Flower and Fruit

The flower helps the plant to reproduce.

The Reproductive Structure of Flowering Plants:

Perianth

Petal: Corolla Sepal:Calyx

fruit can be defined as part of a flowering

plant that derives from specific tissues of the flower, one or more ovaries, and in some

cases accessory tissues”.

Fruits

A fruit develops from the

ovary wall after

fertilization of the egg in

the ovule

A seed develops from the

ovule after fertilization of the egg in

the ovule

Receptacle

Classification of Fruits

Simple

(e.g.Senna pods)

Aggregate

(e.g.Star anise)

Composite (compound, multiple)

(e.g. Figs)

2- Dry Fruits

1- Succulent (fleshy pericarp)

Succulent Fruits

حسلية

Drupe

لبية

Berry

كاذبة تفاحيةPome

Exocarp

Outermost layer

of the fruit wall

Mesocarp

Middle layer

Endocarp

Innermost

layer

Dry Fruitsالثمار الجافة

جافة متفتحة Dehiscent

جافة غير متفتحة Indehiscent

منشقة Schizocarpic

I-Dehiscent Fruits

جرابيةFollicle

قرنيةLegume

خردلةSiliqua

خريدلةsilicula

Capsuleعلبة

Capsuleعلبة

Valvesصمامات Lidغطاء teeth اسنان Porousثقوب

يكن

سم

ي

جزحا

ي

عرا

صم

عين القط قرنفل خشخاش

II-Indehiscent Fruits

غير متفتحة

فقيرة Achene

برةCaryopsis

سبسالCypsella

جناحية Samara

بندقة

Nut

III-Schizocarpic Fruits منشقة

خبيزة

الثمار المتجمعة Aggregate Fruits

Achenes

Follicles

strawberry

Many ovaries derived from a single flower

Strawberry (Fragaria sp.)

Composite Fruits

(Compound,Collective or Multiple)

From several ovaries of several flowers of a

compact inflorescence

Pineapple (Ananas comosus)

بذور