Folk Arts of Asia and Africa

7/21/2019 Folk Arts of Asia and Africa

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Music and Arts I

Quarter 2: Folk Arts of Asia and AfricaModule 1: Asian and African Arts: Works of Great Beauty

EXPLORE YOUR UNDERSTANDING

Pre-Assessment

Letsfirst find out how much you know about the topic. Follow the directions for each of

set of questions. We will diagnose what you have already known about the topics in themodule. This test will not affect your grade in any way.

Activity 1 Pre-Test- Directions: Read and analyze the questions carefully before

answering. Choose the best answer and write the corresponding letter on your answer

sheet.

1. Which of the following is NOT an example of Asian art work?A. ikebana C. batikB. wayang D. fang masks

2. What is the use of African art objects in magical techniques and rituals?A. To combat illness and death imputed by supernatural causesB. To hunt into an inhospitable environmentC. To entertain the chieftainD. All of the above

3. What pertains to the use of various marks and outlines in artworks?A. Hues C. SpaceB. Value D. Lines

4. What pertains to the use of light and dark, shade and highlight in an artwork,

commonly used by Chinese painter.A. Hues C. SpaceB. Value D. Lines

5. What is the greatest contribution of Africa to world culture?A. traditional dance C. folk songsB. fine sculpture D. architectural design

6. Asia has a variety of festivals and celebrations. Which of the following does notbelong to the group?

A.Dragon Boat Festival,andMid-Autumn Moon Festival

B. Hindu festivals like Diwali and HoliC. Snow and Cherry BlossomFestivalD. Panafest and Homowo Festival

\7. Why is African Art considered multi-functional?

A. It serves as a handmaiden of governmentB. It serves to entertainC. It has symbolic value in religionD. All of the above

In this phase, you will engage yourself in viewing examples of Asian and African arts and

your background knowledge on the topic will be assessed. Hook and engage yourself on thetopic.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festivalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festivalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festivalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Moon_Festivalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Moon_Festivalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Autumn_Moon_Festivalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_Boat_Festival


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8. What do you call the area that first attracts attention in a work of art?A. Directional Movement C. Center of interestB. Harmony D. Balance

9. What is the term used for a type of balance in which both sides of a composition arebalanced yet different?

A. Asymmetrical C. GeometricB. Radial B. Symmetrical

10. How did artistic endeavors become a way of life to many Africans?A. Art was used to glorify kingsB. Even rulers were often artists and sculptorsC. It is used in metalworks, basketry, and weavingD. All of the above

Most of the best crafts and art works in the world are not only found in the

West. Asian and African arts have so much more to tell like culture, tradition, andpeoples way of life . They both reflect the social, religious and physical environment inwhich they live. Explore the rich artistic world of Africa and Asia and learn differentmeanings and uses of art for each individuals and societies.

Activity 2-Directions: Explain what you understand by this quotation. Write your answerin your answer sheet.

The artist's world is limitless.It can be found anywhere,

far from where he lives or a few feet away.

It is always on his doorstep.

~Paul Strand

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Activity 3-Directions: Below are different significant arts from Asia and Africa. Try todetermine where each art belong.

Traditional Mask Ancient Dragon The Great Wave Plains Golden Buddha


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SELF-CHECK:

1. How did you categorize Asian and African arts?_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. How are Asian and African works of art expressed and created?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3.Asia is represented by outstanding works of art that shows unique cultural identity.How does it differ in style and form?

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Why are African arts and crafts functional in nature?

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Activity 4- Directions: Watch the educational video of The History of Asian Art andThe History of African Art. To view, press Ctrl key and click the first presentation:http://video.answers.com/learn-about-the-history-of-asian-art-117506768 For the second presentation: http://video.answers.com/learn-about-the-history-of-

african-art-117506533.After viewing the two presentations, copy the picture below ontoa sheet of paper or make a printable version. Then fill in the spaces to complete theFISH BONE.Question: What are the characteristics of Asian and African Arts?

ASIA

Answers

AFRICA

Answers

Body Art herry BlossomLantern Jewelries Dancing Dragon Pottery Vessel
http://video.answers.com/learn-about-the-history-of-asian-art-117506768http://video.answers.com/learn-about-the-history-of-asian-art-117506768http://video.answers.com/learn-about-the-history-of-african-art-117506533http://video.answers.com/learn-about-the-history-of-african-art-117506533http://video.answers.com/learn-about-the-history-of-african-art-117506533http://video.answers.com/learn-about-the-history-of-african-art-117506533http://video.answers.com/learn-about-the-history-of-african-art-117506533http://video.answers.com/learn-about-the-history-of-asian-art-117506768


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FIRM UP YOUR UNDERSTANDING

African folk art consists of a wide variety of items: household objects, metal objects,

toys, textiles, masks, and wood sculpture, among others. African art is presented asintegral part of economic, social and political institutions and aesthetic value as a prime

element.Lesson 1: One of the significant art forms in Africa is Yoruba Beaded Regalia thatsymbolize power and wealth. Look at the image of Deji of Akure and his attendants andthe two beaded crowns.

The Oba and Symbols of Power

Consider the following symbols and their meaning:

Birds: A commanding bird at the top protects the powerful medicines inserted in the crown's

summit. Other birds may be added on the crown's body. Birds are symbols of the mystical

powers of women whose support is needed for the oba to rule effectively. The most senior

official of the royal lineage is the one who places the crown on the head of the king during hisinstallation ceremony.

Faces: Their representation is said to honor Oduduwa (the first oba and the first ruler to wear a

beaded crown). The face also represents the royal ancestors who are said to watch and protect

the royal line. Faces can also represent Olokun, the sea divinity who is patron of bead artists and

the symbolic source of the very beads that are used to create the crown

Interlace patterns: This interconnected and never-ending design refers to the continuity and

balance important to life. On a crown it can symbolize the chain of divine ancestors that are all

connected and linked to Oduduwa.

Folk Arts

In this phase, you will now weave many facts regarding our topic. Activities areprovided to process your understanding. I encourage you to rethink, reflectand revise.

Yoruba people are one of the largest cultural

groups on the continent, numbering over twenty

million. They were ruled by the oba or king,

although their role has changed since both the

Republic of Benin and Nigeria have democratically

elected leaders. Just as in the past, each royal

court commissions artists to create beautifulartworks that are symbols of power and prestige

for each royal lineage. Especially important to any

king or queen are their regalia, which are all the

accessories and costumes that a king or queen

wears on official occasions.


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Triangles: These are divided into smaller triangles and diamond shapes, repeated in a

continuous pattern, imbuing the crown with a 'shininess' that reflects its sacred qualities.

Beads: That these crowns are completely covered with expensive beads is a sign of royalty. Each

color represents a different orisha or god and the king is protected by all the gods, and this

symbolizes his divine ancestry.

White: White represents Obatala, the king of the orisha. He is considered to be highly ethical,

merciful, cool, composed, and patient.

Red: Red is often associated with the Shango, a god who is often characterized as being proud

and a great warrior. He is the protector and guardian of people. Elephant: A symbol of longevity and power.

Activity:

1. Look at the picture of the oba and the crowns. Discuss the details of how he ispresenting himself.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2. What is the oba wearing? How is he sitting? What attitude does he project?

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3. How can you tell that this is an important, powerful man? What if he were sitting in anordinary chair, dressed in a business suit--would your perceptions be the same?

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4. Tell something about the style or designs of Kings regalia?

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________5. How do the arts establish and communicate power and authority? When thesesymbols are no longer being worn by their owner and are displayed in a museum, howdo they seem different to you, do they still have the same power?

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Lesson 2:The Beauty of Sande Masquerades

With a population of about one million, Mende people are one ofthe largest groups of people of Sierra Leone. Most Mende people

are farmers, and they live in villages or smaller towns. Their most

important crop is rice, and land is farmed and owned by extended

family households. Strong ties and obligations connect families.

Villages and towns are governed by councils made up of family

leaders and each district is presided over by an officer appointed by

the central overnment.

The Sande masquerader (sowei), wearing a blackened wooden

helmet mask and raffia costume, represents a water spirit. Themasquerader is regarded as a personification of Sande power and

knowledge, on both a political and religious level. The mask is also

seen as the embodiment of Sande's spiritual and healing forces.

When the Sande masquerader appears, it communicates with

gesture and dance. The lustrous blackness, beautifully arranged

hair, downcast eyes, and closed mouth give the mask an air of

inner spiritual concentration and refined physical perfection--

ideals that women should strive for as member of Sande.

Did you know that.

When the Sande maskis not

being performed in public

with its complete costume, it

is kept hidden and only

certain leaders of Sande

have access to it since it

represents the sacred

knowledge of the

association.


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Activity 1:Learn from the Curator!

Curator of African Art, Carol Thompson with her discussion of two Mende masks fromSierra Leone. Click the link below:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U7s_5zjN2woby: Highmuseum

After watching and reading the lesson above, read the questions below and examinethe images of Sande masquerades and masks.

Activity 2:Focus Questions1. Look at the images of Sande masquerades, when a mask is being worn andperformed. What do you think the audience focuses on?

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2. Considering the fact that the masquerade represents the power and spirit of the

Sande association, why do you think the identity of the performer is not revealed andevery inch of the body is kept hidden?____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3. Knowing that the mask represents ideas about beauty, morals, and good behavior,look at the mask carefully. Does it represent your idea of beauty? Is this a realisticrepresentation of a beautiful woman? What makes it abstract?

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Lesson 3: Kente Cloth in GhanaNow, you will be introduced to the meanings and traditions associated with kentecloth.You will also be asked to make your own kente patterns to gain an awareness ofabstract design principles.

Ghana has a complex history and many

different languages and cultures coexist in

this diverse country. Beginning about 1500,

numerous states rose to power, known as

the Akan kingdoms. While there are many

Akan states, the most historically powerful

and well-known is the Asante kingdom.

Asante artworks celebrate the power and prestige of the

Asante confederacy and ensure that Kumasi (the capital of the

Asante kingdom) continues to be a thriving center of artistic

creativity. The work of Asante artists have gained an

international reputation. While their work inspires pride and a

sense of history among many people in Ghana, in the United

States Asante artworks have become important to African

American herita e and celebrations of multiculturalism.

Did you know that.kente

has become a symbol of

national pride and ordinary

citizens wear it for special

celebrations.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U7s_5zjN2wohttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U7s_5zjN2wohttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U7s_5zjN2wo


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Activity 1:Focus Questions-While looking at images of kente cloth and Asante kingswearing it, answer the questions below.

1. Observe the details of the patterns closely. Can you tell how the cloth has been sewntogether?___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Each cloth is given a different name that is determined by the pattern of the individualstrips. Look carefully, notice that at first glance the cloths look very similar. But if youlook at each individual pattern, notice that none are the same. There are over 1,000specific kente patterns, all with different names, and new ones are being designed allthe time. What color seems to be repeated in each cloth?________________________

3. How are the checkerboard patterns created?____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Why do you think yellow is a color chosen for royalty?____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Remember!There are 5 elements of African artthat are used to describe the aesthetics. African

art is so simple and yet complex at the same time. The elements can't capture its realmeaning and purpose. But people need a way to classify and define art and so havenarrowed the basic elements of African art to the following:

1. Resemblance to a human figure for purpose of conveying ideas.2. Luminosity representing shiny and unflawed skin.3. Youthfulness representing vitality and fertility.4. Reserved demeanor representing a person in control.5. Balance and proportion through material choices.

The Asante strip woven cloth called kenteis unquestionably the most popular

and best known of all African textiles. It is produced in greater quantity,

exported to more places, and incorporated into a greater variety of forms than

any other African art form. Originally kentewas exclusively worn by royalty

since at least the eighteenth century. The names and meanings of kentedesigns

can allude to proverbs, historical events, social status, and the gender of thewearer. Each Asante king would create a newkentedesign after close

consultation with master weavers during his reign. This new kentedesign had to

be chosen with great care because its pattern and symbolic meaning would

always be associated with this particular king.


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Now, let us discuss Asian Art. Each Asian Art differ, depending on the region it came

from. Asian art is shows the culture and history of the country from which it is from andat the same time functional in nature. Statues, terracotta warriors, Samurai outfits, andmuch more are considered Asian Art.

Lesson 1:Japanese Arts-The Ikebana PrintsWhen some people think of Japan, they see images in their minds of cherry blossomtrees and think of a land rich in culture. Both of these things are parts of Japan. I willintroduce to you the fascinating art of Japanese flower arranging. You will learn all thesteps for creating beautiful, unique, and creative flower arrangements with a few simplematerials.

Activity: Make Your Own Ikebana Arrangement-What You Need:Flowers

VaseScissors

1. Go to the nearest local library or do some research online to learn more aboutIkebana. Remember that Ikebana means flowers kept alive and there are two mainstyles of flower arrangement: moribana or shallow dish, and nageire or tall vase. Andwithin these styles, there are patterns to follow for creating arrangements.2. I invite you to create moribana style arrangement by finding a low vase. Start byselecting one flower or branch as his center stalk. Now you can start buildingarrangement around the base flower.3. Traditionally, the next flowers or branches would be positioned so they lean or move

toward the flower arrangers left shoulder and shorter than the central flower or branch.But, if you find your flowers work best moving to the right, you can build in that direction,too.5. Finish your Ikebana flower arrangement by positioning a few additional flowers at thebase of the vase pointing in the opposite direction as the last collection of flowers.6. Now you can find the perfect spot to display your colorful and beautiful Ikebana flowerarrangement for everyone to enjoy and appreciate.

"Ikebana" is from the Japaneseikeru , ("to place, to arrange, life,birth" and hana ("flower"). Possibletranslations include "giving life toflowers" and "arranging flowers"It is the Japanese art of floraldesign, is more than the merearrangement of greenery-it is alifestyle. While flowers and plantsare the product of Mother Nature,Ikebana is the product of anindividual's creativity andimagination in the arrangement ofnature's own materials. Accordingto the Sogetsu philosophy, Ikebanais an art form that can be practiced

anytime, anywhere, and by anyone.Sogetsu Ikebana focuses on thecontemporary, beautiful, andrefreshing character of thearrangement of plant materials.


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Lesson 2: The Delightful Korean Earthenware

Do you have ceramic objects at home (cups, vases or bowl)? What shape are they, howwere they made, how were they decorated? Are they used for special purposes?_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Look at Korean ceramics and learn to identify characteristics relating to shape,decoration, function, and technique.

Hyjui,

The uniqueness of Korean earthenware, especially celadonporcelain, began to be known to the rest of the world during the Goryeo Dynasty (918-

1392). Although celadon porcelain was first introduced by China and Korean pottersand brought it to life using their own original techniques and infused it with natural,unpretentious magnificence. During the 14th and 15th centuries, potters in these twocountries began to shift their attention from celadon porcelain to white ceramics and inthe following years these ceramic masterpieces spread throughout the world to Japan,South Asia, Western Asia, the Mediterranean and Western Europe.In the history of ceramics, Korean celadon porcelain of the Goryeo Dynasty is renownedfor three very special and unique features. The first of these is the fabrication of thealluring jade-blue color often called bisaek (kingfisher color). Many art critics say thateven with the advanced knowledge of color composition in modern science, it is

Did you know that....

Ikebana remains one of the most distinct arts in Japanese culture. It is

shown on television, taught in schools, and admired daily. An example of

a television show that involves ikebana is Seikei Bijin(Artificial Beauty).

The story incorporates the importance ofnatural beauty.

(From Left to Right)Korean Wine Ewer

Sheep-shaped Celadon

Gor eo-Era CeladonA. Wine Ewer

B. Wine Jar

A B

Korean ceramic history

begins with the oldest

earthenware from

around 8000 BC.

Korean pottery is the

most famous and senior

art in Korea, it is closely

tied to Korean ceramics

which represents tile

work, large scale ceramic

murals, and architectural

elements.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_culturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naturalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthenwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_potteryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_ceramicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_ceramicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korean_potteryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthenwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naturalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_culture


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impossible to recreate the colors graceful tone, hue and elegance. Gone go far, anddeclare that the color of Goryeo celadon porcelain is not just a color but is the mostdivine state that any color can reach in terms of aesthetic beauty. The second trait is theremarkable inlaying technique created by the Goryeo potters to embed wonderful andgraceful designs onto the surface of the ceramics, while the third characteristics is theuse of oxidized copper to decorate on the surface of a ceramic piece. Most peopletoday reveal their admiration of Goryeo celadon works by calling them blessing ofheaven because they say that it move one step closer to arts divine function of

purifying human minds with the power of beauty.

Activity 1: FocusChoose one illustration of Korean ceramics from page 9. Answer the following question.1. Is the piece symmetrical and regular or slightly irregular?_______________________2. What colors were used? ________________________________________________3. How is the piece decorated? ____________________________________________4. Can you see geometric or natural forms? ___________________________________

Activity 2:Make a Simple Pot

-Materials:Clay, air-dry, oven-bake, or low-fireGlazes, especially light green, white, copper redClay toolsBrushes for glazeCombs, broken in small pieces

1. Notice the shape of pot. The pot in image is made using the coil method. The basecan be made from a cookie-shaped flat piece of clay. Wet and score the outside edgesof this shape.2. Roll another piece of clay into a long rope, then position it on the edge of the base

and begin to wind it around in a circle, building up the walls of the pot.3. Add new ropes of clay as needed, pressing and smoothing the clay together withyour fingers.To make the pot wider, position the coil on the outside edge of the rowbelow it;4. To make the pot more narrow, position the coil on the inside edge of the row belowit. Continue to smooth the outside surface as you add new coils.The final shape of the pot can be manipulated into a regular or irregular form withpaddles or with the hands.5. When a satisfactory shape has been reached, the pot should be put aside to dry.When almost leather-hard, the clay can be stamped with textures.6. When the clay is completely leather-hard, the pot may be decorated with incised

lines. The pot can be fired and decorated with glazes.

Lesson 3:A Look at Chinese ArtsWhen viewing Chinese paintings and calligraphies, especially for the first time, you mayhave many questions about what you are seeing. This lesson seeks to address thetechnical, spiritual at time poetic nature of Chinese arts.

Why is there only writing in

that image?

Why didnt the artist use

any color in that painting?


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Did you know that.

Chinese arts are influenced by three major religions: Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism.

Another major influence was nature. The three major kinds of subject they liked to paint were birds,

flowers, and landscapes from the countryside. All the religions stress love for nature. All landscape

painters tried to get a feeling of the human spirit and the strength of the wind, water, mist and

mountains. Painting became an art form more than 2000 years ago then influenced the later painters.

Chinese arts come in many different forms such as: painting, folk arts, silk, calligraphy, pottery,

sculpture, metal arts and papercuts. Chinese papercuts were created around the first century in A.D.

The Chinese invented paper, which was very important for papercuts. It first started in the Tang

Dynasty. People then would hang them up to decorate windows, houses, clothes and even ladies hair.

In these thin and fragile papercuts, they would create animals, aerobics, Buddha, opera faces and

other subjects.

Paintings became an art form more than 2000 years ago. The Chinese painted emperors,

landscape and zodiac animals, flowers, ladies, and birds. Chinese have three thousand years of history

of painting starting from 600 A.D Tang dynasty to the 20th

century.For the Chinese, painting was the most influential of all forms of art. Chinese pictorial art always

incorporates both calligraphy and painting. For this reason, it is often said that in China painting and

writing are two branches of the same art. Both are created with the brush, and Chinese artists prefer

to paint in ink alone. The ink, which is created from a mixture of lamp-black and glue, always forms

the basic outline of the painting. And, while the ink remains virtually the same in all paintings, the

brush may vary from a single hair to the size of a broom. This close association between painting and

calligraphy explains why Chinese painting was dominated by people usually trained in the art of

handwriting. It was not uncommon for poets to become gifted painters.

Chinese paintings, are generally produced on either silk or paper, are quite different from the

canvas oil paintings of traditional European art. The absorbent silk or paper does not allow for

correction, so each stroke must be predetermined in the artist's mind and quickly executed. For this

reason, the Chinese artist must carefully imagine the painting in his or her mind before beginning the

work.

The majestic imagery of Chinese paintings is further enhanced by the fact that, unlike Western

artists, the Chinese do not concentrate on linear perspectives. In other words, they do not portray

shadows or accurate depth perceptions.

Chinese paintings are generally in the form of hanging pictures. Chinese culture places a strong

emphasis on the beauty and supremacy of the earth. For this reason, landscape scenes are valued

above all other kinds of paintings because they included everything-nature, man and spirit.

Source: Fred Cradenand Cheryl Fleming

(Northport High School)

Most Chinese landscapes focus on mountains and water with little else to disrupt the impression. In

nearly every landscape, however, there is the presence of at least one human figure. The human images

are seen in such places as walking along a mountain side or simply sitting on a deck. These images are

included in the paintings because the Chinese see people as part of the ever-changing universe and,

thus, the human character should always be viewed as one with nature.

What is that image all about?

Why are red stamps placed all

over that painting?


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HAN DYNASTY COURT SCENEby anonymous Chinese artists (ca. 50 B.C.-A.D. 50)

Activity 1:LOOKING AT THE PAINTING

1. Study the painting carefully. Who do you think the figures in the painting represent?Explain your answer. What is happening in the painting? Study the background of thepainting. Does it give a clue to the setting? Why or why not?

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. What colors are used in the painting? Describe how color is used.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Notice how the figures are related to each other and to the background. Does thepainting give you a sense of depth or distance? Is there a sense of movement in thescene? Does the painting appear balanced? How does your eye move from one part ofthe scene to another? Explain your answers.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Analyze the lines in the painting. How would you describe them? How does the bodylanguage of the figures in relation to one another add to the realism of the scene?

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Activity 2 :A CREATIVE RESPONSEUsing what you have learned about Han painting, create a drawing or painting for

a Han palace or tomb. Use pen and ink, paints, or colored pens in your drawing, and

use themes and the style of painting used during the Han period.


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Lesson 4:Indian Art

Indian art may seem overly ornate and sensuous; appreciation of its refinement

comes only gradually, as a rule. Voluptuous feeling is given unusually free expression in

Indian culture. A strong sense of design is also characteristic of Indian art and can beobserved in its modern as well as in its traditional forms.

The vast scope of the art of India intertwines with the cultural history, religionsand philosophies which place art production and patronage in social and culturalcontexts.

Indian art can be classified into specific periods each reflecting particularreligious, political and cultural developments.

Folk and tribal art in India takes on different manifestations through variedmedium such as pottery, metalwork, dhokra art, paper-art, weaving and designing ofobjects such as jewelry and toys.Another widely used for writing and printing is theIndian ink. It has been in use in India since at least the 4th century BC, where it was

called masi, an admixture of several substances. Several ancient Buddhist and Jainscripts in India were also compiled in ink.

Often puranic gods and legends are transformed into contemporary forms andfamiliar images. Fairs, festivals, and local deities play a vital role in these arts.

It is in art where life and creativity are inseparable. The tribal arts have a uniquesensitivity, as the tribal people possess an intense awareness very different from thesettled and urbanized people. Their minds are supple and intense with myth, legends,snippets from epic, multitudinous gods born out of dream and fantasy. Their art is anexpression of their life and holds their passion and mystery.

Folk art also includes the visual expressions of the wandering nomads. This isthe art of people who are exposed to changing landscapes as they travel over the

valleys and highlands of India. They carry with them the experiences and memories ofdifferent spaces and their art consists of the transient and dynamic pattern of life. Therural, tribal and arts of the nomads constitute the matrix of folk expression. The folkspirit has a tremendous role to play in the development of art and in the overallconsciousness of indigenous cultures. TheTaj Mahal,theAjanta andEllora caves havebecome world famous. The Taj Mahal is one of theNew Seven Wonders of the World.

Activity 1: Spider Web- copy the picture below into a sheet of paper or make aprintable version. Then fill in the spaces to complete the diagram.

Activity 2:Indian Folk PaintingThis activity requires you to draw with Indian Ink and a paper stump. The aim of theactivity is to get you to draw flowing lines. You can also draw with pieces of stick,feathers or even scraps of material.1. The first thing to do is to make a paper stump by rolling a piece of paper tightlybetween your fingers.2. You could tape it into place for younger hands.

Example of

Indian folk

Arts
http://www.indiansculptor.net/index.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhisthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scriptshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puranichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruralhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tribalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taj_Mahalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajanta_Caveshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellora_Caveshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Seven_Wonders_of_the_Worldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Seven_Wonders_of_the_Worldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellora_Caveshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajanta_Caveshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taj_Mahalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tribalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruralhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puranichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scriptshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhisthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://www.indiansculptor.net/index.htm


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3. Prepare some small jars of Indian Ink mixed with water. Make sure students roll uptheir sleeves and wear an apron. Also, have plenty of paper towels at the ready. A goodtip here is to draw onto pieces of wallpaper.4. Do not draw a pencil outline. The objective is to draw bold

expressive strokes.

5. Build the drawing in stages. Try not to worry too muchabout small spillage's or mistakes:6. Draw the shadows and textures of the mask not just an outline.

7. When the drawing has dried youcan stain it with coffee,to give the paper an ancient effect.

Lesson 5:Arts and Crafts of IndonesiaWhat do you know of Indonesian folk arts?

One of the many pleasures of living inIndonesia is having the opportunity to learn about and collect Indonesian arts andhandicrafts. The diversity evident in Indonesia's 300 plus ethnic groups is reflected inthe diversity of its art forms. Just as every ethnic group throughout the archipelago hasits own language/dialect, cuisine, traditional dress and traditional homes and they havealso developed their own textiles, ornaments, carvings and items for daily use andspecial celebrations. The rich cultural heritage of art and handicrafts is one ofIndonesia's true national riches.

Indonesian art forms can include designs traced back to early animistic beliefs,

ancestor worship, Hindu or Buddhist influenced motifs brought by Indian traders,Chinese or Islamic symbols and beliefs. Foreign influence on Indonesian art forms wasbrought about by centuries of exposure to other cultures through trade. Immigrants fromChina, India, the Arab world and later Europe traveled to the archipelago in search ofthe unique spices grown in Indonesia. These traders settled and brought with them richartistic traditions which influenced the development of local art.

Today we can see highly developed art formswherever these artisans had patrons in centuries past. Oneof the places where this is perhaps most evident is inYogyakarta where the Sultan's family has supported batik,

silver, wayang and other artisans for generations. With thispatronage the art forms flourished, resulting in a rich varietyof art forms today.

The rich artistic traditions of Bali, where traditionallyeach person must develop skills in a particular art form - beit dance, music, or visual arts has lead to the creation of avibrant artistic community. Foreign artists have been drawn

to Bali for centuries due to this unique cultural synergy.


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Handicrafts also developed from the usage of every day household items whichwere decorated and used for ceremonial purposes. Witnessthe wide variety of uses of natural woods, fibers, bamboo,rattan and grasses. Natural and chemical dyes, beads andother natural ornamentation are used to decorate these items,

many of which have developed over time into distinctive artforms.Many expats take advantage of the opportunity of living inIndonesia to learn more about its culture, or to begin acollection of art objects or handicrafts that they enjoy. We gothrough early days of explorations, through the thrills of discovery and learning, tohunting down particular items you want and acquiring true finds.Often expats are able to acquire things in Indonesia that they wouldn't have been ableto afford at home where import duties and retail mark-ups make the prices skyrocket. Inaddition, the purchase of various handicrafts is often associated with special memories... wonderful memories of vacations, the tukang and the fun of searching for the right

piece.

Textiles

The diversity in Indonesian textile forms is astounding and is yet

another representation of its rich cultural heritage. Indonesian

textiles include hand drawn and stampedbatik,the design of which

takes months to create; double weave ikat from the islands of Nusa

Tenggara, ship cloth from Lampung, silk Bugis sarong from Sulawesi,

gold-painted Balinese prada fabric; shimmering kain songket from

Palembang utilizing silver and gold metallic threads weft in woven

cotton or silk ikat; and Tapis weavings from Lampung.

Wayang -- Puppets

Puppets have been used for centuries in Indonesia to tell the stories of the

ancient epics, the Ramayana and the Mahabarata, as well as ancient myths.

Modern stories also utilize this ancient art form for contemporary audiences.

Puppets fall into two major classifications - wayang kulit - the leather or

shadow puppet of Central Java, and wayang golek - wooden puppets of West

Java. There are several varieties of wooden puppets. Some expats enjoy

collecting the same character by various artisans, or all the characters in a

scene or story, or just characters that strike their fancy. Good guys, bad guys,

gods, demons, nobles, giants, clowns, princes and princesses and monkeys ...

all can be found in traditional puppet forms.

Natural fibers and materials

A wide range of items, both useful and decorative are made from natural fibers

such as pandanus, rattan, bamboo and grasses. Rice spoons, bowls, containers,

woven mats, baskets, lamp shades, boxes, natural paper products and a

multitude of other items are made from natural fibers in Indonesia.

Bamboo, while exotic in the west, is one of the most practical natural plants. The

uses of bamboo in Indonesia are numerous and Indonesians utilize bamboo

extensively for a variety of items including baskets, winnows, cups, buckets,

furniture and woven walls in traditional homes. The fine strands used for fans,

purses, bags, hats, baskets and other items. Larger, thick strips are used for

flower baskets, walls and other items. While bamboo was originally used forpractical items around the house, these have been further developed into new

items which sell well as souvenirs.
http://www.expat.or.id/info/batik.htmlhttp://www.expat.or.id/info/batik.html


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Painting as an art form was really developed in the 19th and 20th

century and includes batik paintings, the highly stylized paintings of

Bali which depict village and traditional life as well as modern oils and

acrylics. Famous Indonesian painters such as Raden Saleh, command

high prices on the international market and at auctions in Singaporeand Jakarta.

Musical Instruments

Along with the other arts forms that developed in great diversity

across the archipelago, cultural diversity also lead to the development

of different musical traditions, thus different instruments. Angklung

from West Java, Gamelan from Yogyakarta or Bali, flutes and gongs

from West Java are favorite collectibles of expats.

Source: Expat Web Site Association Jakarta, Indonesia

Activity1:1. What type of art does Indonesia have?_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

2.Identify similarities, differences, and variations among subjects of Indonesian arts to

our indigenous arts.

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

DEEPEN YOUR UNDERSTANDING

In this phase, you will be given hands on activities in creating examples of Asian andAfrican art in order to have a thorough understanding of the different genres.

Activity 1:Match to MatchDirections: On the line next to each description, place the letter of the functions listedbelow.___________1. Among the most common

everyday items that are finely designed and

decorated include: furniture; handmade pottery

and baskets of different sizes, shapes and uses;

eating utensils; and dishes.

___________2. These may be made evident

through body adornments like scars; tattoos;body paint; reshaping of earlobes, lips or necks;

and other accessories like staff, crowns or other

headgear, and weapons.

___________3. Divination varies among

different African cultures. These kinds of art

mediums are used by each diviner from the

simplest animal feathers and bones to the most

intricately detailed artwork.

___________4. Art may seek to bring about a

particular emotion or mood, for the purpose ofrelaxing or entertaining the viewer.

___________5. Art allows the individual to

express things toward the world as a whole.

Artists often create art in remote locations that

will never be experienced by another person.

___________6. It addresses aspects of

(collective) life, as opposed to one person's

point of view or experience.


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A. Art as a personal adornment

B. Art as form of entertainment

C. Art for ritual and ceremonies

D. Art as a basic household

E. Art as a universal language

F. Art has social functions

Activity 2:Lets Do it!

One of the significant art works of Africa is tribal masks that portray spirit beings,departed ancestors and invisible power of social control. Its time to crea te and decorateyour own rendition of traditional African mask.

This is a very exciting project!

Materials:

corrugated cardboard (old cardboard box) scissors, case cutter or knife brown paint (poster/tempra paint) decorator color of paint (any color would work) raffia, string or wool OPTIONAL: Paper Mache

Directions:1. Decide on the design for your project.2. Check our lessons again for some ideas.3. Keep in mind that you'll have to cut out the

pieces, so you'll want to make them fairly basicshapes.4. Draw the design on a piece of paper (or on

computer software that allows drawing)5. Freehand draw the facial pieces onto corrugatedcardboard (old boxes).

6. Cut them out7. If you want some facial pieces to stick out more:-trace the first piece-cut the shape out again-glue the shapes together-make 2 layers for the mouth and 3 layers for the nose.

8. Freehand draw the shield/mask shape on a large piece of cardboard. Cut it out.9. Cut out eye holes

-At this point you can just glue all of your pieces together.10. Or, you can paper mache the project. The Paper Mache will make the craft MUCHsturdier.11. Paper mache (2 layers) the shield and all of the face pieces while the mache is stillwet, assemble the face. The wet mache will stick together and hold the pieces in place.Let dry.12. Cover with a final layer of scrap white paper mache.13. Once everything's dry, paint the entire project brown.14. Decorate with stripes and pokadots in a different color.


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15. Poke two holes on one side of the mask (about the center), one on top of the otherabout 4 inches apart. Do the same on the other side. A drill or nail/hammer works wellfor this.

16. Thread string or wool through the holes, tying in front of the mask. Don't tie it tight --

leave a loop in the back as handles.

You can wear the masks and make them come to life with stories and song or use themasks as wall hanging decorations for parties and events!

Activity 3:Written ReportDirections: Write a 1 page research report in pen or typed and attach it to the mask,including the following things:

1. What are the purposes of African Masks in general (examples = thanksgiving ,

wedding, war, hunting, praising spirits, calling on ancestors, asking for something, fear)__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. What does YOUR mask represent ? (animal, human, spirit ?) Explain why you thinkso.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. What kind of ceremony do you think your mask would be used in? Explain why youthink so.

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. What do you think the decorations or special colors mean? Explain why you think so.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


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Activity 4:The Art of Paper Folding

You may use any kind of paper to fold the origami dove. It is a little easier if the frontand the back side of the paper is slightly different whether it is in texture or color. Makesure the paper that you use is a square(all sides are equal and all the angles equal 90degrees)

1.

Let's start with a paper's back side facing up.Prepare for a valley-fold along a diagonal line.

2.

Rotate the paper by 45 degrees in the counter-

clockwise direction.

Prepare to apply two valley-folds.

3.

Apply two valley-folds of the step #2.

Prepare to apply two horizontal valley-folds.

4.

Apply two horizontal valley-folds of the step #3.

Prepare to unfold two valley-folds that you

have just applied.

5.

Unfold two valley-folds of the step #3.

Prepare to apply two vertical valley-folds.

6.

Apply two vertical valley-folds of the step #5.

Prepare to unfold two valley-folds that you have

just applied.


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7.

Unfold two valley-folds of the step #6.

Prepare to apply two "inside reverse-folds".

Study the folding technique of "inside reverse-

fold"from the link if you don't know what it is.

8.

Apply two "inside reverse-folds"of the step #8.

Prepare to apply a vertical mountain-fold.

9.

Apply a vertical mountain-fold of the step #8.

Prepare to apply a valley-fold.

10.

Apply a valley-fold of the step #10.

Prepare to turn the model over.

11.

Turn the model over.


12.

Apply the valley-fold of the step #11.

Prepare to rotate the model by 90 degrees in

the clockwise direction.

13.

Rotate the model by 90 degrees in theclockwise direction.

http://www.origami-make.com/origami-fold-reverse-inside.phphttp://www.origami-make.com/origami-fold-reverse-inside.phphttp://www.origami-make.com/origami-fold-reverse-inside.phphttp://www.origami-make.com/origami-fold-reverse-inside.phphttp://www.origami-make.com/origami-fold-reverse-inside.phphttp://www.origami-make.com/origami-fold-reverse-inside.phphttp://www.origami-make.com/origami-fold-reverse-inside.phphttp://www.origami-make.com/origami-fold-reverse-inside.php


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14.



15.


Prepare for another valley-fold.

16.

Valley-fold according to the step #15.

Prepare to apply an "inside reverse-fold"

17.

Apply the "inside reverse-fold"of the step #16.


18.



19.



20.
http://www.origami-make.com/origami-fold-reverse-inside.phphttp://www.origami-make.com/origami-fold-reverse-inside.phphttp://www.origami-make.com/origami-fold-reverse-inside.phphttp://www.origami-make.com/origami-fold-reverse-inside.php


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Prepare to apply an "inside reverse-fold".

21.

Apply the "inside reverse-fold"of the step #20.

Prepare to crimp the edge of the feather

22.

Crimp the edge of the feather.

Prepare to turn the origami dove over.

23.

Turn the origami dove over.

Prepare to crimp the edge of the feather.

24.

Crimp the edge of the feather.

Congratulation!

You have completed making a traditional

origami dove.

Activity 5:Fine Features of WayangKulit

I want to introduce to youanother interesting activity but this fromSouth East Asia, the Wayang Kulit orIndonesian Shadow puppet.

MATERIALS REQUIRED:

- cardstock, poster board, or manila tag

- watercolor or tempera paint- fine sharpies

- single hole punch or

- paper fasteners

- sticks

- wooden skewer

- string

- gold or silver doilies

Now traditional puppets are made from animalskin but we are going to make ours from

cardstock. If you wanted to make the

transparent type you can adapt this project

using a heavy duty transparency sheet.

You can enlarge thepattern if you wish and

then photocopy directly onto cardstock or if

doing the low tech method, print off the

pattern and then glue this down to your

cardstock or poster board.
http://www.origami-make.com/origami-fold-reverse-inside.phphttp://www.origami-make.com/origami-fold-reverse-inside.phphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayanghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayanghttp://1.bp.blogspot.com/_6J4GdiN9ogM/TSZNIIFGezI/AAAAAAAAG-U/INh1JA1l5KM/s1600/prep1.jpghttp://1.bp.blogspot.com/_6J4GdiN9ogM/TSZNIIFGezI/AAAAAAAAG-U/INh1JA1l5KM/s1600/prep1.jpghttps://docs.google.com/leaf?id=0BxpcE-ckgp8hMzNkNDA0YTctYzQ5Zi00NWE4LWJjMDAtZGZiNmJkZDIyZGM3&hl=enhttp://2.bp.blogspot.com/_6J4GdiN9ogM/TSZOnyqSu-I/AAAAAAAAG-Y/ApLIrEyI6vU/s1600/Prep2.jpghttp://1.bp.blogspot.com/_6J4GdiN9ogM/TSZNIIFGezI/AAAAAAAAG-U/INh1JA1l5KM/s1600/prep1.jpghttps://docs.google.com/leaf?id=0BxpcE-ckgp8hMzNkNDA0YTctYzQ5Zi00NWE4LWJjMDAtZGZiNmJkZDIyZGM3&hl=enhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayanghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayanghttp://www.origami-make.com/origami-fold-reverse-inside.phphttp://www.origami-make.com/origami-fold-reverse-inside.php


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Let's add some color....even though you won't

see this in the shadow these puppets are works

of art so let's make them as appealing even

when they are just waiting to be played with.

Paint in the details and then use a fine sharpie

for outlining and definition.

Cut out all the pieces to your puppet. I wanted

to add some embellishment so I added a piece

of a gold doily.

The doily can also stick out from the puppet as

it casts a great elaborate shadow on its own.

Using a single hole punch, press punch or even

tip of a knitting needle punch a hole in all the

little circles on the pattern. You can also add

some extra holes for decoration (look good in

the shadow) Here I added some extra to his

hairstyle.

These are your joints so you can have some

movement in your puppet. Attach some paper

fasteners.

If the ends from the large fasteners are too long

just fold back on itself or you can trim them off

with scissors.

Attach the main part of your puppet to a

skewer.

Use tape.

Now the best way to attach the wooden coffee

stir sticks to the arms is by string. You can getbetter movement for your puppet.

Here you attach a piece of string to the stir stick

using tape.

You wrap the string around the wrist of the

puppet as tight as you wanted and tied it off.

This enables the stir stick to sideways from the

arm which makes the puppet easier to

manipulate.

You can add a coat of mod podge to your

puppet so it will last through manyperformances!

and that's it!

Congratulation for a wonderful Wayang Kulit!
http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_6J4GdiN9ogM/TSZTC03hNaI/AAAAAAAAG-s/e9EB2iK44Dc/s1600/Bartelassemb5.jpghttp://2.bp.blogspot.com/_6J4GdiN9ogM/TSZSdpfwDsI/AAAAAAAAG-o/DRY5tI0kfok/s1600/Bartelassem4.jpghttp://2.bp.blogspot.com/_6J4GdiN9ogM/TSZRWhT0_XI/AAAAAAAAG-k/Oq1DFxsZFT0/s1600/bartelassemb3.jpghttp://2.bp.blogspot.com/_6J4GdiN9ogM/TSZQjmiPPFI/AAAAAAAAG-g/Ots2riHfMSY/s1600/bartelassemble2.jpghttp://3.bp.blogspot.com/_6J4GdiN9ogM/TSZPpvpRTuI/AAAAAAAAG-c/rsXndkpADFo/s1600/assemble1.jpg


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I will base your grades on several criteria. This will ensure a fair evaluation of your work.

Sample Rubric:Project Name: ____________________________________

Criteria Percentage ScoreQuality of craftsmanship 40%Relevance of the artwork to

contemporary art and visual culture(Asian / African)

30%

Time Frame 10%

Personal expression andcreativity

20%

TOTAL 100%

Questions to Answer:

1. How do you find the art of paper folding of Japan and wayang kulit of Indonesia?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Can you see aspect of Asian culture in the mediums, style, and content that has beenused in origami and wayang kulit? Explain.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

Activity 5:Venn diagramDirections: Compare Asian Art to the art of Africa. Examine again the types and stylesof the arts you viewed. Copy the picture below onto a sheet of paper or make aprintable version. Then fill in the spaces to complete the diagram.

REMEMBER!

Use the following terms in comparing African and Asian art.-Elements of Art: line, shape, color, form, texture, space and value- Principles of Design: unity, emphasis, balance, variety, proportion, harmony,

movement and rhythm.

Asian and African

Art

Similarities Differences


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TRANSFER YOUR UNDERSTANDING

In this phase, you will create an artwork applying understanding of media techniques and processesused in Asian and African art.

Activity 1:Your Turn!

Expressing Art through Social Networking

Directions: Select Asian or African artworks that you have learned from this module.Create art crafts that you want to post in your social networking sites. There are manytools for posting photos of your artwork you can also write out your thoughts on eachpiece. Use the tools provided wisely.

I will base your grades on several criteria. This will ensure a fair evaluation for yourwork.

Sample Rubric:Project Name: ____________________________________

Criteria Percentage Score

Quality of craftsmanship 40%

Comprehension of designprinciples

(Asian / African)

30%

Time Frame 20%

Ability to learn from

constructive criticism

10%

TOTAL 100%

REMEMBER!

Each culture creates its very own, distinct folk art depending on the materials

available, and the intention of creating such objects.African folk art illustrates the traditions, political systems and spirituality of tribal

villages through crafts created by people without any formal academic training. Theseskilled native craftsmen incorporate fine art even with the most primitive conditions thatthey are set in. Among their common artworks are yoruba beaded regalia, sande masksand kente cloth.

Art in Asia has a rich, extensive history. They hold geographical, cultural and

social value and may have religious significance. The Asian world has been profoundlyinfluenced by the spiritual being and it is reflected in the artwork they produce.
http://www.ehow.com/arts/http://www.ehow.com/arts/


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Innovative ( You create your own

original artworks)

Inventive

(You have been experimental and

adventurous)

Technical (You have learned techniques

and styles)

After finishing this Module how do you feel?__________________________________

What do you think is your level now? Put a check mark on the circle thatcorresponds to your level.

Do you want to know what comes next?Look for the next module..

References:

http://www.origami-make.com/traditional-origami-dove.phpExpat Web Site Association Jakarta, Indonesia:http://www.expat.or.idhttp://en.wikipedia.orghttp://www.google.com.ph/http://www.thatartistwoman.org
http://www.origami-make.com/traditional-origami-dove.phphttp://www.expat.or.id/http://en.wikipedia.org/http://en.wikipedia.org/http://www.expat.or.id/http://www.origami-make.com/traditional-origami-dove.php


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KEY TO CORRECTION:

Pre-assessmentActivity 1

1. D 6. D2. D 7. D3. D 8. C4. B 9. A5. B 10. D

Activity 2(based on students understanding)

Activity 3

ASIA

Answers

Ancient Dragon

The Great Wave

Golden Buddha

Cherry BlossomLantern

Dancing Dragon

AFRICA

Answers

Traditional Masks

Plains

Body Art

Jewelries

Documents

Folk Arts of Asia and Africa