1251.

COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA.

DEPARTMENT OF SUPPLY AND SHIPPING.F. A. O'CoNNOR, Secretary.

BUREAU OF MINERAL RESOURCES,GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS.

H. G. RAGGAIT, Director.

BULLETIN No. 15 .(PALAEONTOLOGICAL SERIES No. 5).

FORAMINIFERA IN tHE PERMIANROCKS

BY

IRENE CRESPIN, BA.,Commonwealth Palaeontologist.

Issued under the authority of Senator the Honourable W. P. AsHLEY.Minister for Supply and Shipping.

By Authority:L. F. JOHNSTON. Cummonwealth Government Printer. Canberra.

(Printed in Australia.)1947. .1251.

COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA.

DEPARTMENT OF SUPPLY AND SHIPPING.F. A. O'CoNNOR, Secretary.

BUREAU OF MINERAL RESOURCES,GEOLOGY AND GEOPHYSICS.

H. G. RAGGAIT, Director.

BULLETIN No. 15 .(PALAEONTOLOGICAL SERIES No. 5).

FORAMINIFERA IN tHE PERMIANROCKS

BY

IRENE CRESPIN, BA.,Commonwealth Palaeontologist.

Issued under the authority of Senator the Honourable W. P. AsHLEY.Minister for Supply and Shipping.

By Authority:L. F. JOHNSTON. Cummonwealth Government Printer. Canberra.

(Printed in Australi a.)1947. .

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

1. Introduction

2. Historical Notes

3. Distribution of Foraminifera in the Permian Rocks of Australia-

A. QiIeensland

B. New South Wales

C. Tasmania

D. Western Australia

Eo Northern Territory

4. Conditions during Sedimentation of the Permian Rocks of Australia

5. Notes on some of the Foraminiferal Species

6. Notes on Correlation

7. Stratigraphic Range of Species

8. References ..

9. Explanation of Plates and Figure

ILLUSTRATIONS.

PA.GE.

55

6

9

14152020202224

2525

Plate 1. Australian Permian Foraminifera. Figures 1 to 16 27

Plate 2. Australian Permian Foraminifera. Figures 17 to 24. . 29

Figure 1. Map of Australia showing areas from which Permian Foraminifora havebeen recorded 31

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

1. Introduction

2. Historical Notes

3. Distribution of Foraminifera in the Permian Rocks of Australia-

A. QiIeensland

B. New South Wales

C. Tasmania

D. Western Australia

Eo Northern Territory

4. Conditions during Sedimentation of the Permian Rocks of Australia

5. Notes on some of the Foraminiferal Species

6. Notes on Correlation

7. Stratigraphic Range of Species

8. References ..

9. Explanation of Pla,tes and Figure

ILLUSTRATIONS.

PA.GE.

55

6

9

14152020202224

2525

Plate 1. Australian Permian Foraminifera. Figures 1 to 16 27

Plate 2. Australian Permian Foraminifera. Figures 17 to 24. . 29

Figure 1. Map of Australia showing areas from which Permian Foraminifet'R havebeen recorded 31

FORAMINIFERA IN THE PERMIAN ROCKS OFAUSTRALIA.

1. INTRODUCTION.

Foraminifera were' first recognized in the Permian sediments ofAustralia in 1882. Some systematic work on these micro-fossils wasdone up to 190,5, but there was no further investigation until. 1937,since when five papers on Permian foraminifera have been published.However, about ten years ago, systematic sampling of outcrops, coresand euttings from bores was commenced with the object of determiningwhether micro-faunal zones could be establisheel.

Since 1933 extensive collections of Permian rocks have been madein New South ,Vales and Western Australia, and smaller ones inQueensland, by geologists attached to private companies who were'carrying out a search for oil in Australia. Subsidiary companies ofOil Search Limited drilled two deep bores in New South Wales andtwo in Queensland, which were partly or wholly in Permian sediments ;.and the Freney Kimberley Oil' Company was drilling a deep bore inWestern Australia, which is wholly in Permian beds and which, whenoperations were suspended in 1942 owing to the war, had reached adepth of 4,W71 feet. Core samples and drill cuttings. from these bores:and the various outcrops have been examined by the writer and a micro­fauna identified. Surface samples from localities in New South Waleswere also submitted by the Geology Department, University of Sydney,for micro-examination. There has 'been little investigation of the'micro-fauna of Permian rocks in Tasmania, and the only foraminiferarecorded are those described by Howchin in 1895 from the Piper Rivernear Karoola and those listed bv the writer in 1944 from sedimentsnear Oonah. Recently foramin'ifera were discovered by the writer .in. sediments from Latrobe.

From the information presented in the following sections of thisbulletin, it will be seen that,although a considerable amount of researchis still necessary before a definite system of zoning, based on the micro­faunas, can be applied to the Permian rocks of Australia, such' asystem is possible. In the extensive collections of Permian rocksexamined from the Hunter River District of New 'South Wales,assemblages of foraminifera rather than restricted species have proveduseful for zonal pur'Po,ses, and it will be shown that correlation ofdeposits in other States can be made ,by means of these assemblages.

A notable feature of the foraminiferal 'assemblage in the Permianrocks of Australia is the almost complete absence of the world-widezonal forms, the Fusulinidae. The only record of their occurrence isthe two poorly preserved specimens from the Upper Ferruginous .Soriesin the West Kimberley Area, Western Australia, referred to the generaVerbeokina and Neoschsoaqerina by Chapman and Parr (1937). Theseimportant foraminifera are of considerable zonal significance in the'Permian rocks of Sumatra, India, China and Japan.

2. HISTORICAL NOTES.The first reference to the presence of Permian foraminifera in

Australia was made by Professor Rupert J ones (1882) in his Catalogueof Fossil Foraminifera in the British Museum. The locality was

. 1251.-2

FORAMINIFERA IN THE PERMIAN ROCKS OFAUSTRALIA.

1. INTRODUCTION.

Foraminifera were' first recognized in the Permian sediments ofAustralia in 1882. Some systematic work on these micro-fossils wasdone up to 190,5, but there was no further investigation until. 1937,since when five papers on Permian foraminifera have been published.However, about ten years ago, systematic sampling of outcrops, coresand cuttings from bores was commenced with the object of determiningwhether micro-faunal zones could be establisheel.

Since 1933 extensive collections of Permian rocks have been madein New South ,Vales and Western Australia, and smaller ones inQueensland, by geologists attached to private companies who were'carrying out a search for oil in Australia. Subsidiary companies ofOil Search Limited drilled two deep bores in New South Wales andtwo in Queensland, which were partly ,or wholly in Permian sediments;,.and the Freney' Kimberley Oil' Company was drilling a deep ,bore inWestern Australia, which is wholly in Permian beels and which, whenoperations were suspended in 1942 owing to the war, had reached adepth of 4,W71 feet. Core samples and drill cuttings. from these bores:and the various outcrops have been examined by the writer and a micro­fauna identified. Surface samples from localities in New South Waleswere also submitted by the Geology Department, University of Syd,ney,for micro-examination. There has 'been little investigation of the'micro-fauna of Permian rocks in Tasmania, and the only foraminiferarecorded are those described by Howchin in 1895 from the Piper Rivernear Karoola and those listed bv the writer in 1944 from sedimentsnear Oonah. Recently foramin'ifera were discovered by the writer .in. sediment.s from Latrobe.

From the information presented in the following sections of thisbulletin, it will be seen that,although a considerable amount of researchis ,still necessary before a definite system of zoning, based on the micro­faunas, can be applied to the Permian rocks of Australia, such' asystem is possible. In the extensive collections of Permian rocksexamined from the Hunter River District of New 'South Wales,assemblages of foraminifera rather than restricted species have proveduseful for zonal pur'Po,ses, and it will be shown that correlation ofdeposits in other States can be made ,by means of these assemblages.

A nota,hle feature of the foraminiferal 'assemblage in the Permianrocks of Australia is the almost complete absence of the world-widezonal forms, the Fusulinidae. The only record of their occurrence isthe two poorly preserved specimens from the Upper Ferruginous .seriesin the West Kimberley Area, Western Australia, referred to the generaVerbeokina and Neoschwagerina by Chapman and Parr (1937). Theseimportant foraminifera are of considerable zonal significance in the'Permian rocks of Sumatra, India, China and Japan.

2. HISTORICAL NOTES.The first reference to the presence of Permian foraminifera in

Australia was made by Professor Rupert J ones (1882) in his Catalogueof Fossil Foraminifera in the British Museum. The locality wa:s:

. 1251.-2

6

given as Piper River, Tasmania. Thomas Stephens (1889) publisheda note in the Royal Society of Tasmania on the discovery by R.Etheridge of Permo-Oarboniferous foraminifera in a limestone fromthe "Tight bank of the Piper River, not very far from a place calledLilydale" (Howchin, 1894). Etheridge stated. that this was the firstrecord of the occurrence of foraminifera in the Permo-Oarboniferousrocks of Australia and Tasmania. The Piper River material wasfurther examined by Howchin (1894) when he recorded four speciesfrom thin sections of limestone.

Howchin (1895) described four new species of foraminifera fromthe" Carboniferous " beds, Irwin River area, Western Australia. Thiswork, together with that by Chapman and Howchin in 1905 on thePernio-Carboniferous foraminifera of New South Wales, formed abllRis for investigations on Permian foraminifera in Australia formany years. The nomenclature used by Chapman and Howchin in thelatter paper (1905) was revised by those authors in collaboration withW. J. Parr in 1934 (Ohapman, Howchin and Parr, 1934).

_ Etheridge, Jnr. (1907), listed Permian foraminifora from a bore atPort Keats, Northern Territory.

Ohapman and Parr (1937) recorded the occurrence of two generaof Fusulinids in rocks from the West Kim bel'ley area in Westcl'llAustralia.

Two papers containing descriptions of new species appeared in 1940.One was by W. J. Parr and the writer (Orespin and Parr, 1940) onspecies of Permian foraminifera from New SouthWales and the otherby Parr (1940) on species from Western Australia.

The writer has recently published (Orespin, 19414) papers onPermian foraminifera from' eastern Australia and from Oonah,Tasmania.

3. DISTRIBUTION OF FORAMINIFERA IN THlE PERMIANROCKS OF AUSTRALIA.

The distribution tables given below for each State are based onthe micropalaeontological examination by the writer in her capacity asCommonwealth Palaeontologist of samples supplied chiefly by variouscompanies engaged in the search for oil in Australia.' Other sourcesof material are also indicated. Assemblages of foraminiferal specieshave been Irecognized and these ':way prove useful for correlationpurposes pending further investigation to see whether species withrestricted ranges are present.

The relative. abundance of a species in the samples examined isindicated by the letters" c ", "f" and" l' ", referring respectively tocommon,. few and rare:

A. QUEENSLAND.Little micropalaeontological investigation has b~en undertaken on

the Permian rocks of this State. The writer has examined fairlyextensive collections of rocks from the Springsure area as well as

6

given as Piper River, Tasmania. Thomas Stephens (1889) publisheda note in the Royal Society ,of Tasmania on the discovery by R.Etheridge of Permo-Oarboniferous foraminifera in a lime,stone fromthe "Tight bank of the Piper River, not very far from a place calledLilydale" (Howchin, 1894). Etheridge stated. that this was the firstrecord of the occurrence of foraminifera in the Permo-Oarboniferousrocks of Australia and Tasmania. The Piper River material wasfurther examined by Howchin (1894) when he recorded four speciesfrom thin sections of limestone.

Howchin (1895) described four new species of foraminifera fromthe" Oarboniferous" beds, Irwin River area, Western Australia. Thiswork, together with that by Ohapman and Howchin in 1905 on thePermo-Oarboniferous foraminifera of New South Wales, formed abllRis for investigations on Permian foraminifera in Australia fol'many years. The nomenclature used by Ohapman and Howchin in thelatter paper (1905) was revised by those authors in collaboration withW. J. Parr in 1934 (Ohapman, Howchin and Parr, 1934).

_ Etheridge, Jnr. (1907), listed Permian foraminifer~ from a bore atPort Keats, Northern Territory.

Ohapman and Parr (1937) recorded the occurrence of two generaof Fusulinids in rocks from the West Kim bel'ley area in Westcl'llAustralia.

Two papers containing descriptions of new species appeared in 1940.One was by W. J. Parr and the writer (Orespin and Parr, 1940) onspecies of Permian foraminifera ,from New SouthWales and the otherby Parr (1940) on species from Western Australia.

The writer has recently published (Orespin, 19414) papers onPermian foraminifera from' eastern Australia and from Oonah,Tasmania.

3. DISTRIBUTION OF FORAMINIFERA IN THlE PERMIANROCKS OF AUSTRALIA.

The distribution tables given below for each State are based onthe micropalaeontological examination by the writer in her capacity a,­Oommonwealth Palaeontologist of samples supplied chiefly by varioD:'companies engaged in the search for oil in Australia.' Other sourceFof material are also indicated. Assemblages of foraminiferal specieshav'e been Irecognized and these ':way prove useful fol' correlationpurposes pending further investigation to see whether species withrestricted ranges are present.

The relative. abundance of a species in the samples examined lS

indicated by the letters" c ", "f" and" l' ", referring respectivdy tocommon,. few and rare:

A. QUEENSLAND.Little micropalaeontological investigation has b~en undertaken on

the Permian rocks of this State. The writer has examined fairlyextensive collections of rocks from the Springsure area as well as

7

samples from two deep bores, namely, the Hutton Creek Bore, drilledto the depth. of 4,688 feet' and the Arcadia Bore, to 6,.036 feet (Orespin,1945). This material was submitted for examination by privatecom­panies engaged in the search for oil in Queensland. Following are the'lists of localities from which foraminifera have been recorded:-

(i) Foraminiferal occurrences referred to the Middle BowenSeries: .

1. Dry Creek, "Inglelara" property, Springsure.

2. Argus's selection, Springsure.3. vVater.:.hed between Sandy and Dry' Oreek, south end of

Serocold Structure.4. Aldebaran, 4 miles north-east of Mount Catlwrine, iJO

miles west of Rolleston.5. Arcadia Bore, 85 miles north of Roma, from 1,800 feet

depth down to 2,390 feet.6. Hutton Creek Bore, 60 miles north of Roma, from 770 feet

depth down to 790 feet.7. Quarry beside Banana-Rannes-road, 9.·6 miles from Banana.

(i i) Foraminiferal occurrences referred to the Lower BowenSeries.

8. Staircase Gully at base of Mount Sirius, 32 miles north-we-tof Rolleston.

9. Staircase Gully, just below Old Rolleston-road Crossing.

10. Staircase Gully.11. Watershed between Little Gorgeand Cabbage Tree Creeks.12. Ironbark or Little Gorge Creek, Springsure-Rolleston-road.

13. Three miles from Cracow on road to Theodore.14. Two and a half miles from Mantuan Downs Station, on

Springsure-road.15. Mantuan Downs.16. North bank, Cattle Creek, 14 miles south-east of Springsu re.

n. In Cattle Creek below Waterfall.

18. Mr. Reid's section through Mount Hope, 20 miles south ofSpringsure.

Table 1. below summarizes the information available ooncerrungthe occurrence and distribution of foraminifera in the Middla Bowenand Lower Bowen Series of Queensland. Samples from all localitieslisted have been examined by the writer. For convenience. numberdesignations are given to localities which are shown above. A~ attempthas been made to assign the localities to the various stages comprisingthe .Middle Bowen and Lower Bowen Series. The result. it is under­stood, accords with the' recent classification. put forward 'by geologistsattached to companies searching for oil in Queensland.

7

santples from two deep bores, namely, the Hutton Oreek Bore, drilledto the depth. of 4,688 feet' and the Arcadilt BOrt~, to 6,.036 feet (Orespin,1945). This material was submitted for examination by privatecom­p'anies engaged in the search for oil in Queensland. Following are the'lists of 10caJities from which foraminifera have been recorded:-

(i) Foraminiferal occurrences referred to the Middle BowenSeries: .

1. Dry Oreek, "Inglelara" property, Springsure.

2. Argus's selection, Springsure.3. vVater.:.hed between Sandy and Dry' Oreek, south enel of

Serocold Structure.4. Aldebaran, 4 miles north-east of Mount Catlwrine, iJO

miles west of Rolleston.5. Arcadia Bore, 85 miles north of Roma, from 1,800 feet

depth down to 2,390 feet.6. Hutton Oreek Bore, 60 miles north of Roma, from 770 feet

depth down to 790 feet.7. Quarry beside Banana-Ranlles-road, 9.·6 miles from Banana.

(i i) Foraminiferal occurrences referred to the Lower BowenSeries.

8. Staircase Gully at base of Mount Sirius, 32 miles north-we.-tof Rolleston.

9. Staircase Gully, just below Old Rollestoll-road Crossing.

10. Staircase Gully.11. Watershed bet'\veen Little GO'rgeand Oabbage Tree Cr€·eks.12. Ironbark or Little Gorge Creek, Springsure-Rolleston-road.

13. Three miles from Oracow on road to Theodore.14. Two and a half miles from Mantuan Downs Station, on

Springsure-road.15. Mantuan Downs.16. North bank, Cattle Creek, 14 miles south-east of Springsure.

n. In Oattle Creek below Waterfall.

18. Mr. Reid's section through NIount Hope, 20 mites south ofSpringsure.

Table 1. below summarizes the information available concernlJ1gthe occurrence and distriblition of foraminifera in the NIiddle Bowenand Lower Bowen Series of Queensland. Samples from all localitieslisted have been examined by the writer. For convenience. numberdesignations are given to localities which are shown above. A~ attempthas been made to assign the localities to the various stages comprisingthe 'NIiddle Bowen and Lower Bowen Series. The result. it is under­stood, accords with the' recent classification. put forward 'by geologistsattached to companies searching for oil in Queensland.

8

TABLE I.-DISTRIBUTION OF PERMIAN FORAMINIFERA IN. QUEENSLAND.

Middle Bowen Lower Bowen Series.Sertes,

Foruminifera. Inglelara Hor. Gypseous Stage. DillyStage. Uncer, .Stage.

1. 2. 3. 4. ~I~ 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12, 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18.

Ammodiscue milleiiasiusChapman .. · . - I' - - - f - - I' - - r - - - - - c

A. multicinctus Crespin &Parr .. · . f f c c -- - c c c c - - c - - - - c

Hspperamsninoides sp. · . - - - f - - - - - - - - - - - - - fH. acicula Parr. · . f f f f f -. f - c f - - r - - - - fGalcitornella stephensi

(Howchin) .. · . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - f f I'

Reophax subasper Parr. · . - - - I' - - - I' - - - - - - - - ~ -

A mmobaculites woolnoughiCrespin & Parr. .. - I' - I' I' - - - - - - - - - - I' I' -

Ammobaculites sp. .. - f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Textularia sp. .. .. - - - f - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Digitina recuruata; Crespin

& Parr. .. .. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - c - -

Diqitina. sp. .. · . - - - f - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Tetrataxis 'conica EhI'. · . - - - - I' - - - - - - ~ - - - - - -

Glomospira. , cf. depressaWaters .. .. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - r

Haplophraqmoidee sp. 3 .. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - I' -

Pelosina hemisphaerico.Chapman & Howchin .. - I' - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Pelosina sp. .. · . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - c - -Trepeilopsis cf. grandis

Cushman & Waters · . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - I' - -Nodosinella sp ... .. - f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Trochammina cf. a.renosa

Cushman & Waters .. - c - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - fT. pulv':llus Crespin &

Parr. .. .. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - I'

'I'rochammina. sp. .. - - - - - - - - I' - - - - - - - - -

Nodosaria serocoldensieCrespin .. .. - - - - - - - I' - - - l' - - - c - I'

N sprinqsurensis Crespin - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - I' -

Dentalina grayi Orespin .. - r - - - - - - - - - - - .- - - ~ -.Frondicularia uiooduard;

Howehin .. . . - I' f - - - - - I' - c f f - I' C f f.F. parri Crespin .. - - I' - - - - - - - I' - - - - I' I' -

Geinitzina. trianqularisChapman & Howchin .. - - - - - - - - - - - f f f I' I' I' I'

NOTES ON THE ASSEl\1BLAGES.

On account of the small amount of material available for investiga­tion from the Permian rocks {)J Queensland, remarks on the foramini­feral assemblages can only be regarded as tentative, It will be necessaryfor further collections of sediments to be made from both the MiddleBowen and Lower Bowen Series before definite zoning will be possible.

'(i) llf7{ldle Bouien Series.The assemblage found in samples from Localities 1 'to 4, which are

referred to the Inglelara Stage, contains Ammodiscus 1n1blticinctus,

8

TABLE I.-DISTRIBUTION OF PERMIAN FORAMINIFERA IN. QUEENSLAND.

Middle BowcnSedes.

Inglelara Hor.Stage, Un"er,

Lower Bowen Series.

Gypseous Stage. Dilly.Stage,

___________1__1. -= 2:~ ~I~ ~~~ _10_, _11_. _12_. _13_. _14_. _15_. _16_. _17_. _18_,

Anmwdisc1'S milletianusC~apman - I' -- - f I' - I' C

A. multicinctus Crespin &Parr f f c c c c c c c c

Hyperal1uninoides sp. f - - - - - fH. acicula Parr, f f f f f -. f - c f fGalcitornella stephensi

(Howchi~) -- -- - - - f f I'

Reophax subasper Parr. -- - I' - - - I' -Aml1wbaculites woolnoughi

Crespin & Parr, - I' - I' I' -- -- I' I'

A mmobac~lites sp. - f -- - - -- -

Textularia sp. .. -- - f -- -- -Digitina l·ecurvata. Crespin

& Parr. - - -- -- -- - cDigitina sp. - - - f - - -- -Tetrataxis 'conica EhI'. .. - - -- I' - - - -Glol1wspira , cf. depressa

Waters - - -- - - - - - rHaplopMagl1wl:des sp. 3 ,. - - -- - - -- - I'

Pelosina hemisphaericaChapman & Howchin .. - I' - - -- - - -

Pelosina sp. -- - - - - -- - cTrepeilopsis cf. grandis

Cushman & Waters -- - - -- - - - I'

Nodosinella sp" , f - - - - - - -Trochammina cf. a.renosa

Cushman & 'Vaters c - - -- - - - fT. pulvillus Crespin &

Parr, -- - - -- - - - I'

Trocha?l~minasp. -- - - -- -- I'

Nodosaria serocoldensisCrespin - - - - -- - I' - I' C I'

'N springsurensis Crespin - - - - -- - - - I'

Dentalina grayi Crespin " l' - - - - - - -.Frondicularia woodwal'di

Howchin - I' f - - - - - I' C f f I' C f f.F. 1Jarri Cresllin I' - - -- - - I' I' I'

Geinitzina t!'iang1'larisChapman & Howchin .. - - -- - - -- - f f f I' I' I' I'

NOTES ON THE ASSEl\1BLAGES.

On account of the small amount of material av!ailable for investiga­tion from the Permian rocks of Queensland, remarks on the foramini­feral assemblages can only be regarded as tentative. It will be necessa·ryfor further collections of sediments to be made f.rom both the MiddleBowen and Lower Bowen Series before definite zoning will be possible.

'(i) llf7{ldle Bowen Series.The assembliage found in samples from LOICalities 1 'to 4, which are

referred to the Inglelrura Stage, contains Ammodiscus 1n1blticinctus,

9

H yperamminoides acicula, Amanobaculiies uroolnouqh.i and Frondi­cularia uiooduiardi. It will be shown later that this assemblage issimilar to that found in the Branxton stage 0.£ the Upper Mar-ine Seriesof New South Wales, and it is probable that the sections in the Arcadiaand Hutton Creek Bores-can be 'correlated with this stage.

. Cii) Lower Bowen Series..Two assemblages are recognized'in the Lower Bowen Series.1. An assemblage consisting of Amanoruiiscu« muiticincius..

N odosarui serocoldensis, Frondiculario. woodwardi and Geinitz·ina t·ri­anquloris, is 'present ir;' samples from localities 8-15, which are referredto the Gypseous Stage of the Lower Bowen Series. .

2. The 'second assemblage contains the important zonal foraminiferCalciiornella siephensi, together with Trepeilopeis cf. grandis, Nodosariaserocoldensis, Frondicularia woodwardi and Geinitzina iriamqularie. Itis found in samples from localities 16, 17 and' 18 which are referredto the Dilly stage. As pointed out later in this bulletin, the majorityof these species mayconst.it.ute a distinct assemblage in the LowerBow-en Series of Queensland, in the Lower Marine Series of New SouthWales, in the Lower Latrobe Series of Tasmania, in the Callytharralimestone and Fossil Cliff beds of Western Australia and in thematerial from the Port Keats Bore, Northern Territory.

8. NEW SOUTH WALES.Geologists from the Bureau of Mineral Resources, Canberra, the

Mines Department, New South Wales, Oil Search Limited and theCommonwealth Oil Refineries Limited have made extensive collectionsof rocks in the Hunter River District in the hope that micro-fauna1zones could be established. Material was also collected .by Oil SearchLimited from the section at Victoria Pass, Mitchell Highway, and rocksamples from other Permian deposits in New South Wales ,were madeavailable by the Geology Department, Sydney University.

Oores and cuttings from bores have also been investigated. Samplesfrom the Kulnura Bore, which is situated 15 miles north-west of Gosfordand which was drilled to a depth of 6,293 feet, were examined micro­scopically during the progress of drilling, and foraminifera were dis­covered at various depths (Raggatt and Orespin, 1940). Foraminiferawere also present in the Balmain Bore, Sydney (Raggatt 'and Crespin,1941) and in Bore J at Ccorabin, 55 miles west of Albury (Orespin,1943). The list of localities from which samples containing foramini­fera have been examined is given belo-w.

(i) Foraminiferal occurrences referred to the Upper MarineSeries.

(a) H1~nt'er River District.~1ulbring Stage-

1. West bank of .railway cutting, west of Minimbah.2. Minimbah, Outting, east of station.3. Minirnbah-Belford Dome Section (part).4. Long Point, left bank of Hunter River, near Singleton.5. Padua Siding, Singleton-Muswellbrook Railway.6. :NIt. Thorley, Warkworth-road, west flank of Loder Dome.

9

H yperamminoides a,ciculcL, Ammobac'ulites woolno'!Lghi and Frondi­cularia woodw(~rdi. It will be shown later that this assemblage issimilar to that found in the Branxton stage 0.£ the Upper M'arine Seriesof New South Wales, and it is probable that the sections in the Arcadiaand Hutton Creek BC'rescan be 'correlated with this stage.

. Cii) Lower Bowen Series..Two assemblages are recognized'in the Lower Bo,v:en Series.1. L'.n: assemblage consisting of Ammondiscl1S mldticinchLs..

N odosaria serocoldensis, Frondicular'ia woodwardi and Geinitz·ina t·ri­angularis, is 'present ir;' samples from localities 8-15, which a're referredto the Gypseous Stage of the Low·er Bowen Series. .

2. The 'second assemblage confains the important zonal f.o-I'aminif~n·Caleitornella stephensi, together with Trepeilopsis cf. grandis, Nodosariaserocoldensis, Frondicularia woodwardi and Geinitzina triang1tlaris. Itis found in samples from localities 16, 17 and' 18 which are referredto the Dilly stage. As pointed out later in this bulletin, the majorit..y~f these species mayconst.it.ute a distinct assemblage in t.he LowerBow-en Series of Queensland, in th·e Lower Marine Series of New SouthWales, in the Lower Latrobe Series of Tasmania, in the Oallytruarralimestone and Fossil Cliff beds of Western Australia and in thematerial f.rom the Port Keats Bore, Northern Territory.

8. NEW SOUTH WALES.Geologists from the Bureau of Mineral Resources, Oanberra, the

Mines Depa.rtment, New South Wales, Oil Search Limited and theOommonwealth Oil RefinC!ries Limited have made extensive collectionsof r·ocks in the Hunter River District in the hope tha,t micro-fauna1zones could be established. Material was also collected .by Oil SearchLimited from the section at Victoria Pass, Mitchell Highway, and rocksamples from other Permian deposits in New South Wales ,were madeHailable by the Geology Department, Sydney University.

Oores and 'Cuttings from bores have also been investigated. Samplesf;rom the Kulnura Bore, which is sitU'ated 15 miles north-west of Gosfordand which was drilled to a depth of 6,293 feet, were examined micro­scopically during the progress of drilling, and foraminifera were dis­covered at various depths (Raggatt and Orespin, 1940). FOl'aminife·rawere also present in the Balmain Bore, Sydney (Raggatt 'and Crespin,1941) and in Bore J at Ooorabin, 55 miles west of AI,bury (Orespin,1943). The list of localities from which samples containing foramini­fera have been examined is given belo-w.

(i) Foraminiferal occurrences referred to the Upper MarineSeries.

(a) H1~nt'er River District.~1ulbring Stage-

1. West bank of .i-ailway cutting, west of Minimbah.2. Minimbah, Outting, east of station.3. Minimbah-Belford Dome Section (part).4. Long Point, left bank of Hunter River, near Singleton.5. Padua Siding, Singleton-Muswellbrook Railway.6. :NIt. Thorley, Warkworth-road, west flank of LodeI' Dome.

lO

7. John Brown's Reservoir Section, Mulbring-Buchanan-road,Richmond Vale by eastern Spillway.

8. Foster's Bridge Section' east of Mulberry Creek.9: Pelaw-Richmond Main'Railway line section, Portion 1B, Ph.

Stockington.10. Saw Mill, Mulberry Creek, west of Mulbring.11. Rix's Creek, above Muree.12. Warkworth Stock route, Loder i~·ome.

13. M,cDougall's Hill, Singleton.14. Box Tree Hill Cutting, north slope, G,oorangoola-road, north

of Singleton.. MUl'l'eeStage-

15. Minimbah-Belford Dome Section (part).Branxton Stage -

16. Branxton l1ailway cutting, west of Branxton.17. Pothanna Siding, west side of railway cutting.18. Minimbah Section (part).20. Cutting north side of Toad 'alongside railway, opposite bridge

over railway, :l: mile east of Muswellbrook Station.21. Spoil from well on boundaries Portions 6, 7, and 13, Ph.

Brougham, County Durham, west side of Ram~'od Creek..22. Shaft about 20 chains north-west of above locality.23. Wollong (Chapman and Howchin, 1905).24. Belford Dome, east flank.25. .Abbey Green, south of Toad in little creek off Loder's Creek.

(b) Other occurrences referred to the Upper jllnrl>ne Series.26. Foot of Victoria Pass, Mitchell Highway.27. Kulnura Bore from 3,778 feet down to 4,490 feet. .28. Balmain Bore, Sydney from 4,750 feet down to 4,760·feet.

( c) Horizon Unceriain .29. Bore J. Coorabin, at 334 foot.

(ii) Foraminiferal occurrences referred to the Lower MarineSeries.

(a ) Hunter RivM' District.Farley Stage-

30. Top of Farley beds, Farley-road, north-east of RailwayStation.

31. Railway Cutting immediately west of Farley.32. Leconfield section.33. Bishop's Bridge, to Sawyer's Gully Section.34. Rothbury to Black Creek Section.

Allandale Stage- ,35-. One and a half miles south-east of J'acksou's Hill, Pokolbin,36. Pokolbin (Chapman 'and Howchin ),37. -Harper's Hill.38. A little below Harper's Hill tuffs on road near a local road

leading to " Oswald " property.39. Greta-Harper's Hill Section.40. Allandale Railway Cutting, east ~f Allandale,

lO

7. John Brown's Heservoir Section, Mulbring-Buchanan-road,Richmond Vale by eastern Spillway.

8. Foster's Bridge Section' east of Mulberry Creek.9: Pelaw-Richmond Main'Railway line section, Portion 1B, Ph.

Stockington.10. Sa,v Mill, Mulberry Creek, west of Mulbring.11. Rix's Creek, ·above Muree.12. Warkworth Stock ToUtf), LodeI' i~·ome.

13. M,cDougall's Hill, Singleton.14. Box Tr·ee Hill Cutting, north slopc, G,oorangoola-road, north

of Singleton.. MUl'l'eeStage-

15. Minimbah-Belford D,omc Section (part).Branxton Stage -

16. Branxton l1ailway cutting, west of Branxton.17. Pothanna Siding, west· side ·of railway cutting.18. Minimbah Section (part).20. Cutting north side ·of Toad 'alongside railway, opposite bridge

over railway, :l: mile east of Muswellbrook Station.21. Spoil from well on boundaries Portions 6, 7, and 13, Ph.

Brougham, County Durham, west side of Ram~'od Cnxik..22. Shaft about 20 chains north-west of above locality.23. Wollong (Chapman and Howchin, 1905).24. Belford Dome, east flank.25. .Abbey Green, south of Toad in little creek off Loder's Creek.

(b) Other occurrences referred to the Upper jllnrl>ne Series.26. Foot of Victoria Pass, Mitchell Highway.27. Kulnura Bore from 3,778 feet down to 4,490 feet. .28. Babnain Bore, Sydney fr·om 4,750 feet down to 4,760·feet.

( c) Horizon Uncerta.il1.29. Bore J. Coorabin, at 334 foot.

(ii) Foraminiferal occurrences referred to the Lower MarineSeries.

(a ) Hunter RivM' District.Farley Stage-

30. Top ·of F:al'ley heds, Farley~road, north-east of RailwayStation.

31. Railway Cutting immediately west of Farley.32. Leconfield secti·on.33. Bishop's Bridge, to Sawyer's Gully Section.34. Rothbury to Black Creek Section.

Allandale Stage- ,35.. One and a half miles south-east of Jackson's Hill, Pokolbin.36. Pokolbin (Chapman 'and Howehin).37. ·Harper's Hill.38. A little below Harper's Hill tuffs on road 11ealJ.· a local road

leading to " Oswald " property.39. Greta-Harper's Hill Section.40. Allandale Railway Qutting, east ~f Allandale.

11--12

TABLE n.-DISTRIBUTION OF PERMIAN FORAl'HL.'lIFERA IN NEW SOUTH WALES.

Upper l\Iarfne Series. Lower ~rarine Series.

.Foraminifera.. Mulbring Stage. MureeStage. Branxton Stage. Ref.

U.l\L

1Ror.Un. Farley Stage. Allandule Stage. Loch- Ite!.

invar. L.l\L

r

e ,

rr~

c

f

f

e

f

f

f

fr

e

f

e

r

a

r

f

f

c

e

f

r

r

r

f

f

f

f

e

r

e

f

f

rr

r

-. r

e

c

e

r

f

f

f

erf

f

r. - -

f

- - - -f

r

f

r

r

f

e

e

....:

e

e

eerf

fr

f

f

f

r

f

rr

f

ef

f

e

ar

ar

e

f

e

e

rf

-' -

r

f

e

e

e

e

e

r

r

r

r

rrre

r

r

e

e

f

e

f

r

r

r

rr

r

a

r

r

f

r

fr

f

a

rr

r

r

r

r

r

r , e

===~ =1= ========1= ~ =; =

c

fr

fr

f

rr

f

r

r

f

r

r

r

r

r

r

e

e

r

r

f

r-rr--

- -..,.. - r

-..,.. r r 'ff r - - r

rr

----- r

--r---

---r-- --r-r-r

f--fer--

fe-eaf- - - f f -- - - -

r -

f--

f r -

e -

r rf f - - r

e r --

c r -

r---

e e - roe e a a

() e ef - r

--==--=-- ==1- - -

Ammodisc1ts oualie Chapm.A. muliieincius Crespin & Parr.A. milletianus ChapmanA. piomoconvexus Chapm, Howehin &

Parr...Hyperamminoides acicula Parr.Hyperammina? rudis Parr.Calcitomella stephensi (Howehin)Tolypammina vagans (Brady)T. umdulata Parr.'I'repeilopsie sp.'I'hurammina papillata BradyReophax subasper Parr.Pelosina hemisphaerica Chapman

Howehin ..Buditoxie cf. rhaeticaChapmanPlacopsilina tenuitesta 'Chapman &

Howehin ..Tetrataxis cf. scutella Cushman &

Waters ..Crithionina teicherii Parr.Lituola sp.Iiumtcammina sp.Haplophraqmoidee sp;H. neocomianus ChapmanAmmobaculiies sp.A. wJolnoughi Cresp. & Parr.A. cf. pSe:ltdospiralis (Williamson)Endothya macella BradyE. bowmani PhiLGlobivalmdina bulloides (Brady)Digitina reCU1·va.ta Crespin & Parr.ef. D. recurnata Crespin & Parr.Textularia exi'mia, Eichw.'I'exiularia sp.Spi1'oplectamlnina sp. 1Spiropleciammina sp. 2Trochammina cf. arenosa Cushman'Prochammina sp.T. pldvillus Crespin & Parr..Trochamminoidee anceps (Brady)N odosaria serocoldensis CrespinN. i1'winensis HowehinN. permiana (Spandel)N. tantiqua Chap. & How.N. pymrnidis Chap. & How.N. sp.Dentalina b1'adyi SpandelLinqulina ([avid·i Chap., Howehin &

Parr.Frondiculariaporri Crespin'P. woodwardi HowehinErondiculario. sp ...Geinitzina triangularis Chapman &

Howehin ..

-----------------1-1-.'12'-':..': e. ,.' e. s, io. H. H. H. H. H. H. H. H. is. H. H. H. H .... H. ". H.~ H. ",. ""-""- H .... H. ,,: H'I~"'.~ H. H. ~

----~ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - r - - - - - --

1251.-3

11-·12

TABLE n.-DISTRIBUTION OF PERMIAN FORAl'HL.'lIFERA IN NEW SOUTH WALES.

Upper l\Iarfne Serie~. Lower ~rarine· Seriec;.

I.Foraminifera.. i\Iulbring Stage. ~Iuree Branxton Stage. Ref. Ror. Farley Stage. AlIandale Stage, Loch· Ite!.

Stage. U.lIL Un. invar. L.lIf.

-'---

1.1~1~1~'~I

35. 36: 37. 'I~~~--

6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33, 34. 41. 42. 43.------ ------

Ammodisc1ts ovall:s Chapm. -- -----. r - -A. multicinct1t8 Crespin & Parr. e e e f e - e e f r e r f r f f e e r e f r fA. milletianus Chapman f - r - f f r r r r r e r r e fA. planoconvex1t8 Chapm. Howehin &

Parr.. '. r rHyperamminoides acicula Parr. e e - r e e e e e f e r f f e r, e e r e r r e e f f f f e f e e r c e eHyperammina? rudis Parr. -- - -- I r r1-- r -1- rGalcitornella stephensi (Howehin) -- -- - - -- - - r f e e e fTolypammina vagans (Brady) r -- - - r - -1- r rT. undulata Parr. -- - - - - -- - - - r'1'repeilopsi~ sp. -- - - - - - - - r

~I=='=1=

Thurammina papillata Brady -- - - - - -1- - rReophax sltbasper Parr. r f r - r r r r - -Pelosina hemisphaerica Chapman &

Howehin - - -- - - - -- r rRuditaxis cf. rhaeticaChapman -- - - - - - -- rPlacopsilina tenuitesta 'Chapman &

Howehin - - - - - - -Tetrataxis cf. -sr.1ttella Cushman &

Waters -- -- - rGrithl:onina teicherti Parr. f f - - r r - r r r fLituola sp. r rIiumtcammina sp. ....:Haplophragmoide-s sp; r fH. neoc01nianus Chapman f I' fAmmobawlites sp. -- - - r rA. wJolnoughi Cresp. & Parr. e r - - r - r - r r r r f e r f f f r e fA. cf. p8e:ltdospiralis (Williamson) - - - - - rEndothya m'lcella :Brady - -- -- I'

E. bowmani PhiL - - - -- rGlobivalmdina bulloides (Brady) - - - -- rDigitina reCU1'vata Crespin & Parr. e I' - f - - f c r r f e e e f f e f e f f eef. D. reC1trvata Cres'pin & Parr. e fTextularia exi'mia. Eiehw. f r - -- - - -- e f rTextularia sp. ~ -- - - r fSpiroplectamlnina sp. 1 f -- -- --Spiroplectammina sp. 2 - - - - -- e r. I' eTrochammina cf. arenosa Cushman e - -- r I' r r e f fTrochammina sp. -- -- - I' e f r f fT. pldvillus Crespin & Parr.. I' r 'f r r eTrochamminoides anceps (Brady) I' - f r - - r r r I' ·f rN odosaria seroeoldensis Crespin -- - - -- -- - I' f f r r~N. irwinensi8 Howehin

=1N. permiana (Spandel) - - - -

=1=1r

N.?antiqlta Chap. & How. - - -- rN. p1jmmidis Chap. & How. -- - - r -IN. sp.. '. ., I'

Dentalina brad1ji Spanclel - - - -- -Lingnlina ([avid·i Chap., Howehin &

Parr. -- -- rProndienlal'iapal'ri Crespin - - -- f eP. woodwardi Howehin - - -- - - - - - I' e f r f rProndiwlaria sp... -- -- -- ..:. I'

Geinitzina trian(Julari-s Chapman &Howehin 1- - - - -- -- e I' e r ....: r f e f f

1251.-3

13

Lockinvar Stage--41. Cranky Corner.42. Paterson.

(b) Other occurrence referred to the Lower Marine Series.43. Kulnnra Bore, 4,667 feet down to 6,019 feet.

Table ,n. summarizes the information available concerning theoccurrence and distribution of foraminifera in the Upper Marine Seriesand Lower Marine Series of New South Wales. The tabulation isbasedc.hiefly on the writer's examination of samples from the localitieslisted above but the work of Chapman and Howohin (1905) is alsoincluded. For convenience, numerical designations are given to thelocalities which are given above.

NOTES ON THE ASSEMBI"A(}ES.

Three assemblages of foraminiferal species are recognized tentativelyin the Permian rocks of New South Wales. One is characteristic of theUpper Marine Series; a second of the Victor-ia Pass section and thethird of the Lower Marine Series.

(i) The most characteristic assemblage offoraminifera found inrocks referred to the Upper Marine Series, is present in the shales andsandstones of the Hunter River District. It contains Hyperamminoidesacicula, Ammodiscus meiliioimctu«, AmmobacuZites wooZnou.ghi, andTroch.amanina puZviZZus. H. aciculo. and A. multicinctus are the com­monest species, the former being sometimes the only foraminifer presentin a sample. H. acicuZa is of little zonal value as it is well distributedin the Permian rocks of Australia.

An attempt can be made to zone the Upper Marine Series in NewSouth Wales. A. muliicincius is abundant in the Mulbring Stage, thetopmost zone of the Series. It is. frequently associated withC,rithionina teicherti, a species described by Parr (1941) from theWandagee Beds in Western Australia, which :areplaced high in thePermian sequence in that State.

Not enough material has been examined from the Muree Stag~"toshow any distinctive foraminifera.

Digitinn recuruaia is the most prominent species in the beds referredto the Branxton Stage. This form is especially prominent in theMuswellbrook deposits. Two other species, FrondicuZaria woodwo,rdiand Geiniizin« triangularis, typical of the Lower Marine assemblageoccur in the Branxton Stage, being especially noticeable in the lowerpart of the section. Ohapman and Howchin record both species fromWoHong.

(ii) The second assemblage of foraminifera contains Hyperarn.mi­noides aciculti, A.mmodiscus multicinctus (these two species being lessprominent than in assemblage 1), Ammobaculites uioolnouqh», 'I'rocham­mina cf. «renosa, Textularia eximia and Digitina recurvata. Thisassemblage is well developed in the sediments at the foot of the VictoriaPass section, Mitchell Highway. Some authorities refer this section tothe Mulbring horizon but Foraminiferal evidence suggests that it maybelong to the Branxton. The two species, Frondicularia woodwardi andOe~nifzina triangular~8mentioned above are recorded from this locality.Neither of these speeies have been recorded from beds higher than the

13

Lockinvar Stage--41. Cranky Corner.42. Paterson.

(b) Other occurrence referred to the Lower Marine Series.43. Kulnnra Bore, 4,667 feet down to 6,019 feet.

Table ,n. summarizes the information available concerning the(}ccurrence and distribution of foraminifera in the Upper Marine Seriesand Lower Marine Series of New South Wales. The tabulation isbasedc.hiefly on the writer's examination of samples from the localitieslisted above but the work of Chapman and Howchin (1905) is alsoinduded. For conv'enience, numerical designations are given to thelocalities which are given above.

NOTES ON THE ASSEMBI"A(}ES.

Three assemblages of foraminiferal species are recognized tentativelyin the Permian rocks of New South Wales. One is characteristic of theUpper Marine Series; a second of the Vrctoria Pass section and thethird of the Lower Marine Series.

(i) The most characteristic assemblage offoraminifera found inrocks referred to the Upper Marine Series, is present in the shales andsandstones of the Hunter River District. It contains Hyperamminoidesacicula, Ammodiscus rnrulticwtus, AmmobacuZites wooZnou.ghi, andTro.chammina puZviZZus. H. acicuZa :and A. multicinctus are the com­monest species, the former being sometimes the only foraminifer presentin a sa;mple. H. acicuZa is of little zonal v~lue as it is well distributedin the Permian rocks of Australia.

An attempt can be made to zone the Upper Marine Series in NewSouth Wales. A. multicincius is abundant in the Mulbring Stage, thetopmost zone of tb-e Series. It is. frequently associated withC,rithionina teicherti, a species described by Parr (1941) from theWandagee Beds in Western Australia, which :areplaced high in thePermian sequence in that State.

Not enough material has been examined from the Muree Stag~"toshow any distinctive foraminifera.

Digitinn reC1lTvata is the most prominent species in the bedsreferre.dto the Branxton Stage. This form is especially prominent in theMuswellbrook deposits. Two other species, FTondicuZaria woodwo,rdiand Geinitzina triangularis, typical of the Lower Marine assemblageoccur in the Branxton Stage, being espe,ciaHy noticeable in the lowerpart of the section. Ohapman and Howchin record both species fromWoHong.

(ii) The second assemblage -of foraminifera contains Hyperarn.mi­noides acicula:. A.mmodiscus multicinctus (these two species being lessprominent than in assemblage 1), Ammobaculites woolnoughi, 1'rocham­mina cL arenosa, Textularia eximia and Digitina recurvata. Thisassemblage is well developed in the sediments at the foot of the VictoriaPass section, Mitchell Highway. Some authorities refer this section tothe Mulbring horizon but fOl'3miniferal evidence suggests that it maybelong to the Branxton. The two species, Frondicularia woodwardi andOe~nifzina triangular~8mentioned above are recorded from this locality.NeIther of these speCIes bave been recorded from beds higher than the

14

. Branxton in New South Wales and oCCUr only at the base of the sectionscorrelated with the Upper Marine Series in other parts of Australia. Itis important to note also that this assemblage occurs in sediments typicalof the Farley Stage, which is at the top of the Lower Marine Series.

(iii) A most distinctive assemblage of foraminifera occurs in thebeds referred to the Allandale Stage of the Lower Marine Series; It wasrecorded first by Chapman and Howchin from a limestone at Pokolhinin the Hunter River District (1905). The assemblage is dominated byCalciiornella. stephensi, the associated species being Trepeilopsis sp.,N odosaria irw1:nensis, Frondicularia woodwardi and Geinitzina triangu­laris. A similar assemblage is present in the Dilly Stage of the 1..ewerHowen Series of Queensland.

C. TASN\ANIA.There has been little investigation of' the Permian .rocks of Tas­

mania for microfaunas, although the extent of the deposits is consider­able. Howchin (1894) described foraminifera from the Piper Riverlimestone near Karoola in the north-eastern parrof the island, and thewriter (1944) listed several species from rocks near Oonah, in thenorth-west. The rocks fromOonah were collected by Mr. P. B. Nyeof the, Bureau of Mineral Resources, who, more recently, obtainedspecimens of micaceous shale from the mouth of the Tasmanite shaleadit at Latrobe, 40 miles east of Oonah, which contained a foraminiferalassemblage similar to that from Oonah.

{j) Foraminiferal, occurrences correlated tentatively with theUpper Marine Series of New South Wales.

1. Oonah, 23 miles north of Waratah, on. the mail) .Somerset­Waratah road.

2.' Mouth of the 'I'asmanits shale adit, Latrobe.

iiiJ foraminiferal occurrences correlated with the Lower MarineSeries of New South Wales.

3. Piper River, near Karoola.

TA~LE; IlL-DISTRIBUTION OF PERlVIIAN FORAlVIINIFERA IN TASM:ANIA.

Foraminifera. 1. 2. 3.

r

r

oI'

I'

I' l'

o 0o 0

fff ffcI'

I'

I'

fI' ffI'

f

.,.,...,..---;--,---,-------------------1--- ------·A.~~~di8CUS,multicinctus (Form A) Crespin & Parr,4mmodiscUs multicinctus (Form B)Byperarivminoides acicula Parr.Hsrperamminoides sp. novoByperamminoides sp.

, Crithionina teicherti Parr ','Pelosina hemisphaerica Chapman & HowchinPelosina sp.Reophax sp.Lituola sp,Am'l1wbaculites 'Uloolnoughi Crespin & ParrA mmobaculites sp.-cf, N odoeinellaTextularia sp.Digitina recurvata Crespin & ParrCalcitornella stephensi (Howchin)Hemiqordiue echlumberqeri (Howchin)Prochammina sp.Nodosaria of. permiana SpandelFrondicularia Sp.·Geinitzina trianqularis Chapman & Howchiu ..

14

. Branxton in New South Wales and oCCUr only at the base of the sectionscorrelated with the Upper Marine Serieb in other parts of Australia. Itis important to note also that this assemblage occurs in sediments typicalof the FarIey Stage, which is at the top of the Lower Marine Series.

(iii) A most distinctive assemblage of foraminifera occurs in thebeds refel'red to the Allandale Stage of the Low'er Marine Series; It wasrecorded first by Chapman and Howchin from a limestone at PDkolbinin the Hunter River District (1905). The assemblage is dominated byCalcitomella stephensi, the associated species being Trepeilopsis sp.,N odosaria irw1:nensis, Prondicularia woodwardi and Geinitzina triangu­laris. A similar assemblage is present in the Dilly Stage of the 1.. owerBrrwen Series of Queensland.

C. TASN\ANIA.There has been little investigation of' the Permian .rocks of Tas­

mania for microfaunas, although the extent of the deposits is consider­able. Howchin (1894) described foraminifera from the Piper Riverlimestone near Karoola in the north-eastern 'partof the island, and thewriter (1944) listed several species from rocks near Oonah, in thenorth-west. The rocks fromOonah were collected by Mr. P. B. Nyeof the, Bureau of Mineral Resources, who, more recently, obtainedspecimens of micaceous shale from the mouth of the Tasmanite shaleadit at Latrobe, 40 miles east of Oonah, which contained a foraminiferalassemblage similar to that from Oonah.

{j) Foraminiferal, occurrences correlated tentatively with theUpper Marine Seri,es of New South Wales.

1. Oonah, 23 miles north of WaI'atah, on. the mail) .somerse,t­Waratah road.

2.' MDuth of the Tasmanite shale adit, Latrobe.

iiiJ foraminiferal occurrences correlated with the Lower MarineSeries of New South Wales.

3. Piper River, near Karoola.

TA~LE; IlL-DISTRIBUTION OF PERlVIIAN FORAlVIINIFERA IN TASM:ANIA.

:Foraminifera. 1. 2. 3.

r

r

cr

r

r r

c cc cfff ffcrrrfr ffrf

.,.,...,..---;--,---,-------------------1--- ------·A.~~~di8CUS,multicinctus (Form A) Crespin & Parr,4mmodiscUs multicinctus (Form B)Byperarillminoides acicu/,a ParrByperamminoides sp. novoByperamminoides sp.

, Crithionina teicherti Parr ','Pelosina hemisphaerica Chapman & HowchinPelosina sp.Reophax sp.Lituola sp.Am'l1wbaculites Uloolnoughi Crespin & ParrA mmobaculites sp.

·cf. N odosinellaTextularia sp.Digitina recurvata Crespin & ParrCalcitornella stephensi (Howchin)Hemigordius schlumbergeri (Howchin)Trochammina sp.Nodosaria cf. permiana SpandelFrondicularia Sp.·Geinitzina t1'iangularis Chapman & Howchiu ..

15

NOTES ON THE ASSE~lBLAGES.

Two assemblages : of foraminiferal species are present in thePcrmian rocks of Tasmania so far examined. One is tentatively cor­related with the Upper Marine Series of New South Wales and theother with the Lower Marine .Series "of that State.

(i) The assemblage in the sediments near Oonah and Latrobo isdominated by an extraordinary development of the species Ammodiscusmtdticinctus, both the microspheric and, megalospherie generations beingpresent in large numbers. ' The associated forms in the Oonah material,Ifyperamminoiiles acicula (together with numerous tests of a newspecies of that genus), Digitina recurvaia. and Orithionina ieicherii,suggest a correlation with the lower portion of the Upper Marine Seriesof New South vVales.

(ii) The second assemblage is dominated by the species Oolciu»­nella siephensi, with associated species ITemsqordius schlaomberqeri, andGeinitzina triangularis.. It is present in the Piper River limestone andis referred to the Lower Latrobe Series (Voisey, 1938). This assemblagehas its equivalents in the Dilly Stage of the Lower Bowen Series ofQueensland, Allandale Stage of the Lower Marine Series of New SouthWales and the Callytharra limestone, Fossil Cliff beds and N ura N uralimestone of Western Australia and beds in the Port Keats Bore,Northern Territory.

D. WESTERN AUSTRALIA.Extensive collections of Permian rocks nave been made by geologists

attached to Oil Search Limited, the Oommonwealth Oil RefineriesLimited, Freney Kimberley Oil 00., and Oaltex (Anst.) Oil Develop-

. ment 00. during their geological reconnaissances in the search for oilin the North-West Basin and Kimberley areas of Western Australia.The bulk of this material has been examined by the writer. Cores fromthe N errima Bore, West Kimberley District have also been studied.. Localities from which foraminifera have been obtained. are listedbelow. They include those given by W. J. Parr in 1940. '

(i ~ Foraminiferal occurrences correlated with the Upper MarineSeries of New South Wales. '

(a) Upper Eerruqinoue Stage, Kimberley Area.1. Six miles north-west of the North-west Hill Kimberley.i' ,.,

2. South-west corner of the north-east Structure at Bell's Ridge,Kimberley.

(b) Wanqagee Beds, 111inilya Area, North-WesiBcsin,s. Wandage.e Station, i mile upstream from Garden Outcamp

Minilya River. '4. Wandagee Station, 1 mile below Coolkilya Pool.5. Minilya River, 1 mile upstream from Wandagee Homestead.6. (a) Nalbia Paddock about 110 chains due east of 'I' rig.

Station, Wandagee Hill. ,(b) Coolkilya Flat approximately 1 mile south of Homestead­

Garden-road and 1 mile east of Shed-Outcamp tele­phone line.

7. (a) .South of Minilya River.(b) Minilya-road, Coolkilya Flat, east limb of syncline north

of Wandagee Hill. . ,

15

NOTES ON THE ASSE~lBLAGES.

Two a5semblag'3s' of foraminiferal species are present in thePermian rocks of Tasmania so far examined. One is tentatively cor­related with the Upper Marine Series of New South Wales and thEother with the Lower :1i1arine ,series '-of that State.

(i) The assemblage in the sediments near Oonah and Latr-obe isdominated by an extraordinary development of the species Ammodisctl,smtdticinctus, both the microspheric and, megalospher~c generations beingpresent in large numbers. ' The associated forms in the Oonah n1aterial,Ifyperamminoiiles acicnla (together with numerous tests of a newspecies of that genus), Digitina rectlrwr.ia and Orithionina te1:cherf.i,suggest a correlation with the lower portion of the Upper Marine Seriesof New South vVales.

(ii) The second assemblage is dominated by the species Calcitm­nelZa stephensi, with associated species ITemigordius schZnmbergeri, andGeinitzina triangularis.. It is present in the Piper River limestone andis referred to the Lowel' Latrobe Series (Voisey, 1938). This assemblagehas its equivalents in the Dilly Stage of the Lower Bowen Series of(~ueensland, Allandale Stage of the Lower Marine Series of New SouthWales and the Oallythaua limestone, Fossil Oliff beds and N ura N uralimestone of Western Australia and beds in the POl't Keats Bore,N'orthern Territory.

D. WESTERN AUSTRALIA.Extensive collections of Permian rocks nave been made by geologists

attached to Oil Search Limited, the Oommonwealth Oil RefineriesLimited, Freney Kimberley Oil 00., and Oaltex (1.\.ust.) Oil Develop-

. tnent 00. during their geological reconnaissances in the search for oilin the North-West Basin and Kimberley areas of Western Australia.The bulk of this material has been examined by the writer. Oores fromthe N errima Bore, vVest Kimberley District have also been studied.. Localities from which foraminifera have been obtained. are listedbelow. They include those given by W. J. Parr in 1940. '

(i ~ Foraminiferal occurrences correlated with the Upper MarineSeries of New South Wales. '

(a) Upper FerruginotlS Stage, Kimberley Area.1. Six miles north-west of the North-west Hill Kimberley.i' ,.,

2. South-west corner of the north-east Structure at Bell's Ridge,Kimberley.

(b) Wanqagee Beds, 111inilya Area, North-lVestBasin.iL Wandage.e Station, i mile upstream from Garden Outcamp

Minilya River. '4. Wandagee Station, 1 mile below Ooolkilya Poo1.5. Minilya River, 1 mile upstream from Wandagee Homestead.6. (a) Nalbia Paddock about 110 chains due east of l' rig.

Station, Wandagee Hill. ,(b) Coolkilya Flat approximately 1 mile south of Homestead­

Garden-road and 1 mile east of Shed-Outc:amp tele­phone line.

7. (a) ,South of Minilya River.(b) nrGnilya-road, Ooolkilya Flat, east limb of syncline north

of Wandagee Hill. . ,

16

(c) Burna Burna Paddock, Wan-dagee Station, on Wandagee­Mia Mia-road, about B miles in 231 0 5' from BurnaBurna Hill.

, 8. (a) South side of Minilya River, near Ooolkilya Pool,Wandagee Station"

(b) East of Coolkilya Paddock, 865 links west of Teichert,Higgins and Utting's Station LIl., traverse 20th May,1939. .

(c) Extreme ~outl~-eas't corner of Coolkilya Paddock.9. About 1 mile west of Cundlego Well, Miriilya River.

(c) Byro Beds, (}ascoyne Area, North-West Basin.10. Gascoyne River at Jimha Jimba Homestead.11. Gascoyne River, left bank, :! mile below hotel.12. Gascoyne-Lyons motor- road crossing.13. Bank opposite hotel, Gascoynn Junction.14. Left bank of creek flowinp; into Gascoyne River at L9C. 9

(O.O.R.)15". Right hank, Gascoyne River, 2 miles below Bidgemai Home­

stead.16. Excavation of well at Merlingleigh .StationWoolshed.17. Half mile west of junction of Vinabooka .Oreek and Gascoyne

. River.(d) Horizon uncertain.

18. Mt. Pierre Well at 90 feet.(ii) Forominifercl occurrences correlated with the Lower Marine

Series of New South Wales.(a.) Nura Nura Limestone of the Kimberley 11rea.

19. Low scarp north of hill " b ", south of road, Grant Range.20. N errima Bore, West Kimberley Area, from 38 feet down to

424 feet.21. Layman's Bore, Quarnbin Station, West Kimberley.

(b) Callytharl'a Limestone of the N orih- West Basin.22. Pell's Crossing, Gascoyne River.23. Two miles north-east of Lyons River Homestead.24. Twelve miles south of Lyons River Homestead.25. Minginoo Homestead, Gascoyne.26. Five miles north-east of Dairy Creek, Gascoyne,27. Two miles west of Oarey Downs turn off, main Byro-Glen-

burg-rcad, Gaseoyne.28. Bidgemai-Wyndham Gap.29. Wyndham River, 1 mile below Gap:30. Callytharra, W ooramel River.31. Mouth of .Salt Gully, Callytharra. ,32. Section 4 to 8 miles north of K34 (Waterford Loc.), S miles

south of Arthur River Station' Outcamp.33. Limestone in Creek on west side of W ooramel and close to

Wooramel.(c) Irwin River A1"eo,.

34. Fossil Oliff, .Irwin River,Table IV. summarizes the information available concerning the

occurrence and distribution of foraminifera in the Perrnian deposits inWestern Australia which are correlated with the Upper Marine andLower: Marine Series of New South Wales. For convenience, numericaldesignations are given to the localities listed above.

16

(c) Burna Burna Paddock, Wan-dagee Station, on Wandagee­Mia Mia-ro,ad, about.3 miles in 231 0 5' from BurnaBurna Hill.

, 8. (a) South side of Minilya River, near Ooolkilya Pool,Wandagee Station"

(b) East of Coolkilya Paddock, 865 links west of Teichert,Higgins and Utting's Station LIl., traverse 20th May,1939. .

(c) Extreme ~outl~-eas't corner of Coolkilya Paddock.9. About 1 mile west of Cundlego Well, Minilya River.

(c) Byro Beds, (}ascoyne Area, North-West Basin.10. Gascoyne River at Jimha Jimba Homestead.11. Gascoyne River, left bank, :! mile below hotel.12. Gascoyne-Lyons motor- road crossing.13. Bank opposite hotel, Gascoyne Junction.14. Left bank ,of creek flowinp; into Gascoyne River at L9C. 9

(O.O.R.)15". Right hank, Gascoyne River, 2 miles below Bidgemai Home­

stead.16. Excavation Df well at Merlingleigh ,stationWoolshed.17. Half mile west of j,unction of Vinabooka ,Oreek and Gascoyne

. River.(d) Horizon uncertain.

18. Mt. Pierre Well at 90 feet.(ii) F0,raminiferal occurrences correlated with the Lower Marine

Series of New South Wales.(a.) N1~ra Num Limestone of the Kimberley 11rea.

19. Low scarp north of hill " b ", south of road, Grant Range.20. N errima Bore, West Kimberley Area, from 38 feet d,own to

424 feet.21. Layman's Bore, Quamb;.n Station, West Kimberley.

(b) Callytharl'a Limestone of the N 6rth-West Basin.22. Pell's Orossing, Gascoyne River.23. Two miles north-east of Lyons River Homestead.24. Twelve miles south of Lyons River Homestead.25. Minginoo Homestead, Gascoyne.26. Five miles north-east of Dairy Oreek, Gaecoyne.27. Two miles west of Oarey Downs turn off, main Byro-Glen-

burg-road, Gaseoyne.28. Bidgemai-Wyndham Gap.29. Wyndham River, 1 mile below Gap:30. Callytharra, W ooramel River.31. Mouth of ,salt Gully, Callytharra. ,32. Section 4 tD 8 miles north of K34 (Waterford Loc.), S .miles

south of Arthur River Station' Outcamp.33. Limestone in Creek on west side of W ooramel and close to

Wooramel.(c) Irwin River A1"eo,.

34. Fossil Oliff, .Irwin River,Table IV. summarizes the informatiDn available concerning the

occurrence and distribution of foraminifera in the Permian deposits inWestern Australia which are cOIl'l:elated with the Upper Marine andr~ower'Marine Series of New South Wales. For convenience, numericaldesignations are given to the localities listed above.

17-18

TABLE IV.-DISTRIBUTION OF PERMIAN FORAMINIFERA IN WESTERN AUSTRALIA.

Correlated with Upper Marine Series of New South Wales. ..Correlated with Lower Marine Series of New South Wales.

Foraminitera.Up. I ? IrwlnFer, Wandagee Beds. Byro Beds. Hor. Nura Nura. Callytharra Limestone. R.

l. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 2l. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 2S. 29. 30. 3l. 32. 33. 34.- - - - -- - ------------------------------------------------------

Ammodiscus milletianus Chapm, - - - - r - - - - - - r - - r - - r - - - - - - - - - f - - - - - rA. multicinctus Crespin &; Parr - - - - - - - - - - f r r f - - - - - - - - - - - - - r - - - - - -A. nitidus Parr - - c - r - c c -t- - r - - r r - - r - r r - - - - - - - - r r - - -A. umndaqeeensis Parr - - - - - c c c - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - I - -llyperamminoide8 acicula Parr - - c c c - c c r f r - - f c -. f - r c r - - - - - r c r - r r r -H. coleyi Parr - - - - - - c c - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Hypermmninoides sp. - - - - - - - - - - - - r - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Hyperammina ? rudis Parr " - - - - - - - r - - r - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - f - - -Calcitomella stephensi (How.) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - c r - - r o f f c r - c c r C fGlomospira adherens Parr - - - - - - - c - - - ....,. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Glomospira sp. .,

"- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - r - - - - - I -

Trepeilopsis ef. grandis Cnshman &;Waters '. - - - - - - - - - - - - - =- - - - _. - ~ - - - r r r r f - c c r f f

A pertinella cf. qrahamensis (Harlton) .. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - '- r - - - - - - - - - r r - - -Tolypammina nauiulata Parr - - - - - - e c - - - - - r - - - - - - - - - - - - - -c r - - - - -Peammosphaera pulsilla Parr - - - - - - - r - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Thuramrninapapillata Brady ...." - r - f - r r - .- - - - t: - - - - - - - - - - - - - r - - - - - -Orithionina teicherii Parr - - r - r - - C - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - r - - - - - -Hemiqordius schlumberqeri (Howohin) - - - - ~ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - r - - - - r r - f r r r CRcophax subasper Parr "

- - - - - - - r - -'- r -. - r - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -R. tricameratus Parr - - - - - - - r - - - - - r - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -cf. Septammina sp. - - - - - - - - ~ - - - - r - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Haplophraqmium. sp. - - - - - - - - - - - ~ - - r - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Haplophraqmoides sp. 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - r - r - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -II aplophragmoides sp. 2 " - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - r - - - - - -A mmobaculites sp. " - - - - - - - - - - - - - r - - - - - -:- - - - - -' - - - - - - - - -A. woolnoughi Crsspin & Parr - - r r r - - r - - r - r - f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Digit·ina recuruata Crespin &; Parr '. - - - - - - ,- - - - - - - f f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -.Textularia eximia Eichw. - - - - - - - - - - - - - r r - ""7 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -T'extularia sp. '. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - r - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - _.Spiroplectammina sp. ' .. - - r - - - - - - - r - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,- - - - - r - - - -Nodosinella sp. ,. .. - - - - - - - - - - r - - - - r - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Tetrataxis conica Ehr. .. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .- - - - - - - r - - - - - r - - r - - .-Bigenerina sp. .. .. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - r - - - - - - - - - - - - - --Endothyra cf. media Waters .. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - rTrochammina subobtusa Parr .. - - r r f - - r - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - r - --Verbeekina sp. " r - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Neosehsoaqerina sp .. - r - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Nodosaria irwinensis Howchin " - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - f r - - - - - r c - f c - - rN. eerocoldensis Crespin " - - - - r - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - r - .-N. sp. " - - - - r - - - - - - - - - - - - - - f - - - - - - - - - f c - - rDentolina grayi Crespin " - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - f - - - - - - - - - - - ~ - -Frondicularia parri Crespin - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - f r - - - - - - - - - - - - -F. woodwardi Howchin .. " - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - c r f f - - - r r - C r - ,- fGeinitzina trianqularis Chapman & How.

Ichin " .. ..' ". - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - r - - - - f -1251.-4

17-18

TABLE IV.-DISTRIBUTION OF PERMIAN FORAMINIFERA IN WESTERN AUSTRALIA.

Correlated with Upper Marine Series of New South Wales. ..Correlated with Lower Marine Series of New South Wales.

FOI;'aminifera.Up. ? IrwlnFer. Wandagee Beds. Byro Beds. Hor. Nura Nura. Callytharra Limestone. R.

l. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 2l. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 2S. 29. 30. 3l. 32. 33. 34.- - - - -- - ------------------------------------------------------

Ammodiscus milletianus Chapm. r r r r f rA. m~llticinctusCrespin &; Parr f r r f rA. uitid~,s Parr 0 r 0 0 r r r r r r rA. wandageeeusis Parr 0 0 0

llyperamminoide8 acicula Parr 0 0 0 0 0 r f r f 0 f r 0 r r 0 r r l'H. coleyi Parr 0 0

Hypermmninoides sp. rHyperammina ? rudis Parr r r fCalcitomella stephensi (How.) 0 r r 0 f f 0 r 0 0 r 0 fGlomospira adherens Parr 0

Glomospira sp. r I -Trepeilopsis of. grandis Cnshman &;

·Waters .' r r r r f 0 0 r f fApertinella of. grahamensts (Harlton) r r rTolypammina nndulata Parr .. c c r rPsammosph((em pulsilla Parr· rThuramrnina papillata Brady . ...." r f r r .- r rOrithionina teicherti Parr r r C rHC1nigordi~,s schl1lmbe1'geri (Howchin) .. r r r f r 0Reophax ~,basper Parr r r rR. tricarn.eratus Parr r rof. Septammina sp... rHaplophragmium sp. rHaplophragmoides sp. I r rllaplophragmoides sp. 2 rA mmobaculites sp. .. rA. woolnoughi Cre"Spin & Parr r r r r r r fDigit·ina recurvata Crespin &; Parr f fTextularia eximia Eichw. r rTextula~ia sp. rSpiroplectammina sp. r r ,- rNodosinella sp. r rTetrataxis conica Ehr. r rBigenerina sp. rEndothyra of. media WatersTrochammina S'ubobtusa Parr .. r r f r rVerbeekina sp. t'Neoschwagerina sp... rNodosaria irwinensis Howohin f r r 0 f 0N. serocoldensis Crespin rN. sp. r f f 0Dentalina grayi Crespin fFrondicularia parri Crespin f rF. woodwardi Howchin 0 r f f r r C .- fG~initzina triang~llaris Chapman & How.

ohin ., .. ..' ". r f

1251.-4

1\)

NOTES ON THE ASSEiV1BLAGES.

FOUl' distinct assemblages of foraminiferal species are recognizedin'the Perrnian rocks of Western Australia. The first is present nearthe top of the sequence in the Upper Ferruginous Beds of .theKimberley area; the second in the Wandagee beds in the Minilya Rivel'area; the third in the Byro beds ill the Gascoyne area and the' fourthin the lower part of the sequence in the Kimberley, North-West Basin,and Lrwiu River areas.

(i) The first assemblage contains the only record in Australia of theimportant zonal foraminiferaof the Permian, the Fusulinids.' The

. genera represented are Neoschaoo.qerina andllerbeelcina (Chapman andParr, 1937). They occur in two localities in. the Kimberley area, inthe topmost bed of the Upper Ferruginous Series (Wade, 1938), whichis considered to be the equivalent of the highest beds in the ITpper~{arineSeries of New .South Wales.

(ii) The second assemblage occurs in the "Wandagee beds in the~Iinilva area of the N orth-West Basin. The Ioraminifera found in thisarea have been described by Parr (1941). The assemblage consists ofAmonodiscus unuulaqeeensis, A. nitidus.. Glomospira adhaerens.. Toly­lmm-m-ina uaululata., H yperam-m-inoides acicula, H yperam-m-ina coleY1and Criiluoniau: teicherti. H. acicula is well represented in the U ppm'.Marine and Lower .Marine Series of New South Wales and in the}1iddle and Lower Bowen Series of Queensland, while C. ieicherii isprominent in the Mulbring Stage of the Upper Marine Series of NewSouth Wales.

(iii) The third assemblage appears in the Byro beds of theGascoyne area, N orth-'i;Vest Basin. Here, Digit·ina recurvata.. A m-mo- .Iraculiie» iooolnouqh.i and A mmodiscus msdiiciucius, characteristicspecies of the Branxton Stage of the Upper Marine Series of New SouthWales, are present.

(iv) The assemblage in theCallytharra limestone, North-WestBasin, in the Fossil Cliff beds, Irwin River area, and in the NuraNura limestone of the West Kimberley area, is dominated by theforaminifer CalcitornelZa siephensi. The associated forms are H emi­qordius schliumberqeri.. N odosaria irw·inensis.. N.serocoldensis.. Frondi­cularia iooodnoard», and Geinitz-ina triangularis. This assemblage issimilar to that found in the Lower Marine Series in New South Walesand 'I'asmania, and in the Lower Bowen Series of Queensland. Species "\restricted to this horizon in Western Australia are Trepeilposis cf.urandis.. H emiqortlius schlumberqeri, Frorulicularia uroodurardi, "Nodo-sari« irunmensis, T eiraiaxis conica and" Geinitzina iriasiqularis. .

A study of the micro-fauna! assemblages in the Permian depositsof Queensland, New South Wales, Tasmania and Western Australiasuggests that the marine deposits met with between the depths of 39feet and 785 feet in the N errima Bore, Kimberley area, can be corre­lated with the Nura Nura limestone of the West Kimberleys. The.Ioraminif'era found between the depths of 39 feet and 424 feet includeOalcitornella steph.ensi, Aperiinella cf. grahamensis Tetrataxis conica,N odosaria irwinensis.. Frondiculctrin. parri.. F. woodwardi and Geinit­??inn tr·inng'l.llar-£s. Mega-foesils were recorded at 548 feet and 626 feetawl the-re was no change in conditions of sedimentation' unti] 810 feet.

1\)

NOTES ON THE ASSEiV1BLAGES.

FOUl' distinct assemblages of foraminiferal species are recognizedin'the Pcrmian rocks of Western Australia. The first is present nearthe top of the sequence in the Upper Ferruginous Beds of .theKimberley area; the second in the Wandagee beds in the Minilya Rivel'area; the third in the Byro beds ill the Gascoyne area and the' fourthin the lower part of the sequence in the Kimberley, North-West Basin,and Irwill River areas.

(i) The firs't assemblage contains the only record in Australia of theimportant zonal foraminiferaof the Permian, the Fusulinids.' The

. genera represented are }-leoschwagerina andllerbeelcina (Chapman andParr, 1937). They occur in two localities in. the Kimberley area, inthe t,opmost bed of the Upper Ferruginous Series (Wade, 1938), whichis considered to be the equivalent of the highest beds in the ITpper~{arineSeries of New .south Wales.

(ii) The second assemblage occurs in the "Wandagee beds in the~Iinilva at'ea of the N orth-vVest Basin. The fo·raminifera found in thisarea have been described by Parr (1941). The assemblage consists ofAm-m-odisc'l.ts 'Wandageeensi~. A. nitidus.. Glom-ospira adhaerens.. Toly­lmm-m-ina ·/.mewlala.. H yperam-m-inoides acicnla, H yperam-m-ina coleY1and C'l"ithionina teicherti. H. acicula. is well represented in the U ppm':NIarine and Lower :Marine Series of New South Wales and in the}1iddle and Lower Bowen Series of Queensland, while C. teicherti isprominent in the Mulbring Stage of the Upper Marine Series of NewSouth Wales.

(iii) The third assemblage appears in the Byro beds of theGascoyne area, N ol'th-'i;Vest Basin. Here, Digit·ina recurvata.. A m-mo- .!,ac1.dites woolnoughi and A m-m-odiscus muUicinet·us, characteristicspecies of the BranxtOD Sta'ge of the Upper Marine Series of New SouthWales, are present.

(iv) The assemblage in theCallytharra limestone, North-WestBasin, in the Fossil Cliff beds, Irwin River area, and in the NuraNura limestone of the West Kimberley area, is dominated by theforaminifer CalcitornelZa stephensi. The a.o:sociated forms are H emi­[Jordius schlum-bergeri.. N odosaria irw·inensis.. N.serocoldensis.. Frondi­culatia woodwardi, and Geinitz-ina triangularis. This assemblage is"imilar to that found in the Lower Marine Series in New South Walesand ~raslnania, and in the Lo~~er Bo\ven Series of Queensland. Species "\restricted to this horizon in Western Australia are Trepeilposis cf.urandis.. H em-igordius schlumbergeri) FiOndicularia woodwardi, "lVodo-ol!1'in 'inuinensis. T etrataxis conica and" Geinitzina t'riangnlaris. .

A study of the micro-faumil assemblages in the Permian deposits.of Queensland, New South Wales, Tasmania and Western Australiasuggests that the marine deposits met with between the depths of 39feet and 785 feet in the N errima Bore, Kimberley area, can be corre­lated with the Nura Nura limestone of the West Kimberleys. Theforaminifera found between the depths of 39 feet and 424 feet includeOalcitornella stephen;;i, Apertinella ·cf. grahamensis Tetrataxis conica.N odosaria irwinensis.. Frondiculctrin. parri.. F. woodwardi and Geinit­??inn tr·inng'l.llar-£s. Mega-fo.osils were recorded at 548 feet and 626 feetawl the-re was no change in conditions of sedimentation' uut:! 810 feet.

20

«; E. NORTHERN TERRITORY.Rocks of Permian age were described from the Port Keats bore bj'

Etheridge, Jll1'. (1907) who recorded and figured (lolciiornellasiephenei from samples obtained between the depths of 554 feet and574 feet. The beds are correlated with beds containing C.stephensiin the Lower Bowen of Queensland, Lower Marine Series of New SouthWales, and· Tasmania, and with those in Western Australia which areconsidered as representing these Series in that State.

4.. CONDITIONS DURING SEDIMENTATION OF. THEPERMIAN ROCKS OF AUSTRALIA.

The foraminiferal assemblages indicated in Tables I. to IV. insection 3, point to differences in climatic and bathymetric conditionsunder which the Permian deposits of Australia were laid down.

1. The assemblage which. is dominated by Calciiorneila sieph.ensiand which is eharacteristio of the Lower Marine Series and its corre­lates in all States, suggests the existence of shallow, warm conditioneat the time of its deposition.

2: The foraminiferal assemblages in the Upper Marine Series con­tain many genera which-are living in the seas at the present day andan ecological study of these forms gives. a fairly reliable indication ofclimatic and bathymetric conditions during' deposition ofth'e beds.comprising the Upper Marine Series. All forms suggest lower tempera­tures and slightly deeper water conditions than were experienceddui:ing the deposition of parts of the Lower Marine Series.

3. The presence of fusulinids in sediments high in the Permiansequence in Western Australia suggests the return in that State atleast, of warmer and shallower- water conditions towards the dose ofthat period.

5. NOTES ON SOME OF THE FORAMINIFERAL SPECIES.It is not intended in thisBulletin to describe any species of Permian

foraminifera from Australian deposits, but short notes are given on thedistinctive forms already known. The majority of the foraminifera·belong to genera whose tests are arenaceous. Amongst these formsthe commonest are Ammodiscus, Hyperamminoides, TextuZaria, Digi-

. tina, Ammobacuiiies and Trochammina. The most important hyalinegenera are N odosaria, Frondicularia and Geinitzina.

One of the most important species, which is widespread in distribu­tion in the Permian rocks of Australia, but which, on present evidence,is restricted in vertical range, is Calciiornella siephensi (Plate 1,Figure 3). This calcareous ~md adherent species was described byHowchin in 1894 from a limestone. from the Piper River, nearKaroola, Tasmania. It appears to be restricted to deposits in' variousStates which can be correlated with the Lower Marine Series of NewSouth Wales. It is common at Pokolbin, New South Wales, and isfound in sediments in the Springsure area in Queensland. It isabundant in the Oallytharra limestone and Fossil Cliff beds, WesternAustralia and is present in samples from the Nerrima Bore, in theKimberley area. It is recorded from the Port Keats Bore, NorthernTerritory.. •

N odosaria irwinensis was described by Howchin (1895) from FossilCliff', Trwin River, Western Australia. It is also found in sediments

20

'. E. NORTHERN TERRITORY.Rocks of Permian age were described from the Port Keats bore bj'

Etheridge, Jll1'. (1907) who recorded and figured CaZcitorneUastephensi from samples obtained between the depths of 554 feet and574 feet. The beds are correlated with beds containing C.stephensiin the Lower Bowen of Queensland, Lower Marine Series of New SouthWales, and· Tasmania, and with those in Western Australia which areconsidered as representing these Series in that State.

4.. CONDITIONS DURING SEDIMENTATION OF. THEPERMIAN ROCKS OF AUSTRALIA.

The foraminiferal aEsemblages indicated in Tables I. to IV. insection 3, point to differences in climatic and bathymetri.c. conditionsunder which the Permian deposits of Australia were laid down.

1. The assemblage which. is dominated by CaZcitornella stephensiand which is characteristi.c of the Lower Marine Series and its corre­late,;; in all States, suggests the existence of shallow, warm conditioilsat the time of its deposition.

2: The foraminiferal assemblages in the Upper Marine Series con­tain many genera which-,are living in the seas at the present day andan ecological study of these forms gives. a fairly reliable indication ofclimatic and bathymetric conditions during' deposition ofth'e beds.comprising the Upper Mai·ine Series. All forms suggest lower tempera­tures and slightly deeper water conditions than were experiellceddui:ing the deposition of parts of the Lower Marine Series.

3. The presence of fusulinids in sediments high in the Permiansequence in Western Australia sugge~ts the return in that State atleast, ·of warmer and ·shallower ,,;ater conditions towards the dose ofthat period.

5. NOTES ON SOME OF THE FORAMINIFERAL SPECIES.It is not intended in thisBulletin to describe any species of Permian

fQraminifera from Australian deposits, but short notes are given on thedistinctive forms already known. The majority of the foraminifera·belong to genera whose tests are arenaceous. Amongst thes,e formsthe ,commonest are Ammodiscus, Hyperamminoides, TextuZaria, Digi-

. tina, AmmobacuZ~tes and Trochammina. The most important hyalinegenera are N odosaria, FrondicuZaria and Geinitzina.

One of the most important species, which is widespread in distribu­tion in the Permian rocks of Australia, but which, on present evidence,is restricted in vertical range, is CaZcitornella stephensi (Plate 1,Figure 3). This calcareous ~md adherent species wa,;; described byHowchin in 1894 from a limestone. from the Piper River, nearKaroola, Tasmania. It appears to be restricted to deposits in' variousStates which can be correlated with the Lower Marine Series ·of NewSouth Wales. It is common at Pokolbin, New South Wales, and isfound in sediments in the Springsure area in QUefmsland. It isabundant in the Oallytharra limestone and Fossil Oliff beds, WesternAustralia and is pre~ent in samples from the Nerrima Bore, in theKimberley area. It is recorded from the Port Keats Bore, NorthernTerritory.. •

N odosaria irwinensis was described by Howchin (1895) from FossilOliff, Irwin River, Western Australia. It is also found in sediments

21

in the N orth-"Vest Basin. It is not a common form and the only recordin the eastern States is from the Lower Marine Series at Pokolbin,

. New South Wales.N odosaria serocoldensis (Plate 1, Figures 6 and 7) was recently

described by the writer (1944) from the Lower Bowen Series' in theSpringsure area, Queensland. It is present in both the Upper Marineand Lower Marine ·Series of New South Wales and in beds that canbe correlated with those two Series in Western Australia..

Geinitzinn trinngl~laris (Plate 1, Figures 14 and 15) was describedby Ohapman and Howchin (1905) from the Pokolbin liniestone, NewSouth Wales, and is usually found associated' with Colcitornellastephenei. Although it is found in Western Australia and ,Queensland,as well as in New South Wales, .it is a comparatively rare species.It occurs in the Lower Bowen Series in the Springsure area in Queens­land, from localities in the Lower Marine Series in the Hunter Riverdistrict in New South Wales, and from Fossil Cliff and from theGascoyne area in Western Australia.

Frondioularia lVoodwnrdi (Plate 1, Figures' 12 and 13) described byHowchin (1895) from Fossil Oliff, Irwin River, Western Australia, iswidely distributed in the Permian rocks of Australia. In New South

. Wales its vertical range is restricted to the basal portion of the Upper.Marine Series, and ranges down to the Allandale Stage of the LowerMarine Series. In the Springsure area, Queensland, there. are tworecords of F.woodw(~rdi in the Middle Bowen Series, while largetests, representing both the microspheric and the megalospheric genera­tions are common in some of the deposits referred to the Lower BowenSeries. In Western Australia, it is restricted to the horizon representedby the Fossil Oliff beds and the Callytharra limestone.

Frondicularia parri (Plate 1, Figures 10 and 11) Was recentlydescribed (194&) by the writer from the Kulnura Bore inNew SouthWales from the depth oC4,203 feet in sediments referable to the UpperMarine Series (Raggatt and Orespin, 1940). The only .otheroccurrences of this species in New South Wales are also from theKulnura Bore between the depths of 4,020 feet and 4,268 fee-toF.p(~rri is recorded from sediments in the Lower Bowen Series inQueensland.. It is present in the N errima Bore, West Kimberley area,Western Australia between the depths of 39' feet and :2:i2 feet, whereit is associated with a fr.raminiferal assemblage similar to that of theOallytharra limestone.

Species with a more extensive vertical range are more numerousthan those already noted and belong chiefly to arenaceous genera.

The most widely distributed foraminiferal species in the Permianrocks of Australia is Hyperam'minoides acicula (Plate 1, Figure 1;Plate 2, Figures 19 and 20) described by Parr (1940) from theWandagee beds near Ooolkilya Pool, Wandagee Station, Western Aus­tralia. H.acicula is' fairly common in those beds which can be corre­lated with. the Upper Marine Series of New South Wales, but is ra rein the lower horizon represented by the Oallytharra limestone andthe Fossil Cliff beds. This elongate, tapering foraminifer is verycommon in both the Upper Marine Series in the Hunter River district,New South Wales. It is also well represented in the Middle andLower Bowen Series in the Spring-sure area in Queensland, and in thedeposit referred to the Upper. Marine Series in Tasmania. Parrrecords specimens of Hiacicula up to 20 mm. in length, but the majority

21

in the N orth-"Vest Basin. It is not a common form and the only recordin the eastern States is from the Lower Marine Series at Pokolbin,

. New South Wales.N odosnru~ serocoldensis (Plate 1, Figures 6 and 7) ,vas recently

described by the writer (1944) from the Lower Bowen Series' in theSpringsure area, Queensland. It is present in both the Upper Marineand Lower Marine ·Series of New South Wales and in beds that canbe correlated with those two Series in Western Australia..

Geinitzinn trinngl~laris (Plate 1, Figures 14 and 15) was describedby Ohapman and H.owchin (1905) from the Pokolbin liniestone, NewSouth Wales, and is usually found associated' with C'nlcitontellastephensi. Although it is found in "Vestern .Allstralia and ,Queensland,as well as in New South Wales, .it is a comparatively rare species.It occurs in the Lowcr Bowen Series in the Springsure area in Queens­land, from localities in the Lower Marine Series in the Hunter Riverdistrict in New South Wales, and from Fossil Oliff and from theGascoyne area in Wester:n Australia.

Frondicularin lVoodwnrdi (Plate 1, Figures' 12 and 13) des~ribed byHowchin (1895) from Fossil Oliff, Irwin River, Western Australia, iswidely distributed in the Permian rocks of Australia. In New South

. Wales its vCl,tical range is restricted to the basal portion of the Upper.Marine Series, and ranges down to the Allandale Stage of the LowerMarine Series. In the Springsure area, Queens·land, there. are tworecords of F.woodw(~rdi in the Middle Bowen Series, while largetests, representing both the microspheric and the megalospheric genera­tions are common in some of the deposits referred to the Lower BowenSeries. In Western Australia, it is restricted to the horizon representedby the Fossil Oliff beds and the Oallythll.rra limestone.

Frondicularin parri (Plate 1, Figures 10 and 11) Was receIftlydescribed (194&) by the writer from the Kulnura Bore inNew SouthWales from the depth oC4,203 feet in sec1iments referable to the UpperMarine Series (Raggatt and Orespin, 1940). The only .otheroccurrences of this species in New South Wales are also from theKulnura Bore between the depths of 4,020 feet and 4,268 fee-toF.p(~rri is recorded from sediments in the Lower Bowen Series inQueensland.. It is present in the N errima Bore, West Kimberley area,Western Australia between the depths of 39' feet and :2:i2 feet, whereit is associated with a fc.·raminiferal assemblage similar to that of theOallytharra limestone.

Species with a more extensive vertical range al'e more numerousthan those already notecl and belong chiefly to arenaceous genera.

The most widely distributed foraminiferal species in the Permianrocks of Australia is Hyperam'minoides acicul(~ (Plate 1, Figure 1;Plate 2, Figures 19 and 20) described by Parr (1940) froDl theWandagee beds near Ooolkilya Pool, Wandagee Station, Western Aus­tralia. H.acicula is' fairly CODlmon in those beds which can be corre­lated with. the Upper Marine Series of New South Wales, but is ra rein the lower horizoll; represented by the Oallytharra limestone andthe Fossil Cliff beds. This elongate, tapering foraminifer is verycommon in both the Upper Marine Series in the Hunter River district,New South Wales. It is also well represented in the Middle andLower Bowen Series in the Spring-sure area in Queensland, and in thedeposit referred to the Upper. Marine Series in Tasmania. Parrrecords specimens of H.aciclda up to 20 mm. in length, but the majority

22

ofspecimens are usually fragmentary: In some of the bore .samples andin many of the rocks from the Hunter River district, this species isthe only foraminifer present.

Ammodiscus multicinctus (Plate 1, Figure 2; Plate 2, Figure 18)described by Orespin and Parr (1940) from beds in the Upper MarineSeries in the Hunter River district is a common species in that Seriesin New South Wales. It occurs less frequently in the Lower MarineSeries. The species is found in both the .Middle and Lower BowenSeries in the Springsure area, Queensland, large tests being presentin the material from Mount Hope Section. In Tasmania, A.multi­cinctus is well developed in the beds at Oonah, referred tentativelyto the Upper Marine Series. The tests are large and both micro­spheric and megalospheric generations are represented. The speciesis not common in Western Australia, where it is apparently replacedby another species A.nitidus.

Ammodiscas nitidus, described by Parr (1940) from the Wandageebeds in the Minilya area of the North-West Basin, ViTestern Australia,i., widely distributed in' beds in that State correlated 'with the UpperMarine Series of New South Wales. It is known from a few localitiesin Western Australia correlated with the Lower Marine' Series.

Crithionina ieich.erii was also described by Parr (1940) from the'Wandagee beds, in Western Australia. It has been recognized in both.the Upper Marine and Lower .Marine Series of New South Wales,with its best development in the .Mulbr.ing Stage of the Upper MarineSeries, which can be correlated in a general·way with thcLype localityfor the species in Western Australia. It has also been found in theOonah beds, Tasmania.

Ammobaculiies 1UooZnoughi (Plate 1, Figure 6; Plate 2, Figures16 and 17) is a widely distributed species described by Orespin and Parr(1940) from beds in the Upper Marine Series in the Hunter Riverdistrict. The species is most abundant in that Series. In Queensland,it is present in both the Middle and Lower Bowen Series, but inWestern Australia it is known only from the beds which can be COI'1'(,­

Jated with the Upper Marine Series of New South Wales,

6. NOTES ON CORRELATION.Basing his conclusions partly on evidence derived from the mega­

fossils and partly on conditions of sedimentation, Teichert (1941)"proposed to correlate in a general way all Western Australian seriesup to and including the Fossil Cliff, Callytharra and N ura NuraSeries with the Lower Marine Series of New South Walesthe Trwin River 'TJppei' Marine', the Upper Byro, Oundlego,Wandagee, Nooncanbah and Upper Ferruginous Series with the UpperMarine "It is belieyed that this scheme of correlation findsgeneral acceptance in Australian. The study _of the micro-fossils fromthese deposits tends to support thi.s correlation, which can be carriedstill further to include Queensland, Tasmania and Northern Territory.-(A drafting' error in Teichert's Correlation Table on page 399 mayhe noted. In this table it is not made clear that the FarJey Stage ispart of the Lower Marine Series).

In considering the distribution of foraminifera in the Permianrocks of Australia, the outstanding assemblage of wide-spreadoccurrence but of limited vertical range, is that dominat.ed by

22

ofspeeimens are usually fragmentary: In some of the bore .samples andin many of the rocks from the Hunter River district, this species isthe only foraminifer present.

Ammodiscus multicinctus (Plate 1, Figure 2; Plate 2, Figure 18)described by Orespin and Parr (1940) from beds in the Upper MarineSeries in the Hunter River district is a common species in that Seriesin New .south Wales. It occurs less frequently in the Lo·wer MarineSeries. The species is found in both the ~1:iddle and Lower BowenSeries in the Springsure ai'ea, Queensland, large tests being presentin the material from Mount Hope Section. In Tasmania, A.multi­cinctus is well developed in the beds at Oonah, referred tentativel}to the Upper Marine Series. The tests are large and both micro­spheric and megalospheric generations are represented. The speciesis not common in Westel'll Australia, where it is apparently replacedby anothe.r species A.nitidus.

Ammodiscu8 nitidus, described by Parr (1940) from the IYandageebeds in the Minilya area of the North-West Basin, ViTesterll Australia,i., widely distributed in' beds in that State correlated 'with the UpperMarine Series of New South Wales. It is known from a few localitiesin ,Yestern A·llstralia eorrelated with the Lower Marine' Serics.

Crithionina teiche7-ti was also described by Parr (1940) from the'Wandagee beds, in Western Australia. It has been recognized in both.the Upper Marine and Lower JliIarine Serie,s of New South Wales,with its best development in the Mulbring Stage of the Upper MarineSeries, which can be correlated in a general·way with the'type localit.)'for the species in Western Australia. It lw.s also been found in theOonah beds, Tasmania.

AmmobacnZites 1UooZnoughi (Plate 1, Figure 6; Plate 2, Figures16 and 17) is a widely distributed species described by Orespin and Parr(1940) from beds in the Upper Marine Series in the Hunter Riverdistrict. The species is most abundant in that Series. In Queenslan{l,it is present in both the Middle and I~oweI' Bowen Series, but inWestern Australia it is known only from th.e beds which can be COI'1'(,­

Jated with the Upper Marine Series of New South ·Wales.

6. NOTES ON CORRELATION.Basing his conclusions partly on evidellce derived from the mega­

fossils and partly on conditions of sedimentation, Teich~)]·t (1941)"proposed to correlate in a general way aJ] Western Australian seriesup to and including the Fossil Oliff, Oallytharra and N ura NuraSeries with the Lower Marine Series of New South Walesthe Irwin River 'TJppei' Marine', the Upper Byro, Oundlego,WalHJagee, Nooncanbah and Upper Ferruginow; Series with the UpperMarine "It is belieyed that this scheme of correlation findsgeneral acceptance in Australian. The study _of the nlicro-fossils fromthese deposits tends to support thi.s ,correlation, which can be carriedstill further to include Queensland, Tasmania and Northern Territory.-(A drafting' error in Teichert's Oorrelation· Table on page 399 mayhe noted. In this table it is not made clear that the FarJey Stage ispart of the Lower Marine Series).

In considering the distribution of foraminifera in the Permianrocks of Australia, the outstanding assemblage of wide-spreadOloC'lllTenCe but of limited vertical ra,nge, is that dominat.ed by

23

.Colciiornella siephensi, It forms a basis for correlation of an horizon illthe Lower Marine Series of New South' Wales with stratigraphic.equivalsnts throughout Australia.

. The eorrelations are as fo11o\vs:-(1) The Allandale Stage of the Lower Marine S~'ries of New

South Wales in the Hunter River District.(2) The Dilly Stage of the Lower Bowen Series of Queensland

in the Springsure area. I

(3) The Lower Latrcbe .Stage of the Lower .Mar.ine Series ofTasmania in the Piper River area.

(4) The Oallytharra limestone, in the North-West Basin, theFossil Cliff limestone in the Irwin River 'area, and theN ura 'Nura limestone in the Kimberley area of WesternAustralia.' . .

(5) The Port Keats bore section, Northern Territory from 554feet down to 574 feet.

In beds slightly higher in the stratigraphic sequence, but still corre­lated with the Lower Marine Series of New South Wales, the correla­tion 'Cannot be recognized over such a large area. The equivalent of theFarley Stage in New South Wales is possibly the Gypseous Stage ofthe Lower Bowen S-eries of Queensland, but further investigations arenecessary to confirm this view ..

In the Upper Marine Series of New South 'Wales, two assemblageshave been recognized and these permit correlation with deposits ofsimilar age in other States.

(i) The assemblage characteristic of the Br anxton Stag-e, the basalsubdivision of the Upper Marine Series in New South Wales, containsHyperamminoides aciculo., Arnmodiscus muliicincius (though not com­mon), Digit1;na recuruaia and Frondicutaria U'oodwardi.

This assemblage suggests the following correlations:-(1) The Tnglelara Stage -of the Middle Bowen Series of

\ Queensland in the Springsure area. .(2) The Branxton Stage of the Upper 'Marine Series of .New

South Wales in the Hunter River District; the VictoriaPass section, Mitchell Highway and the Kulnura Boresection from 3,7'78 feet down to 4,490 feet. .

(3) The Byro Beds of the Gascoyne area, N orth-Wes t Ba sin,W'estern Australia.

(ii) The second assemblage in the Upper Marine' Series of NewSouth W ales contains H yperarnminoicles acicula, Ammodiscus mulii­cincius, A rYIfIThobac1dites uioolnouqh.i and 'I'rocluimsnina puloillu». It is

-charactsristie of the Mulbring Stage, the topmost member of thcUpper M3irine Series.

This assemblage suggests the following correlations:-(1) The Upper Marine Series of New South Wales III the

.Mulbring Stage in the Hunter River District.(2) The Wandagee Beds in the Minilya area of the N orth-West

Basin, Western Australia. At this locality, zl , m1~lti­

cinct1ts· is apparently replaced by another speciesA. n.itid1IS.

On account of the 'paucity of mate-rial from beds referable to theUDDer Marine Series in Tasmania no definite correlation is attemptedwith that Series in New South Wales.

The abov~. considerations, based 011 the foraminifera, suggest that'beds equivalent in age to the Lower Marine Series and Upper Marine

23

Daleitornella stephensi. It forms a basis for corr~lation of an horizon illthe Lower· Marine Series of New South' Wales with stratigraphic.equivalents throughout Australia.

. The co-rrelations are as fo11o\vs:-(1) The Allandale Stage of the Lower Marine S~'ries of New

South Wales in the Hunter River District.(2) The Dilly Stage of the Lower Bowen Series of Queensland

in the Springsui'e area. I

(3) The Lower Latro.be Stage of the Lower :M'arine Series ofTasmania in the Piper River area.

(4) The Oallytharra limestone, in the North-West Basin, theFossil Oliff limestone in the Irwin River 'area, and theN ura 'Nura limestone in the Kimberley area of WesternAustralia.' . .

(5) The Port Keats bore s·ection, Northern Territory from 554feet down to 574 feet.

In beds slightly higher in the stratigraphic sequence, but still corre­lated with the Lower Marine Series of New South Wales, the c01'rela­tion 'Cannot be recognized over such a large area. The equivalent of th"Farley Stage in New South Wales is possibly the Gyps-eous Stage ofthe Lower Bowen S-eries of Queensland, but furth-eT investigations arenecessary toconfi,rm this view..

In the Upper Marine S'eries of New South 'Wales, two .assemblageshave been recognized and these permit correlation with deposits ofsimilar 3ige in other States.

(i) The assemblage characteristic of the Brallxton Stag-e, the basalsubdivision of the Upper Marine Series in New ,South Wales, ,containsHyperamminoides acicula, Arnmodiscus rnulticinctus (though not com­mon), Digit1;na 1'eC1~r'vata and Prondic1~laria.U'oodwardi.

This assemblage suggests the following correlations:-(1) The Ingl-elara Stag'e -of the Middle Bowen Series of

\ Queensland in the Springsure area. .(2) The Branxton Stage of the Upper 'Marine Series of .Nmv

South Wales in the Hunter River District; the VictoriaPass section, Mitchell Highway and the Klllllura Boresection from 3,7'78 feet down to 4,490 feet. .

(3) The Byro Beds of the Gascoyne area, N o-rth-Wes t Basin,W'estern Australia.

(ii) The second assemblage in the Upper Marine' Series of N e'NSouth W ales contains H yperarnminoicles acic1tla, A rnrnodisc1~S mnlti­cinct·us, A rYIfIThobac1dites woolnoughi and Trochamrnina pulv·iZl1lS. It is

·characteristic of the Mulhring Stage, the topmost member of thcUpper M3irine Series.

This assemblage suggests the following correlations:-(1) The Upper Marine Series of Ne-\v South Wales III the

:NIulbring Stage in the Hunter River District.(2) The Wandagee Beds in the :NIinilya area of the N orth-West

Basin, Western Australia. At this locality, .cl. m1~lti­

cinct1ts· is apparently replaced by another speciesA. n.itid1IS.

On account of the 'paucity of mate-rial from beds referable to theUDDer Marin·e Series in Tasmania no definite correlation is attemptedwith that Series in New South Wales.

The abov~. considerations, based 011 the foraminifera, suggest that'beds equivalent in age to the Lower Marine Series and Upper Marine

24

Series of New South Wales, occur also in Queensland, Tasmania andWestern Australia, and that deposits referable to the Lower MarineSeries ai'e present in a bore in the Northern Territory.

7. STRATIGRAPHIC RANGE OF SPECIES.Appended below is a table giving the range of all species which

, constitute the major assemblages. For convenience all beds consideredto be equivalents of the Upper Marine Series in New South Wales Wl'eincluded under one heading and those as equivalents of the LowerMarine Series under another. The heavy line indicates the maximum·

.development Of the species, the lighter line indicating its continuedrange.

TABLE V.~'3TRATIGRAPHICRANGE OF SPECIES.

}

IEquivalents of . Equivalents of

Foraminifera. Upper Marine Series Lower Marine 'Seriesof New South Wales . of New South Wales.

Ammodiscus milletidn·/ts ..A. mu1ticinctusA: ovalis

.. .... .. . .

A. nitidus .. .. . ..1. plamoconuexus .. ..A. uxmdaqeeensis .. ..iyperamminoides acicula ..

H. ? rudis .. . . . .1. coleyi

,.. .. . .11. sp. .. .. . .Calcitornella stephensi ..rrolypamm?:na.vagans ..T. unduuua .. ..'I'repeilopsis cf. grandis ..'1'. sp. .. .. ..Apertinella cf. grahamensis ..'hurammina papillata ..sammosphaera. pulsilla · . ----

•i emigordius schlumbergeri ..ieophax subasper .. ..

R tricarnerata .. .."elosina. hemisphaerica ...'elosina sp.

" ..luditaxis cf. rhaetica .."lacopsilino. tenuitesta ..riihionina teicherti ..

'1aplophraqmoides neocomiamlsI aplophraqmoides sp. 1 · .iaplophragmoides sp. 2 · . -----

mmobaculites iooolnouqhi ..4mmobaculites sp. . . ..

igitina recuruaia. .. · .extularia. eximia .. ..

'piroplectammina sp. 2 ..rochammina subobtusa · .· cf. arenosa .. ..· pulvillus .. .. ..

rerbeekina sp. .. · . --Teoschwagerina sp. .. · . --Todosaria serocoldensis ..r · irioinensis .. ..T· permia?w .. · .T. pyramidis .. ..entalina gray'i .. ..

~ingulina dav?:di .. ..rondicularia. parri . . ..'. woodwardi .. ..!einitzinatriangularis ..

1:

'1P11

}

111C}j}

A

DT8TTT1j\!.."\.:\};

DLFFG

24

Series of New South Wales, occur also in Queensland, Tasmania and",Vestern Australia, and that deposits referable to the Low.er MarineSeries ai'e present in a bore in the Northern Territory.

7. STRATIGRAPHIC RANGE OF SPECIES.Appended below is a table giving the ·range -of all species which

, constitute the major assemblages. For convenience all beds consideredto be equivalents ·of the Upper M:arine Series in New South Wales Wl'eincluded under one heading and those as equivalents of the Lower1£arine Series under another. The heavy line indicates the maximum·

.development Of the species, the lighter line indicating its continuedrange.

TABLE V.~'3TRATIGRAPHICRANGE OF SPECIES.

:Fora1Di~ifera.

.1mmodiscus milletidn·/tsA. mu1ticinctusA: ovalisA. nitidus .. '.1. plamooonvexu8A. wandageeensisHyperamminoides aciculaH. ? rudisH. coleyi11. sp.Calcitornella stephensirrolypamm?:na.vagansT. 1tndulata'1'repeilopsis cf. grandis'1'. sp.Apertinella cf. grahamensis'1'hurammina papillataPsmmnosphaem pulsilla!1emigordius schlumbergeriReopha.x subasper ..R. tricamerataPelosina. hemisphaen:caPelosina sp.lluditaxis cf. rhaeticaPlacopsilina tenuitestaCrithion?:na teiclzerti ..11a.pl.ophragmoides neocomiamlsHaploph:ragnwides sp. 1liaplophragmoides sp. 2Anmwbaculites woolnouglziAmmobaculites sp. . .Digitina recurvataTextula?'ia eximia8piroplectammina sp. 2Troohammina subobt'usaT. cf. arenosaT. pulvillus ..Verbeekina sp.Neoschwagerina sp.N odosaria serocoldensisN. irwinensisN. permia?wN. pyramidisDentalina gray'iLingulina dav?:diFrondicularia parriF. woodwardiGeinitzinatriangularis

Equivalents of .Upper Marine Seriesof New South Wales .

Equivalents ofLower Marine 'Seriesof New South Wales.

FOR.A~nXIFERA.

Dry Creek, "Inglelara" property,

25

8. REFERENCES.Chapman, F., and Howchin, IV., 1905. A Monograph of the Foraminifera of

the Permo-Carboniferous Limestones of New South Wales.· .Mem. Geol,Sur», N.S.W. Pal., 14;

Chapman, F., Howchin, ""V., and Parr, ""V. J.; 1934. A Revision' of the Nomen­clature of the Permian Foraminifera of New South 'Vales. P1·00. Ray. Soc.Vict., 47. (1), N.S., p. 175.

Ohapman, F., and Parr, Wo' .J., 1937. On the Discovery of Fusulinid Foramini­fera in the Upper Palaeozoic of North-Wesj, Australia: with a Note on aNew Bivalve. Vio. Nat., 53,p. 175.

Orespin, 1., 1943. Pennian Foraminifera from a Bore at Coorabin, New-South"Vales. ilust. ,Toll,1·n. Sci., 6, (2), p. 65.

Crespin, I., 1944.' Some Permian Poraminlfera from Eastern Australia. P1-00.

R01J. Soa. ou; 56, (3), p. 23.Crespin, 1., 1944. Permian Foruminifera from Oonah, Tasmania. A1t8t. Journ,

Soi., 8, (2), p. 59.Crespin, r., 1945. The Hutton Creek Bore, Queensland. Min.-Res: Buro. RePt.,

No.14.Crespin, 1.,' i945. The Arcadia Bore, Queensland. tua., No. 15.Crespin, I., and Parr, IV. J., 194G. Arenaceous. Foraminifera from the Permian

Rocks of New South Wales. Journ, <I: P1·OC. Ray. Soc. N.8.lV., 74, p. 300.Etheridge, R., 1907. Fossils of the Port Keats Bore, Thirty Miles North of_ Fossil Head, Treachery Bay. S1tppl. Pari. Pap. (S.A.), No. 55 of 1906.

Howchin, 'V., 1894. On the Occurrence of Foraminlfera in the Permo-Oarboni-ferous Rocks of Tasmania.' A.A.A.S. AdelaUle ,jJ1.eeting (1893.), p. 334 .

. Howchin, ""V., 18!J5. Carboniferous Foraminifera of Western Austral ia withDescriptions of New .Species, Trame. ROJJ. Soc. 8.Aust., 19, p. 194,

.Iones, T. R., 1882. Oatalogue of the Fossil Friraminitera in the' British Museum(Natnral History), London.

Parr, "V. J., 1940. Foraminifern and a Tubiculous Worrn from ·the Permian ofthe North-West Division of Western Australia. Journ. Roy. Soc. lV.ilust.,27, -p. 97. _

Raggatt, H. G., 19-36. Geology of the North-West Basin, Western Australia,with Particular Reference to the Stratigraphy of the Permo-Oarboniferous.Journ, <I: P1·OC. Roy. Soc. N.8.1'V., 70, p. 100.

Haggatt, H. G., and Crespin, 1., 1940. Possibility of Heavy-Mineral Correlationof Some Perrnian Sedimentary Rocks, New South Wales, by DorotliyCarroll. Discussion. Bull, Amer. Assoo. Petr, Geol., 24, p. 1672.

Haggatt, H. G., and Orespin, 1., 1941. Geological Notes on Natural Gas and OilCorporations's Bore at Balmain, City of Sydney, New South 'Vales. Aust.Journ, Sci., 4, (3), P: 102. .

Raggatt, H. G., and Plctcher, H. 0., 19:37. A Contribution to the Pcrmian­Upper Carboniferous Problems and an Analysis of the Fauna of the UpperPalaeozoic (Permian) of North-West. Basin, Western Australia. Rec. ibIS/.111us., 22, (2), p. 150.

Stephen, T., 1889. Foraminfera in the Upper Palaeozoic Rocks. Proc. Ro:V' Soc.TftS., p. 54.

Teichert, C., 1941. Upper Paleozoie 'of Western Australia: Correlation andPaleography. BVll. ilmer.· Assoc. Pet?". Geol., 25, (3), p. 371.

'Voisey, A~ H., 1938. The Upper Palaeozoic Hocks of Tasmania. P1-0C.. Lim»:Soc. N.S.W., ·63, (5-6), p. 309. . ' .:

Wade, A., 1938. The Geological 'Succession in the 'Vest Kimberley District ofWestern Australia. A.N.Z.A.A.S. (Anckland 111eetinbg, 1937),23, p. 93.

9. EXPLANATION OF PLATES AND FIGURE.PL.A.TE I.

AUSTRALIAN PE'RMIAX

Eig. l.-HypeJ-wflurninoides acicula. Parr.Springsure, Queensland. X30.

Fig. 2.-Antmodisc1ts m~lltioinctusCrespin and Parr. Cattle Creek ·below Water-fall, near Springsure, Queensland. X40. .

Fig. 3.-0alcit01-nella stephenei (Howchin). Pokolhin, Hunter River District,New South Wales. Showing surface that has been attached to rock. X30.

Fig. 4.-Ammobaculites woolnoughi Crespin and Parr. Melrougnll's Hill, Single­ton, New Sonth Wales, X30.

FOR.A~nXIFERA.

Dry Creek, "Inglelara" property,

25

8. REFERENCES.Chapman, F., and HOlVchin, IV., 1905. A Monograph of the Fora.minifera of

the Permo-Carboniferous Limestones of New South Wales.· .Mem. Geol.Sw·v. N.S.W. Pal., 14;

Chapman, F., Howchin, ""V., and Parr, ""V. J.; 1934. A Revision' of the Nomen­clature of the Permian Foraminifera (l,f New South 'Vales. P1·00. Ray. Soc.Vict., 47. (1), N.S., p. 175.

Chapman, F., and Parr, Wo' .J., 1937. On the Discovery of Fusulinid Foramini­.fera in the Upper Palaeozoic of North-'Vest Australia: with a Note on aNew Bivalve. Vio. Nat., 53,p. 175.

Crespin, 1., 1943. Pennian Foraminifera from a Bore at Coorahin, New'SQuth"Vales. ilust. ,Toll,1·n. Soi., 6, (2), p. 65.

Cl~espin, I., 1944.' Some Permian For'aminifera from Eastern Australia. P1-00.R01J. Soa. Qld., 56, (3), p. 23.

Crespin, 1., 1944. Permian Foraminifel'a fr.om Oonah, Tasmania. A1t8t. Journ.Soi., 8, (2), p. 59.

Crespin, t., 1945. The Hutton Creek Bore, Queensland. Min.-Res: Surv. RePt.,No.14.

Cres·pin, 1.,' i945. The Arcadia Bore, Queensland. Ibid., No. 15.Crespin, I., a.nd Parr, IV. J., 194G. Arenaceous. Foraminifera from the Permian

Rocks of New South ""Vales. Journ. <I: P1·OC. Ray. Soo. N.8.lV., 74, p. 300.Etheridge, R., 1907. Fossils of the Port Keats Bore, Thirty Miles North of_ Fossil Head, Treachery Bay. S1tppl. Pari. Pnp. (S.A.), No. 55 of 1906.

Howchin, 'V., 1894. On the Occurrence of Fora.minifera in the Permo-Carboni-fermIS Rocks of Tasmania.' A.A.A.S. AdelaUle ,jJ1.eeting (1893.), p. 334.

. Ho,wchin, ""V., 18!J5. CarboniferOlis Foraminifera of 'Vestern Austr~lia withDescriptions of New ·Species. T1'ans. ROJJ. Soo. 8.Aust., 19, p. 194,

Jones, T. R., 1882. Oatalogue of the Fossil Foraminifera in the' British Museum(Natnral History), London.

Parr, "V. J., 1940. Foran,inifera. and a Tubiculous' "Vorm from ·the Permian ofthe North-I~Test Division of 'Vestern Australia. Jo·u.rn. Roy. Soo. lV.ilust.,27, -p. 97. _

Raggatt, H. G., 19-36. Geology of the North-'Vest Basin, Western Australia,with Particular Reference to the Stratigraphy of the Permo-Oarboniferous.J01trn. <I: P1·OC. Roy. Soc. N.8.1'V., 70, p. 100.

Haggatt, H. G., and Crcspin, 1., 1940. Possibility of Heavy-Mineral Correlationof Some Pennian Sedimentary Rocks, New South I~Tales, by DorothyCarroll. Discussion. B1tll. Amer. Assoo. Pet1·. Geol., 24, p. 1672.

Haggatt, H. G., a.nd Crespin, 1., 1941. ~logical Notes on Natural Gas and OilCorporations's Bon) at Balmain, City of Sydney, New South 'Vales. Aust.Journ. Sci., 4, (3), p. 102. .

Haggatt, H. G., and Fldcher, H. 0., 19:37. A Contribution to the Pcrmian­Upper Oarho-niferous Problems and an Analysis of the Fauna of the Uppel'Palaeozoic (Permian) of North-'Vest Basin, 'Vestern Australia. Rec. ibIS/.111us., 22, (2), p. 150.

Stephen, T., 1889. Foraminfera in the Upper Palaeozoic Rocks. P?"oc. Ro:V' Soc.TftS., p. 54.

Teichert, C., 1941. Upper Paleozoic 'of 'Vestern Australia: Correlation andPaleocyraphy. BVll. ilmer.· Assoc. Pet?". Geol., 25, (3), p. 371.

'Voisey, A~ H., 1938. The Upper Palaeozoic Hocks of Tasmania. P1-0C.. Linn.Soc. N.S.W., ·63, (5-6), p. 309. . ' .:

IVade, A., 1938. The Geological 'Succession in the 'Vest Kimberley District ofWestern Australia. A.N.Z.A.A.S. (Anckland 111eetinbg, 1937),23, p. 93.

9. EXPLANATION OF PLATES AND FIGURE.PL.A.TE I.

AUSTRALIAN PE'RMIAX

:Fig. l.-HypeJ-wflurninoides aoicnla Parr.Springsure, Queensland. X30.

Fig. 2.-Antmodisc1ts m~lltioinctusCrespin and Parr. Cattle Creek ·below Water-fall, near Springsure, Queensland. X40. .

Fig. 3.-0alcit01-nella 8tephensi (Howchin). Pokolbin, Hunter River District,New South Wales. Showing surface that has been attached to rock. X30.

Fig. 4.-Ammobaculites woolnoughi Crespin and Parr. McDougall's Hill, Single­ton, New Sonth ""Vales. X30.

26

Pokolbin, New South

Cattle Creek below \Vaterfall, Ileal"

Mt. Hope, 20 miles south of Springsure,

Cattle Creek below Waterfa.Il, near Spriugsure,

MegalosphoricPokolbin.

Kulnura Bore, Xew South \Vales, a t 4,203.

Same locality as Fig. G. X:~O.

Lower part of exposure on Argus's Selection.

Io'ig. fi.--.\" odosario. 81J7'ingsnrensis Crespin.Springsure, Queensland. X30.

I<'ig. ,G.-N. «erocotdensis Crespin. Cattle Creek below Waterfall, near Springsure,Qneensland. X30.

Fig. 7.-N. serocoldeneis Crespin.Fig. 8.-l)entaLina gmyi, Crespin.

Springsure, Queensland. X40.]"ig. 9:-Frondicu~aria parri Crespin.

feet. X40.Fig. 10.-li'. parri Crespin. Same locality as Fig. 9. X40.Fig. H.-F. parr'i, Crespin. Same locality. Showing irregular character of

striae. X40.Fig. 12.-F. WOOdW01'di Howehin.

Queensland. X30.Fig. 13.-F. woodiwardi Howchin.

Queensland. X30.Fig, .l4.-Geinitzina triangularis Oha pmau and Howehin.

Wa.les. Microspheric form. X30.Fig. 15.-0.. t,·iangularis. Chapman & Howchin,

form. X30.

PLATE 2.

AUSTRALIAN PERMIA.N !rORAJllINIFElRA.

Fig. 16.--AinmobaGu.l·ites icootnouolc; Crespin and Pall'. Fadey RO;'t(I, :300 yardsnorth-cast of Fu rley Station, Xew South Wales. X35.

Fig. 17.-:--A.. uioolnou.oh.i. Crespin and Pu.rr. Same locality as 1f ig . Ui. X35.Fig. 18.-A.mm.odiscns nvult.ieinctus Crespin and Parr. Rail way cutting imme­

diately west of Farley Station, New South Wa.les. X28.Pig. 19.-Ryperamminoides ociculo. Parr. West of Al1andale Road turn-off from

rna.i n Northern Road near road to Oswald property, Hunter River District,New South Wales. XIO.

1<'ig.20.-H. aciculo. Parr. Same locality as Fig. Ill. XIO.Fig. 2J.-Trochd.mmina. p1r~villus Crcspin and Parr. At foot of Victoria Pass;

Mitchell Highway, New South Wa les. Dorsal view. X70. .Fig. 22.-'1'. pul-oillu« Crespin and Parr. Ventral view of Fig. 21. X70.Fig. 23.-Digitina recuroato. Crespin and Parr. At foot of Victoria PaRS .

. Mitchel! Highway, New South Wales. X28.Fig. 24.-Textnlaria emimio. (Eiehwald ) , Large railway cutting immediately

west of Farley Station, Hunter River District, New SouthWn.Ies. X28

Plate I is a reproduction 0·1' that prepared by Mi·. F. Canavan and used byCrespin (1944). The plate is reproduced' by perrn'ission of the Council of theRoyal Society of Queensland. Plate 2 has been prepared from drawings by Miss..T. Gilbort-Tomlinson of the Bureau of Mineral Resources, .

Figure I.-Map showing Perrnian Foraminiferal Loca.lit.ios : It has teen im­possible to iudieats on the accompanying' map all localities from which Permianforaminifera have been recorded. Consequently it will be found that the numbersgiven will sometimes embrace districts, e.g., the Hunter River District, where­localities are numerous.

26

Pokolbin, New South

Cattle Cl'eek below \Vaterfall, Ileal"

Mt. Hope, 20 miles s,o,uth of Springsure.

K}llnura Bore, Xew South \Vales, 'Lt 4,203.

Megalospheric'Pokolbin.

Same locality as Fig. G. X:~O.

Lower part of exposure on Argus's Selectioll,

Cattle Creek below \Vaterfall, near S·pringsure"

Io'ig. fi.--.\" odo.~a,·i(r 81J7'ingsnrensis Crespin.Springsure, Queensland. X30.

I<'ig. ,G.-N. seroco~densisCrespin. Cattle Creek below Waterfall, near Springsure"Qneensland. X30.

Fig. 7.-N. seroco~densisCl'espin.Fig. 8.-l)entaLina gmyi, Crespin.

Springsure, Queensland. X40.]"ig. 9:-Frondicu~aria pa1'1'i Crespin.

feet. X40.Fig. 10.-li'. pa1'1'i Crespin. Same locality as Fig. 9. X40.Fig. H.-F. parr'i, Crespin. Same locality. Showing irregular character of

striae. X40.Fig. 12.-F. WOOdW01'di Howchin.

Queensland. X30.Fig. 13.-F. woodiwardi Howchin.

Queensland. X30.Fig, .l4.-Geinitzina triangularis Chapmall and Howehin.

Wa.les. Microspheric form. X30.Fig. 15.-0.. t,·iangularis. Chaprnan & Howchin,

form. X30.

PLATE 2.

AUSTRALIAN PERMIA.N !rORAJllINIFElRA.

Fig. 16.--AinmobaGu.l·ites woolno'ughi Crespin and Pall'. Fadey RO;'t(I, :300 yardi'north-eRst of Farley Station, Xew South \Vales. X35.

Fig. 17.-:--A.. ,.coolnonghi Crespin and PRrr. Same locality as 1f ig. Ui. X35.Fig. 18.-A.mm.odiscns mu~ticinctus Crespin and Parr. Hailway cutting imme­

diately west of Farley Station, New South \Vales. X28.Pig. 19.-Ryperamminoides acicula. Parr. West of Al1andale Hoad turn-off from

ma.in Northern Road near road to Oswald property, l-Illnter HiveI' District,New South Wales. XIO.

1<'ig.20.-H. acif1.l.la Parr. Same locality as Fig. Ill. XIO.Fig. 2J.-Trochd.mmina. p1r~villus Crespin and Parr. At foot of Victoria Pass,.

Mitchell Highway, New South \~rales. Dorsal view. X70. .Fig. 22.-'1'. lmlvillus Crespin and Parr. Ventral view of Fig. 21. X70.Fig. 23.-Digitina ,'ecurvata, Crespin and Parr. At foot of Victoria PaRS .

. Mitehell Highway, New South Wales. X28.Fig. 24.-Textnlaria eximia (Eichwa.lcl). Large railway cutting immediat€ly

west of Farley Station, Hunter River District, New SouthWal{''s. X28

Plate I is a reproduction 0·1' that prepared by Mi·. F. Canuvall and used byCrespiil (1944). The plate is reproduced' by perm'ission of the Council of theRoyal SoCiety of Queensland. Plate 2 has b~en prepal'~d from drawings by N[i,s..T. Gilbert-Tomlinson of the Burean of Mineral Resource,. .

Figure I.-Map showing Permian FOl'aniiniferal Loealities: It has teen im:p,ossible to indka~ on the accompanying' map all localities from which Permianforaminifera have been recorded. Consequently it will be found that the numbengiven will sometimes embrace districts, e.g., tbe Hunter Riv~r District, where'localities are numerous.

2i

PLATE 1.

Aust ralian P ennian Foraminif era.1:!51.-5

27

PLATE 1.

Australian Permian Foraminifera.1251.-5

29

PLATE 2.

1817

19

20

2324

Australian Permian Foraminifera.

29

PLATE 2.

1817

19

20

2324

Australian Permian Foraminifera.

l'lGU~t/.

MAP SHOWINGAREAS FROMWHICH PERMIAN F08AMINIFERA

HAVE BEEN RECORDEDg 350 700 MILES

REFERENCE

I. SPRINGSURE AREA

2. ARCADIA BORE

3. HUTTON CREEK BORE

4. HUNTER RIVER DISTRICT

5. KULNURA BORE

6. BALMAIN BORE

7. COORABIN

,,'->e 8. PIPER RIVER9.00NAH 8. LATROBE

IO.IRWIN RIVER

11. WOORAMEL RIVER

12. GASCOYNERIVER

13. MINILYA RIVER

I4.NERRIMA BORE

15.PORTKEATS BORE

II

NORTHERN ITERRITORY. I

III QUEENSLAND

i._._._1-,!L.j

I NEW SOUTH WALES

\\IIiIIII\-'-0'III SOUTH AUSTRALIAI

WESTERN AUSTRALIA

,------------------

"'::..., .

9~TAS.. Ifob.>rt.

l'lGU~t/.

MAP SHOWING AREAS FROMWHICH PERMIAN F08AMINIFERA

HAVE BEEN RECORDEDg 350 700 MILES

REFERENCE

I. SPRINGSURE AREA

2. ARCADIA BORE

3. HUTTON CREEK BORE

4. HUNTER RIVER DISTRICT

5. KULNURA BORE

6. BALMAIN BORE

7. COORABIN

,,'->e 8. PIPER RIVER9.00NAH 8. LATROBE

IO.IRWIN RIVER

11. WOORAMEL RIVER

12. GASCOYNE RIVER

13. MINILYA RIVER

I4.NERRIMA BORE

15.PORT KEATS BORE

II

NORTHERN ITERRITORY. I

III QUEENSLAND

i._._._1-,!L.j

I NEW SOUTH WALES

\\IIiIIII\-'-0'III SOUTH AUSTRALIAI

WESTERN AUSTRALIA

,------------------

"'::..., .

9~TAS.. Ifob.>rt.