the market of the drug substances seized by law enforcement

agencies in 2011 was around 467 million Euros (the sum does not include synthetic

drugs since they are difficult to be estimated due to their variety). Supply costs at

producing countries, transportation and intermediation costs must be deducted from

this sum.

Moreover, it should be considered that the total sum would have been higher if the

drug had been sold on the wholesale markets where prices are far higher and where

some substances, above all cocaine and heroin, reach the consumer after several

“cuts”.

Based on the analysis of the wholesale and retail prices trend, we could reasonably

think that drugs, notwithstanding the constant decrease in their retail value,

represent a “shelter asset” for organized crime, that feels confident of investing in

large consumer goods.

This probably happened to cocaine and heroin in 2006-2009. In fact, observing

the trend of their prices, we can notice a misalignment between wholesale prices

(that suddenly increased4) and retail prices (that have constantly decreased5). This

situation is anomalous, since based on the market laws, prices should have kept pace

4 From 2006 to 2009 wholesale prices, referring to 1 gram of drug, increased as follows. Cocaine: from € 41,500 to €43,200; brown heroin: from € 22,900 to € 24,200; white heroin: from € 37,700 to € 39,200.

5 From 2006 to 2009 wholesale prices, referring to 1 gram of drug decreased as follows: Co-caine: from € 86.50 to € 70; brown heroin: from €54.50 to € 41; white heroin: from € 82 to € 60.

and influenced each other.

This gap could depend on a deliberate investment operation performed by a determined

and limited number of large criminal organizations that did not want to cause a rise

in the retail prices.

After this general overview of the national situation, we would like to take into

consideration the data at regional level (seizures, reported persons, operations). In

this case the quantities of drugs seized and the reports to the Judicial Authority

show variations, sometimes very significant, between the different regions. This is

influenced by the extent of the territory, the population density, the existence of

borders, ports and airports, especially those with international routes, but also by the

presence of qualified international organizations.

The number of the members of criminal organizations under Art. 74(“Conspiracy to

traffic in narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances”), Presidential Order No. 309/

1990, proves the presence and entrenchment of Mafia-like organizations in their

regions of origin. In fact in Sicilia, Puglia, Campania and Calabria altogether, also

in 2011 almost the half of the persons reported for this offence was registered

(46.19%, while in 2010, 47.02% was recorded), equally distributed among them (in

Seizure of 200 kg of haShiSh - BreScia

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s Sicilia 12.02%, in Puglia 11.60%, in Campania 11.40% and Calabria 11.17%). As a

result, most operations targeting such organizations (35% in 2011) were made in such

regions. Mention must be made of the data recorded in Lombardia as to Art. 74 (it

ranked first with 565 persons reported) and in Lazio that ranked 6th with 322 persons

reported. The traditional Italian Mafia organizations have been present and powerful

in these regions for a long time.

Drug investigations carried out by the law enforcement authorities into the major local

mafia-like criminal networks (‘ndrangheta, cosa nostra, camorra and Puglia-

based organized crime) and coordinated by D.C.S.A., up to 31.12.2011, recorded

an increase of 5.29% with respect to the previous year.

In general, the four Southern regions recorded 28% (in 2010, 27%) of the total of

persons reported to the Judicial Authorities for drug-related crimes (and 30% of the

arrested persons), as a result of 6,166 antidrug operations, with a rise of 4% (in

particular, in Puglia +16.73% and Calabria +8.72%).

In details, while Campania is still at the height as to the number of persons reported

to the Judicial Authority (in particular, the number of subjects arrested subjects) and

to the antidrug operations performed, from an analytical point of view, particular

mention must be made of Sicilia. In fact, this region has recorded the highest increase

both in the number of persons reported to the Judicial Authority (3,056, that is

+7.61% in contrast to the decrease of 5.84% recorded at national level) and in the

specific number of persons reported (+7.05%), under Art. 73 (“Manufacturing of and

illicit trafficking in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances”). Only this region has

shown an increase in the number of persons reported in accordance with Art. 74

for “conspiracy to traffic in narcotic drugs” (369, that is +11.82%), ranking 2nd after

Lombardia.

However, data concerning mafia-like criminal networks involvement in drug trafficking

activities cannot be considered comprehensive: for example, Cosa Nostra does

not seem to be directly involved in illicit trafficking activities. This Sicilian crime

group often delegates other Italian or foreign gangs for the activities of trafficking,

cultivation or distribution. In this way, Cosa Nostra gets double benefit:

- avoiding the severe punishments envisaged by the Italian Drug Legislation ;

- getting high profit through its control over the territory and the payment of a sort

of “pizzo” (protection money) on these illicit activities.

The Sicilian Mafia (Cosa Nostra) has strengthened its role in the vast drug trafficking

field, both revitalizing traditional contacts and channels used in the past to rule the

heroin smuggling bound for North America, and making new alliances so to obtain

new international markets and exploit logistical-operational support, like in South

America, Spain and Northern Europe.

The renewed interest of the Mafia clans in a more active participation in the drug

trafficking activities is due to several external and internal factors: first of all, the

delicate strategic internal balance of alliances and powers has recently tottered

because of the numerous raids and “excellent” arrests made by the counter-narcotics

authorities in the last few years.

The renewed interest of the Mafia clans in a more active participation in the drug

trafficking activities is due to several external and internal factors: first of all, the

delicate strategic internal balance of alliances and powers has recently tottered

because of the numerous raids and “excellent” arrests made by the counter-narcotics

authorities in the last few years.

To this regard, we cannot forget that the fugitive Matteo MESSINA DENARO, the

undisputed boss of the Sicilian Cosa Nostra, has been directly involved in international

cocaine trafficking for a long time.

Moreover, the Mafia families need to get new income since the traditional sectors

under mafia power, such as extortions and illicit contracts, have become risky due

to the incisive and effective action of the State and to the rebellion by civil society.

The need to find new sources of income, led to the expansion of cannabis plants

cultivation, which was once insignificant in our country and just limited to personal

use.

To this regard, in summer 2007 in an internal area located near San Giuseppe Jato

and Corleone (Sicilia) in the framework of a complex anti-mafia investigation, the

largest illicit cannabis plantation ever seen in Europe was discovered and seized (over

1 million and a half plants, three meters tall, on an area of 4,500 square meters) for

an estimated street value of several million Euros.

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According to drug seizures, Calabria ranks “only” 9th among the regions, and 12th for

the number of persons reported to the Judicial Authority; however, if we only consider

cocaine as substance seized, this region ranks third with a total quantity of 1,099.40

kg seized (the year before, calabria was at the first place with a total of 1,204.25 kg

seized, representing 31.33% of the whole cocaine seized in Italy).

The ‘ndrangheta is one of the kingpins in the world cocaine trafficking; in 2008,

the US Government included this criminal network in the Foreign Narcotics Kingpins

Designation Act List, identifying the major foreign narcotics organizations. In the

last twenty years, Italy has become a strategic hub for cocaine trafficking in Europe

and the second consumption market after North America. The ‘Ndrangheta has

established close contacts with all drug traffickers groups of Central and South

America, as proved by several investigations such as Operation “Solare” in 2008. The

investigation revealed that the clans located in the area of Reggio Calabria and along

the Ionian coast, formed strict alliances in order to finance huge imports of cocaine

and, through connections in USA, made agreements with the Mexican traffickers of

the “ Gulf Cartel” for the cocaine supply to Europe. This cocaine crossed Calabria

and in 2011, Operation “Crimine 3”, carried out in cooperation with the D.E.A. and

F.B.I. , along with the police authorities of Colombia, Spain, Holland, highlighted the

collaboration of the ‘Ndrangheta with a Colombian-Venezuelan drug trafficking Cartel

as well as the involvement of a mafia family of Cosa Nostra.

The international traffickers have preferably relations with the Calabrian clans because

of their structure, based on strong family ties, makes them less vulnerable to possible

cooperation with the Judicial authorities and, for this reason, much more reliable.

Moreover, the ‘Ndrangheta has exploited the licit trade activities of the Gioia

Tauro seaport (Reggio Calabria), that is a very important transshipment hub for

the containerized goods coming from all over the world and mainly destined for the

markets of the Mediterranean area and Europe, transforming it in the main entry point

for South-American cocaine (since 2002, 3,759.85 kg of cocaine have been seized

there, of which 2,344.76 kg in the last three years).

This port could become a strategic point also for the goods coming from emerging

economies such as South-East Asia, India and China, bound for the West consumption

markets and also for the maritime trafficking in heroin originating in those areas

(port of Karachi for Afghan heroin and port of Singapore for Myanmar one). Even the

synthetic drugs and precursors smuggling could pass through this strategic Calabrian

port: these substances, used to process drugs, are produced in China, India and

South-East Asia.

According to specific commercial analyses, the container vessels coming from Asia

and destined for the Western Countries would find convenient, both in terms of time

and costs, to unload their goods in Gioia Tauro and from this port, through the

railway and highway networks, onto the ports of the Northern European Countries

(Rotterdam, Hamburg, Antwerp), to be reloaded on container vessels bound for the

Port of New York, that is the hub of North America and Mexico.

The risk is that, in this way, the ‘Ndrangheta clans could also strengthens its

potentialities and brutality in the sectors of heroin, synthetic drugs and precursors

trafficking.

As to heroin and its routes, Puglia organized crime stands out and confirms its top

position - although a decrease of 39.54% in 2011 was recorded - for the quantity of

heroin seized. Puglia ranks third on the national list (in 2010 it ranked 2nd), followed

by Campania that confirmed its 4th place notwithstanding a strong drop (-24.13%).

Moreover, Puglia ranks first for the quantity of marijuana seized (38.79% of the

national total quantity): in fact, 1,468.37 kg of this substance were seized at the Bari

seaport, and other 629.90 kg in Brindisi.

Thus, Puglia confirms to be a major crossroads for the drug supply or transit (above

all heroin, in transit from the “Balkan Route”, and marijuana , especially that produced

in Albania and having a very high active principle).

As a consequence, the Puglia-based organized crime is a sort of “service-providing

organization” for ‘Ndrangheta, Camorra and Cosa Nostra, acting as broker, in particular

with the Balkan ethnic groups, or simply supplying services and logistics which are

often rewarded with a profit sharing.

This feature also depends on the fact that the Puglia-based organized crime is

characterized by a frequent use of violence, a strong dynamism, resulting from a

lack of a stiff and stable hierarchical structure; these criminal rings have a fluid and

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versatile nature and their members are ready to establish illicit connections of every

kind, even occasional or provisional relations, with both Italian and foreign criminal

organizations, looking for mere profit without any interest in permanent alliances.

Money and business are the cement of these criminal organizations.

Investigations have revealed that these groups frequently use the method of the so-

called “puntate” (shares) in order to lower the costs of drug supply; it consists in a

sort of “capital sharing” with the participation of more clans belonging to the same

criminal organization or even of other criminal networks.

The numerous investigative cross matches identified during the investigations

conducted by the counter-narcotics authorities have proved the use of this method.

The statistical and operational analysis shows that the Italian drug scenario reflects

the wider global context, revealing a “criminal agreement” system with frequent,

numerous and functional connections both at national and international level. These

close ties are present among the traditional Mafia syndicates but also between these

latter and other Italian or foreign criminal networks, dealing with drug production or

being mere representatives or intermediaries.

Foreign organized crimeIn 2011, the number of foreign nationals reported to the Judicial Authority for drug-

related crimes (12,648) increased (+4.80%), in line with a constant upward trend

(+55% since 2003, when they were 8,189).

This trend has caused a quite relevant increase of the percentage incidence of foreign

nationals on the total number of persons reported to the Judicial Authority: from

30.87% in 2010 to 34.38% in 2011, showing the highest percentage ever recorded (in

1984 it was 5.42%).

In details, the foreign nationals represent 34.85% of the total number of subjects

reported under Art. 73 and 29.51% of those reported for criminal conspiracy to drug

trafficking.

The foreign organized crime, especially in the drug trafficking field, is a particularly

relevant phenomenon in Italy for a long time: these foreign criminal networks have

widespread and well-established branches all over the country. They have constantly

increased their number and their organizational structures, assuming multi-faceted

characteristics and strengthening their operational potentialities.

The first twelve ethnic groups for number of subjects reported to the Judicial Authority

are the same as in 2010: Moroccans, Tunisians, Albanians and Nigerians ranking in the

first four positions.

All the above-mentioned twelve nationalities have recorded an increase in the total

number of subjects reported to the Judicial Authority, except for the Albanians,

showing a drop of 19.96%.

Here below, the first three nationalities will be described (the Moroccans, Tunisians

and Albanians) since they represent

58.09% of the total number of foreign

nationals reported to the Judicial

Authority. As to the Dominican

Republic nationals, there was a

significant percentage rise (95.74%) ,

passing from the eleventh to the fifth

place in the list.

the moroccans ranked first in the

number of foreign nationals reported

to the Judicial Authority (3,289 equal

to 26% of the total ).

The Moroccan crime groups have the

control over the hashish trafficking

which follows the route crossing the

Strait of Gibraltar and then through

Spain and France. In 2011, 7,629

kg of hashish were seized, with an

increase of 43.94% with respect to

the previous year.

This nationality is mainly settled in

the North of Italy, in particular in

Foreigners reported to J.A. (2011)

2011 % Variation2010

type of offence

Illicit trafficking (art.73) 11,741 8.76

Conspiracy toillicit trafficking (art.74) 906 -28.89

Other offences 1 -

age

Of age 12,433 4.66

Minors 215 13.16

sex

Male 11,941 4.71

Female 707 6.32

age groups

< 15 13 -7.14

15 ÷ 19 735 1.24

20 ÷ 24 2,761 -1.64

25 ÷ 29 3,353 2.41

30 ÷ 34 2,643 15.77

35 ÷ 39 1,496 6.70

> 40 1,647 5.37

total 12,648 4.80

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Lombardia, where the Moroccan community is well-rooted in the social-economic

fabric and where 2,885 foreign nationals were reported to the Judicial Authority. Out

of them, 1,036 were Moroccans that is equal to 35.90%. They are also particularly

active in Toscana, with an incidence of 33%, Emilia Romagna 27% and in Veneto 24%.

In 2011, the tunisian crime groups showed an increase in the number of persons

reported to the Judicial Authority (+46%) ; they passed from the third to the second

place in the list of foreign nationals (2,365, equal to 18.69%). A remarkable increase

(+182.76%) in the number of persons reported to the Judicial Authority for criminal

conspiracy to drug trafficking was noticed.

This ethnic group is particularly involved in hashish trafficking: in 2011, 309.95 kg

were seized (+275.12% with respect to 2010). This fact particularly highlights the

organizational skills of these groups, which are able to make alliances with other

criminal networks and, at the same time, fight against rival groups.

As far as the presence of Tunisians in our country is concerned, Emilia Romagna (580

subjects reported to the Judicial Authority equal to 32.86% of the foreign nationals)

and Veneto (388 subjects, equal to 31.64%) are the regions showing the highest

number of involvement.

As to the albanians, 1,692 (equal to 13.37% of the total number of foreign nationals)

were reported to the Judicial Authority for drug-related offences, with a decrease of

20% with respect to 2010. The Albanians ranked first as to the number of subjects

reported to the Judicial Authority for criminal conspiracy to drug trafficking . The

Albanian criminal gangs are highly flexible and able to establish joint ventures

with other crime rings active along the Balkan route, in particular with the Turkish,

Bulgarians and Romanians.

The sphere of activity of the Albanian crime groups is above all in the North of Italy,

in particular in Lombardia, Toscana and Emilia Romagna, but also in Marche (+80.65%

of subjects reported) and Puglia (+37.50%).

Recent information have revealed that the Balkan route – which is still a strategic

channel for both heroin and acetic anhydride trafficking - is also used for the traffic

in cocaine. The countries located along this route, in particular Bulgaria and Romania,

respectively with the port of Constanta and Varna on the Black Sea, and Ukraine

with Odessa Port, have become a tangle of interests and of illicit poly-drug and

precursor trafficking. These ports are in fact also involved in South American cocaine

flow destined for the European markets. The Eastern criminal organizations, mainly

Albanian, Turkish, Bulgarian, Romanian and Russian gangs, have renewed their

traditional agreements, dealing both with cocaine and heroin trafficking, using the

logistics of the Balkan European countries.

In 2011, 368 dominicans were reported to the Judicial Authority (+95.74%), and

124.48 kg of cocaine were seized from them, an increase of 57.16% with respect to

the previous year.

A higher involvement of these crime groups in cocaine trafficking was also noticed at

European level.

These foreign nationals are generally used as human couriers or cocaine pushers;

however, in 2011 data concerning the Dominicans reported for criminal conspiracy to

drug trafficking showed a significant increase of +586.67%.

Hispaniola (containing the two states of the Dominican Republic and Haiti), in the

Archipelago of the Greater Antilles in the Caribbean sea, is one of the cocaine routes

connecting South America with North America and Europe. Along the coasts of this

island, the Dominicans take part in the transshipment operations of drug consignments

in transit to other countries.

The investigative activities have identified several Dominican crime groups operating

in Italy, above all in Sicilia, Lombardia, Liguria and Marche, having branches in South

America (Colombia, Venezuela, Dominican Republic, Argentina, Brazil, Dutch Antilles)

and in Europe (Switzerland, Holland and Spain).

These groups are often linked to major criminal organizations but, at the same time,

they have an horizontal and not hierarchical structure. In other words, each group,

even though belonging to a specific criminal network, is quite autonomous and is not

stiffly and hierarchically dependent on major criminal organizations. These clans are

based on family ties: this is their real strength, allowing a higher flexibility and an

interchangeability of roles within the group.

Many different foreign criminal organizations share drug profits within our country,

mainly in areas where Mafia has a minor influence.

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s In fact, out of 12,648 foreign nationals reported to the Judicial Authority for drug-

related offences more than a half (54.33% with respect to 54.29% in 2010) were

concentrated in four Northern regions: Lombardia (1st position with 2,885), Emilia

Romagna (2nd position with 1,765), Veneto (4th position with 1,226) and Piemonte (5th

position with 996). Here the most involved foreign nationals were the Moroccans,

Albanians, Tunisians and Nigerians.

Particular mention must be made of Lazio (3rd position, with 1,409) with a national

incidence of 11.14%. As to Umbria, 445 foreign nationals were reported and if you

compare this value with the number of inhabitants, this region ranks first in the list

(in 2010, Umbria ranked 5th for the total number of Italian and foreign nationals being

affiliated to drug trafficking organizations). Marche, after Sicilia, has reported the

highest increase in the number of foreign nationals reported to the Judicial Authority

(+40.61%, Art. 73 and +91.11% , Art. 74). The rise recorded in these two regions

concerns above all the Dominicans.

On the contrary, Calabria, Campania, Puglia and Sicilia recorded, as in the previous

years, 6-7% of the total number of foreign nationals reported for violation of the

Drug Legislation, although in Puglia a rise of 22.49% was noticed and in Sicilia, with

383 foreign nationals reported (124 were from the Dominican Republic) there was an

increase of 94.42%.

However, the scenario described for the four above-mentioned Southern

regions, needs a specific explanation as far as the two main drug-related offences

are concerned.

In fact, the percentage of foreign nationals reported under art. 73 is 5.89% ( it is

stable with respect to 2010 when it was 5.78%, although there was an increase of

30.93% in Puglia and 58.56% in Sicilia), while the value regarding foreign nationals

reported under art. 74 is 29.70%. This last percentage has doubled (it was 14.13%

in 2010) thanks to a growth of 49.44% caused by a rise of 15.18% in Puglia and above

all, of 377.27% in Sicilia where, in particular, 49 Dominicans were reported for criminal

conspiracy to drug trafficking.

The investigative results show that even the major Italian Mafia-like organizations,

which are well-established in their territory, following the strengthening of counter-

narcotic measures, are forced to enhance their collaboration with other crime groups,

also foreign ones, in order to manage the illicit drug market in a more effective and

profitable way.

Italian organized crime is particularly attracted by the peculiarities of the numerous

foreign criminal rings: for example, the ability of the nigerians in importing large

quantities of cocaine and, to a lesser extent, heroin, invading the markets by means

of a myriad of human body-packers, having Nigerian nationality or coming from the

Baltic, Caucasian and South American regions.

As to the Serbians and montenegrins, they won their important role in the

international drug trafficking scenario since they only deal with huge quantities of

cocaine, taking all the risks connected to the transport and storage. In addition, they

supply cocaine with a high degree of purity since they do not cut it. Their cocaine has

also very competitive prices because they do not ask for any percentage on the retail

trafficking, avoiding all problems with the street pushers or with the medium-low level

traffickers and, at the same time, allowing the whole chain to gain profits.

The Serbian-Montenegrin organized crime, that is notable for its military-like structure

- many members belonged to paramilitary units - has already remarkably influenced

the maritime cocaine trafficking from South America.

They improved the smuggling techniques already experimented during the conflict

in Former Yugoslavia with the international embargo and have a strong capacity to

avoid the surveillance and counteracting systems used along the Atlantic Route and

its different variants.

Furthermore, they partly diversified the Atlantic routes (involving countries so far

used in a lesser degree such as Uruguay and South Africa), causing a gradual shift of

the core centre from Spain to the Balkan area. In fact, cocaine passing through the

Strait of Gibraltar enters the Mediterranean Sea reaching the ports of the Eastern

coast of the Adriatic Sea , in particular that of Bar in Montenegro. Once arrived in the

Balkans (in particular Montenegro, Kosovo, Albania and Croatia), cocaine is sorted out

all over Europe.

Investigations revealed that these crime groups are particularly active in Northern

Italy, especially in the area of Milano and also supply cocaine to the ‘Ndrangheta.

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Special attention should be given to the chinese criminal organizations, even though

from a statistical point of view, they do not seem to be particularly involved in drug

trafficking. However, there are clear indicators about their interest in new substances,

which are then distributed not only within their close milieu. The young Chinese gangs

are more and more aggressive and are exporting outside their boundaries illicit

activities such as drug dealing and prostitution.

The Chinese crime networks use well-consolidated licit and illicit patterns and routes

(traffic in clandestine workforce and counterfeit goods) and have very high sums of

money derived from their numerous and prosperous business. Moreover, it must be

pointed out that China is a major producer of synthetic drugs and precursors and is

now trying to enter the Italian illicit drug market: in particular, Chinese mainly deal

with ketamine, a veterinary anaesthetic predominantly produced in China.

In 2011, 13 kg of ketamine were seized, for a total quantity of approximately 72,000

doses (a dose is about 180 mg). Bologna (4.3 kg) and Padova (5.3 kg) are the provinces

were the main seizures of this substance were carried out.

Mephedrone is another product used as narcotic drug and mainly smuggled by the

Chinese. This substance is a fertilizer and is now considered a stimulant, of the same

category as phenethylamines, a mixture of amphetamines and MDMA, having almost

the same effects.

Moreover, it must be highlighted that the Chinese community, although mainly

concentrated in Central and Northern Italy, in recent years has significantly grown

in the South of our country, in particular in Campania (above all in the province of

Napoli). It penetrated the economic and entrepreneurial fabric, establishing strong

connections with Camorra clans in the sector of production, transport and distribution

of counterfeit goods. Moreover, in the Port of Napoli the business volume with the

Far East has significantly increased (in particular, with China): this fact must not be

underestimated in the light of possible developments in the drug trafficking field.

Finally, also the Roma nomadic people crime deserves special attention, since they

have lately raised the level of their involvement also in important criminal organizations,

in close connection with Italian and foreign crime rings.

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In absolute terms, foreign drug trafficking groups are mostly active in Lombardia,

Emilia Romagna, Lazio, Veneto and Piemonte. On the whole, data pertaining to these

regions have an incidence of 65.47% on the national estimates.

In relative terms, the number of foreign nationals reported to the Judicial Authority,

covering a sample of 100,000 inhabitants, reveals relevant data in Umbria. In this

region there is a progressive Mafia penetration and is considered a “land to conquer”

by both Italian and foreign crime groups.

Also in Liguria the number of foreign nationals reported to the Judicial Authority

in relation to the population is very high. This phenomenon is connected with its

Country

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2011

% V

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tion

2010

Morocco 83 2 10 42 481 15 195 221 1,036 74 9 264 20 32 31 312 74 89 1 298 3,289 1.39

Tunisia 4 - 2 22 580 5 163 160 331 115 1 51 2 2 81 190 95 172 1 388 2,365 46.35

Albania 51 1 3 12 233 22 126 102 284 112 - 71 165 8 12 196 51 100 2 141 1,692 -19.96

Nigeria 8 - - 51 146 6 106 37 45 30 - 138 4 32 4 19 - 22 - 164 812 2.40

Dominican Rep. 6 - - - 12 3 14 39 82 39 - 6 1 124 20 2 - - 20 368 95.74

Romania 10 2 9 12 42 14 94 10 46 13 - 20 8 3 12 19 4 19 2 29 368 16.46

Senegal 7 - 1 2 20 42 41 55 2 - 148 2 1 - 8 - - - 5 334 9.15

Algeria 1 - - 23 47 1 33 15 36 6 - 8 3 - 8 23 9 10 - 26 249 10.18

Spain 2 - 3 1 12 - 89 20 53 1 - 5 1 9 20 21 1 1 2 6 247 4.66

Gambia - - - - - - 70 1 155 - - 6 2 3 - - - - - - 237 13.94

Egypt 1 - - 6 10 1 32 7 159 5 - 2 - - 1 4 1 2 - 1 232 0.87

Gabon - - - - - - 1 12 - - - 138 - - - 1 - - - - 152 -12.64

Colombia - - 6 - 10 5 13 10 30 3 - 3 8 13 2 1 - - 3 107 9.18

France - 1 2 4 6 - 8 18 20 1 13 1 4 15 5 - 2 - 5 105 -1.87

Brazil 1 - - 3 2 2 20 3 42 2 - 3 2 2 3 9 1 7 - - 102 29.11

Other Countries 17 2 13 95 164 37 403 88 511 51 1 120 37 34 59 114 68 31 4 140 1,989 -6.79

Total 191 8 49 273 1,765 111 1,409 784 2,885 453 12 996 256 130 383 943 307 455 12 1,226 12,648 4.80

geographical position along one of the hashish routes, coming from Morocco, via

Spain and France.

The regions reporting a minor incidence in this sector are the Southern regions where

even the street pushing is controlled by the local criminal organizations.

Moreover, Moroccan groups are mostly concentrated in the regions Lombardia, Emilia

Romagna, Toscana and Veneto; Albanian groups are mainly settled in Lombardia,

Emilia Romagna and Toscana; Tunisians are active above all in Emilia Romagna,

Veneto and Lombardia while Nigerian clans are active in Veneto, Emilia Romagna and

Piemonte.

Foreigners reported the J.A. at regional level - as compared to 100,000 inhabitants

Foreigners reported the J.A. at regional level 2011 (absolute value)

Foreign nationals reported to the Judicial Authority (top 15 nationalities) - regional subdivision (2011)

Foreign naTionaLS rePorTed To THe JUdiciaL aUTHoriTY - regionaL diSTriBUTion

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Foreign naTionaLS rePorTed To THe JUdiciaL aUTHoriTY - ProVinciaL diSTriBUTion

Milano, Roma and Torino, are the most affected provinces with regard to foreign groups involved in drug trafficking. On the

contrary, the provinces of Enna, Caltanissetta, Vibo Valentia, Oristano and Isernia have recorded only a negligible presence

of these groups. A quite high number of reports is also recorded in the provinces of Perugia (where

the University for Foreigners is located), Bologna,

Padova, Varese, Bergamo and

Brescia.

According to macro areas,

the analysis of data

pertaining to foreign

nationals reported to the

Judicial Authority carried

out in 2010, revealed that the

North of Italy is in the lead

with 63.93%, followed by Central

Italy with 25.77% and by the South of

Italy and islands with 10.29%.

Catanzaro 19Cosenza 7Crotone 10

Reggio Calabria 12Vibo Valentia 1

Agrigento 30 Palermo 231Caltanissetta 0 Ragusa 59

Catania 21 Siracusa 14Enna 0 Trapani 16

Messina 12

Avellino 2Benevento 5

Caserta 80Napoli 168

Salerno 18

Matera 3Potenza 5

Campobasso 10Isernia 2

Cagliari 48Nuoro 5

Oristano 2Sassari 75

Arezzo 40 Massa 58Firenze 293 Pisa 154

Grosseto 47 Pistoia 34Livorno 87 Prato 126

Lucca 61 Siena 43

Genova 448Imperia 102

La Spezia 123Savona 111

Alessandria 114Asti 14

Biella 18Cuneo 47

Novara 23Torino 738

Verbania 27Vercelli 15

Aosta 12

Bolzano 113Trento 194

Belluno 5 Venezia 258Padova 460 Verona 214Rovigo 37 Vicenza 123Treviso 129

Perugia 397Terni 58

Frosinone 16Latina 39

Rieti 15Roma 1,271

Viterbo 68

Bologna 646 Piacenza 69Ferrara 129 Ravenna 148

Forlì 74 Reggio Emilia 181Modena 198 Rimini 186

Parma 134

L’Aquila 81 Pescara 45Chieti 29 Teramo 36

Bari 92 Foggia 13Barletta Andra Trani 10 Lecce 121

Brindisi 8 Taranto 12

Ancona 253 Macerata 98Ascoli Piceno 43 Pesaro 41

Fermo 18

Valle d’Aosta

Piemonte

Liguria

Lombardia

Trentino Alto Adige

Veneto

Friuli Venezia

Giulia

Emilia Romagna

Toscana

Umbria

Marche

LazioAbruzzo

Molise

Campania

Puglia

Basilicata

Calabria

Sicilia

Sardegna

10.29%

25.77%

63.93%

ce n t r a l ita ly

so u t h e r n i ta ly/i s l a n d s

no r t h e r n ita ly

acco rdin g to macro a reas

Bergamo 356 Lecco 23 Monza-Brianza 58Brescia 340 Lodi 40 Pavia 43

Como 150 Mantova 31 Sondrio 32Cremona 80 Milano 1,365 Varese 367

Gorizia 14Pordenone 27

Trieste 25Udine 45

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- introduction

- dr ug operations - dr ug se izures

- persons repor ted to the jud ic ial authority

- cocaine

- heroin

- cannabis

- synthetic dr ugs

- general table of dr ug operations, se izures and persons repor ted to the jud ic ial authority

NATIONAL COUNTER-NARCOTICS ACTIVITIES

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INTROdUCTIONIn the framework of transnational connections, drug trafficking is one of the most globalized

phenomena. The drug multinational corporations, entrenched all over the world, move the

illicit substances through a complex network of smuggling routes originating from the

source Countries to the consumption areas, attracted by the high profits deriving from

these illicit activities. Our Country - where many powerful Italian and foreign criminal

organizations are active in this sector – is a major European transit point and a consumer

area. Nonetheless very small cannabis crops were detected in Italy.

The analysis of DCSA data pertaining to 2011 - mainly referring to the drug operations,

the persons reported to the Judicial Authority and the drug seizures - highlighted the

following aspects:

- drug demand and supply were still high, notwithstanding the effective counternarcotics

activity, in cooperation with Customs Authorities;

- the heroin seizures recorded a decline of 14.09% , with respect to the previous year;

- the cocaine seizures showed a significant increase of 65.12%;

- as to the synthetic drugs: a strong decrease in amphetamines (-77.43%) as well as in

L.S.D. (-82.89%) was noticed .

Moreover, with respect to the previous year, the following can be noticed:

-marijuana seizures almost doubled (+98.15%) and a slight increase of hashish ( +0.22%);

-increase of drug operations (+4.19%) and a decrease of the number of persons reported

to the Judicial Authority (-5.84%);

-the number of the foreign nationals reported to the Judicial Authority increased (+4.80%).

As a matter of fact, the enforcement efforts reached high levels of commitment and

culminated in the seizure of a total quantity of 39,359 kilograms of drugs (+25.94%) and

to the report of 36,796 persons (-5.84%), of which 12,648 were foreign nationals(+4.80%)

and 1,175 minors (+2.44%).

dRUG OPERATIONSIn 2011, there were 23,103 drug operations , with a rise of 4.19% with respect to

2010, pointing out the constant commitment of our local law enforcement authorities

in this specific field.

Moreover, these operations only referred to the criminal offences without considering

the violations and the administrative sanctions.

The above-mentioned operations involved all types of drugs whose trafficking and

trade is prohibited by law.

TEN-YEAR TRENd OF THE OPERATIONS

Since 2002, the number of drug operations has always been around 20,000 per

year, peaking in 2009 with 23,272 operations and reaching the lowest level in

2003, with 18,495 operations. This discrepancy should be considered in the light

of the numerous legislative amendments made, aimed at focusing the attention

on the most serious crimes in order to hit the top levels of the illicit trafficking

organizations.

0

6,250

12,500

18,750

25,000

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

23,10322,17423,27223,16722,16520,77619,87718,74518,495

20,703

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REGIONAL dISTRIBUTION - dRUG OPERATIONS

Lombardia with a total of 3,768 operations, is in the lead as absolute value with respect to the other regions, followed by Lazio (2,862), Campania (2,265),

Emilia Romagna (1,912), Sicilia (1,628) and Puglia (1,612).

The lowest levels were recorded in Valle d’Aosta (46) and Molise (108).

Considering 2010, a remarkable increase of drug operations were recorded in Lazio (20.86%), Puglia (16.73%) and Marche (16.50%).

In Basilicata (-27.84%) and Friuli Venezia Giulia (-26.56%) were recorded the most evident decreases.

Considering the situation according to macro areas, in 2011, operations were

mostly performed in the North of

Italy (43.68%), followed by the

Southern regions and islands

(33.12%) and by Central Italy

(23.20%).

acco rdin g to macro a reas

ce n t r a l ita ly

southern italy and islands

23.20%33.12%

no r t h e r n ita ly

43.68%

46 3,768

4231,473 282

1,912

1,316 871

1,365

420

713

2,862

741

497

2.265

1081,612

140

6611,628

Valle d’Aosta

Piemonte

Liguria

LombardiaFriuli Venezia

Giulia

Emilia Romagna

Toscana

UmbriaMarche

Lazio Abruzzo

Molise

Campania

Puglia

Basilicata

Calabria

Sicilia

Sardegna

Trentino Alto Adige

Veneto

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997.89

39.00

10,907.88

20,257.57

810.93

6,346.30

748.49

50.29

5,504.96

20,212.44

943.883,843.47

16,153

16,573

1,008,228

6,39674,913

72,538

dRUG SEIZURESIn 2011, increases of cocaine (+65.12%), hashish (+0.22%), marijuana (+98.15%) and

cannabis plants (exceptional rise of 1,289.93%) seizures were recorded, with respect

to the previous year. On the contrary, there was a drop in the seizures of heroin

(-14.09%), of amphetamines (-77.43%) and L.S.D. (-82.89%). On the whole, in 2011,

39,359.57 kilograms of drugs were seized. In quantitative terms, the most remarkable

seizure occurred in Ardea/Rome, in August (2,632 kilograms of hashish).

As to the market of minor drugs, the following seizures were also carried out: 866.903

kilograms of khat; 61.00 kilograms of benzodiazepines, 13.21 kilograms and 43.75

litres of GBL, 13.04 kilograms, 2.24 litres and 158 doses of ketamine.

The drug traffickers active in Italy are mostly supplied by the Colombian market for

cocaine, via Mexico, Spain, Holland, Brazil and Dominican Republic; by the Afghan

market for heroin, via Greece and Turkey; by the Moroccan market for hashish, via

Spain and France and by the Dutch market for the synthetic drugs. Also marijuana has

mainly reached Italy from the Netherlands.

In Italy, the most relevant drug trafficking activities were operated by the following

organized crime groups:

- for cocaine: above all, the ‘Ndrangheta, then the Camorra and the Albanian,

Colombian, Dominican, Moroccan and Spanish crime groups;

- for heroin: the Sicilian, Puglia and Campania-based crime groups together with

Albanian, Tunisian and Moroccan organizations;

- for cannabis derivatives: the Lazio, Puglia-based and Sicilian criminal networks,

along with the Moroccan, Tunisian, Spanish and Albanian groups.

ten-year trend of the drug seizures

The year 2002 stood out for exceptional drug seizures (more than 50 tonnes), while

since 2003 these values have shown fluctuations below 50 tonnes, but never below 26

tonnes and the lowest figures were recorded in 2004 (26,463 kg). These remarkable

quantities were mainly due to the seizures of cannabis derivatives that were introduced

by drug traffickers of several ethnic origins into the Italian ports, often together with

illegal immigrants. In the last few years, except for 2008, the seizures have been

stable and amounted to about 32,000 kilograms.

10.00

0

15.00

0

8.000

12.00

0 14.00

0

20.00

0

18.00

0

16.00

0

21.00

0

19.00

0

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2010 2011

0

15,000

30,000

45,000

60,000

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

39,360

31,25334,122

42,740

31,95533,21431,63526,463

46,94552,223

Drug seizures 2010/2011

Number

Kilograms

Cocaine Heroin Hashish Marijuana Syntheticdrugs

Otherdrugs

Cannabis plants Synthetic drugs Other drugs

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REGIONAL dISTRIBUTION - dRUG SEIZURES

Lazio, with a total quantity of 7,945 kilograms of drugs seized, is in the lead as absolute value with respect to the other regions, followed by

Lombardia (7,633), Puglia (4,625), Liguria (4,186), Toscana (3,279) and Piemonte (2,483).

The lowest levels were recorded in Valle d’Aosta (6) and Molise (9).

With respect to 2010, a significant increase of seizures was recorded in Marche (+935.07%) and Lazio (+307.18%).

The most significant percentage drops were recorded in Valle d’Aosta (-92.72%) and Friuli Venezia Giulia (-80.94%).

The analysis of the drug seizures carried out in 2011 according to macro areas,

revealed that the North of Italy is in

the lead with 43.35% of the total

seizures, followed by Central

Italy with 32.11% and by the

South of Italy and islands with

24.54%.

6 7,633 1,559 38

983

2,483 4,186

3,279

552

861

7,945

1,109

122

1,459

94,625

181

1,328825

175

Valle d’Aosta

Piemonte

Liguria

Lombardia

Trentino Alto Adige

Veneto

Friuli Venezia

Giulia

Emilia Romagna

Toscana

Umbria

Marche

Lazio

Abruzzo

Molise

Campania

Puglia

Basilicata

Calabria

Sicilia

Sardegna

32.11%24.54%

43.35%

ce n t r a l ita ly

southern italy and islands

no r t h e r n ita ly

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drug seizures made in customs areas

As to the main types of narcotic drugs, you will find here below the quantities of drugs

seized in 2011 in border areas, in particular:

- heroin: 142.95 kg seized in customs areas, of which 39.85% at maritime borders,

59.68% at air borders and only 0.47% at land borders;

- cocaine: 4,893.08 kg seized in customs areas, of which 82.25% at maritime borders,

16.81% at air borders and 0.94% at land borders;

- hashish: 2,962.54 kg seized in customs areas, of which 83.61% at maritime borders,

10.78% at land borders and 5.61% at air borders;

Cocainekg

Heroinkg

Hashishkg

Marijuanakg

Synthetic drugs Other drugs

2010 2011 2010 2011 2010 2011 2010 20112010 2011 2010 2011

kg Number kg Number kg Number kg Number

Air borders 763.84 822.51 41.17 85.31 91.15 166.17 30.05 7.89 4.38 233 2.00 636 354.27 120 785.70 1,224

Maritime borders 1,331.44 4,024.34 107.46 56.97 7,520.10 2,476.87 732.07 2,610.77 - 9 - 632 - 19 - 815

Land borders 45.54 46.23 0.01 0.67 166.14 319.49 77.28 10.21 0.09 287 0.04 27 73.83 528 0.23 7

Total 2,140.81 4,893.08 148.63 142.95 7,777.40 2,962.54 839.40 2,628.87 4.47 529 2.04 1,295 428.10 667 785.93 2,046

- marijuana: 2,628.87 kg seized in customs areas, of which 99.31% at maritime

borders, 0.39% at land borders and 0.30% at air borders.

The comparison of 2011 values with those of the previous year, highlighted a rise

(3.85%) of the seizures made at land borders and a strong increase (45.51%) of those

made at airports, while there was a drop (- 5.39%) of seizures occurred at maritime

areas.

0

2.500,00

5.000,00

7.500,00

10.000,00

Air borders Maritime borders Land borders

2010 2011

Seizures of main drugs 2010/2011

1,2

84

.85

1,8

69.

58 9,

168

.95

9,6

91.0

7

376

.86

362

.88

Maritime borders

Total seizures of main drugs 2010/2011

Percentage distribution of seizures according to the Type of border (2011)

Air borders

Land borders

80.33%

16.37%

3.30%

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air borders

In the course of 2011, major drug seizures were recorded in the following airports:

Leonardo Da Vinci- Fiumicino/Rome Airport (1,000.76 kilograms), Malpensa/Varese

Airport (556.17 kilograms), and Linate Milan Airport (84.28 kilograms).However, the

most remarkable seizures of the main drugs (cocaine, heroin, hashish and marijuana)

were still made at Malpensa Airport.

to

caselle (to) airportHashish kg 0.04 Marijuana kg 0.01

bsva

mi

linate (mi) airportCocaine kg 72.43 Marijuana kg 0.03Hashish kg 0.29

malpensa (va) airportCocaine kg 461.71 Hashish kg 38.50Heroin kg 49.35 Marijuana kg 0.28

orio al serio (bg) airportCocaine kg 9.98 Hashish kg 37.07Heroin kg 0.48 Marijuana kg 0.34g. d’annunzio (bs) airportHashish kg 0.05

bg

villafranca (vr) airportCocaine kg 8.65 Marijuana kg 0.01Hashish kg 0.03marco polo (ve) airportCocaine kg 7.09 Hashish kg 1.14Heroin kg 11.68 Marijuana kg 0.05

ve

vr

bog. marconi (bo) airport

Cocaine kg 8.16 Hashish kg 17.76Heroin kg 1.85

pifi

a. vespucci (fi) airportCocaine kg 1.17 Marijuana kg 0.02Hashish kg 0.02g. gallilei (pi) airportCocaine kg 1.70 Marijuana kg 0.04Hashish kg 21.25

fiumicino (rm) airportCocaine kg 247.55 Hashish kg 32.40Heroin kg 21.28 Marijuana kg 7.25ciampino (rm) airportCocaine kg 1.94 Hashish kg 10.05

na

costa smeralda (ss) airportMarijuana kg 0.01fertilia (ss) airportCocaine kg 0.82 Hashish kg 1.70Heroin kg 0.12cagliari elmas (ca) airportHeroin kg 0.55 Marijuana kg 0.01Hashish kg 2.14

ss

ca

falconara (an) airport

Cocaine kg 0.60 Hashish kg 1.01

an

s. egidio (pg) airport

Marijuana kg 0.01

pg

falcone borsellino (pa) airportCocaine kg 0.01 Marijuana kg 0.10Hashish kg 0.58birgi (tp) airportHashish kg 2.11

fontanarossa (ct) airportCocaine kg 0.70Marijuana kg 0.01

tppa

capodichino (na) airport

Hashish kg 0.04Marijuana kg 0.01

br

brindisi (br) airport

Hashish kg 0.02Marijuana kg 0.04

ct

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mARITImE BORdERS

In 2011, the largest drug seizures were recorded at the Ports of Genova (2,292.71

kilograms), Bari/BA (1,508.35 kilograms), Livorno (1,249.15 kilograms) and Gioia Tauro

(1,082.51 kilograms of cocaine). In particular, the most remarkable seizures of cocaine

were made at the Port of Gioia Tauro, while the Port of Bari ranked first for heroin (40

kilograms) and marijuana seizures (1,468.37 kilograms)and that of Genova for hashish

seizures (1,886 kilograms).

port of venezia (ve)Heroin kg 12.23 Hashish kg 0.03

ve

rmport of civitavecchia (rm)Cocaine kg 14.32 Hashish kg 184.35Marijuana kg 0.58

naport of alghero (ss)Cocaine kg 503.10

port of isola bianca (ss)Cocaine kg 0.94 Hashish kg 85.39Marijuana kg 0.61 Marijuana kg 0.61port of porto torres (ss)Cocaine kg 5.06 Hashish kg 13.97Heroin kg 2.78 Marijuana kg 4.94port of golfo aranci (ss)Heroin kg 1.06

ss

ca

port of ancona (an)Marijuana kg 505.56

an

port of trapani (tp)Hashish kg 0.32

port of palermo (pa)Cocaine kg 1.00 Hashish kg 2.11

tppa

port of napoli (na)Cocaine kg 15.235

br

rc

port of gioia tauro (rc)Cocaine kg 1,082.51

port of genova (ge)Cocaine kg 405.47 Hashish kg 1,886.65Marijuana kg 0.60 port of la spezia (sp)Cocaine kg 974.00

port of vado ligure (sv)Cocaine kg 4.10

spsv

ge

ba

port of bari (ba)Heroin kg 39.99 Marijuana kg 1,468.37

port of brindisi (br)Marijuana kg 629.90

port of la maddalena (ss)Cocaine kg 0.04port of olbia (ss)Cocaine kg 0.48 Hashish kg 69.65Marijuana kg 0.05

port of arbatax (nu)Heroin kg 0.90port of cagliari (ca)Cocaine kg 2.33 Hashish kg 1.00

nu

port of messina (me)Hashish kg 0.01

port of catania (ct)Hashish kg 0.02

Marijuana kg 0.02

ct

me

port of livorno (li)Cocaine kg 1,015.77 Hashish kg 233.32Marijuana kg 0.07port of piombino (li)Hashish kg 0.05 Marijuana kg 0.09

port of potoferraio (li)Hashish kg 0.01

li

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border post frejus ffss (to)Cocaine kg 1.10

co

LANd BORdERS

In 2011, major drug seizures were recorded at the following land border posts: the

border post Autofiori (316.68 kg), the highway border post at Vipiteno/Bolzano (44.08

kilograms) and the Brogeda border post (6.97 kg).

The most remarkable seizures of hashish were made at the Autofiori border post

(311.38 kg); of cocaine at Vipiteno/Bolzano (37.04 kg) and of hashish at Brogeda

border post (5.59 kg).

vb

border post domodossola (vb)Cocaine kg 0.42

border post domodossola ffss (vb)Cocaine kg 2.75 Hashish kg 0.04Marijuana kg 0.10

so

border post brogeda (co)Cocaine kg 0.30 Hashish kg 5.59Marijuana kg 0.90

border post ponte chiasso (co)Cocaine kg 0.06 Hashish kg 0.61Marijuana kg 0.34

border post ponte chiasso ffss (co)Cocaine kg 0.01 Hashish kg 1.85Marijuana kg 0.38

border post villa di chiavenna (so)Marijuana kg 0.12

bz

highway berder post vipiteno (bz)Cocaine kg 37.34 Hashish kg 0.03Marijuana kg 7.01

ts

border post noghere (ts)Heroin kg 0.01

im

border post autofiori (im)Cocaine kg 3.94 Hashish kg 311.38Marijuana kg 1.36

border post ventimiglia ffss (im)Cocaine kg 0.62Heroin kg 0.66

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In 2011, 36,796 persons were reported to the Judicial Authority, with a decrease of

5.84% with respect to the previous year.

24,148 cases regarded Italian nationals (65.63%) and 12,648 foreign nationals

(34.37%). The incidence of women and minors was respectively of 8.49% and 3.19%.

In details, there was a drop in the reports for cocaine-related offences (-5.16%) and

for marijuana-related offences (-17.60%),while there was a rise as to cannabis plants-

related offences (+2.24%) and for synthetic drugs-related offences (+30.79%). As to

heroin (+0.53%) and hashish (+4.70%) a slight increase was reported.

The substance resulting in the highest number of reports was cocaine (13,062 cases),

followed by hashish (8,535), heroin (6,808), marijuana (5,211) and cannabis plants

(1,416).

TYPE OF OFFENCE

As to the type of offence, 36,796 persons were reported to the Judicial Authority,

of which 28,552 were arrested (-2.13% if compared to 2010). 3,070 cases regarded

conspiracy to illicit drug trafficking thus showing the strong and constant attention of

the counter-narcotic services towards the organised crime sector.

TEN-YEAR TRENd

In the time-frame under consideration, the persons reported to the Judicial Authority

but not arrested for drug-related offences exceeded the number of 30,000, except

for 2003, when the reports slightly dropped (29,580). The high number of reports

for violations of the Drugs Act, as well as the stable trend, prove the effective and

continuous counter-narcotic action.

0

9,500

19,000

28,500

38,000

403,070

33,686

154,071

34,992 2010 2011

Illicit trafficking(Art. 73)

Conspiracy to traffickingArt. 74)

Other offences

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

36,79639,078

36,51535,43635,47633,12831,63631,48429,580

33,184

2011 % Variation2010

type of offence

illicit trafficking (Art. 73) 33,686 -3.73conspiracy to trafficking (Art. 74) 3,070 -24.59other offences 40 166.67

age

of age 35,621 -6.09 minors 1,175 2.44

sex

male 33,673 -5.70 female 3,123 -7.27

national ity

Italians 24,148 -10.59foreigners 12,648 4.80

age groups

< 15 45 7.1415 ÷ 19 3,521 -2.6320 ÷ 24 7,510 -8.3925 ÷ 29 7,377 -9.6130 ÷ 34 6,347 -3.7535 ÷ 39 4,468 -7.55> 40 7,528 -1.39Total 36,796 -5.84

Persons reported according to type of report, offence and age groups

PERSONS REPORTEd TO THE JUdICIAL AUTHORITY

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ce n t r a l ita ly

s o u t h e r n ita ly/i s l a n d s

22.82%

no r t h e r n ita ly

41.96%

according to macro areas

REGIONAL dISTRIBUTION - PERSONS REPORTEd TO THE JUdICIAL AUTHORITY

Lombardia, with a total number of 5,423 subjects involved in drug trafficking, is in the lead as absolute value in comparison with the other regions,

followed by Lazio (4,219) , Campania (3,613), Emilia Romagna (3,186) and Sicilia (3,056).

The lowest values were recorded in Valle d’Aosta (63) and Basilicata (243).

As compared to 2010, a remarkable increase of reports to the Judicial Authority was noticed in Valle d’Aosta (43.18%) and Marche (31.03%).

The most significant percentage drops were recorded

in Trentino Alto Adige (-79.00%)

and Friuli Venezia Giulia

(-33.96%).

Analysing the macro-

areas, the subjects

reported to the Judicial

Authority are subdivided

as follows: 41.96% in the

North of Italy, 35.22% in

the South and islands and

22.82% in Central Italy.

35.22%

Valle d’Aosta

Piemonte

Liguria

Lombardia

Trentino Alto Adige

Veneto

Friuli Venezia

Giulia

Emilia Romagna

Toscana

Umbria

Marche

Lazio

Abruzzo

Molise

Campania

Puglia

Basilicata

Calabria

Sicilia

Sardegna

Illicit trafficking (Art. 73)

Legend

Conspiracy to trafficking (Art. 74)Other offences

1.069184

11.254

63--

63

1.90165

-1.966

5.00938826

5.423

2.10836

-2.144

3.022160

43.186

475121

488

2.17514

-2.189

651213

675

3.901318

-4.219

647133

-780

1.37773

-1.450

3.263350

-3.613

2.687369

-3.056

1.064124

-1.188

89196

-987

2.078356

12.435

849343

-1.192

23274

243

22421

-245

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WOmEN REPORTEd TO THE JUdICIAL AUTHORITY

Women reported to the Judicial Authority in 2011 were 3,123, of them 2,189 were

arrested, i.e. 8.49% of the total reports at national level, with a decrease of 7.27%,

with respect to the same period of the previous year. Among them, 707 women were

foreigners, in particular Nigerians,Romanians, Dominicans and Moroccans.

The prevailing age group was >= 40 years’ old, with 817 cases.

87.35% of cases regarded the offence of illicit trafficking and 12.10% that of conspiracy

to drug trafficking.

In the last decade, the reports against women peaked in 2010 and set their minimum

level in 2003.

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

3,1233,3683,1803,0993,2093,0862,9792,9342,8713,026

2011 Variation% 2010

type of offence

illicit trafficking (Art. 73) 2,728 -8.49

conspiracy to trafficking (Art. 74) 378 -1.31

other offences 17 325.00

age

of age 3,042 -8.04

minors 81 35.00

national ity

Italian 2,416 -10.62

other 707 6.32

Total 3,123 -7.27

Nationality of women reported to the judicial Authority in 2011

Italian 2,416 -10.62

Nigerian 96 12.94

Romanian 94 27.03

Dominican 75 134.38

Morroccan 63 40.00

Albanian 43 2.38

Other nationality 336 -13.18

To t a l 3,123 -7.27

0

875

1,750

2,625

3,500

17378

2,728

4383

2,981

2010 2011

Illicit trafficking (Art. 73)

Conspiracy to trafficking (Art. 74)

other offences

Women reported to the J.A. 2011

Women reported to the judicial Authority according to the type of offence

Women - ten-year trend

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REGIONAL dISTRIBUTION OF WOmEN REPORTEd TO THE JUdICIAL AUTHORITY

Campania, with a total number of 397 women involved in drug trafficking, is in the lead as absolute value in comparison with the other regions, followed

by Lombardia (378) , Lazio (336), Emilia Romagna (245) and Sicilia (229).

The lowest values were recorded in Valle d’Aosta (5) and Basilicata (22).

As compared to 2010, a remarkable increase of reports to the Judicial Authority was noticed in Marche (72.62%) and Basilicata (22.22%).

The most significant percentage drops were recorded in Trentino Alto Adige (-83.33%)

and Sardegna (-20.72%).

Analysing the macro-areas, the

women reported to the Judicial

Authority are subdivided as

follows: 38.52% in the South

and islands, 37.75% in the

North of Italy and 23.73% in

Central Italy.

23.73%

38.52%

37.75%

5 378 166 63

245

144 129

191

69

145

336

88

153

397

37185

22

92229

49

Valle d’Aosta

Piemonte

Liguria

Lombardia

Trentino Alto Adige

Veneto

Friuli Venezia

Giulia

Emilia Romagna

Toscana

Umbria

Marche

Lazio

Abruzzo

Molise

Campania

Puglia

Basilicata

Calabria

Sicilia

Sardegna

ce n t r a l ita ly

s o u t h e r n ita ly/i s l a n d s

no r t h e r n ita ly

acco rdin g to macro a reas

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0

375

750

1,125

1,500

110

1,164

014

1,133

mINORS REPORTEd TO THE JUdICIAL AUTHORITY

Minors reported to the Judicial Authority in 2011 were 1,175 , out of them 776 were

arrested i.e. 3.19% of the total reports at national level, with an increase of 2.44%,

with respect to the same period of the previous year. Out of the total of reports, 45

subjects were 14 years’ old. As shown in the following table, the reports constantly

increase as the subjects reach the legal age . Among the minors reported, 215 were

foreigners, in particular, Tunisians and Moroccans.

As to the type of offence, 1,164 minors were reported for illicit drug trafficking and 10

for conspiracy to illicit drug trafficking.

In the last decade, the reports against minors peaked in 2002 and reached their

minimum level in 2007.

2010 2011

0

400

800

1,200

1,600

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

1,1751,1471,1621,1301,0371,046

1,2041,1421,049

1,382

National i ty

Age

14 15 16 17 Total % Variation 2010

Italian 32 139 291 498 960 0.31

Tunisian 1 3 12 35 51 537.50

Moroccan 2 3 12 20 37 12.12

Albanian 1 1 7 14 23 -8.00

Gabonese 3 7 6 4 20 -25.93

Romanian 1 2 5 8 16 23.08

Senegalese 2 1 6 5 14 75.00

Ecuadorean 1 1 5 7 133.33

Algerian 1 1 2 - 4 100.00

Polish 1 1 2 4 300.00

Other nationality 2 5 15 17 39 -44.29

To t a l 45 164 358 608 1.175 2.44

Minors - ten-year trend

Minors reported to the judicial Authority according to the Type of offence

Nationality of foreign Minors reported to the J.A. (top 10) in 2011

Illicit trafficking (Art. 73)

Conspiracy to trafficking (Art. 74)

other offences

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REGIONAL dISTRIBUTION OF mINORS REPORTEd TO THE JUdICIAL AUTHORITY

Lazio, with a total number of 166 minors involved in drug trafficking, is in the lead as absolute value in comparison with the other regions,

followed by Sicilia (148) , Lombardia (131), Campania (108), Puglia (105) and Piemonte (85).

The lowest values were recorded in Valle d’Aosta (0) and Basilicata (5).

As compared to 2010, a remarkable increase of reports to the Judicial Authority was noticed in Lazio (66%) and Sardegna (54.55%).

The most significant percentage drops were recorded in Trentino Alto Adige (-56.25%) and Toscana (-35.80%).

Analysing the macro-areas, the minors reported to the Judicial Authority are

subdivided as follows: 40% in the South

and islands, 36.94% in the North

of Italy and 23.06% in Central

Italy.

60,00%)

60,00%)

23.06%

40.00%

36.94%

0 131 5527

60

85 48

52

17

36

166

51

26

108

7105

5

20148

28

Valle d’Aosta

Piemonte

Liguria

Lombardia

Trentino Alto Adige

Veneto

Friuli Venezia

Giulia

Emilia Romagna

Toscana

Umbria

Marche

Lazio

Abruzzo

Molise

Campania

Puglia

Basilicata

Calabria

Sicilia

Sardegna

ce n t r a l ita lys o u t h e r n ita ly/i s l a n d s

no r t h e r n ita ly

acco rdin g to macro a reas

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the reports to the Judicial Authority were 13,062, while 6,346.30 kilograms of cocaine

were seized.

Of 13,062 persons reported for cocaine-related offences, 1,174 (8.99%) were women

and 163 (1.25%) were minors. The foreign nationals involved were 5,072, corresponding

to 38.83% out of the total of subjects reported for cocaine-related offences.

As to the type of crime, 85.27% regarded the illicit trafficking and 14.71% the most

serious offence of criminal conspiracy to drug trafficking.

The cocaine seized during the drug operations was mainly discovered strapped to the

person (412), inside houses (308), in corpore (181), inside luggage (109) and inside

parcels (60).

The most significant cocaine seizures carried out in Italy in 2011 occurred in Livorno

(1,015.00 kg), La Spezia (974.00 kg) and Gioia Tauro (519.62 kg).

The Italian market was mainly fuelled by the Colombian cocaine that reached our

Country through several routes. In particular, in 2011, the main transit Countries for

cocaine destined for Italy were the Dominican Republic, Chile and Honduras.

COCAINEData represented in the tables below only refer to cocaine operations and persons

reported to the Judicial Authorities for cocaine-related offences.

In 2011, in Italy the operations (-2.48%) for cocaine-related offences slightly decreased

as well as the reports (-5.16%). However, there was a significant rise in the seizures

(+65.12%), thus confirming the last years trend indicating a steady demand for this

substance. Moreover, many of these seizures can be related to cocaine shipments in

transit through our country.

On the whole, in 2011, the operations to combat cocaine trafficking were 6,952 and

2011 % Variation 2010

type of offence

illicit trafficking (Art. 73) 11,138 -3.14

conspiracy to trafficking (Art. 74) 1,922 -15.44

other offences 2 -

age

of age 12,899 -5.17

minors 163 -4.12

sex

male 11,888 -5.34

female 1,174 -3.29

national ity

Italian 7,990 -5.49

other 5,072 -4.63

age groups

< 15 12 50.00

15 ÷ 19 661 -9.45

20 ÷ 24 2,285 -9.11

25 ÷ 29 2,684 -8.15

30 ÷ 34 2,436 -6.31

35 ÷ 39 1,818 -2.15

> 40 3,166 0.83

Total 13,062 -5.16

Persons reported to the J.A. for cocaine - related offences (2011)

Cocaine source countries (kg seized) 2011

0

375

750

1,125

1,500

60708390113129158

1,017

1,2491,311

Co

lom

bia

Do

min

ican

Re

p.

Ch

ile

Bra

zil

Ve

ne

zual

a

Ecu

ado

r

Ho

nd

ura

s

Arg

en

tin

a

Gre

ece

Co

sta

Ric

a

na

tio

na

l co

unte

r-n

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oti

cs a

ctiv

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s - c

on

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ts

The drug operations which led, on the same occasion, to the seizure of different

substances – including cocaine – were 7,962. As a result, 15,929 persons were

reported to the Judicial Authority.

The foreign nationals who were mostly involved in cocaine-related offences came

from Albania, Morocco, Nigeria and Tunisia.

0

2,250

4,500

6,750

9,000

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

6,9527,1297,4157,4217,1096,4826,440

5,8875,1344,790

0

3,750

7,500

11,250

15,000

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

13,06213,77213,57013,30313,19012,70512,18211,837

9,5029,406

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

6,346

3,8434,0984,1353,9354,6394,383

3,5893,5394,042

Operations

Seizures (kilograms)

Persons reported to the J.A.

Seizure of 974 kg of cacaine - La Spezia

TEN-YEAR TRENd

Since 2002,cocaine operations have shown a steady increase until 2009, with a drop

in 2010 and 2011. Also the trend of cocaine-related reports to the Judicial Authority

has continuously increased and only in 2011 a slight fluctuation was recorded. The

seizures between 3,500 and 4,500 kg peaked in 2011 (6,346 kg).

The operations moved from 4,790 in 2002 to 6,952 in 2011; the reports from 9,406 to

13,062 and the seizures from 4,042 kg to 6,346 kg .

na

tion

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REGIONAL dISTRIBUTION OF dRUG OPERATIONS, SEIZURES ANd PERSONS REPORTEd TO THE JUdICIAL AUTHORITY FOR COCAINE IN 2011

The regions recording major cocaine seizures were: Liguria (1,554.34 kg), followed by Toscana (1,423.79 kg) and Calabria (1099.40kg).

Lombardia ranks first for the number of persons reported (2,516), followed by Lazio (1,560), Campania (1,297), Sicilia (1,096) and Emilia Romagna (982).

Analysing the macro-areas, the cocaine seizures made in 2011 show the North of Italy in the lead with

42.47% of the total number of seizures, followed

by Central Italy with 29.58% and by

the South and islands with

27.94%.

26.87%23.86%

49.27%

32.81%22.98%

44.21%

Northern Italy

27.94%29.58%

42.47%

Valle d’Aosta

Piemonte

Liguria

Lombardia

Trentino Alto Adige

Veneto

Friuli Venezia

Giulia

Emilia Romagna

Toscana

Umbria

Marche

Lazio

Abruzzo

MolisePuglia

Basilicata

Calabria

Sicilia

Sardegna

Campania

114.25

13

1151,099.40

422

33716.55

696

40242.311096

160.43

18

67180.001297

879424.91

1,560

4131,423.79

704

164523.96

351

14510.55

381

20820.11

437

528130.86

982

401.46

73

1.551851.74

2516

40541.85

670

2801,554.34

503

50564.39

814

10546.67

204

1598.51301

180.22

24

d r u g o p e r a t i o n s

Central ItalySouthern Italy/islands

Dr ug operat ionsLegend

Se i z ure s k g.Persons repor ted to the J . A .

Northern Italy

Central Italy Southern Italy/islands

Northern Italy

Central Italy Southern Italy/islands

acco rdin gto macro a reas

d r u g s e i z u r e s

persons reported to the j.a.

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88 (1.29%) were minors. The foreign nationals involved were 2,959, corresponding to

43.46% out of the total of subjects reported for heroin-related offences.

As to the type of offence, 92.17% regarded the illicit trafficking and 7.80% the most

serious offence of criminal conspiracy to drug trafficking.

The heroin seized during the drug operations was mainly discovered strapped to the

person (204 cases), inside houses (115), cars (94), in corpore (42) and inside luggage

(22).

The most significant cocaine seizures carried out in Italy in 2011 occurred in

Roverchiara/Verona (130.50 kg), Milan (40.54 kg) and Brescia (24 kg).

The Italian market was fuelled by heroin that reached our country through several

routes. In particular, in 2011, the main transit countries for cocaine destined for Italy

were Slovenia, Greece and Tanzania.

The drug operations which led to the seizure of different substances – including

heroin– were 3,860. As a result, 7,401 persons were reported to the Judicial Authority.

The foreign nationals who were mostly involved in heroin-related offences came from

Tunisia, Morocco, Albania, Nigeria and Algeria.

HEROINData represented in the tables below only refer to heroin operations and persons

reported to the Judicial Authorities for heroin-related offences.

In 2011, in Italy there was a decrease in the seizures of heroin, from 943.88 in 2010

to 810.93 in 2011 (-14.09%). A drop in the operations was also noticed while the

reports for heroin-related offences slightly increased, respectively 3,588 (-4.01%) and

6,808 (+0.53%)

Of 6,808 persons reported for heroin-related offences, 747 (10.97%) were women and

2011 % Variation 2010

type of offence

illicit trafficking (Art. 73) 6,275 3.62

conspiracy to trafficking (Art. 74) 531 -25.73

other offences 2 100.00

age

of age 6,720 0.48

minors 88 4.76

sex

male 6,061 1.07

female 747 -3.61

national ity

Italian 3,849 -5.34

other 2,959 9.35

age groups

< 15 1 -85.71

15 ÷ 19 352 -5.63

20 ÷ 24 1,323 -1.42

25 ÷ 29 1,486 -6.19

30 ÷ 34 1,334 8.81

35 ÷ 39 918 1.21

> 40 1,394 4.58

Total 6,808 0.53

0

13

25

38

50

23445

11

1823

30

40

Heroin source countries (kg seized) 2011

Gre

ece

Tan

zan

ia

Ug

and

a

Alb

ania

Cam

ero

on

Ke

nya

Pak

ista

n

Be

lgiu

m

Gh

ana

Be

nin

Persons reported to the J.A. for heroin - related offences (2011)

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TEN-YEAR TRENd

In the long term, the trend of operations and reports to the Judicial Authority is

almost stable from 2003 to 2011, totalling about 3,500 operations and 6,500 persons

reported to the Judicial Authority. Data pertaining to seizures - after a period of

stability in 2002/2004 exceeding 2,000 kilograms seized – had a slight increase in

2007 with 1,897 kilograms, followed by decreases respectively of 1,312 kg, 1,156kg ,

944 kg and 811 kg from 2008 to 2011.

0

1,250

2,500

3,750

5,000

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

3,5883,7383,8653,5793,6473,4973,3133,2813,491

4,529

0

2,500

5,000

7,500

10,000

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

6,8086,7727,0576,2216,5926,4146,4806,6016,801

8,839

0

750

1,500

2,250

3,000

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

8119441,156

1,312

1,899

1,3291,374

2,5572,5922,593

Seizure of 1 kg of heroin - reggio emiLia

Operations

Seizures (kilograms)

Persons reported to the J.A.

na

tio

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REGIONAL dISTRIBUTION OF dRUG OPERATIONS, SEIZURES ANd PERSONS REPORTEd TO THE JUdICIAL AUTHORITY FOR HEROIN IN 2011

The regions recording major heroin seizures were: Veneto (212.53 kg), followed by Lombardia (188.05 kg), Puglia (91.29 kg) and Campania (57.98 kg).

Emilia Romagna ranks first for the number of persons reported (911), followed by Campania (632),Lombardia (620), Veneto (589) and Lazio (493).

Analysing the macro-areas, the heroin seizures made in 2011 show the North of Italy in the lead with 60.71% of the total

number of seizures, followed by the South and

islands with 26.08% and by

Central Italy with 13.22%.

Valle d’Aosta

Piemonte

Liguria

Lombardia

Trentino Alto Adige

Veneto

Friuli Venezia

Giulia

Toscana

Umbria

Marche

Lazio

Abruzzo

MolisePuglia

Basilicata

Calabria

Sicilia

Sardegna

Campania

60.06

6

583.71177

25591.29

384

918.35329

270.63

53

36557.98

632

31133.90

493

26249.77

490

6712.64

171

13036.49

274

17418.44

359

44840.48

911

660.78129

422188.05

620

359212.53

589

17526.28

394

18121.91

303

832.20158

775.06188

310.39148

28.54%22.97%

48.49%

31.84%22.47%

45.68%

26.08%

13.22%

60.71%

Emilia Romagna

Northern Italy

Central ItalySouthern Italy/islands

Dr ug operat ionsLegend

Se i z ure s k g.Persons repor ted to the J . A .

Northern Italy

Central Italy Southern Italy/islands

Northern Italy

Central Italy Southern Italy/islands

acco rdin gto macro a reas

d r u g o p e r a t i o n s

d r u g s e i z u r e s

persons reported to the j.a.

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On the whole, in 2011, the operations to combat cannabis derivatives trafficking

were 11,459 and the reports for hashish-related offences to the Judicial Authority

were 8,535, while those pertaining to marijuana were 5,211. Moreover, 20,257.56

kilograms of hashish and 10,907.88 kilograms of marijuana were seized.

Of 15,162 persons reported for cannabis-related offences, 1,000 (6.60%) were

women and 890 (5.87%) were minors. The foreign nationals involved were 4,036

corresponding to 26.62% out of the total of subjects reported for cannabis-related

offences.

As to the type of offence, 96.82% regarded the illicit trafficking and 3.15% the most

serious offence of criminal conspiracy to drug trafficking.

The foreign nationals who were mostly involved in cannabis-related offences came

from Morocco, Tunisia, Albania, Nigeria, Spain and Romania.

The most significant seizures carried out in Italy in 2011 occurred in Ardea/Rome

(2,632.00 kg of hashish), Pomezia/Rome (1,502.00 kg of hashish), Bari (754.40 kg of

marijuana) and Opera/Milan (513 Kg of marijuana).

The Italian market was fuelled by hashish from Morocco and marijuana from Albania.

In particular, in 2011, the main transit countries for hashish destined for Italy were

Spain and France, while for marijuana Greece and Holland were the main routes.

CANNABISData represented in the tables below only refer to cannabis operations and persons

reported to the Judicial Authorities for cannabis-related offences.

In 2011, in Italy there was a remarkable increase in the seizures of marijuana

(+98.15%) and a stable situation as far as hashish is concerned (+0.22%). As to

marijuana, a rise in the operations was recorded (+35.65%) while the reports for

marijuana-related offences decreased by17.60%. On the contrary, there was a rise

in both sectors as far as hashish is concerned, respectively of +3.76% and +4.76%.

2011 % Variation2010

type of offence

illicit trafficking (Art. 73) 14,680 -4.35

conspiracy to trafficking (Art. 74) 478 -6.64

other offences 4 300.00

age

of age 14,272 -4.97

minors 890 5.58

sex

male 14,162 -3.97

female 1,000 -10.23

national ity

Italian 11,126 -11.76

other 4,036 24.11

age groups

< 15 29 7.41

15 ÷ 19 2,394 2.00

20 ÷ 24 3,575 -7.31

25 ÷ 29 2,844 -8.11

30 ÷ 34 2,299 -0.95

35 ÷ 39 1,491 -10.83

> 40 2,530 -0.47

Total 15,162 -4.41

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

1310226275170

2,4712,828

3,167

Cannabis source countries (kg seized) 2011

Mo

rocc

o

Alb

ania

Sp

ain

Gre

ece

Ind

ia

Ho

llan

d

Fran

ce

Be

nin

Mal

i

Au

stri

a

Persons reported to the J.A. for hashish and marijuana - related offences (2011)

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The drug operations which led to the seizure of different substances – including

cannabis– were 16,677. As a result, 27,118 persons were reported to the Judicial

Authority.

The peak record of cannabis plants seized was in 2007 and amounted to

1,529,779.00 plants. Cannabis consignments seized during the drug operations

were mainly concealed strapped to the person (807 cases), on board lorries (374

cases), inside houses (733), in corpore (98).

TEN-YEAR TRENd

Over the years, cannabis derivatives have been the most sought-after drugs on the

illicit market. On the whole, there was a clear prevalence in hashish seizures. In this

decade, the hashish seizures amounted to more than the half of the total of drug

seizures in Italy.

The record peak in hashish seizures was recorded in 2008 with 34,616 kilograms;

that of marijuana in 2002 with 16,385 kilograms.

In 2002, the overall seizures of cannabis derivatives have remarkably dropped and

the lowest peak was reached in 2004, with 19,914 kilograms.

Until 2004, the same downward trend was also noticed in the sector of antidrug

operations; a slight but steady increase was then reported until 2011 with 11,459

operations. As to the reports to the Judicial Authorities, there was a less evident

drop until 2005 and then a slight increase up to 2010 with a slight drop in 2011.

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

1,008,228

72,538118,967

148,583

1,529,779

97,853140,958

311,124

191,813

297,693

Cannabis plants seizures (No.)

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

10,908

5,5058,098

2,4014,551

4,985

2,4853,491

15,339

16,385 20,258

20,212

20,312

34,616

20,035

19,73023,199

16,423

25,18128,755

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

1,20

8

1,20

7

1,09

5

1,08

2

913

651

646

534

571

615

4,007

2,954

2,399

2,213

2,2242,517

1,852

1,6422,3113,3

30

6,244

6,0187,2

36

7,398

6,871

6,383

6,515

6,391

6,1956,746

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

1,41

6

1,38

5

1,19

3

1,21

6

935

630

639

527

585

581

5,2116,324

2,951

2,291

2,428

2,746

1,793

1,7832,5943,684

8,535

8,1529,265

9,422

9,012

8,532

8,3258,846

8,7669,725

HashishMarijuanaCannabis plants

Operations

Seizures (kilograms)

Persons reported to the J.A.

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REGIONAL dISTRIBUTION OF dRUG OPERATIONS, SEIZURES ANd PERSONS REPORTEd TO THE JUdICIAL AUTHORITY FOR CANNABIS IN 2011 The regions recording major hashih seizures were: Lazio (5,242.13 kg) , followed by Lombardia (4,640.00 kg), and Liguria (592.72 kg). As to marijuana major seizures were

made in Puglia (4,231.63 kg) and in Lombardia (1,904.63 kg).

Lombardia ranks first for the number of persons reported for cannabis derivatives (1,994), followed by Lazio (1,964), Campania (1,562), Sicilia(1,520), and Puglia (1,226).

1,008,228.00 cannabis plants were produced in our country and, consequently, seized in 2011 (+1,289.93% with respect to 2010): these operations were mainly carried out in

Sicilia (925,836 plants seized) and Calabria (39,346), where there are favourable climatic conditions for this type of crops.

Analysing the macro-areas, the cannabis seizures

made in 2011 show the North of Italy in

the lead with 44.08% of the total

number of seizures, followed

by Central Italy with 31.57%.

and by the South and islands

with 24.35%.

Valle d’Aosta

Piemonte

Liguria

Lombardia

Trentino Alto Adige

Veneto

Friuli Venezia

Giulia

Toscana

Umbria

Marche

Lazio

Abruzzo

MolisePuglia

Basilicata

Calabria

Sicilia

Sardegna

Campania

271.98

41

466224.46

517

9414,455.68

1,226

1.088771.13

1.520

88179.40

155

1,1711,304.23

1,562

15216,757.71

1,964

6151,720.15

816

482572.19

617

20574.39

285

304822.19

411

810802.82

1,088

15924.96

263

1,5666,544.63

1,994

6351,278.35

822

3742,604.36

507

5652,354.50

770

2191,25.61

296

169537.99

242

548.72

6639.23%

22.77%

38.01%

39.23%

22.64%

38.13%

24.35%31.57%

44.08%

Emilia Romagna

Northern Italy

Central ItalySouthern Italy/islands

Dr ug operat ionsLegend

Se i z ure s k g.Persons repor ted to the J . A .

Northern Italy

Central Italy Southern Italy/islands

Northern Italy

Central Italy Southern Italy/islands

according to macro areas

d r u g o p e r a t i o n s

d r u g s e i z u r e s persons reported to the j.a.

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and the reports to the Judicial Authority were 429, while 16,573 doses were seized.

Of 429 persons reported for synthetic drugs-related offences, 50 (11.66%) were women

and 10 (2.33%) were minors. The foreign nationals involved were 148 corresponding

to 34.50% out of the total of subjects reported for this type of substances.

As to the type of offence, 98.37% regarded the illicit trafficking and 1.63% the most

serious offence of criminal conspiracy to drug trafficking.

The most significant seizure carried out in Italy in July 2011 occurred in Casnate con

Bernate/Como (10,000 ecstasy tablets).

The foreign nationals who were mostly involved in synthetic drugs-related offences

came from the Philippines (65), China (13), Poland (8), Albania (6) and Iran (4).

Out of a total of 7 reports to the Judicial Authority for conspiracy to drug trafficking,

2 were issued against foreign nationals.

The synthetic drugs seized during the drug operations were mainly concealed inside

parcels or letters and on the person.

The routes used to smuggle synthetic drugs generally originate in the Netherlands,

Spain and Thailand.

In Italy, the largest seizures of synthetic drugs regarded the ecstasy group substances.

The drug operations which led to the seizure of different substances – including

synthetic drugs– were 649. As a result, 1,178 persons were reported to the Judicial

Authority.

The Synthetic Drugs section was established in 2008 within the I Division of the III

Service (Drug Operations) in order to effectively respond to the foreign counterparts’

requests and because of the ever-increasing number of seizures made, in particular,

in 2007. This new Section had to face the rising and dangerous phenomenon of the

spreading of these substances among young people.

In 2009-2010 new substances were included in the Tables provided by the Drugs Act,

and finally in 2011 the Decrees by the Ministry of Health dated May 11 and December

29 came into force and marked a turning point in the fight against synthetic drugs in

Italy. From this moment on, the whole group of “synthetic cannabinoids” – of “JWH”

SYNTHETIC dRUGSData represented in the tables below only refer to synthetic drugs operations and

persons reported to the Judicial Authorities for synthetic drugs-related offences.

In 2011, in Italy there was a remarkable decrease in the seizures of synthetic drugs

with respect to 2010 (-77.88%). On the contrary, a rise in the operations (+61.03%)

and reports (+30.79%) for synthetic drugs-related offences was noticed.

On the whole, in 2011, the operations to combat synthetic drugs trafficking were 343

2011 % Variation 2010

type of offence

illicit trafficking (Art. 73) 422 51.25

conspiracy to trafficking (Art. 74) 7 -85.71

other offences - -

age

of age 419 33.02

minors 10 -23.08

sex

male 379 32.52

female 50 19.05

national ity

Italian 281 12.40

other 148 89.74

age groups

< 15 - -

15 ÷ 19 39 -36.07

20 ÷ 24 103 21.18

25 ÷ 29 81 47.27

30 ÷ 34 53 15.22

35 ÷ 39 61 117.86

> 40 92 73.58

Total 429 30.79

Persons reported to the J.A. for synthetic drugs - related offences (2011)

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type - have become illegal as well as other substances such as the butylone and AM-

694. These measures were adopted also thanks to the contribution of the Department

for anti-drug policies within the Presidency of the Council of Ministers, on the basis

of alert notices supplied by the National Early Warning System all over the national

territory. The Italian law enforcement activities against synthetic drugs are at a most

advanced stage in Europe, where numerous psychoactive substances are still included

in the category of licit substances as “smart drugs” or “legal highs”, and sold in “Smart

Shops” or “drugstores” on the Web.

Moreover, Italy has also included GBL (gamma-butyrolactone) in the Tables used for

the identification of narcotic drugs: this substance is considered a “rape drug”, and a

solvent used in metallurgic industry. The human body rapidly converts GBL into GHB

(gamma-hydroxybutyric acid) that is another narcotic drug scheduled in Tables.

In July 2011, the Precursors Section joined the Synthetic Drugs Section to form a

single Unit in order to respond to the new provisions fixed by the Legislative Decree

N. 50 dated 24.3.2011. This Decree introduced strict rules regarding the production,

manufacture, trade and possession of chemical precursors.

TEN-YEAR TRENd

Since 2002, the operations, seizures and reports to the Judicial Authority pertaining

to the synthetic drugs had an unstable trend and peaked in 2007 with 438,437 doses

seized, while in 2011 a sharp drop was recorded.

0

125,000

250,000

375,000

500,000

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

16,57374,91366,21457,615

438,437

133,979

329,804379,848

251,593

403,337

0

150

300

450

600

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

343

213213

331392413401

501481467

0

250

500

750

1,000

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

429328288

498

651695677

840785

710

Operations

Seizures (Number)

Persons reported to the J.A.

Seizure of 750 ecStaSy tabLet - rome

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REGIONAL dISTRIBUTION OF dRUG OPERATIONS, SEIZURES ANd PERSONS REPORTEd TO THE JUdICIAL AUTHORITY FOR SYNTHETIC dRUGS IN 2011 The regions recording major synthetic drugs seizures were: Lombardia (10,904 doses), followed by Lazio (1,956 doses), Emilia Romagna (865),

Friuli Venezia Giulia (774) and Toscana (759).

Emilia Romagna ranks first for the number of persons reported for synthetic drugs (91), followed by Lombardia (85), Lazio (72), Toscana (46) and Campania (29).

Analysing the macro-areas, the synthetic drugs seizures made in 2011 show the

North of Italy in the lead with 80.38%

of the total number of seizures,

followed by Central Italy with

16.73% and by the South

and islands with 2.90%. Valle d’Aosta

Piemonte

Liguria

Lombardia

Trentino Alto Adige

Veneto

Friuli Venezia

Giulia

Toscana

Umbria

Marche

Lazio

Abruzzo

MolisePuglia

Basilicata

Calabria

Sicilia

Sardegna

Campania

000

403

173218

6113

5

095

0

87429

581,956

72

23759

46

7145

13

220

2

118

1

62865

91

8774

8

9610,904

85

17254

19

928

9

15392

18

8104

7

139

2

11113.12%

24.20%

62.68%

16.55%55.24%

28.21%

2.90%

16.73%

80.38%

Emilia Romagna

Northern Italy

Central Italy

Southern Italy/islands

Dr ug operat ionsLegend

Se i z ure s No.Persons repor ted to the J . A .

Northern Italy

Central Italy

Southern Italy/islands

Northern Italy Central Italy

Southern Italy/islands

acco rdin gto macro a reas

d r u g o p e r a t i o n s

d r u g s e i z u r e s

persons reported to the j.a.

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TotalOperation

No.

d r u g s e i z u r e sTotal

Cocainekg

Heroinkg

hashishkg

Marijuana kg

Other drugskg

Cannabis plantsNo.

Synthetic drugsNo.

Other drugsNo. No. kg

five-year trend

2007 22,165 3,935.08 1,899.49 20,035.16 4,550.88 1,534.56 1,529,779 438,437 1,082,456 1,520,893 31,955.16

2008 23,167 4,134.57 1,312.46 34,616.11 2,400.60 276.41 148,583 57,615 21,375 78,990 42,740.15

2009 23,272 4,097.58 1,155.51 20,311.57 8,097.80 459.78 118,967 66,214 11,761 77,975 34,122.22

2010 22,174 3,843.47 943.88 20,212.44 5,504.96 748.49 72,538 74,913 6,396 81,309 31,253.23

2011 23,103 6,346.30 810.93 20,257.56 10,907.88 1,036.90 1,008,228 16,573 16,153 32,726 39,359.57

2011 data - geographical subdiv is ion

Northern Italy 10,091 2,695.56 492.29 10,816.51 2,920.71 137.99 11,442 13,321 5,919 19,240 17,063.06

Central Italy 5,360 1,877.32 107.17 7,208.77 2,629.27 815.19 4,943 2,772 2,259 5,031 12,637.71

Southern Italy/islands 7,652 1,773.42 211.47 2,232.29 5,357.90 83.72 991,843 480 7,975 8,455 9,658.80

Type of report

Type of offence Nationality Age Sex Age groups

Arr

este

d

Rep

orte

d bu

t not

ar

rest

ed

At l

arge

Illic

it tr

affic

king

(a

rt. 7

3)

C

onsp

iras

y to

ill

icit

traf

ficki

ng

(art

. 74)

Oth

er o

ffen

ces

Ital

ian

Oth

er

Of A

ge

Min

ors

Mal

e

Fem

ale

< 1515÷19

24÷24

25÷29

30÷34

39÷39

>= 40 Total

five-year trend

2007 27,661 7,372 443 31,643 3,813 20 24,719 10,757 34,439 1,037 32,267 3,209 35 3,355 7,489 7,457 5,901 4,624 6,615 35,476

2008 28,758 6,252 426 32,499 2,858 79 23,929 11,507 34,306 1,130 32,337 3,099 45 3,445 7,524 7,347 6,013 4,343 6,719 35,436

2009 29,675 6,467 373 33,427 3,075 13 24,030 12,485 35,353 1,162 33,335 3,180 50 3,596 7,707 7,714 6,214 4,453 6,781 36,515

2010 29,172 9,507 399 34,992 4,071 15 27,009 12,069 37,931 1,147 35,710 3,368 42 3,616 8,198 8,161 6,594 4,833 7,634 39,078

2011 28,552 7,936 308 33,686 3,070 40 24,148 12,648 35,621 1,175 33,673 3,123 45 3,521 7,510 7,377 6,347 4,468 7,528 36,796

2011 data - geographical subdiv is ion

Northern Italy 11,937 3,318 185 14,673 733 34 7,354 8,086 15,006 434 14,261 1,179 17 1,314 3,204 3,270 2,801 1,839 2,995 15,440

Central Italy 6,413 1,951 33 7,725 671 1 5,137 3,260 8,126 271 7,656 741 7 822 1,756 1,700 1,408 1,027 1,677 8,397

Southern Italy/islands 10,202 2,667 90 11,288 1,666 5 11,657 1,302 12,489 470 11,756 1,203 21 1,385 2,550 2,407 2,138 1,602 2,856 12,959

GENERAL TABLE OF dRUG OPERATIONS ANd SEIZURES

GENERAL TABLE OF REPORTS TO THE JUdICIAL AUTHORITY

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td.c.s.a. actIVItIes In ItaLY In 2011Foreword

InVestIgatIVe coordInatIon

InternatIonaL cooperatIon

oFFIce For coordInatIon and pLannIng

traInIng

technIcaL-LogIstIc support

InFormatIon research

second part

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The Direzione is composed of an equal number of representatives of the State Police,

Carabinieri Corps and Guardia di Finanza. The Direzione Centrale per i Servizi Antidroga

substituted the Servizio Centrale Antidroga (Antidrug Central Service) set up in 1981,

which in turn took the place of the Ufficio Centrale di Direzione e Coordinamento

dell’Attività di Polizia per la Prevenzione e Repressione del Traffico Illecito di Sostanze

Stupefacenti (Central Office for the Direction and Coordination of Law Enforcement

Activity in the Fight against Illicit Drug Trafficking), created in 1976.

Among DCSA duties mention must be made of the overall

coordination at the national and international

level of drug investigative activities,

the development of international

relations as well as the

working out of strategic

and operational analyses.

The Direzione is composed

of three Services (General

and International Affairs; Study,

Fo rewo rdIn the last decades the drug plague has spread to all continents, becoming a global

phenomenon, often with very negative effects on the vital sectors of each country,

such as health and economy. It is undoubtedly a problem difficult to solve both because

drug producers and traffickers are often protected by and sometimes close to terror

groups, and because the scenario rapidly changes and the routes and markets are

managed by skilled multinational criminal groups.

In order to curb drug supply in a proper way it is thus necessary to adopt target-oriented

counterstrategies and effectively develop the cooperation

between drug international agencies.

These considerations paved the way

to the setting up, as provided

for by law No. 16 dated

January 15th, 1991, of the

Direzione Centrale per i

Servizi Antidroga, within the

Department of Public Security.

dcsa dIrector

service iinternational and General Affairs

Office for coordination and planning

service iiiAntidrug operations

service iiresearch, studies and information

1st sectionResearch, studies, legal affairs and drug-addiction analysis

2nd sectionBilateral International Section

3rd sectionTraining courses

4th sectionMultilateral International Section

sectionTechnical equipmentCommunication centreCar fleet

Interpreters

Confidential files

Keeper's office

1st sectionStrategic analysis

2nd sectionOperative analysis

1st sectionData baseData processing centre

2nd sectionData collection and data on drug trafficking (D.A.D.E.)

3rd sectionArchivesDocumentation centre

1st sectionHeroin

2nd sectionCannabis and its derivates

3rd sectionSynthetic drugs and Precursors

1st sectionCocaine

2nd sectionCoordination drug liaison offices abroad and foreign liaison offices in Italy

3rd sectionRelations with Customs Administration

1st Division 2nd Division 1st Division 2nd Division 1st Division 2nd Division

secretAriAt

Personnel

Accounting office

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M

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MiAMi

BogotA LiSBoN BudApeSt iStANBuL MoScow ANKARA tAShKeNt KA

Bu

L iSLAMABAd BANgKoK tehRAN BeiRut RABAt dAKAR BRASiLiA cARAcAS

BueNoS AiReS

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foreign countries which are mainly affected by production, trade in and illicit transit of

narcotic drugs. Their offices are located as follows:

- American continent: Miami, Bogota, Caracas, Lima, La Paz, Buenos Aires, Brasilia

and Mexico City;

- African continent: Dakar and Rabat;

- Asian continent: Istanbul, Beirut, Ankara, Islamabad, Bangkok, Tehran, Kabul and

Tashkent;

- European continent: Madrid, Lisbon, Budapest and Moscow.

Research and Information, Drug Operations). The Office for General Coordination

and Planning, which is part of DCSA, cooperates with public bodies and private

associations in the field of prevention of drug addictions, coordinating at the same

time the initiatives of the drug law enforcement authorities .

Moreover in order to constantly monitor the areas of origin and development of drug

trafficking as well as to act as a link with the competent foreign bodies and facilitate

the rapid solution of problems at the judicial and police levels, DCSA has its own Law

Enforcement Attachés posted to the diplomatic missions and consulates of the 20

oceANiA

ASiAeuRope

SouthAMeRicA

AFRicA

NoRthAMeRicA

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Furthermore, there is a liaison-officer at MAOC-N in Lisbon, a European organization

aimed at maritime and air interdiction of drug trafficking, in particular cocaine, in the

Atlantic ocean.

D.C.S.A. has also close relations with CECLAD in Toulon, an organization similar to

the one mentioned above, that is focused on the fight against drug trafficking in the

Mediterranean sea.

At present the distribution of offices is being revised keeping into account the changes

in routes and in the criminal organizations. In this regard significant variations will be

made in 2012 and 2013.

InVestIgatIVe coordInatIonIn coordinating investigations, DCSA contributes to outline the antidrug strategies

adopted by the Police forces and the Judicial Authorities in the drug operations

conducted at national level.

In particular, this activity is carried out through a constant and continuous exchange

of information with the national operating departments, which obtain information and

links useful to the development of investigations. Such information support derives

from data that emerged on the targets in previous investigations, enriched with in

depth analyses of the social criminal milieu, of the modus operandi previously adopted

and any other information. Furthermore DCSA keeps continuous contacts with the

foreign counterparts, mainly through the wide network of Law Enforcement Attachés

posted to the most strategically sensitive countries, which allows to provide further

precious support to the operational units through information enriching domestic

investigative scenarios.

The monitoring and coordination of drug investigations led to the detection of several

investigative crossovers, when the same subjects are investigated by different

units or departments of the Italian or foreign Police Forces. This allows to evaluate

and establish new investigative strategies which optimize the human, financial and

technical resources involved in specific criminal investigations and to obtain evidence.

In 2011, in particular, 782 crossovers emerged, with a decrease of 6.35% with respect

to previous year.

Furthermore DCSA provides the Police Forces involved in drug investigations with

technical and logistic support, supplying inter alia hi-tech instruments enabling to

carry out investigations and specialized personnel, when needed. Such technical

equipment is extremely useful during special operations and, in particular, during

undercover operations.

InternatIonaL cooperatIonDrug abuse and the development of drug trafficking are a major concern for all

European and world Authorities and are a serious problem in terms of public order

and health.

In 2011, within the fight against international drug trafficking, DCSA developed,

enhanced and strengthened international cooperation, both at multilateral and

bilateral levels.

In this connection, particular attention was paid as usual to the participation in the

main international fora on the fight against drug trafficking, and to the development

and implementation of “Cooperation Agreements” with the countries mostly affected

by such a phenomenon.

Change of Directors at DCSA - July 2011

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At multilateral level in 2011

DCSA actively participated in

the monthly meetings of the

“Horizontal Drug Group” of

the E.U. Council.

HDG was set up with the aim

of ensuring the coordination

of the action of the Council in

the field of the drug fight, as

well as of coordinating the cooperation with Third Countries. It is a multidisciplinary

group dealing with several topics (health, foreign politics, security, education) and is

in charge of initiating, monitoring and coordinating all activities in the drug field, thus

contributing in setting up antidrug policies and coordinating all activities involving

drugs at European level.

Among the issues dealt with by the Hungarian and Polish Presidencies we would like

to remind:

- a financing programme aimed at protecting public health;

- the commitment to implement the effectiveness of networks dealing with drug

prevention;

- specific attention to the development of actions contained in the European Action

Plan 2009-2012;

- a study on the drug diffusion in prisons;

- thorough examination of the measures aimed at fighting against driving under

drug influence;

- reduction of the new synthetic drugs.

As to the implementation of the “European Pact to combat international drug

trafficking”, DCSA participated in the workshops of the “Project Group no.2”.

The European Pact to combat international drug trafficking is an initiative aiming at

reviving the cooperation among E.U. countries against international drug trafficking.

It is divided into three sectors:

- dismantling cocaine routes;

- dismantling heroin routes;

- fight against assets illicitly accumulated by drug trafficking organizations.

Italy is, together with Germany, the co-leader of the Project Group no.2 concerning

the fight against heroin trafficking.

During 2011 the “Project group no.2 – Heroin routes” has been set out in 4 workshops:

- 1st Workshop – “Technical Assistance” which was organized in Berlin on February

18, 2011 by the German representatives and in Rome on November 28, 2011 by

D.C.S.A.

- 2sd Workshop – “Liaison officers” organized in Rome on March 31, 2011 by

D.C.S.A.;

- 3rd Workshop – “Precursors”, Brussels - June 9, 2011, for which B.K.A. organized

a session of the working group on precursors dedicated to the implementation of

the European Pact;

- 4th Workshop – “Operational Cooperation”, held in The Hague/The Netherlands on

November 30, 2011, in cooperation with EUROPOL.

Activities 2011

Activities No.

Meetings within the United Nat ions 7

Meetings within the European Union 34

Visits of delegations 12

International meetings 21

Meeting with the DEA Regional Director – July 2011

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Also at EU level, D.C.S.A. takes part in the works of the “Dublin group”1.

Such group meets in Brussels once in a semester to examine the issues emerged in

the reports drawn up by the countries in charge of the following geographic areas:

South-West Asia, South-East Asia and Pacific, Central Asia, East Europe, Middle East

and Balkans, Africa, Caribbean area and Latin America.

With reference to the above mentioned geographic areas the so called “Mini

Dublin Groups” were set up, in which representatives of the local Embassies of the

Member countries, Law Enforcement Attachés and Liaison Officers and sometimes

representatives of the Governments of the hosting countries participate. Such

subgroups ensure effective information exchange at regional level and coordination

of the assistance in favour of the beneficiary countries.

Italy chairs the Mini Dublin Group for Central Asia. Within U.N.O.D.C. (United Nation

office on Drug and Crime)2 cooperation is carried out mainly during the annual session

of the United Nations Commission on Narcotic Drugs (C.N.D.), the U.N. agency in

charge of orienting the drug strategy. During the 54th session, 16 resolutions were

presented and approved, among them the Italian resolution concerning rehabilitation

strategies in the drug addiction field, which was co-sponsored by 46 delegations.

Also at UN level the Direzione Centrale per i Servizi Antidroga participated in the XXI

meeting of H.O.N.L.E.A3 (Head of National Drug Law Enforcement Agencies) Latin

America and Carribean, held in Santiago de Chile from October 3 to 7, 2011. During

this meeting several recommendations were approved urging some states to carry

1 The Dublin Group is an informal group set up in 1990, whose task is the coordinated assessment of the regional cooperation policies in favour of drug transit and production countries.

2 UNODC is the agency set up in 1997 as world leader in the fight against drugs and organized crime. It is seated in Vienna and avails itself of 21 local offices and liaison officers in New York. 90% of its budget consists of government contributions. It took over the functions previously carried out by UNDCP (United Nations International Drug Control Programme). UNODC’s task is to assist member states in the fight against drugs, crime and terrorism. The three Pillars of UNODC programme are: research and analysis to improve the knowledge and understanding of drug and crime issues, legislative work aimed at assisting member states in ratifying and implementing international treaties, development of the national drug legislation on drugs, crime and terrorism and the cooperation projects to improve member state potential in the fight against illicit drugs, crime and terrorism.

3 It is a technical-operational group in which the Heads of National Drug Agencies, belonging to the same geographical area, participate (Honlea Europe – Honlea Africa – Honlea Asia and Pacific – Honlea Latin America and Caribbean . This group aims at improving international cooperation between drug agencies in the field of drug trafficking.

out a harder fight against drugs and precursors trafficking as well as against the

laundering of drug proceeds.

In 2011 DCSA also took part in:

- the 16th Asia-Pacific Operational Drug Enforcement Conference (ADEC) organized

by the Japanese police in Tokyo in February;

- the meetings of the Paris Pact Consultative Group held in Vienna in March and

December;

- the meeting of the Pompidou Group organized in Brussels in September;

- the 1st extraordinary Ameripol4 (Police Community of the Americas) meeting, held

in December in Cancun/Mexico.

With regard to bilateral cooperation, in 2011 DCSA carried out the following initiatives:

it participated in drawing up, signing and organizing:

- the bilateral cooperation agreement on preventing and combating illicit trafficking

in narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and their precursors between the

Government of the Italian Republic and the Government of the Islamic Republic of

Afghanistan (signed in Rome on 2.6.2011);

- the memorandum of Understanding in the police cooperation field between the

Department of Public Security of the Ministry of the Interior of the Italian Republic

and the Órgano Administrativo Desconcentrado Policía Federal Dependiente de la

Secretaría de Seguridad Pública de Los Estados Unidos Mexicanos (signed in Rome

on 10.6.2011);

- the secondment of the Law Enforcement Attaché to Morocco (Rabat);

- the visits to DCSA by the representatives of the foreign counterparts of the

following countries and organizations: Russian Federation, Iran, Hungary, Ecuador,

Germany, Colombia, Egypt, Uzbekistan, Indonesia, UK and Australia.

The Director participated in:

- defining an operational protocol in Belgrade, aimed at improving the information

exchange within drug enforcement activity (January 26 – 27, 2011);

- the “Euro-Africa Conference” held in Naples and concerning: illegal immigration,

4 It was set up in 2007 and aims at strengthening technical-scientific assistance, strategic and operational information exchange, criminal investigation and judicial assistance in different sec-tors of organized crime. Italy participates in its meetings as an observer.

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human trafficking, drug trafficking, organized crime and terrorism (February 8 – 9,

2011);

- the opening and closing ceremony in Mexico City of the antidrug training stage

(March 8 – 14, 2011);

- XXVIII International Drug Enforcement Conference (IDEC), organized by U.S.

D.E.A. in Cancun/Mexico (April 4 – 8, 2011);

- the Ministerial Conference on the fight against transatlantic cocaine trafficking

between Latin America and Western Africa held in Paris on May 10, 2011.

oFFIce For coordInatIon and pLannIngThe main task of the Office for Coordination and Planning is to connect D.C.S.A. with

the other offices of the Ministry of the Interior – Department of Public Security-and

with the other public or private administrations and agencies involved in the fight

against drugs and drug addictions.

This Office, headed by a senior officer of the Civil Administration of the Ministry of

the Interior , increases the value of the Direzione Centrale by linking it with the civil

society and the other institutions operating in the fight against drugs. Through this

office, DCSA also operates in the demand reduction sector.

In particular, in 2011 this Office carried out the following activities:

Joint institutional cooperation

In the framework of joint institutional cooperation among players involved in the

prevention and fight against the diffusion of drug addictions, the Office for Coordination

and Planning maintains contacts with the Presidency of the Council of Ministers, in

particular with the Department for Antidrug Policies that is in charge of combining all

antidrug initiatives, including those implementing EU directives.

Early warning system

The Direzione Centrale per i Servizi Antidroga cooperates at national level in the “Early

Warning System” , realized in the framework of the European “Early Warning System”

Programme.

The main goal of this system is to reduce the negative effects of the new substances

appearing on the illegal markets and often diffused through the Internet, intercepting

at an early stage the new trends in drug diffusion and consumption and adopting the

more suitable measures so to provide a quick and effective response.

This system, adopted in Europe based on the decision 2005/387/JHA of the European

Council, provides for the creation of national Monitoring Centers in the EU member

states, coordinated by the EMCDDA in Lisbon. Such national Monitoring Centres are in

charge of collecting information, each for its own country, concerning newly appeared

narcotic substances and new market and consumption trends. In this framework, the

Direzione Centrale per i Servizi Antidroga, on behalf of the Ministry of the Interior,

cooperating with the other national centres belonging to the Early Warning System

(law enforcement agencies, local health agencies, national laboratories, hospitals,

poison centres, first aid centres, etc.) plays a crucial role providing the System with

all information on the drug phenomenon collected by the Police Forces at national

level. The information gathered by the different cooperating centres is transmitted to

the National Focal Point and diffused through the network connecting the single Focal

Points (REITOX network). From there such information is sent to the relevant private

and public institutions in the different European countries.

Meeting with the Egyptian delegation – September 2011

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Coordination and planning

As in previous years, also in 2011 the Office in question carried out its programming

duties aimed at drawing up the Minister’s Annual Directive.

The Office also coordinated the periodic monitoring of the activities carried out by

D.C.S.A. in the strategic and management control.

traInIngIn 2011 the Training Section of DCSA continued to foster and organize drug

qualification and refresher courses in favour of the different national and foreign

drug law enforcement agencies.

In particular the Direzione Centrale per i Servizi Antidroga hosted courses and

seminars which were highly appreciated also by foreign authorities

In the fight against drug trafficking training is considered to be a core issue both at

the national and the international level since it allows officers to keep pace with the

latest trends and modus operandi of criminal organizations

Foreign agencies increased their requests for an exchange in terms of training.

The training programmes were more and more orientated around technical and

operational matters.

There was an exchange of expertise between Italy and foreign counterparts. Indeed

representatives of foreign and Italian drug agencies participated in the courses both

as teachers and as attendees, proving their interest in the problem and consolidating

the cooperation between the different law-enforcement agencies.

At EU level DCSA constantly participated in the courses organized by the Police

European Academy (CEPOL):

The Direzione Centrale per i Servizi Antidroga is also candidate of the new 2007/2013

ISEC (Internal Security) financial programmes in the field of training and in other

forms of exchange between law-enforcement officers.

In 2011 different training courses and visits were organized at national and international

levels, specifically:

National Level

At DCSA Headquarters:

• Visit to DCSA of officials attending the 108th course R.N. “Piave Vecchio 3” and the

7th course R.A. “Idra” of the Guardia di Finanza Academy within their study tour

in Italy, September 16, 2011 ;

• XXI Course for “Undercover agents” destined for the personnel belonging to the

intermediate ranks (non-commissioned Officers) of the three main national law-

enforcement agencies, November 21- December 2, 2011;

• Seminar for “Undercover agents” destined for all personnel belonging to the three

main national law-enforcement agencies, December 12-13.

Outside DCSA:

• XI Course for “ Heads of the Specialized Drug Units” at the Italian Inter-Agency

Meeting with the Hungarian police delegation – March 2011

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College of Advanced Police Studies for Law Enforcement Officials and Senegal law-

enforcement representatives, September 12-16, 2011.

Assistance for training courses in favour of other law-enforcement agencies:

• 22nd Qualification Course for Dog Unit Handlers of the State Police – teaching

assistance;

• Refresher course destined for the staff of the Vatican’s Inspectorate for Public

Security in the Vatican;

• Conference on the “World Production and International Trafficking in Narcotics

Drugs” at the Training and Specialization Centre of the Guardia di Finanza in

Orvieto, January 18, 2011;

• “Interregional Seminar on the fight against drug and chemical precursors trafficking

in North-East Italy” at the State Police Cadet School in Trieste destined for law

enforcement senior officers/officials, June 7-10

• “Training course on fine mechanics” at the Central Directorate of the Criminal

Police, October 10-14;

• Conference on “Drug World Production and International trafficking” at the Training

and Specialization Centre of the G. di F. in Orvieto, October 12;

• Conference on “Drug World Production and International trafficking” at the

Training and Specialization Centre of the G. di F. in Orvieto, November 2.

International Level

Within the programme of the NATO-RUSSIA Council , “Pilot Project for Counter-

narcotics Training of Afghan, Pakistani and Central Asian Countries personnel”, DCSA

provided its assistance in the

following initiatives:

• 5 courses in favour of

representatives of the law-

enforcement agencies of the

above-mentioned geographical

areas, held at the Training

Centre in Domodedovo

(Russian Federation). The Italian Law Enforcement Attaché in Moscow took part in

this event;

• Meeting of the “Executive Steering Committee” held at the Turkish Academy

Headquarters against Drug and Organised Crime (TADOC) in Ankara. The Law

Enforcement Attaché in Ankara took part in the meeting, May 9-11.

International Police Cooperation:

• Training Course on Drugs – Psychotropic Substances, Organized Crime, Money

Laundering and Technical means in favour of different Mexican Law-Enforcement

agencies involved in the drug fight and of a representative of Guatemala and San

Salvador, organized by a DCSA team in Mexico City, February 26-March 3;

• Basic Drug Training Course, organized by a DCSA team in favour of different drug

law-enforcement agencies of Senegal in Dakar, April 11-15;

• Course on drug-related subjects organized upon request of the Central Directorate

of the Criminal Police and taken by a DCSA training team in Sarajevo in favour of

representatives of the law-enforcement agencies of Bosnia, December 5-9,

• Course for “Undercover Agents and Supervisors” organized by BKA in Wiesbaden,

March 21-April 8. A DCSA representative attended this course.

Participation in the activities of the Police European Academy – CEPOL.

As attendees:

• CEPOL Course “Train national European Funding Officer”, October 10-14, Paris

(France);

• CEPOL course “Fighting against drugs”, November 22-25, Sofia (Bulgraia);

• CEPOL Course “Crime Intelligence Risk Assessment & Intelligence led policing”,

November 28-December 2, Münster (Germany).

As teachers:

• CEPOL course “Fighting against drugs”, November 22-25, Sofia (Bulgaria).

technIcaL-LogIstIc supportThe Direzione Centrale per i Servizi Antidroga provides its technical and logistic

support to the law-enforcement agencies and offices fighting against drug syndicates.

The Technical Equipment and Car Fleet Section of DCSA temporarily provides audio/

Training activities

Activities No.

Training courses in favour of foreign police services 5

Refresh seminars in favour of Italian police officers 7

Courses in favour of Undercoverofficers/agents 2

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gps equipment and authorizes vehicle rental.

The great availability of updated high-tech means and of specialized officers within

the Technical Equipment Section allows to:

- install sophisticated equipment for room bugging, satellite location, video and

photo taking;

- organize training courses on the use and disguise of technical equipment in

favour of foreign drug law enforcement agencies.

In 2011 the assistance of the Technical Equipment Section can be summarized as

follows:

- missions in Italy (40 days), missions abroad (No.

5);

- training courses abroad in favour of the Bosnian

police, FELCN in Bolivia and of the Federal police in

Mexico (No. 3);

- vehicle rental during criminal police operations

(389 days).

InFormatIon researchDrug trafficking and the social impact of its

consumption have become a more and more complex

phenomenon.

The multi-disciplinary approach based on analysis,

statistics and information plays a key role in

outlining future scenarios, national and international

situations and making forecasts.

Intelligence, in particular, allows to outline scenarios

and trends through and in-depth analysis of:

- data on world production areas and relevant levels

of production;

- information on drug flows and criminal organizations

managing the different stages;

- movement of precursors and essential chemicals;

- main drug operations;

- statistical data on the arrest of the subjects involved in illicit drug trafficking and

drug seizures.

Moreover the analysis of the complex market of drugs must also takes into account

the profile of drug supply and demand as well as the dynamics of the illicit exchange.

The analysis of such data, which are fundamental to have a clear picture and get

useful information to target drug law enforcement activity, is carried out at strategic

Visit of the Guardia di Finanza Academy attendees – September 2011

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and operational levels.

The operational analysis follows a multistep process, i.e. information development:

gathering, evaluation, processing, analysis and release. The analysts, working along

with investigators, organize information in a systematic, specialized and harmonized

way whenever investigations highlight one or more crossovers or when the amount

of information is such that the assistance of experts is needed. The connections

between investigations are identified (subjects, telephone numbers, etc.) and made

visible with the help of a dedicated software . This makes it possible to understand

situations which otherwise are difficult to describe.

The analysis carried out helps law enforcement authorities with their enquiries,

supporting the coordination activity and providing information useful to target

investigations.

Specifically, operational analysis allows:

- to identify the subjects and their roles within the organization;

- to trace back the drug and money transfer flows;

- to highlight the marginal aspects of the investigations, suggesting possible new

investigative leads;

- to rapidly inform DCSA Law Enforcement Attachés in order to establish contacts

with foreign counterparts or foreign drug experts stationed in Italy.

In 2011, it was possible to draw up 83 analysis reports as a result of the cooperation

between DCSA Operational service and the local drug units.

Strategic analysis allows to draw up situation reports on the problems connected

to the drug phenomenon. In this case, the data are developed by criminal analysts

through the use of dedicated software as well as institutional and open sources, such

as:

- information from the Internet, newspapers reports, specialized magazines, field

studies carried out by category associations;

- surveys by social research centres.

The goals of strategic analysis are:

- to allocate resources in a proper way, selecting the best counteracting methods

and techniques;

- to assess the general trends of the drug phenomenon in all its aspects, that is

to identify the drug routes, the connections with organized crime, the modus

operandi used by traffickers, etc.

In 2011 the following reports were issued:

- 138 reports on the situation of the fight against drug trafficking in foreign states and

the relations with Italy in the field of counternarcotics activity and cooperation to

better organize the meetings between the Direzione and its foreign counterparts;

- 87 information reports to support DCSA active participation in international

meetings and Europol AWFs.

Colombian officers – September 2011

MINISTERODELL’INTERNO

DIPARTIMENTO DELLA PUBBLICA SICUREZZA

DIREZIONE CENTRALEPER I SERVIZI ANTIDROGA

a cura della:Direzione Centrale per i Servizi AntidrogaVia Torre di Mezzavia, 9/12100173 RomaTel. 0646523000direzione.antidroga@interno.it