FlashbackFlashback1. Name two major differences between Mesopotamia and

Egypt.

2. What was the major purpose for the building of pyramids?

3. Who signed the world’s first peace treaty?

4. What was one method Khufu used to ensure that his power would be accepted?

5. What natural barrier protects the Egyptians to the north?

1. Name two major differences between Mesopotamia and Egypt.

2. What was the major purpose for the building of pyramids?

3. Who signed the world’s first peace treaty?

4. What was one method Khufu used to ensure that his power would be accepted?

5. What natural barrier protects the Egyptians to the north?

The Nile RiverThe Nile River

Overflowed from July to October

Left behind layer of fertile mud

The Nile RiverThe Nile RiverFarmers planted wheat, barley, and flax seeds

Had irrigation system using basins, or bowl-shaped holes, to trap floodwaters, and canals to carry the water

Shadoof: bucket attached to a long pole (still used today)

GovernmentGovernmentTrading with Mesopotamia may have led to ideas about government

Villages led by chiefs

Narmer (Menes), king of Upper Egypt, took control of Lower Egypt (Nile Delta) by force

Dynasty started with Menes

Dynasty lasted 2,800 years with 31 dynasties

PharaohPharaoh

Means “great house”

Obeyed without question

Considered to be son of Ra (Re), the sun god

Many people believed his actions determined fate of kingdom

ReligionReligion

Deity - god or goddess

Why do you think Re was so powerful to them?

Hapi ruled the Nile River.

Isis represented the loyal wife and mother

Osiris ruled over the dead; husband of Isis

ReligionReligionThought afterlife would be even better than life on earth

Believed only pharaohs and elites enjoyed afterlife

Embalmed pharaoh because they believed he would still take care of Egypt from afterlife and needed a body to do it

ReligionReligionEmbalming led to them to know about

the body

Used herbs and drugs to treat illness

Sewed up wounds and fixed broken bones

Wrote first medical books on papyrus

PyramidsPyramidsBuilt mostly by farmers during floods

Led to advances in the calendar and math

Great Pyramid built for King Khufu; located in Giza

Old KingdomOld Kingdom

Capital in Memphis

Pharaohs lost control; Egypt in chaos for 200 years

Moved capital to Thebes

Middle KingdomMiddle KingdomTime of peace and stability

Conquered Nubia and modern-day Syria

Forced conquered people to pay tribute, forced payments to the pharaoh

Middle KingdomMiddle KingdomArts flourished; artists paint scenes of daily life (how we get a lot of our information about the Egyptians)

Instead of pyramids, pharaohs had temples carved into cliffs; became known as Valley of the Kings

The Middle KingdomThe Middle KingdomEnded when Egypt was invaded by the Hyksos

Hyksos were mighty warriors; rode horse-drawn carriages; used weapons made of bronze and iron

Egyptians fought on foot with weapons made of copper and stone

The New KingdomThe New Kingdom

Egyptian prince named Ahmose drove out Hyksos 120 years later

Began New Kingdom (1550 B.C.E to 1080 B.C.E.)

The New KingdomThe New KingdomHatshepsut started ruling with her husband; made herself pharaoh

TRADE, TRADE, TRADE!!

Traded for gold, incense, ivory, ebony, and wood

WEALTHY

Temple in Valley of the Kings

The New KingdomThe New KingdomHatshepsut’s nephew, Thutmose III expanded Egypt’s borders to the Euphrates River

What are some things that you think Egypt gained when they conquered lands?

Conquered people were enslaved (POW)

Slavery becomes widespread

The New KingdomThe New KingdomAmenhotep IV ruled with his wife, Nefertiti

Priests were gaining power

He said only one god, Aton, was to be worshipped

Priests objected; he removed them

Changed his name to Akhenaton, meaning “Spirit of Aton”

Egypt lost most of their land in Asia (Hittites)

King Tut was Amenhotep’s son-in-law

The New KingdomThe New KingdomRamses II most successful in revamping

Egypt; ruled for 60 years

Temple is in Valley of the Kings

After Ramses, pharaohs had trouble keeping neighboring countries under Egyptian

control

Fall of EgyptFall of EgyptBy 1150 B.C.E., Egyptians had lost their empire; controlled only the Nile Delta

First conquerors were Libyans

The Kush ruled Egypt for 70 years until they were taken over by Assyrians in 670 B.C.E.