ForeignPolicyAims:• Heavilyinfluencedbyherstrugglesathome

- Religiousstruggles- Lackofmoney- Lackofresources/population

DevelopandimprovetradetobenefittheEnglisheconomy

ProtectEnglishborders

ProtecttheEnglishthrone

Avoidwar,especiallyifEnglishrebelssupporttheenemy

Whatdothinkishermainpriorityandwhy?

WhoisKingPhilipII?

• PhilipIIwasKingofSpainandallofSpain’sterritories/colonies• Hewasthemostpowerfulmanintheworld• HewaschosenbythePopetobethedefenderoftheCatholicFaithandfightallCatholic

enemies• HeistheleaderofallCatholiccountriesinthewaragainstProtestantism• HeisaVERYstrongCatholic• HeopposedElizabeth’sReligioussettlement• HeisVERYunhappywiththeexecutionoftheCatholicQueen,Mary,QueenofScots

Timeline

1584WilliamofOrangeis

assassinated

1571Ridolfi Plot

1574Catholicpriests

smuggledintoEngland

1579Spaintakechargeinthe

Netherlands1580

PhilipIItakescontrolofPortugal

1580FrancisDrakereturns

fromhiscircumnavigationofthe

globe

1581ElizabethknightsDrakeontheGoldenHind

1582Alencon (France)returntofighttheSpanishintheNetherlandswith

Elizabeth’s£££

1583Alencon failsinNetherlands

1583Throckmortonplot

1584Alencon dies,leavingProtestantHenriof

NavarreheirtoFrance

1570PapalBull

excommunicatesElizabeth

1584TreatyofJoinvillebetweenSpain&

France

Plottheseonatimelinefrom1570-1588

1586BabingtonPlot

1587Mary,QueenofScots

executed

1588SpanishArmada

Domestic(athome)

Foreign(abroad)

Commercial(Trade)RivalrywithSpain

Merchants or explorers

Had their own armed shipsCaptured other ships

Stole other ships cargoes

Authorised by the governmentMade secret deals

Had a skull & cross bones Conquered other countries

WhichofthesedescriptionswouldbeforaPirateandwhichforaPrivateer

TheNewWorld:NorthandSouthAmerican– discoveredin1492

Exploration

• EnglishMerchantsbeganexploringnewtradeopportunities…- Hamburg,Russia,China,India,PersiaandTurkey

• TherewerealsoHUGEprofitstobemadeinthenewworld…

• SpaincontrolstheNetherlands,includingAntwerp(England’smaintradingpost)

• SpaincontrolledtheNewWorldincludingFlorida,TheCaribbean,Mexico,Panama,ChileandPeru–

• InordertotradeintheNewWorldyouneededalicencefromSpain

WhydoesElizabethneedtothinkaboutothertradingposts

Sugarcane

Tobacco

Drawyourselfaboatwith6sailsto

writeon

So,whoisSirFrancisDrake?

• Englishmerchantandexplorer• Madelotsofmoneyforinvestors,includingElizabethI,(1572£40,000ofSpanishsilver)

• MuchofwhathedidwasconsideredPiracy• 1570-71intheWestIndiesheseizedmanySpanishshipsandtheircargo

• ElizabethdidnotpubliclypraiseDrake,butdidprivately

• HewasthefirstEnglishmantocircumnavigatetheglobe

• ElizabethsenthimtosailaroundSouthAmericabringingbackGold,Silver,Spices&anythingelsevaluable

• HewasalsotoldtoattackSpain’scoloniesinordertogetrichquickandbereadytofighttheSpanishathome

• Thiswasanotheractofdefiance,shewouldnotallowSpaintodominateEngland

• Drakereturnedhomein1580with£400,000alotofthisgoingtotheQueen’sfinances.

• Elizabethwassohappyandimpressed,sheknightedhimonhisship!

• DiscusswithyourpartnerwhatDrakehasachievedordoneinthe1570’s

• DiscusshowsignificantthiswouldbeforrelationswithPhilipIIandSpain

• Drake’sactionsagainstSpainandhercolonieswithhisclaimtolandinNorthAmericamadeitclearthatElizabethwouldn’tacceptSpain’sdominanceoftheAmericas

• Drake’ssuccesshasmadehimanationalheroandraisedtheprofileofEnglandasastrongseafaringnation

• England’sfinanceswereboostedalotatatimeofgrowingconcernoverSpain

• KnightingDrakeonhisshipsentastrongmessageofdefiancetoSpain

YounowhavetowriteElizabethaletterexplainingthemanysuccessesofDrakebutalsogiveherawordofwarningregardingthestrainontherelationshipwithPhilipII(200wordsminimum)