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FN211 NETWORK FUNDAMENTALS LAB 3

LAB 3 :

NETWORK SERVICES

ACTIVITY 3.1 : Tracing Internet Connectivity

Learning Otco!e"

Use software that shows how data travels through the Internet.

Use the #ing utility to test connectivity to a remote network.

Construct a visual map of connectivity from your network to a remote network.

Bac$gron% & 're#aration

In order to perform this lab, Internet connectivity is required. On a PC, open a web browser to

ensure connectivity eists before beginning this lab.

!his lab has an optional first step of downloading and installing a free program that can be

used to determine the path a packet takes through the Internet. !his program may be free, but

it also may be copyrighted. "lso, it may be that you are not permitted on a campus computer

to download and install software. Check with the instructor or student assistant if you are

unsure.

!he following resources will be required#

$indows%based computer with Internet connectivity

"bility to download and install freeware software &optional'

"ccess to the (un command

Ste# 1 : (O#tiona)* +o,n)oa% an% in"ta)) a -ree #rogra!

a. Open a search engine such as )oogle &www.google.com', *ahoo

&www.yahoo.com', or +earch &http#search.com'.

b. $hich words do you think would give you the best result if you are searching

for a visual program that allows you to trace how data &a packet' travels

through the Internet- $rite your search words.

c. !ype the words you chose in the +earch field. /ocate and download the

software and install it. 0ormally, the website has a link to the download site or

you can click the words 12ownload3 or 12ownload 0ow3. $hen you

download any freeware, remember the location on the hard drive, flash drive,

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or disk media where you saved the program. $rite down where the download

is saved.

d. $hat is the name of the program you installed-

Ste# : Locate ,e/ "ite"

a. Using the search engine again, locate five businesses with a web server, which

are located in a country different from your own.

b. $rite the names of the five business web sites.

c. Using the search engine again, locate a business in your own country that has

a web site that is accessible.

$rite the U(/ of the web site. "n eample U(/ iswww.cisco.com.

Ste# 3 : (O#tiona)* 0"e %o,n)oa%e% vi"a) trace rote too)

a. Using the software you have downloaded and installed, use the tool to

determine the path which the packet takes to reach one of the remote country

destinations. 4ach tool normally allows you to type a U(/. !he program

should either list or visually display the path taken by the packet.

5ow many hops does the packet take to get from your computer to the

destination computer-

b. If your tool also provides time information, write down how long it took forthe packet to reach the first hop-

c. Use the tool to determine the path to another foreign country site. 5ow many

hops does the packet take to get from your computer to the destination

computer-

d. Use the tool to determine the path to a web site in your own country. $as the

time it took to reach a web site in your own country shorter or longer-

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Ste# : 0"e t2e tracertco!!an%

a. Click the Startbutton, click the Rn option, type c!%, and press Enter. "n

alternate way to get to the command prompt is to click Start A)) 'rogra!"

Acce""orie" Co!!an% 'ro!#t.

b. 6rom the command prompt, type tracert and press Enter. Options that can be

used with the tracertcommand are shown. Items shown in square brackets 7 8

are optional. 6or eample, the first option that can be used with the tracert

command is 9d. If someone was to type tracert 4%www.cisco.com, then the

command issued to the computer is to trace the route to www.cisco.com,but

do not try to resolve IP addresses to names. !he target_nameparameter is

mandatory &it does not have brackets around it' and it is replaced with the

destination network. In the previous eample of tracert 4%www.cisco.com,

www.cisco.comis the target_name.

c. Using one of the remote country destination addresses &use the same address

as the one you used with the visualtool if possible' use the tracertcommand

to determine how many hops it takes to reach the remote web server. $rite the

number of hops and the destination.

d. !he tracertcommand uses Internet Control :essage Protocol &IC:P' echo

request messages to determine the path to the final destination. !he path

displayed is a list of IP addresses assigned to routers that connect to one

another to form the path. !he IC:P packets contain a value called a !ime !o

/ive &!!/'. !he !!/ value is ;< by default on a :icrosoft%based PC and each

router through which the packet passes, decrements that value by = before

sending the packet on to the net router in the path. $hen the !!/ value

reaches '.

5ow many hops does your tracertcommand show that the packet went

through-

Ste# 5 : 0"e t2e #at2#ing co!!an%

a. " similar command that can be used on a $indows ?P computer is #at2#ing.!his command combines the abilities of the tracertcommand with the #ing

command. 6rom the command prompt, use the #at2#ingcommand to

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determine the IP addresses of the routers used to create the packet path to

another foreign country address. "n eample of the #at2#ingcommand used

to trace the path to Cisco is #at2#ingwww.cisco.com.

5ow many hops did the #at2#ingcommand display to your remotedestination-

Ste# 6 : (O#tiona)* 0"e t2e ,2oi" -nction

a. +ome of the freeware tools include an option to perform a ,2oi"function.

W2oi"is a separate program or integrated with a tool similar to tracertor

#at2#ing. It displays &and sometimes has a link' who owns the web link of

either the destination U(/ &such as cisco.com' or any of the links along the

path. 4plore the freeware tool that you have downloaded and installed and

determine if it has a ,2oi"function. If it does, use it to determine who owns

the domain name of one of the previous destinations used.

E7ERCISE

=. !ry to think of an instance where the time it takes to reach a web server in your own

country would be longer than it takes to reach another country@s web server-

7A :arks8

A. $hich tracertoption would be used to designate that only B hops could be used to

search for the device address on the destination network- 7A :arks8

;. $rite the full command that would be typed to trace a route to www.cisco.comandinstruct the computer to not search for it after seven hops. 7A :arks8

. $hen do you think that you would ever use a tool like #at2#ingor tracert-

7A :arks8

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ACTIVITY 3. : Bi)%ing Straig2t8T2rog2 an% Cro""over 0T' Ca/)e"

Learning Otco!e"

Euild and test straight%through and crossover Unshielded !wisted Pair &U!P'4thernet network cables.

Bac$gron% & 're#aration

In this lab you will build and terminate 4thernet straight%through patch cables and crossover

cables. $ith a straight%through cable, the color of wire used by pin = on one end is the same

color used by pin = on the other cable end, and similarly for the remaining seven pins. !he

cable will be constructed using either !I"4I" !BDF" or !BDFE standards for 4thernet,

which determine which color wire is used on each pin. +traight%through patch cables are

normally used to connect a host directly to a hub or switch or to a wall plate in and office

area.

$ith a crossover cable the second and third pairs on the (G%B connector at one end of the

cable are reversed at the other end. !he pinouts for the cable are the !BDF" standard on one

end and the !BDFE standard on the other end. Crossover cables are normally used to connect

hubs and switches or can be used to directly connect two hosts to create a simple network.

!his is a two%part lab that can be done individually, in pairs, or in groups.

!he following resources will be required#

!wo

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= A $hiteOrange !ransmit

A A Orange !ransmit

; ; $hite)reen (eceive

= Elue 0ot used

B = $hiteElue 0ot usedD ; )reen (eceive

$hiteErown 0ot used

F Erown 0ot used

'art A : Bi)% an% te"t an Et2ernet "traig2t8t2rog2 #atc2 ca/)e

Ste# 1 : O/tain an% #re#are t2e ca/)e

a. 2etermine the length of cable required. !his could be from a device such as acomputer to the device to which it connects &like a hub or switch' or between a

device and an (G%B outlet Jack. "dd at least ;

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f. 4nsure the cable wires are still in the correct order as the standard.

g. Cut the cable in a straight line to within =.AB to =.H cm &=A to ; in.' from the

edge of the cable Jacket. If it is longer than this, the cable will be susceptible to

crosstalk &the interference of bits from one wire with an adJacent wire'.h. !he tang &the prong that sticks out from the (G%B connector' should be on the

underside pointing downward when inserting the wires. Insert the wires firmly

into the (G%B connector until all wires are pushed as far as possible into the

connector.

Ste# 3 : In"#ect cri!# an% re8in"#ect

a. Lisually inspect the cable and ensure the right color codes are connected to the

correct pin numbers.

b. Lisually inspect the end of the connector. !he eight wires should be pressed

firmly against the end of the (G%B connector. +ome of the cable Jacket should

be inside the first portion of the connector. !his provides strain relief for the

cable. If the cable Jacket is not far enough inside the connector, it may

eventually cause the cable to fail.

c. If everything is correctly aligned and inserted properly, place the (G%B

connector and cable into the crimper. !he crimper will push two plungers

down on the (G%B connector.

d. Lisually re%inspect the connector. If improperly installed, cut the end off and

repeat the process.

Ste# : Ter!inate t2e ot2er ca/)e en%

a. Use the previously described steps to attach an (G%B connector to the other

end of the cable.

b. Lisually re%inspect the connector. If improperly installed, cut the end off and

repeat the process.

c. $hich standard 7!BDF" K !BDFE8 is used for patch cables in your school-

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Ste# 5 : Te"t t2e ca/)e

a. Using a cable tester, test the straight%through cable for functionality. If it fails,

repeat the lab.

b. &Optional' Use the cable to connect a PC to a network.

c. &Optional' Click the Startbutton and select the Rn option.

d. &Optional' !ype c!%and press Enter.

e. &Optional' 6rom the command prompt, type i#con-ig.

f. &Optional' $rite down the default gateway IP address.

g. &Optional' 6rom the command prompt, type #ing followed by the default

gateway IP address. If the cable is functional, the ping should be successful&provided that no other network problem eists and the default gateway router

is connected and functional'.

'art B : Bi)% an% te"t an Et2ernet cro""over ca/)e

Ste# 1 : O/tain an% #re#are t2e ca/)e

a. 2etermine the length of cable required. !his could be from a hub to a hub, hub

to switch, switch to switch, computer to router, or from one computer to

another computer. "dd at least ;

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g. !he tang &the prong that sticks out from the (G%B connector' should be on the

underside pointing downward when inserting the wires. Insert the wires firmly

into the (G%B connector until all wires are pushed as far as possible into the

connector.

Ste# 3 : In"#ect cri!# an% re8in"#ect

a. Lisually inspect the cable and ensure the right color codes are connected to the

correct pin numbers.

b. Lisually inspect the end of the connector. !he eight wires should be pressed

firmly against the (G%B connector. +ome of the cable Jacket should be inside

the first portion of the connector. !his provides for cable strain relief which

can eventually cause the cable to fail.

c. If everything is correctly aligned and inserted properly, place the (G%Bconnector and cable into the crimper. !he crimper will push two plungers

down on the (G%B connector.

d. Lisually re%inspect the connector. If improperly installed, cut the end off and

repeat the process.

Ste# : Ter!inate t2e T56;B ca/)e en%

a. On the other end, use the previously described steps &but use the !BDFE table

and standard' to attach an (G%B connector to the cable.

b. Lisually re%inspect the connector. If improperly installed, cut the end off andrepeat the process.

c. $hich standard 7!BDF" K !BDFE8 would you rather use at home if you have or

would like to have a home network-

Ste# 5 : Te"t t2e ca/)e

a. Using a cable tester, test the crossover cable for functionality. If it fails, repeat

the lab.

b. Use the cable to connect two PCs.

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c. On both computers, click the Startbutton and select Rn.

NOTE:If the Rncommand is unavailable on your PC, visually check the /42

status lights on the 0IC card. If they are on &usually green or amber' the cable is

functional.d. On both computers, type cmd and press 4nter.

e. On both computers from the command prompt, type ipconfig.

f. $rite the IP address of both computers.

Computer =#

Computer A#

g. 6rom the command prompt of one computer, type #ing followed by the IP

address of the other computer. If the cable is functional, the ping should besuccessful. 2o the ping on the other computer as well.

NOTE:!he $indows 6irewall on the target computer must be temporarily

disabled for the ping to be successful. (efer to /ab ;.=.B if you need help with

this. If you disable the firewall, be sure to re%enable it.

E7ERCISE

=. $hich part of making these cables did you find the most difficult- Compare your

views with a classmate. 7A :arks8

A. "re all four pairs of cables twisted the same amount- 2iscuss the reasons why or

why not. 7A :arks8

;. :any technicians keep a crossover cable in their toolkit. $hen do you think that you

would use a crossover cable and when do you think a network technician would use

this cable- 7A :arks8

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