FOREWORD

This report was prepared at the request of the Office of Industrial

Programs, U. S. Department of Energy (DOE-INDUS), by Mr. Eugene R. Koehl,

Argonne National Laboratory. The information contained here was obtained

from various manufacturers and industry vendors via telephone, mail, and

personal contacts. Due to the rapid increase of NASA licensees in recent

months, and the failure of earlier licensees to respond to literature

requests, contact with all the licensees has not been possible.

1i

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Pag

ABSTRACT v

INTRODUCTION 1

Purpose 1

Background 1

MARKET IDENTIFICATION 4

COST ANALYSIS 5

STATUS OF THE COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT 8

RECOMMENDATIONS 10

REFERENCES 12

APPENDICES

A - LIST OF SINGLE-PHASE MANUFACTURERS RESPONDING TO REQUEST FORPRODUCT LITERATURE AND COST DATA Al

B - LIST OF THREE-PHASE MANUFACTURERS RESPONDING TO REQUEST FORPRODUCT LITERATURE AND COST DATA Bi

C - SUMMARY OF KNOWN ELECTRONIC POWER-FACTOR CONTROL MANUFACTURINGACTIVITIES Cl

D - IVECO TRIP REPORT AND STATUS SUMMARY Dl

E - ERI TRIP REPORT AND STATUS SUMMARY El

F - STATUS OF NASA/DOE INTERAGENCY AGREEMENT Fl

G - NASA STATUS REPORT TO DOE ON POWER-FACTOR CONTROL DEVELOPMENT G1

iii

LIST OF TABLES

A - ELECTRIC-MOTOR POPULATION (1977)

B - ELECTRIC-MOTOR USE STATISTICS

C - CONSERVATION POTENTIAL FOR AVERAGE MOTORS WITHIN VARIOUS HORSEPOWERRANGES

D - 5- AND 10-HORSEPOWER, SINGLE- AND THREE-PHASE, MOTOR ANNUALOPERATING EXPENSES AND ANNUAL SAVINGS AT 10% REDUCTION IN POWERCONSUMPTION

E - PROJECTED PAYBACK AND LIFE-CYCLE COSTS FOR SELECTED MANUFACTURERS

F - POWER-FACTOR CONTROL MANUFACTURERS (9/26/80) - RESPONDENTS TOJUNE 1980 REQUEST FOR PRODUCT INFORMATION

LIST OF FIGURES

1. Determination of power factor.

2. Distribution of manufacturerscontro11ers.

3. Distribution of manufacturerscontrollers.

of single-phase power-factor

of three-phase power-factor

iv

ABSTRACT

This report assesses the development of the electronic power-factorcontrol technology as it applies to use with alternating-current in-duction motors.

Most of the data gathered here was initiated through a simple ques-tionnaire which was sent to the known NASA licensees in June 1980.Selected respondents to this questionnaire were contacted regarding thedevelopment status of the three-phase controller.

Additional information was accumulated via contact with two smallcompanies operating under contract with the Marshall Space Flight Center,located in Huntsville, Alabama, for the purpose of developing a market-able technology and a competitive atmosphere.

The report indicates the development status and problem areas ofsingle-phase and three-phase controls as of October 1980.

V

1

INTRODUCTION

Purpose: This study was undertaken for the Department of Energy (DOE) toevaluate the current status of the electronic, induction-motor, power-factor control (PFC), to identify the potential market of this device andthe potential savings this device could produce in the United States energyeconomy.

Included in this study are a status report of the Interagency Agreement,No. DE-AI01-79CS40240 between NASA and DOE, and recommendations regardingfuture efforts of the DOE in the demonstration and commercialization ofthe power-factor control technology.

Background: Energy is rapidly becoming an expensive national resource. In-flation is increasing the costs of energy production at an alarming rate,while at the same time, the demand for energy is increasing. Our economyand the quality of our life style is based on our ability to produce andconsume energy.

The workhorse of the manufacturing industry is the electric motor. Withoutit, the quantity, quality, and variety of goods produced by industry wouldbe impossible. Table A 'lists various horsepower categories and relatesthe quantities of each category in use and the amount of power consumed byeach category in 1977. Several hundred million electric motors are in use

TABLE A - ELECTRIC-MOTOR POPULATION' (1977)

E1 QUANTITYPOWER, I(hp)(x 106) (T) (109 kWh) (')

1/6 to <1 658.4 90.27 30.5 2.47

1 to 5 54.6 7.49 33.9 2.75

5 to 20 10.4 1.93 103.4 8.38

20 to 50 3.3 0.45 155.2 12.58

50 to 125 1.7 0.23 337.7 27.37

>125(2) 1.0 0.14 573.3 46.46

Totals 729.4 1234.0

FOOTNOTES:

(1) Motors between 5 and 125 hp represent 2.11% of the population and con-sume 48.3% of energy. This population promises the greatest energy-conservation potential, since it consists mainly of induction ac motors.

(2) Although significant numbers of induction motors are manufactured inlarger sizes, no data are available on the power consumed or conserva-tional potential of these units.

2

in the United States today and are being purchased at the rate of 50 mil-lion units per year. Of these 50 million, 1.13 million are ac inductionmotors in the 5-hp and over range, which are responsible for 94.8% of allthe energy consumed by electric motors. Total national energy productionin 1977 was 76 quads (1015 Btu) or 13,102 x 106 equivalent barrels of oil.Of this the electric-motor population consumed 18.3%, 13.9 quads, or 2396x 106 equivalent barrels gf oil. (Electric motors 5 hp and over consumed12.95 quads, or 2233 x 10 equivalent barrels of oil.) In comparison,automobiles were responsible for 13.5%, 10.26 quads, or 1769 x 106 equiva-lent barrels of oil. Electric motors, then, consumed 35.6% more energythan automobiles.

Of the 13.9 quads of electrical energy produced for electric-motor opera-tion in 1977, only 4.2 quads (726 x 106 equivalent barrels of oil) wereavailable for direct use. Seventy percent of this energy was lost in thegenerating machinery, transmission equipment, and end-use equipment mis-match. Contributing to this loss was energy wasted by induction motorsidling at less than full load.

Induction motors operate on the principle of electromagnetic induction.Power is transferred to a rotating shaft by a magnetic field, establishedby a stationary set of wire coils, located around the shaft, through whichan electric current is made to flow. This current then supplies both areactive power used to establish the magnetic field, and a real power usedto supply the load requirements. These two power cuantities comprise theapparent power drawn by the motor. Apparent power is the product of theline current drawn by the motor and the line voltage applied to the motor.Real power is a portion of the apparent power that produces useful shafthorsepower. Power factor is the ratio of real power to apparent power:

_ real power _ kW (1)p' ' apparent power kVA

or

Real Power (kW) = Apparent Power (kVA) x cos o,

wherecos e = power factor

and0 = angle between the real and apparent power.

Figure 1 is a diagram relating these power quantities.

t opereactive

a gpae power(kVAR)

rea power (kW)

Fig. 1 - Determination of power factor.

3

Induction motors operating at less than full load present a less than opti-mum power factor to the electric utility due to this relationship betweenthe real power used by the motor to do useful work and the reactive powerused to establish the magnetic field within the motor.

In a fully loaded induction motor, real and apparent power are appreciablygreater than the reactive power. The result is a small angle o, or a powerfactor, cos e, that approaches unity. Virtually all the line current is"in-phase" with the line voltage, and apparent power is very nearly equalto real power.

In a lightly loaded motor, relatively little real power is required to ac-commodate the shaft load. However, the reactive power is still requiredto establish motor operation. Reactive power is virtually unchanged fromno load to full load. Thus, the real and apparent power vectors are re-lated to each other by an ever-increasing angle as the load decreases. Thepower factor of an unloaded motor can approach 0.2 or less. In this situa-tion, the motor is largely inductive and the line current is out of phasewith the voltage, lagging it by up to 850. However, the power productionmachinery and distribution equipment must still accommodate the relativelyhigh currents, and significant losses occur due to ohmic heating (9.6 quadsfor 1977).

ploss i2R, (2)

wherei = line current

andR = copper resistance of transmission lines and

transformer windings.

The electronic power-factor controller is designed to sense the phase re-lationship between motor voltage and motor current. As these two quanti-ties diverge from each other, the controller circuit develops an error sig-nal proportional to the current lag. This signal is used to control thefiring angle (timing) of a high-power, solid-state switch (dual silicon-controlled rectifiers or a triac). One such switch is used for each phaseto be controlled. This switch controls the voltage to the motor windingby turning on at a time in the voltage cycle determined by the error signal.As the error signal becomes greater, due to a greater phase lag betweenvoltage and current, the switch is shut off for greater portions of thevoltage cycle. This very effectively reduces both the rms voltage and cur-rent supplied to and drawn by the motor. The reduced voltage causes a re-duced shaft torque.

The process repeats itself every half-cycle until the load causes a slightreduction in shaft rpm (increased rotor slip). When this occurs, the in-creased rotor slip initiates a chain of events, which cause the motor cur-rent to become more nearly in phase agreement with the voltage. At thispoint, the error signal is reduced and the applied voltage is just suffi-cient to supply the rotor torque needed to accommodate the reduced shaftload.

4

When the load increases, the current tends to lead the voltage, signalingthe switch to turn on sooner in the voltage cycle until the optimum powerfactor is again achieved.

MARKET IDENTIFICATION

There are two potential markets for the use of power-factor controllers:consumer and industrial.

The consumer market (American households) accounts for approximately 640million motors, 5 hp and less, 87.8% of all electric motors of any type.This vast quantity consumes 5-1/4% of the energy produced for motors. Thetypical motor in this market is used for 220 hours (weighted average) an-nually, is operated from single-phase power, and has a capacity of 0.4 hp.Purchase data indicate the single-phase induction motor comprises slightlymore than 80% of this population.

The industrial market accounts for most (99.9%) of the motors exceeding5 hp, approximately 89 million motors, 12.2% of the entire motor popula-tion. This relatively small quantity consumes 94-3/4' of the energy pro-duced for motor consumption. Thc motors between 5 hp and 125 hp represent2.1% of the population, consume 48.5% of the energy, and are primarilypolyphase induction motors.

The typical industrial motor may be best represented by four size catego-ries as shown in Table B. Although Table B does not show this specifically,generally speaking, the motors in the 5- to %200-hp range are alternating-current, polyphase, induction motors, and they consume about 50% of theenergy produced for motor use. The average use ranges between 1000 hoursannually for the 5- to 50-hp devices, to 3000 hours annually for units ex-ceeding 125 hp.

TABLE B - ELECTRIC-MOTOR USE STATISTICS

Motor Capacity, Annual Energy Average

Horsepower Pona- Average Consumption Efficiency Load

Range Average 7 Hours %

5-20 11.9 1.43 1000 8.38 82.5 60

21-50 32.5 0.45 1000 12.57 87.5 70

51-125 86.7 0.23 2000 27.37 91.0 85

126-5O0* 212 0.14 3000 27.09 94.0 90t

This class of devices includes some synchronous motors and some higher-horsepower motors, but not enough to significantly alter the data.

5

COST ANALYSIS

A properly designed and properly applied power-factor controller may pro-vide energy savings in five areas. First, overall cost is reduced in pro-portion to the reduction in energy consumption. Second, demand charges arereduced owing to the reduced power consumption. Third, improved power fac-tor reduces the cost of poor-power-factor penalties. Fourth, a savings inair-conditioning requi-ements will be realized due to the reduced motortemperature. Finally, useful motor life will be extended owing to the re-duced operating temperatures. The following formulas illustrate cost andsavings computations.

Savings = cost x kWhr Reduction (%). (3)

Cost = 0.746 kW/hp x Rate x Use time x hp, (4)Efficiencywhere

Rate = Cost/kWhr

andUse time = hours of use per billing period.

Motor Longevity Extension - Motor life (windinginsulation life) is doubled for every 10 C reduction (5)in winding temperature.

There are variables to these formulas. Obviously, both rate and time inuse effect cost and kWhr savings directly. Demand charges and poor-power-factor penalties may not be enforced in particular power districts, andmotor life varies from one motor class to another. For motors less than5 hp the average life ranges from 13 to 17 years. For motors less than50 hp, average life ranges from 16 to 26 years. And for motors greaterthan 50 hp, the average life approaches 29 years. Lowering the operatingtemperature by 10*C effectively halves the capital investment in equipment.

Table C represents possible savings for all types and sizes1of motors.This table is based on aggregate motor-classification data, since specificdata on a particular type of motor are not available. It represents pos-sible savings for the average motor within a given horsepower range.

Table D represents annual operating data for typical motors based on anaverage weighted annual use of 1000 hours. The basic assumption inherentin this table is that the motors are not loaded to full capacity and thata 10% energy reduction is feasible. It is also assumed that the motorefficiency does not vary appreciably from the given value with variationsin load.

Table E represents the projected payback period and life-cycle savings forcomparable controls from various manufacturers based on the data from TableD. Table E does not include installation costs nor the cost of motor start/protection equipment. These expenses are assumed to be competitive and con-sistent from one manufacturer to another for a new installation. The costof the power-factor control from manufacturer D reflects the cost of thePFC option only, on a standard line of motor start units.

6

TABLE C - CONSERVATION POTENTIAL~1 FOR AVERAGE MOTORSWITHIN VARIOUS HORSEPOWER RANGES

Motor Size Annual Conservation PotentialUse,

Horsepower Hours Power(2) Operating(3

Range Average Average 106 kWhr Cost

<1 0.26 200 0.0039 $0.19

1-5 2.07 500 0.0772 3.86

5-20 19.4 1000 1.447 72.36

21-50 21.8 1000 1.626 81.31

51-125 86.7 2000 12.936 646.78

126-200 170

201-500 327 3000 4) 114.36 5718.09

>500 2036r/

(1) Assumptions: a) A 10% power reduction is possible.b) An induction ac motor is used.

(2) Power conserved = Avg. hp x 0.746 x hours use x power reduction.(3) Operating cost computed at 5 per kWhr.(4) Average size motor over 125 hp is 511 hp.

TABLE D - 5- AND 10-HORSEPOWER, SINGLE- AND THREE-PHASE,MOTOR ANNUAL OPERATING EXPENSES AND ANNUALSAVINGS AT 10% REDUCTION IN POWER CONSUMPTION

Motor Power 2 Annual Data2

1-Consumed,Size Phase Efficiency 3 4(hp) (n) kWhr Cost Savings

5 1 0.7 5.33 $266.50 $26.65

10 1 0.7 10.66 533.00 53.30

5 3 0.9 4.14 207.00 20.70

10 3 0.9 8.29 414.00 41.40

1) n assumed to be constant over the load range.2) See text.3) Computed from Eq. 4 for 1000 hours use at 5t/kWhr.4) Computed from Eq. 3.

7

TABLE E - PROJECTED PAYBACK AND LIFE-CYCLE COSTSFOR SELECTED MANUFACTURERS

(6) Control Payback Life-CycleMaker Size (5) Period Energy Cost Savings

hp Phase Cost yr mo Without With

A 5 1 $65 6 2 $3997.50 $3597.75 $334.755 3 395 - - 3105.00 2794.50 <84.50>

10 1 (2)--- -- -10 3 620 - - 6210.00 5589.00 1.00

B 5 1 80 4 0 3997.50 3597.75 319.755 3 300 - - 3105.00 2794.50 10.50

10 1 (2) --- ----'n 3 375 - - 6210.0015589.00 246.00

C 5 1 (2) --- --- ---5 3 290 - - 3105.00 2794.50 20.50

D 5 3 100(3) 2 4 1 3105.00 2794.50 210.5010 3 100(3) 5(4 3 6210.00 5589.00 521.00

FOOTNOTES:

(1) Savings = Energy Cost without Control - (Energy Cost with Control +Control Cost), based on a 15-year average motor life.

(2) No control offered in this range.

(3) This amount reflects the price for the power-factor control optionto the standard solid-state motor-control center. The 5-hp starter+ p.f.c. is $1030.00. The 10-hp starter + p.f.c. is $1100.00.Other manufacturers do not offer the p.f.c. as an option, and amotor starter must be purchased separately. (See text.)

(4) This figure reflects payback on the cost of the power-factor controloption only.

(5) Subject to change by manufacturer.

(6) Only two manufacturers (C and D) now offer production models.

The cost payback indicates a generally unsatisfactory payback for thethree-phase control application to small-horsepower motors. Only manufac-turer D, which offers the power-factor control as an option to a standardmotor starter, appears attractive. Twenty-four months is considered asatisfactory payback period. Situations that offer increased power-consumption savings (10% was assumed here) obviously will alter paybackperiods to more favorable values. This analysis does not consider theeffects of demand charges, power-factor penalties, motor longevity, andreduced air-conditioning load.

STATUS OF THE COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT

The development of the power-factor control for industrial use is beingpursued by at least nine companies at this time. Of the nine, only twocompanies are actively marketing the device to a limited degree, and twoare involved in development of the device with NASA (IVECO and ERI).Most of the remainder are active in development. One company was expectedto begin three-phase production of 5- to 10-hp models in October 1980.

Table F lists the companies known to be involved in the development ofthree-phase power-factor controls. The table includes control capacity,projected cost (excluding installation), and delivery information whereavailable.

The power-factor controller is being greeted by industry with mixed emo-tions. A lot of confusion about the ability of the device to perform asclaimed is being generated, in part, by the misapplication of the device,but mainly due to misinformation from "expert" sources and the lack offirm test data or reports that substantiate vendor or expert claims.

Device misapplication may result from overzealous advertisement by a fewof the manufacturers actively involved in the consumer market. Misleadinginformation appears from some companies (licensees), who, for one reasonor another, have become disenchanted with the technology. Complaints inthis area range from excessive payback periods to allegations that the de-vice does not function as claimed, and they are being voiced by engineerswho have "expertise" in the disciplines encountered during the applicationor development of this device. Both the application and complaint prob-lems are compounded by the lack of suitable data, or test programs, thatdemonstrate the function of the device.

Manufacturer advertisement regarding energy-savings potntial must beviewed as generally optimistic. A realistic evaluation of the savingspotential of these devices is limited to a theoretical treatment, at best,due to the myriad of motor classifications resulting from the possiblecombinations of physical and operating parameters, and load applications,f.e., motor design parameters, matching motor capacity to the load, loadvariations, power factor, etc. This theoretical treatment can be obtainedby two means:

1) Use assumed operating parameters and load/use data.2) Formulate savings potential from existing motor-use data.

TABLE F - POWER-FACTOR CONTROL MANUFACTURERS (9/26/80) - RESPONDENTSTO JUNE 1980 REQUEST FOR PRODUCT INFORMATION

Horsepowe age Control Cost 3angCompany 1-Phase 3-Phase 1-Phase 3-Phase Comments

CYNEX 1/16 - 2 1/2 - 400 $40 (1) Fractional hp,110 V, 1 phase only

Electronic 11Relays, Inc. (ERI) 1/12 - 5 (2) $30-85 (2) ---

Energy Vent 1 - 40 2 - 75 $95-325 $130-650 (4), (5)

IVECO 1/16 - 5 1 - 30 (2) (2) ---

K-F Industries 1/2 - 1 10 - 400 (3) $1500-5400 (5)

Nordic Controls 1/3 - 1 1 - 5 $65-125 $250-300 120/240 Vac only

United Energy 1/3 - 15 3 - 100 $46-150 $239-386(6)Technolo'gi es--

Vectrol --- 5 - 400 --- %$700-3500 (5)

Ashlar, Ind. 1/2 - 15 11 - 200 $35-300 $225-3250 Canadian firm

FOOTNOTES:

(1) Development stage only. (2) Developing under NASA contract. (3) No information available.(4) Horsepower capacity derived from full-load rated current: 1-phase, 15 to 100 A

3-phase, 8 to 100 A per phase.(5) Available Options: Overcurrent, Phase Loss, Low Voltage, Phase Reversal, Soft Start, Operation

from 208 through 480 Vac.(6) Cost for 45-, 75-, and 100-hp units not available.(7) Contact manufacturer for availability and delivery: Appendix C.

10

Existing motor data are useful in defining the typical or average machine,i.e., average size, time of use, average % load, average efficiency. How-ever, no information exists on power factor. What part of the apparentpower consumed (generated and paid for) is available for conversion touseful shaft power? This quantity is very rarely determined, except invery large motors (>500 hp), and these are generally synchronous motors,whose power factor is adjusted for a given situation.

A few control-design problems remain to be solved: motor instability,Wye-Delta incompatibility, and phase imbalance.

Motor instability appears to be a problem germane to three-phase systems.It appears to be a function of motor geometry and electromechanical con-struction. Simply put, it is a low-frequency vibration, which occursunder partial load situations-possibly a mechanical resonance stimulatedby the altered voltage or current waveforms. This instability is reportedto occur more likely with a frictional load than an inertial load.

The Wye-Delta problem stems from early design requirements that use theneutral power wire as a reference point for the regulating circuitry.Later designs have eliminated this necessity by selecting (designing) analternative reference point.

Phase imbalance results from independent sensing and control of each phasewinding. Normally, each phase of the motor does not draw exactly the samecurrent as the other. Therefore, if voltage is reduced due to light load-ing, and independent phase control is used, a situation can occur in whichone or two windings are "loafing" while the third is performing the work.The motor is then "single-phasing." Methods have keen devised to preventthis runaway imbalance situation.

Further confusion exists in the ability for inability) of the potentialuser to understand power factor, what it represents, and how it is deter-mined. Instances are known in which the potential user steadfastly refusedto believe true power indications from a three-phase Weston Model 325 watt-meter because it differed from the reading obtained from the power-companyrate meter. The average user does not technically comprehend the informa-tion gathered from various power-measuring devices.

RECOMMENDATIONS

A significant amount of confusion exists concerning electronic power-factor controllers. In the interests of eliminating the confusion andproviding specific ani pertinent information in the application and opera-tion of these devices, a demonstration program should be formulated andimplemented.

This program should define the potential role of electronic power-factorcontrollers in end-use energy conservation. The program should clearlydemonstrate first, the long-term effectiveness of the control devices inthe reduction of wasteful energy consumption, and second, the benefit theuse of these devices will provide consumer, commercial, and industrial users.

11

These goals may be accomplished through the straightforward assessment andapplication of this technology, and by obtaining realistic information re-garding applications, real dollar savings, and payback period. These goalsmay be attained by an evaluation program assisted by both university andindustrial participants. They should be clearly accomplished before theintroduction of this technology (i.e., PFC devices) to industrial testsites.

Testing conducted in typical industrial settings will provide the finalproof of the viability of this technology.

Of the utmost importance is the establishment of application guidelines toassist potential users in making the proper decision in the use of thesedevices. For example: What processes would benefit from the applicationof these devices? What payback period can be reasonably expected? Arealternative choices (technologies) available? Where would the use ofthese devices prove wasteful in terms of time, investment, or energy?The program should provide information regarding power factor and whatpoor power factor means in terms of consumer collars.

The program should define the present technological problems in clear andconcise terms, and offer possible solutions to these problems. For ex-ample, instability is a widely referred to term. All nine three-phasemanufacturers know about this term and can talk about its effects. Butvery few can say what causes the instability or what to do about it.

A primary goal of the program should be the acquisition of long-term actualuse data in order to provide definitive information concerning energy sav-ings, payback periods, and possible effects on measuring and monitoringequipment. To meet this goal, an in-depth study of the present dvicesshould be conducted to determine that these devices are electrically andmechanically reliable, and that undesirable environmental side effects(electromagnetic and electrostatic inference) are neglibible or identifiedand confronted. With these data in hand, potential industrial demonstra-tion sites can be selected with reasonable assurances that the industrialprocess will benefit from their use.

While striving to demonstrate the energy savings, environmental effects,and economics of electronic power-factor controllers, this program shouldexercise care in the area of patent disclosures, and steps should be takento ensure that the program is not used as an "approval agency" or a clear-ing house for particular designs.

In conclusion, the recommended evaluation program should establish thefollowing points as its primary goals.

* Determine the potential role of the electronic power-factorcontrol in end-use energy conservation.

" Demonstrate the economic benefit of the technology to energyend users.

12

" Debunk myths currently surrounding the technology and itsapplication.

" Provide realistic application and payback information throughtests conducted in typical industrial environments.

REFERENCES

1. Classification and Evaluation of Electric Motors and Pumps, Departmentof Energy, Sept 1980, DOE/TIC-ll339.

2. Technical Support Package, N.A.S.A., George C. Marshall Flight Center,Brief No. MFS-23289, "Power Factor Controller."

3. Energy User News, Sept 8, 1980.

4. Assessment of N.A.S.A. Designed Motor Controllers, ECD-80-1, M. M.NcGee and W. H. Chadwick, Energy Conservation Department, OntarioHydro, Feb 1980.

5. Evaluation of Induction Motor Performance Using An Electronic PowerFactor Controller, Electrical Engineering Department of AuburnUniversity, June 1978, under contract to NASA, Marshall Space FlightCenter.

Al

APPENDIX A

LIST OF SINGLE-PHASE MANUFACTURERS RESPONDINGTO REQUEST FOR PRODUCT LITERATURE AND COST DATA

A2

LIST OF SINGLE-PHASE MANUFACTURERS RESPONDINGTO REQUEST FOR PRODUCT LITERATURE AND COST DATA

Company Size Cost

ENERCON, Inc.30044 Lakeland Blvd.Wickliffe, OH 44092

216-585-0610

G&G IndustriesP.O. Box 530

717-733-9396

1/2 - 2 hp, 120 Vacup to 5 hp, 240 Vac

$39.95-83.00$83.00

Note: out of stock; 7 days

up to 5 hp, 115 Vacup to 5 hp, 230 Vac

Note: 3-4 weeks

$75.00$80.00

Energy Technology Corp.2100 Redstone Rd.Huntsville, AL 35803

205-882-0343

Innovation Co.Rt. #1 Lakeshore Dr.Cleveland, WI 53015

414-693-8062

M.H. MARKS Enterprises315 Thornberry Ct.Pittsburgh, PA 15237

412-486-1694

Power Unity SystemsMetropolitan Inc.

P.O. Box 1310298 E. 149th St.New York, NY 10451

212-292-9100

1/2 - 3 hp $28.00-30.00

Note: consult factory

1/16 - 1 hp

up to 2 hp, 120 Vacup to 2 hp, 240 Vac

$22.50 kit

$66.50$71 .50

Note: plug-in

1/2 - 32-1/2 -

@ 240

hp, 120 Vac7-1/2 hpVac

$30.00-65.00$40.00-75.00

Note: plug-in

Bi

APPENDIX B

LIST OF THREE-PHASE MANUFACTURERS RESPONDINGTO REQUEST FOR PRODUCT LITERATURE AND COST DATA

B2

LIST OF THREE-PHASE MANUFACTURERS RESPONDINGTO REQUEST FOR PRODUCT LITERATURE AND COST DATA

Ashlar Industries, Inc.1100 Lansdowne St.Coquitlam, B.C. CanadaV3B 5E2

604-464-3737

CYNEX Manufacturing Corp.28 Sager P1.Hillside, NJ 07205

201-399-3334

Electronic Relays, Inc..1438 Brook DriveDowners Grove, IL 60515

312-620-4646

Energy VentP.O. Box 14145Dayton, OH 45414

KF Industries, Inc.230 W. Dauphin St.Philadelphia, PA 19133

215-425-7710

Nordic Controls Co.155 N. Van Nortwick Ave.Batavia, IL 60510

312-879-7500

United Energy Technologies, Inc.800 43rd St. SouthSt. Petersburg, FL 33711

813-821-3903

IVECO, Inc.5762 Research DriveHuntington Beach, CA

714-891-9922

92649

Vectrol, Inc.110 Douglas Rd.P.O. Box 819Oldsmar, FL 33557

813-855-4621

Cl

APPENDIX C

SUMMARY OF KNOWN ELECTRONIC POWER-FACTORCONTROL MANUFACTURING ACTIVITIES

C2

SUMMARY OF KNOWN ELECTRONIC POWER-Fi CTORCONTROL MANUFACTURING ACTIVITIES

" SUMMARY DATA THROUGH SEPTEMBER 1980

" 117 LICENSEES - JUNE 1980

" 41 LICENSEES HAVE PROVIDED INFORMATION REGARDING PRESENTAND FUTURE MANUFACTURING PLANS

OF THESE 41 RESPONDENTS:

" 15 MAKE SINGLE-PHASE ELECTRONIC POWER-FACTOR CONTROLLERS

" 10 ADVERTISE THREE-PHASE ELECTRONIC POWER-FACTOR CONTROLLERS

" 17 WERE EXPECTED TO INTRODUCE CONTROLS OF VARIOUS CAPACITYIN LATE 1980 AND EARLY 1981

" 9 DO NOT NOW MAKE OR PLAN TO DEVELOP SUCH DEVICES

* 1 FOREIGN FIRM

I5I I

14

13

12

II

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

- I

EQUIPMENT CAPACITY

5 10

HORSEPOWER

Fig. 2 - Distribution of manufacturers of single-phase power-factor controllers.(Based on information from 41 NASA licensees.)

I I

U)

LUc

D

LL

z4

2

IL0

z

0-

1 L I 11 1 i L _ i i

C")

I I

IC

9

S7-

6.

z 5

4--0

oc 3 ----

2 --

I --

0.5 I 5 10 50 100 400

EQUIPMENT CAPACITY, HORSEPOWER

Fig. 3 - Distribution of manufacturers of three-phase power-factor controllers.(Based on information from 41 NASA licensees.)

Dl

APPENDIX D

IVECO TRIP REPORT AND STATUS SUMMARY

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IVECO TRIP REPORT AND STATUS SUMMARY

Trip to IVECO, Inc., 5762 Research Drive, Huntington Beach, CA 92649

Date: September 23, 1980 Telephone: 714-891-9922

Technical Contacts: Edward Yrisarri - PresidentBen Ham - Vice-President

IVECO is a small company newly located to the above address situated ina light industrial district in Huntington Beach, CA. Current productionis limited to prototype three-phase power-factor controls which have beenordered by various commercial concerns for evaluation purposes, i.e.,single-lot quantities.

All circuit design and manufacture is subcontracted to local shops. Onlyfinal assembly, evaluation, and R&D are performed at this location. Thesefunctions are performed by a staff of three management, four or five tech-nicai, and one clerical personnel.

The power-factor control is the only project activity being conducted bythis company. No other products are being manufactured, sold, or develop-ed. All other projects have been shelved for the duration of the currentdevelopment effort, which will be the first production item produced bythis firm.

IVECO has received partial funding from NASA, which currently supplies%34% of all development costs incurred by INVECO. Gross developmental ex-penditures and indebtedness are reported to be near $100K with NASA supply-ing %$33K. Of this $33K, approximately $20K has been spent through mid-September 1980.

The contract with NASA was in effect for a 12-month period which endedin May 1980. Prior to its expiration, IVECO requested an extension dueto problems in the development of the three-phase control which preventeddelivery of suitable items to NASA, Marshall Space Flight Center. A con-tract extension was in effect for 9/17/80 through 11/17/80. During thisperiod, IVECO expected to complete the three-phase control development,deliver 12 satisfactory three-phase controls and six satisfactory single-phase controls to NASA, MSFC, and complete a final report on the project.

During the period between the contract expiration date in May 1980 and thecontract renewal date in September 1980, IVECO cortinued development andtesting of the three-phase control without the support of NASA. IVECOcontinued to submit prototype models to NASA for evaluation and act onrecommendations made by NASA for circuit modification.

The major problem, which has prevented delivery of hardware to NASA orDOE, appears to have been one of stability. It seems that under certain

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partial, frictional load conditions the motor under load experiences se-vere vibration when operating from the power-factor control . This vibra-tion has been described as a low-frequency resonance, which is inherentin the motor design. Further, this resonance is claimed to occur in allthree-phase motors under the appropriate load/voltage supply conditions.The use of the power-factor control excites the resonance, aggravating,not causing, an existing condition.

There are no known problems with the since ;e-phase control, but productionof this item has a lower priority and only two of six units have beendelivered to NASA, MSFC.

IVECO is a small business comprising technically competent people dedi-cated to the development of the power-factor control. In their opinion,the three-phase market presents the most logical area of concern. It isthis market in which the most beneficial cost-payback ratio exists.

IVECO has filed under section 8A of the Small Business Association.Their desire is to be part of future development and demonstration pro-grams.

Eugene R. KoehlComponents Technology DivisionArgonne National LaboratoryArgonne, IL 60439

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El

APPENDIX E

ERI TRIP REPORT AND STATUS SUMMARY

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ERI TRIP REPORT AND STATUS SUMMARY

Electronic Relays, Ind. Date: October 27, 1980National Distribution Center1438 Brook DriveDowners Grove, IL 60515Telephone: 312-620-4646

Technical Contact: Joseph E. Pascente - President

ERI is a small company employing 83 people with sales representatives in23 states, and product distributors in 8 states, for the manufacture ofa series of solid-state, TTL-compatible, electronic relays for switchingapplications of 1/2 through 40 A at up to 480 Vac.

A new product line has been recently introduced consisting of severalmodels of a single-phase, electronic, power-factor controller for usewith ac induction motors ranging in capacity from fractional through 7-1/2horsepower. Current production levels of this new line, and the fractionof company investment and revenues attributable to this new line, are in-determinant at this time.

ERI has been under contract with the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center atHuntsville, Alabama, for the development of a three-phase power-factorcontrol for commercial and industrial use. This contract originally ex-pired in May 1980. However, a written request to Aubrey Smith, NASA, MSFC,generated an approval for an extension of the contract. An official ex-tension was in effect for September 17 through November 17, 1980. Theterms of the contract stipulate that NASA will supply 50"' of the expensesnecessary for the development of a working three-phase power-factor con-trol, in return for 18 single-phase and 6 three-phase controls, in workingcondition, and a final project report. NASA is to be updated on progressin monthly reports.

The single-phase units have been manufactured and delivered to NASA, MSFC,at Huntsville, Alabama. A working three-phase control does not yet exist.The reason cited by NASA in an instability that occurs under partial loadconditions, which cause severe, possibly detrimental, vibrations in themotor. A clear, concise definition of this instability has not been sup-plied by either ERI or NASA. For three months in early 1980, ERI stoppedsending development status reports to NASA in order to devote more timeto the solution of this problem. Apparently a solution has never beenachieved. ERI has subsequently caught up all delinquent reports and iscurrently on time with monthly reporting on development status to NASA.However, since a working three-phase control is nonexistent, the fate ofthe ftnal report is uncertain.

The extent of the expenditures involved in this development by NASA andERI are not known.

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Finally, in line with ERI's secrecy regarding the three-phase control test-ing, only minimal information regarding test locations has been uncovered.Through conversations with a NASA Manufacturing Applications Team (MATeam)member, a local industrial test location has been found. This firm manu-factures machine controls, which, for some undisclosed reason, requiremounting the power-factor control in an explosion-proof enclosure withthe rest of the machine controls. The result is that the only known testlocation inhibits viewing the control operation'

Eugene R. KoehlComponents Technology DivisionArgonne National LaboratoryArgonne, IL 60439

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APPENDIX F

STATUS OF THE NASA/DOE INTERAGENCY AGREEMENT

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STATUS OF THE NASA/DOE INTERAGENCY AGREEMENT

DOE and NASA have entered into an Interagency Agreement designed to en-courage the development and application of power-factor controls to induc-tion motors.

In this agreement, NASA has been assigned the responsibility of engagingtwo capable subcontractors to develop, test, and manufacture these devices.These subcontractors, Electronic Relays Inc. (ERI) of Downers Grove, IL,and IVECO of Huntington Beach, CA, are responsible for testing prototypedevices in no less than five industrial locations and reporting the prog-ress of these tests and developments in monthly reports to NASA. NASA inturn is responsible for reporting on the subcontractors' progress to DOEat a mutually agreed upon interval (assumed to be monthly).

NASA took a benevolent attitude toward both subcontractors due, largely,to the development problems encounter id with the three-phase control, and,in part, to the relatively small size of tie companies and the fact thattheir own capital was invested in the project. Therefore, NASA agreed togrant a six-month extension to the May 1980 contract deadlines with bothfirms.

Due to the "lack of official recognition" of the contract extension, IVECOopted to suspend monthly reporting on product development. However, prod-uct evaluation was still conducted by NASA, and IVECO was proceeding withdevelopment and change recommendations, although they were doing so withoutNASA's financial support. For a time, early in 1980, ERI was forced tosuspend reporting due to development problems. Buty they are presentlycaught up and currently reporting to NASA, Marshall Space Flight Center(MSFC).

NASA shares 50% of the development costs with ERI and 34% with IVECO. Inreturn for this assistance, ERI must supply NASA with 18 single-phase and6 three-phase controls. IVECO must supply 6 single-phase and 12 three-phase controls, primarily because they were involved in the development ofa three-phase device prior to NASA involvement and single-phase develop-ment, and have patentable knowledge of the three-phase device.

Both subcontractors have sent all or some of the single-phase controls toNASA, MSFC, for evaluation (ERI shipped 18 of 18; IVECO shipped 2 of 6).Only prototype quantities (1 or 2) of the three-phase controls have beensent to NASA for evaluation. Thus far, the three-phase controls have notperformed satisfactorily at NASA's evaluation laboratory. NASA has citedinstability problems with both prototypes, and both subcontractors areworking on modifications at this time. (F. J. Nola, of NASA, claims tohave solved all instability problems with his laboratory model.)

Final reports on either single- or three-phase controls are not expecteduntil workable, satisfactory designs are accepted by NASA. Further, it isnot expected that prototype devices will be tested in more than one or twoindustrial locations, until the instability problems are solved.

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APPENDIX G

NASA STATUS REPORT TO DOE ONPOWER-FACTOR CONTROL DEVELOPMENT

OCTOBER 24, 1980

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NASA STATUS REPORT TO DOE ON POWER-FACTORCONTROL DEVELOPMENT - OCTOBER 24, 1980

This is an up-to-date report on both single- and three-phase power-factorcontroller developments.

Two contracts were awarded 13 months ago to accelerate the commercializa-tion of the controller. One is NAS8-33464 with Electronic Relays, Inc.,of Downers Grove, Illinois, and the other is NAS8-33465 with IVECO ofHuntington Beach, California. Since that time, interest has far exceededall expectations with 161 licensees in the United States (see attachedlist) and more than a dozen in foreign countries. Many of the largestcompanies in electrical hardware are now building a version of the con-troller. Because of the rapid commercialization, much of the intent ofthe contracts has been realized.

However, even though the power-factor controller (PFC) was built in modestquantities by the two contractors and other licensees, there is still adearth of quantitative test data on the application of the controller.With both contractors having submitted monthly reports, no significant in-formation has been obtained. A recent visit to both contractors disclosedthat most of their effort is devoted to arriving at a final design thatcan be sold with confidence. Both contractors are pursuing an Underwriter'sLaboratory approval of their units.

Electronic Relays has submitted data from some plant sites where the con-troller was installed as specified in the contract; however, the data weregiven in terms of volt-amperes rather than watts and are not useful.Since being advised of this, the contractor has purchased a watt-hour me-ter, which will be used to obtain additional data for submittal. ElectronicRelays also delivered to the Marshall Center 18 single-phase controllersas specified in the contract. The Marshall Center has not yet evaluatedthe performance of these units.

IVECO has delivered one single-phase controller; however, after comparingthe performance and potential production cost to the NASA design, the firmis expected to change to the NASA design for the remainder of the produc-tion units.

Each contractor has delivered a three-phase unit, but both units were un-stable on low-inertia loads. Most licensees have had a problem deliveringthree-phase units because of instability problems with low-inertia loads.

When the Marshall Center became aware of the instability problem, it de-signed a version of two different methods for driving three-wire, three-phase loads in order to study instability. Proper feedback and compensat-ing networks were designed and added. Good stability has been demonstratedwith both systems on 20 out of 20 motors tested. All motors tested wereinherently unstable with a phase-controlled voltage applied, but could bestabilized by feeding back phase angle in the proper manner.

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Both contractors report that they have incorporated the NASA solution intheir design. The period of performance for both contractors has been ex-tended 6 months. In return, both have agreed to submit additional testdata from in-plant testing.

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LICENSEES

For "Power Factor Control System forU.S. Patent No. 4,052,648:

1. Electronic Relays, Inc.Mr. Joseph E. Pascente1438 Brook DriveDowners Grove, IL 60515Tele: AC312/620-4646

2. IVECOMr. Edward Yrisarri, Jr.17402 Coronado LaneHuntington Beach, CA 02647Tele: AC714/842-2925

3. W. J. Purcell CompanyMr. Desmond J. Neville4315 Myrtle AvenueCincinnati, OH 45236Tele: AC513'791-1131

4. Adalet-PLM DivisionThe Scott & Fetzer CompanyMr. Maw H. Lee4801 West 150th StreetCleveland, OH 44135Tele: AC216/237-9000

5. Electronic Assemblies Co.Mr. Gerald F. Wilkinson1601 Hull StreetRichmond, VA 23224Tele: AC804/231-0132

6. Energy Masters, Inc.Mr. Palmer B. Ford3188 Airway Ave., Bldg. FCosta Mesa, CA 92626Tele: AC714/556-4921

7. N.R.G. Products, Inc.Mr. Fred L. BurbanP.O. Box 512Vineland, NJ 08360Tele: AC609/691-6699

AC Induction Motors"

8. Energy Vent, Inc.Mr. John Prikkel423 Rita StreetDayton, OH 45404Tele: AC513/222-7749

9. Ashlar Industries, Inc.Attn: Bill Stewart1100 Lansdowne St.Coquitlan, British ColumbiaV3B 5E2 CANADA

10. Clinton Industries, Inc.Mr. Angelo Pirrello700 Washington AvenueCarlstadt, NJ 07072Tele: AC201/935-4242

11. M. H. Marks EnterprisesMr. Myles H. Marks315 Thornberry CourtPittsburgh, PA 15237Tele: AC412/486-1694

12. Teledyne Amco, Division ofTeledyne Industries, Inc.Mr. Walter T. CzausP.O. Box 1662Reading, PA 19603Tele: AC215/777-1311

13. Leland Tool CorporationDBA Leland Energy CompanyMr. David Dworsky1888 Century Park EastLos Angeles, CA 90067Tele: AC213/552-2165

14. DECO Industrial DesignsMr. R. Lance Schnupp582 Hamel AvenueGreensburg, PA 15601Tele: AC412/837-7449

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15. American Energy Controls, Inc.Mr. Alan M. Bishop6 Morris AvenueWest Milford, NJ 07480Tel e: AC201/728- 7462

16. Advance Research & DevelopmentMr. Paul E. Skendrovich1743 S. Douglass RoadAnaheim, CA 92806Tele: AC714/937-0655

17. Encon Systems, Inc.Mr. M. B. McMahon504-C Vandell WayCampbell, CA 95008Tel e: AC408/866-1711

18. Electrolock Energy ManagementSystems, Incorporated

Mr. J. G. Crist1280 Court StreetClearwater, FL 33516Tel e: AC813/461-3030

19. Sunbird CorporationMr. James P. Ruegemer6949 Washington Ave., SouthMinneapolis, MN 55435Tele: AC612/944-1437

20. Specific Systems, Ltd.Mr. Larry D. Burch6565-B East Skelly DriveTulsa, OK 74145Tele: AC918/663-9320

21. Linconm CorporationMr. Lawrence R. BurchBox 5234Baltimore, MD 21224Tele: AC301/563-6237

22. Power Control Products,Mr. Larry BuffingtonP.O. Box 10013Clearwater, FL 33517Tel e: AC813/447-7898

Inc.

23. Electronic AssemblyAttn: Mr. Alter L. Dudley23 Martin St.Medford, MA 02155Tele: AC617/391-3444

24. United Energy Technologies, Inc.Attn: Vincent R. Valles800 43rd Street SouthSt. Petersburg, FL 33711Tel e: AC813/ 360-8231

25. K-F IndustriesAttn: Kurt Gruensfelder230 W. Dauphin StreetPhiladelphia, PA 19133Tel e: AC215/425-7710

26. Gilman Services, Inc.Attn: Kalman Shmueli222 Forbes Road, Suite 210Braintree, MA 02184Tele: AC617/288-2500

27. Electronics PlusAttn: Richard A. Flannery22730 Roday St.Canoga Park, CA 91304Tele: AC213/340-5138

28. Power Unit Systems -Metropolitan, Inc.

Attn: Nicholas Anderson298 E. 149th St.New York, NY 10451Tele: AC212/292-9100

29. Walsh ManufacturingAttn: Gregory H. Walsh1984 City Road, C-ZRoseville, MN 55113Tele: AC612/636-5557

30. Brownell Electro, Inc.Attn: Joseph Brown85 Tenth AvenueNew York, NY 10011Tele: AC212/924-6000

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31. Furnas Electric CompanyAttn: Dennis C. Walstad1000 McKee St.Batavia, IL 60510Tel e: AC312/879-6000

32. Chesebrough-Ponds, Inc.Attn: Robert F. Mitchell33 Benedict PlaceGreenwich, CT 06830Tel e: AC203/661-2000

33. Digital Standards, Inc.Attn: Joe A. Goodson11823 E. SlausonSanta Fe Springs, CA 90670

34. Digital Dynamics Inc.Attn: Martin J. Knetynka310 C BreesportSan Antonio, TX 78216Tele: AC512/341-8782

35. Cardinal Control Systems, Inc.Attn: Martin H. Dapot1529 Park Glen CourtReston, VA 22090Tele: AC703/437-0437

36. B & E Electric. Service Co.Attn: Robert L. Bruce1108 S. LocustGreencastle, IN 46135Tel e: AC317/653-3953

37. Steve Wilburn & AssociatesAttn: Steve Wilburn, Pres.410 W. Washington St.Freeburg, IL 62243Tele: AC618/235-5208

38. EMSI, Inc.Attn: Robert A. Swanson7417 Bush Lake RoadEdina, MN 55435Tele: AC612/831-5354

39. Electronic Devices Manuf. Co.Attn: Robert G. RichardsonP.O. Box 247Las Cruces, NM 88001Tele: AC505/524-5171

40. Material Control, Inc.Attn: George B. GreenfelderOne Smoke Tree PlazaSuite 115North Aurora, IL 60542Tele: AC312/892-4274

41. Air Distribution Associates, Inc.Attn: James M. Holmberg955 Lively Blvd.Wood Dale, IL 60191Tele: AC312/595-8800

42. Scientific Energy Co., Inc.Attn: Mr. Enrique E. BianchiChief Executive OfficerP.O. Box 1546Huntsville, AL 35807Tel e: AC205/883-9150

43. Ridgeway Electronics,Attn: W. J. Hynes38 Powhatton StreetAugusta, ME 04330Tele: AC207/622-3171

Inc.

44. Time Mark CorporationAttn: H. L. Moon11440 E. Pine StreetTulsa, OK 74116Tele: AC918/438-1220

45. Energy Controls Co.Attn: Gene CollinsP.O. Box 41423Crosstown StationMemphis, TN 38104Tel e: AC901 /725-6900

46. United States Solar Industries,Inc.

Attn: Ralph C. Barbeau5600 Roswell Rd., NESuite 280, Prado NorthAtlanta, GA 30342Tel e: AC404/252-1870

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47. Harris Manufacturing Co.Attn: Robert C. Harris2710 Colley Ave.Norfolk, VA 23517Tel e: AC804/625-2631

48. E. R. Mertz, Inc.Attn: E. R. Mertz114 Gallows Hill RoadWestfield, NJ 07090Tele: AC201/232-4643

49. Continental Conservation Sys.,Inc.

Attn: W. D. GrammerSuite 610, East Tower9100 Wilshire Blvd.Beverly Hills, CA 90212Tele: AC213/274-7181

50. Lanman EnterprisesAttn: Bruce W. Buchman4696 South Lincoln Rd.Macedon, NY 14502Tel e: AC315/524-7053

51. Solar Specialties, Inc.Attn: Frederick A. Weis5891 Marion DriveDenver, CO 80216Tel e: AC303/623-8670

52. National Industries, Inc.Attn: Kelly IvyP.O. Box 3528Montgomery, AL 36109

55. Colton Creators, Inc.Attn: W. Colton Hough, Jr.93 Garden StreetWestbury, NY 11590Tele: AC516/997-4822

56. Naxos Associates IncorporatedAttn: Steven Tsengas7768 Litchfield DriveMentor, OH 44060Tele: AC216/953-1571

57. Cynex Manufacturing CorporationAttn: Sandor Goldmer28 Sager PlaceHillside, NJ u7205Tele: AC201/399- 145

58. Mr. G. A. Amundson3667 Robin LaneMinnetonka, MN 55343Tele: AC612/938-1749

59. Fluid Scientific, Inc.Attn: W. J. Spencer10801 Satellite Blvd.Orlando, FL 32809Tel e: AC305/851-5310

60. Universal Electronics Systems,Inc.

Attn: Gerald J. Byrnes525-B Pickwick RoadP.0. Box #727Savannah, TN 38372Fele: AC901/925-2515

53. Southeastern ResearchAttn: Allen P. Gilmer190 Wills RoadAlpharetta, GA 30201Tel e: AC404/475-0329

& Dev. Co. 61. Continental Agri-Services, Inc.Attn: David F. BarrP.O. Box 373Blue Earth, MN 56013Tele: AC507/526-3211

54. Hopkins International CompanyAttn: Mr. Harry Hopkins18 South Central AvenueElmsford, NY 10523Tel e: AC914/592-4270

62. Instrument Control Service, Inc.Attn: Willard B. BrownP.O. Box 7126Pensacola, FL 32504Tel e: AC904/968-2191

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63. Westomatic Manufacturing Co.Attn: Jack C. OrndorffP.O. Box 8337Tampa, FL 33674Tele: AC813/886-2311

64. Roseth Newman CompanyAttn: Ronald A. Newman5851 NielsenParadise, CA 95969Tele: AC916/877-2747

65. Electronic Energy SystemsAttn: James R. Green5871 Pittsford-Palmyra Rd.Pittsford, NY 14534Tele: AC716-248-8852

66. JMK, Inc.Attn: James W. KennedyCaldwell DriveAmherst, NH 03031Tele: AC603/883-6496

67. Advanced Assembly ServicesAttn: Dalton L. Backus433 Magnolia Ave.Glendale, CA 91204Tele: AC213/241-2258

68. Merrimac Engineering Inc.Mr. Robert A. Suding10 S. Island Ave.Batavia, IL 60510Tele: AC312/879-6412

69. Sun Shine Power Inc.Attn: Alan Heimlich4534 Fuller St.Santa Clara, CA 95054Tele: AC408/988-8819

70. Texas Eastern ScientificResearch, Inc.

Attn: Larry Hubbard2927 PrestonPasadena, TX 77503Tele: AC713/487-8209

71. Mojica CompanyAttn: L. M. SheridanPost Box 85Corona, CA 91720Tele: AC714/734-6348

72. Thermotron Industries, Inc.Attn: Harlan J. SprikKollen Park DriveHolland, MI 49423Tel e: AC616/392-1491

73. Radio Control CorporationAttn: Howard GooneP.O. Box 48456Niles, IL 60648Tele: AC312/635-0999

74. Record Enterprises LimitedAttn: J. T. Record2038 Kalaniariaole Ave.Hilo, HI 96720Tel e: AC808/961-6730

75. LAB-TRONICSAttn: Hugh D. JaegerBox 171Rogers, MN 55374Tele: AC612/474-3400

76. Energy Technology, Inc.Attn: John H. StokesP.O. Box QLas Cruces, NM 88001Tele: AC505/524-8615

77. Ecolotronics, Inc.Attn: Robert A. CasterlineDundee CenterSans Souci ParkwayHanover TownshipWilkes-Barre, PA 18702Tele: AC717/735-8982

78. FSIAttn: R. C. Davison1894 Commercenter W. #105San Bernardino, CA 92408Tele: AC714/889-7623

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79. Technology Dynamics Inc.Attn: Aron Levy45 Old Hook RoadWestwood, NJ 07675Tele: AC201/664-7636

80. Holiday House, Inc.Attn: James R. Gray905 South Fort Harrison Ave.Clearwater, FL 33516Tel e: AC813/441-8104

81. Solid State Relays, Inc.Attn: Jim Shaver213 Eisenhower Lane SouthLombard, IL 60148Tele: AC312/932-1660

82. Coherent Systems, Inc.Attn: Michael MorganP.O. Box 339Fairfield, IA 52556Tele: AC515/472-5149

83. Carl E. Holmes Co., Inc.Attn: Carl E. Holmes107 No. Ave. 64Los Angeles, CA 90042Tele: AC213/256-2255

84. TEN-TEC, Inc.Attn: Jack BurchfieldIndustrial ParkSevierville, TN 37862Tele: AC615/453-7172

85. Development Sciences,Attn: Joe MargowskyP.O. Box 1264City of Industry, CATele: AC213/330-6865

Inc.

91749

86. Energy Technology CorporationAttn: Robert V. Allen2100 Redstone RoadHuntsville, AL 35803Tel e: AC205/882-0343

87. K R Electronics, Inc.Attn: Joseph Kiall91 Avenel StreetAvenel, NJ 07001Tele: AC201/636-1900

88. Bell Audio Systems, Inc.Attn: Joseph B. Beach994 Freeway Dr. NorthColumbus, OH 43229Tele: AC614/846-2766

89. Control Electronics Company, Inc.Attn: Steve Hodge11035 Harry Hines 214Dallas, TX 75229Tele: AC214/350-6714

90. EltexAttn: Leslie R. ReevesP.O. Box 7807Atlanta, GA 30357Tele: AC404/881-8279

91. Go Enterprises, Inc.Attn: Gary GriffinP.O. Box 191Sallisaw, OK 74955Tele: AC918/775-9380

92. Vectrol, Inc.Attn: Nicholas G. Muskovac110 Douglas RoadP.O. Box 819Oldsmar, FL 33557Tele: AC813/855-4621

93. KyberneticsAttn: Stephen D. Pearce14 Malabu DriveHighlands Heights, KY 41076Tele: AC606/441-9379

94. G&G IndustriesAttn: N. James GehmanP.O. Box 53Ephrata, PA 17522Tele: AC717/773-9396

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95. Universal Security Instruments,Inc.

Attn: Howard L. Rose (Attorney)P.O. Box 34436Washington, DC 20034Tele: AC301/299-2320

96. B & B ElectricAttn: D. A. Townsend2828 Ford StreetOakland, CA 94601Tele: AC415/534-6800

97. Static Controls CorporationAttn: Paul Hengstebeck26325 W. Eight Mile RoadDetroit, MI 48240Tele: AC313/537-2975

98. Industrial Electrical ControlsCorp.

Forest Products Div. of U.S.Natural Resources, Inc.

Attn: William E. Shaw7500 N.E. 16th Ave., Suite #AVancouver, WA 98665Tele: AC206/696-0743

99. PHASE-INAttn: Gerald A. HowellRt. 5, Box 25Philadelphia, MS 39350Tele: AC601/656-3384

100. Telephonic, Inc.Attn: Robert B. Danek, Pres.1330 San Pedro, N.E.Albuquerque, NM 87108Tele: AC505/265-8895

101. Seattle Electronic ResearchCorp.

Attn: Michael J. Clanton, Pres.1104 Mercer St.Seattle, WA 98109Tele: AC206/624-4109

102. Innovation CompanyAttn: James R. VoigtRt. #1 Lakeshore Dr.Cleveland, WI 53015Tele: AC414/693-8062

103. Application Engineering Corp-oration

Attn: C. E. Waters, Pres.850 Pratt Blvd.Elk Grove Village, IL 60007Tele: AC312/593-5000

104. J. Swaziek & AssociatesAttn: J. Swaziek1515 N. Highland Ave.Arlington Heights, IL 60004Tele: AC312/253-5882

105. Systems TechnologyAttn: Chris PyleP.O. Box 588Knoxville, TN 37901Tele: AC615/691 -4956

106. Reuland Electric CompanyAttn: R. D. Lapenieks17969 East Railroad St.Industry, CA 91744Tele: AC213/964-6411

107. Dynamic Instrument Corp.Attn: H. E. Sulger, Jr.933 L. I. Motor ParkwayHauppauge, NY 11787Tele: AC516/234-2900

108. Mr. Gerald Douglas Opfer8724 Via Diego Ct.Lakeside, CA 92040Tele: AC714/561-5947

109. Electro Shield, Inc.Attn: Jim LeubaP.O. Box 476Yellow Spring, OH 45387Tele: AC513/767-1054

110. Instrumentation & ControlSystems, Inc.

Attn: G. H. Servos520 Interstate RoadAddison, IL 60101Tele: AC312/543-6200

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111. Oil Well Pumping SystemAnalysts, Inc.

Attn: Robert M. Warwick1854 TucsonLewisville, TX 75056Tele: AC817/566-1411

112. Alternate Technological Co.Attn: Mr. Raymond J. McAllise1812 Bruce St.Canal Fulton, OH 44614Tele: AC216/854-3217

113. Demmer Engineering & Machine Co.Attn: D. A. Chubb4500 N. Grand River Ave.Lansing, MI 48901Tele: AC517/321-4500

114. Kelley's R&D MachiningAttn: Mr. Kelley5111 Santa Fe St. - Suite KSan Diego, CA 92109Tele: AC714/272-4310

115. Paul E. J. Nelson ElectricAttn: Paul E. J. Nelson4712 Coffey LaneMinneapolis, MN 55406Tele: AC612/721-1331

116. AMEX International Corp.Attn: Angel Nunez, Esq.2700 Broadway - Suite 8New York, NY 10025Tel e: AC212/864-7200

117. Tympanium Corp.Attn: Barry H. Wiley116 Cummings ParkWoburn, MA 01801Tele: AC617/935-7790

118. Western Pacifica International/Darmony & Son, Inc.

Attn: Ruben Jauregui or RayKellerman

12028 Vose St.North Hollywood, CA 91605Tele: AC213/256-3630 or

998-3991

119. Unico, Inc.Attn: Tom Beck3725 Nicholson RdFranksville, WI 53126Tele: AC414/886-5678

120. ECA, Inc.Attn: Craig F. Cheng, Pres.332 King's CoveLisle, IL 60532Tele: AC312/964-0514

121. Conserve Associates, Inc.Attn: Henry Moglia1145 Mackinac DriveSt. Louis, MO 63141Tele: AC314/569-0083

122. SymCom, Inc.Attn: Clifford Dunham528 Kansas City StreetRapid City, SD 57701Tel e: AC605/348-5580

123. Fincor, Incom International,Inc.

Attn: James E. Wills3750 East Market StreetYork, PA 17402Tel e: AC717/757-4641

124. Rebel Electronics, Inc.Attn: Stuart F. Graydon, Sr.3172 Mobile Hwy.Montgomery, AL 36108Tele: AC205/832-4444

125. Gentron CorporationAttn: Lance Kaufman6667 North Sidney PlaceMilwaukee, WI 53209Tele: AC414/351-1660

126. Preferred Electric PowerSystem, Inc.

Attn: Ms. Priscilla Sananman11 Newton PlaceHauppauge, NY 11787Tele: AC516/234-0333

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127. Mr. Gordon ReigleP.O. Box 150Midland, TX 79702Tele: AC915/682-4012

128. Future TechAttn: Curtis VancuraP.O. Box 10629Phoenix, AZ 85064

129. Custom Energy ControlAttn: Lawrence R. McSorley404 So. 30th StreetHeath, OH 43055Tele: AC614/522-5821

130. Femco Division - GultonIndustries

Attn: Gregory CulpepperBox 33 - 2000 Bethel Dr.High Point, NC 27261Tele: AC919/887-2611

131. Radgra Energy Systems, Inc.Attn: W. David Grammer4424 W. Pico Blvd.Los Angeles, CA 90019Tele: AC213/937-8340

132. Joe Gorman Electric DBAComputer Power Co.

Attn: Joe Gorman23731 Mariano StreetWoodland Hills, CA 91346

133. Firing Circuits, Inc.Attn: Charles H. FlynnMuller Ave. - P.O. Box 2007Norwalk, CT 06852Tele: AC203/846-1633

134. Precision Mfg. Co., Inc.Attn: Marshall V. Ledwick2159 Valley St.Dayton, OH 45404Tele: AC513/236-4055

135. Autotech Corp.Attn: Shalli Kumar, Pres.904 Westwood AvenueAddison, IL 60101Tele: AC312/543-9690

136. Micro-Power, Inc.Attn: Paul J. Landino365 Demarest DriveOrange, CT 06477Tele: AC203/795-3270

137. El Chaz CorporationAttn: L. C. Perry8639 Navajo RoadSan Diego, CA 92119Tele: AC714/461-6555

138. 0. B. Nelson, Inc.Box 1119Forney, TX 75126Tele: AC214/552-3658

139. PAK Manufacturing, Inc.Attn: John Paek1651 State StreetDeKalb, IL 60115Tel e: AC815/ 758-5544

140. Jiro Electronics, Inc.Attn: James G. FoustP.O. Box 2707Rochester, NY 14626Tele: AC716/225-4989

141. Sprague Electric CompanyAttn: Vincent H. Sweeney87 Marshall StreetNorth Adams, MA 02147Tele: AC413/664-4411

142. Kilo Watt-ch Dog, Inc.Attn: Howard Moskowitz150 Broadhollow RoadMelville, NY 11746Tele: AC212/258-7171

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143. Margaux Controls, Inc.Attn: Joseph F. Emery2302 Walsh AvenueSanta Clara, CA 95050Tele: AC405/988-8770

144. A & J IndustriesAttn: Allie E. BurginP.O. Box 7022Moore, OK 73160Tel e: AC405/794-6667

145. Span America General Corp-oration

Attn: Dennis E. Fuller, Pres.P.O. Box 408 - U.S. 12 EastUnion, MI 49130Tele: AC616/641-2156

146. AMBI-TECH Industries, Inc.Attn: Matthew C. Baum, Pres.319 Knickerbocker Ave.Hillsdale, NJ 07642Tele: AC201/666-0504

147. Chatham CrestAttn: John F. Cirino, Pres.Ridgevale RoadChatham, MA 02633Tele: AC617-432-1755

148. All-Tronics, Co.Attn: Jerry W. McBride, Pres.8127C White Settlement RoadFort Worth, TX 76108Tele: AC817/246-5821

149. ProtechAttn: August Mirand6133 Carpintero Ave.Lakewood, CA 90713Tel e: AC213/866-9446

150. Energy Management Concepts Corp.Attn: Joe D. Wheeler, Jr.4900 N. PortlandOklahoma City, OK 73112Tele: AC405/942-8591

151. Hoflan Co.Attn: Beatrice M. Flanagan39 Prange RoadBrookfield, CT 06804Tele: AC203/775-4716

152. J2 DynamicsAttn: Kent W. Mahey2183 West 7175 SouthWest Jordan, UT 84084Tele: AC801/561-1522

153. Cableform, Inc.Attn: Graham S. Thexton, Pres.Zion Cross RoadsP.O. Box 373Troy, VA 22974Tele: AC804/589-8224

154. Avtek Systems, Inc.Attn: Dennis Spinelli398 Beach RoadBurlingame, CA 94010Tele: AC415/347-3081

155. Circle H. Experimental Farms,Inc.

Attn: Larry E. Hubbard1214 GlobeHouston, TX 77034Tele: AC713/926-3021

156. Energy Control Systems ofAmerica, Inc.

Attn: M. A. BakerP.O. Box 11028St. Petersburg, FL 33733Tele: AC813/867-0737

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Distribution for ANL-81-61

Internal:

W. E. MasseyE. S. BeckjordJ. J. RobertsE. J. CrokeR. A. LewisR. S. ZenoR. E. HoltzR. D. Carlson

E. R. Koehl (25)D. E. NewsomA. R. EvansA. B. KrisciunasANL Patent Dept.ANL Contract FileANL Libraries (2)TIS Files (6)

External:

DOE-TIC (27)Manager, Chicago Operations Office, DOEPresident, Argonne Universities AssociationComponents Technology Division Review Committee:

A. Bishop, U. PittsburghF. W. Buckman, Consumers Power Co.R. A. Greenkorn, Purdue U.W. M. Jacobi, Westinghouse Electric Corp., PittsburghM. A. Schultz, Mashpee, Mass.E. E. Ungar, Bolt, Beranek and Newman, Inc., Cambridge, Mass.J. Weisman, U. Cincinnati

D. Klimaj, Office of Industrial Programs, DOE (25)