Dr. Machya Astuti Dewi, M.Si.Machdewi@Yahoo.com

DescriptionJapan is a country with unique characteristics. Being defeated in World War II, Japan soon built their economic infrastructure and became the rising power early in the 1980s. Japan steadily develops their global role extending the economic realism they have taken on since the late 1950s through bilateral payment reparation to Southeast Asian countries. The course tries to see the development of Japans involvement in global stage in their foreign policys continuity and change.

The course is mainly divided into two structure. The first one deals with a historical background of Japans foreign policy and some pressing issues pertaining to Japans global interest. The second one deals with case-based studies on Japans foreign policy to countries, with special reference to Asian ones.After completing the course students are expected to be able to understand the nature of Japanese foreign policy and to explain how Japan interacts with countries within/out the region as well as with non-state actors, to deal with worldwide challenge.

Prescribed TextsEssential readings are drawn from variety of sources, including books and journals articles.Readings will be provided in each class.Some electronic sources accessible for additional readings:- Electronic Journal of Contemporary Japanese Studies.- Gaiko Forum.- Silk Road Working Papers.- Etc.

RequirementsIn general, students are personally responsible for attendance at classes and for submission of works.11 times of attendance is a must for each student to get the final score.Individually, participant is urged to take active participation in class discussion.In group, work in pair for the proposed theme and question which will be given in weekly lecture.Paper presentation of the working group shall be conducted prior to the lecture.

Paper Assignment and Presentation2-4 pages length (paper).10-15 minutes presentation, followed by discussion.The readings are essential (but is not limiting) to help students answering to the given question.No structure is needed to write paper, elaboration is needed (in answering the question) but keeping up the focus is also important.Paper at least must be submitted 1 day before the presentation.Any difficulties regarding access to the reading shall be informed as early as possible to the lecturer.

Outline of Assesment TaskGroup presentation (20%)Class participation (20%)Mid exam (30%)Final exam (30%)Classes will normally consist of pairs working on topics related to the set readings, followed by class discussion and the explanation by the lecturer.

Week 2: Characteristic of Japanese PoliticsThis class introduces the Japanese form of government, i.e. constitutional monarchy, by familiarizing the functions performed by the organs of government, the Japanese political development during and after the Cold War and the nature of Japanese bureaucracy and the relationship between politics and economy.Reading:Shinichi, Kitaoka. 2002. Reform in Japanese Foreign Affairs: Policy Review Long Overdue. Gaiko Forum Number 167, June 2002. http://gaikoforum.com/p3-12_kitaoka.pdf

Week 3: The Dynamics of Japans Foreign Policy This class introduces the main stages in Japans foreign policy development, leading to the current one, which was preceded by the Meiji Restoration to the launch of World War II and the bipolarism during the Cold War.Question for Class Discussion/Seminar PaperHow do you see Japanese foreign policy at present in comparison to the old one? Could you see the leadership role in every historical epoch of Japans foreign relations, regionally and globally?ReadingsDrifte, Reinhard. 1990. Japans Foreign Policy, Routledge: The Royal Institute of International Affairs. Pp 6-15.Saaler, Sven. 2002. Pan-Asianism in Meiji and Taisho Japan: A Preliminary Framework. DIJ Working Paper 02/4 http://www.dijtokyo.org/doc/PanAsianismusSaaler_WP.pdf

Week 4: Postwar Japans Foreign Policy This class introduces the main stages of Japans foreign policy development, leading to the current one, focusing on Japans foreign and security policy after the 2nd World War, with special reference to Japanese aspiration to become a normal state.Question for Class Discussion/Seminar PaperFind out how the issue of reforming Japans foreign and security policy has been taken on by Japanese political parties immediately after the Gulf Crises!ReadingsMartin, Craig. The Case against Revisiting Interpretation of the Japanese Constitution. The Asia-Pacific Journal: Japan Focus, 29 May 2007. http://www.japanfocus.org/-Craig-Martin/2434Khan, Shamshad A. Is Japan Ready to Shun the Peace Constitution? IDSA Comment 19 May 2010 http://www.idsa.in/idsacomments/IsJapanreadytoshunthePeaceConstitution_sakhan_190510

Week 5: Nuclear and PeacebuldingBeing the only nation to have suffered nuclear attack, Japan renounces the use of nuclear open for militaristic use. By positing itself as a model, Japan explicates its disposition on account of nuclear use for merely peaceful purposes.Question for Class Discussion/Seminar PaperHow does the issue of nuclear programme in Iran and India affect the way in which foreign relations work in progress between Japan and both countries? What is the position taken by Japan for each country?ReadingsKhan, Shamshad A. 2010. Towards Indo-Japan Nuclear Agreements: Prospects and Challenges. IDSA Comments, 24 August 2010. http://www.idsa.in/idsacomments/TowardsIndoJapannuclearagreementProspectsandChallenges_sakhan_240810.Paul, Joshy M. 2008. India and Japan: Reluctant Idealism to Practical Realism. South Asian Survey 15 (1): 99-119.Takahashi, Junko, 2010. Group to Seek Nuke-Free World. Asahi Shimbun, 25 September 2010. http://www.asahi.com/english/TKY201009240205.html

Week 6: Climate ChangeSince 1990s Japan has become the global power in environmental aid. Asia is the major recipients of this aid. Through its ministeries and agencies and through bilateral or multilateral cooperation framework Japan has extensively proceed in the working of environmental diplomacy.Question for Class Discussion/seminar paperHow effective does the environmental aid work for Japans diplomacy?ReadingArmitage, Nicole. 2009. From Crisis to Kyoto & Beyond: The Evolution of Environmental Concern in Japanese Official Development Assistance. In http://www.gsid.nagoya-u.ac.jp/bpub/research/public/paper/article/176.pdf.

Week 7: Human Rights, Human SecurityThe class presents the incorporation of human rights and human security issues in Japans foreign policy and how Japan deals with its historical legacies of the same in their foreign relations with former colonies.Question for Class Discussion/Seminar PaperWith reference to human rights and human security concern, take one state to elaborate on how Japan implement its foreign policy.Reading (for the case of Myanmar/Burma)Seekins, Donald M. 2000. Japans Burma Lovers and the Military Regime. JIPRI Working Paper No. 60, Sept 1999. http://www.jpri.org/publications/workingpapers/wp60.html

Week 9: Japan-North KoreaNorth Korea Nuke Diplomacy considerably poses a huge threat to regional security. Apart from the USs military deployment, Japans vehicle to tackle the problem is limited by the scope (i.e. non-militaristic method) and overshadowed by Japanese abduction by North Korea.Question for Class Discussion/Seminar PaperDo you think that the manner in which Japan deals with the North Korea problem is right in its purpose? Try to take a different picture by seeing the way North Koreas threat perception over its regional neighbours.ReadingsManyin, Mark E. 2003. Japan-North Korea Relations: Selected Issues. CSR Report for Congress, November 26, 2003. fpc.state.gov/documents/organization/27531.pdfTatsumi, Yuki. 2011. North Korea: Challenges for the US-Japan Alliance. Washington: Stmson Center. http://www.stimson.org/.../full_-_North_Korea_Challenge_for_the_us-Japan_Alliance.pdf

Week 10: Japan-ChinaChinas emerging economic growth is seen by Japan with cautious. Despite the murky historical record between the two countries, the building of economic cooperation has going on since the Sino-Japanese normalization in 1970s. Question for Class Discussion/Seminar PaperDo you agree that economic cooperation can actually put on the peace process between the two countries? Do you consider the ups and downs of this relations, with reference to the moments when historical issues are reawakenedReadingsXing, Yuqing. 2008. Japans Unique Economic Relations with China: Economic Integration under Political Uncertainty. EAI Background Brief No 10, 23 October 2008. http://eai.nus.edu.sg/BB410.pdfMasterson, Jim. 2005. Measuring Trade Sensitivity: Explaining Sino-Japanese Economic and Political Relations. http://www.allacademic.com//meta/p_mla_apa_research.citation/0/8/4/5/6/pages84562/p84562-1.php

Week 11: Japan-South KoreaJapan-South Koreas problem has been caught up over the history, including the issue of Takeshima/Dokdo island, comfort women (jugun ianfu) and historical textbook.Question for Class Discussion/Seminar PaperHow Japan deals with the pressing issue of Jugun ianfu in South Korea?ReadingsPark, Michelle. 2008. Defining Responsibility for Sexual Assault. Stanford Journal of East Asian Affairs. Winter 2008: 23-32. http://www.stanford.edu/group/sjeaa/journal81/CE3.pdfKorea Herald/Asia News Network.6/8/10. Tokyo Expected to Face Up to Comfort Women Issue. http://www.asiaone.com/News/Latest+News/Asia/Story/A1Story20100806-230882.htmlSoh, C. Sarah. 2001. Japans Responsibility toward Comfort Womens Survivors. JIPRI Working Paper No 77, May 2001. http://www.jpri.org/publications/workingpapers/wp77.html

Week 12: Japan and East Asian RegionalismJapans affluence has taken on many followers among Southeast Asian countries. ASEAN has formally invited Japan to take the leading role by the ASEAN+3 formula, but Japans reluctance triggered the pressing discussion on the feasibility of cooperation framework in the region.Question for Class Discussion/Seminar PaperWill regional cooperation be met? Which factor is likely to bridge and or hamper the East Asian cooperation?ReadingsTanaka, Hitoshi. 2009. Japans Foreign Policy and East Asian Regionalism. Princeton University: Japan Center for International Exchange & Adam P. Liff. http://www.cfr.org/content/publications/.../NEAsiaSecurityTanaka.pdfHonghua, Men. 2007. East Asian Order Formation and Sino-Japanese Relations. Japan Center for Economic Research. www.jcer.or.jp/eng/pdf/Men.pdf

Week 13: Japan-IndonesiaIn late 1990s, however, Japans decision to withdraw their investment in Indonesia was perceived by Indonesians with bitterness. Thus, the establishment of EPA in 2007 gained less credence, but more reservation.Question for Class DiscussionWhat was the reason behind Japans decision to withdraw their investment?ReadingRonning, Alex. 1999. Influences by Japan on Mainland Southeast Asia. 24 March 1999. http://www.lehigh.edu/~rfw1/courses/1999/spring/ir163/Papers/pdf/alr4.pdf

Week 14: Japanese ODAThe class tries to recap the discussion over Japanese ODA, key instrument in Japans foreign policy. How ODA has been being used in Japans global relations with its former colonies in particular and with developing countries in general.Question for Calss discussion/Seminar PaperHow effective is the provision of ODA to improve Japans image in East and Southeast Asian countries?ReadingsSoderberg, Marie. 2002. Changes in Japanese Foreign Aid Policy. EIJS Working Paper No. 157, October 2002. http://swopec.hhs.se/eijswp/papers/eijswp0157.pdf

Week 15: Japan-the UNThe UN has always been viewed by the Japanese as the embodiment of the pacifist ideals. Japans trust and allegiance toward the UN is stipulated in Japans foreign policy principle and translated in practices.Question for Class DiscussionDo you think Japan deserves a permanent seat in the UN Security Council?ReadingsWahlin, Wilhelmina & Kaoru Natsuda. 2008. Can Japan Please Stand Up? Japans Bid for a UNSC Permanent Seat: Pipe Dream or Viability. Japans Inc Magazine No. 78, 3 July 2008. http://www.japaninc.com/mgz_july_2008_japan_un-security-councilGuzzardi, Jose E & Mark J. Mullenbach. The Politics of Seeking a Permanent Seat on the UN Security Council: An Analysis of the Case of Japan. Midsouth Political Science Review Vol 9, 2007-2008. http://www.arkpsa.org/MPSR%20articles/3%20Guzzardi%20and%20Mullenbach.pdf

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