Upload
jade-cameron
View
218
Download
2
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Fishes
Digital Zoology © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Why are there so many body types?Why are there so many body types?Why are there so many body types?Why are there so many body types?
01:12
9Fishes
Fishes
Digital Zoology © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Fish and quadruped evolutionFish and quadruped evolutionFish and quadruped evolutionFish and quadruped evolution
01:12
10Fishes
Fishes
Digital Zoology © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 01:12
11Fishes
Fish:Fish:TaxonomyTaxonomy& Form and function of & Form and function of internal anatomyinternal anatomy
Fish:Fish:TaxonomyTaxonomy& Form and function of & Form and function of internal anatomyinternal anatomy
Fishes
Digital Zoology © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
How do they compare?How do they compare?How do they compare?How do they compare?
01:12
12Fishes
Fishes
Digital Zoology © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Phylum Chordata evolutionPhylum Chordata evolutionPhylum Chordata evolutionPhylum Chordata evolution
01:12
13Fishes
Fishes
Digital Zoology © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 01:12
14Fishes
TaxonomyTaxonomy: 3 of the 7 classes of : 3 of the 7 classes of chordates are fishchordates are fishTaxonomyTaxonomy: 3 of the 7 classes of : 3 of the 7 classes of chordates are fishchordates are fish Agnatha (lamprey and hagfish)– no jaw
Gnathostomes– Cartilaginous fish (Chondrichthyes)• sharks and rays
– Bony fishes (Osteichthyes)• trout, perch
Agnatha (lamprey and hagfish)– no jaw
Gnathostomes– Cartilaginous fish (Chondrichthyes)• sharks and rays
– Bony fishes (Osteichthyes)• trout, perch
Fishes
Digital Zoology © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 01:12
15Fishes
CephalochordataCephalochordata
Larval agnathanLarval agnathan
Fishes
Digital Zoology © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 01:12
16Fishes
Ammocoete larvaAmmocoete larvaAmmocoete larvaAmmocoete larva
MouthMouthMouthMouth Gill pouchesGill pouchesGill pouchesGill pouches
Nerve cordNerve cordNerve cordNerve cordNotochordNotochordNotochordNotochord
HeartHeartHeartHeart
Digestive systemDigestive systemDigestive systemDigestive system
AnusAnusAnusAnus
Fishes
Digital Zoology © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 01:12
17Fishes
AgnathaAgnathaAgnathaAgnatha
Fishes
Digital Zoology © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 01:12
18Fishes
HagfishHagfishHagfishHagfish
External gill openingExternal gill openingExternal gill openingExternal gill opening
MouthMouthMouthMouth
Pores of slime sacsPores of slime sacsPores of slime sacsPores of slime sacs
Caudal finCaudal finCaudal finCaudal fin
Median nostrilMedian nostrilMedian nostrilMedian nostril
Fishes
Digital Zoology © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 01:12
19Fishes
HagfishHagfishHagfishHagfish
NostrilNostrilNostrilNostril
Olfactory sacOlfactory sacOlfactory sacOlfactory sac Brain and nerve cordBrain and nerve cordBrain and nerve cordBrain and nerve cord
NotochordNotochordNotochordNotochord
Tongue withTongue withteethteeth
Tongue withTongue withteethteeth
Opening to Opening to Gill sacGill sacOpening to Opening to Gill sacGill sac
Fishes
Digital Zoology © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 01:12
20Fishes
Hagfish feedingHagfish feedingHagfish feedingHagfish feeding
Fishes
Digital Zoology © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 01:12
21Fishes
LampreysLampreysLampreysLampreys
Gill openingGill openingGill openingGill opening
Fishes
Digital Zoology © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 01:12
22Fishes
LampreysLampreysLampreysLampreys
TongueTonguewith teethwith teeth
TongueTonguewith teethwith teeth
PharynxPharynxPharynxPharynx
Buccal funnelBuccal funnelwith teethwith teeth
Buccal funnelBuccal funnelwith teethwith teeth
Fishes
Digital Zoology © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 01:12
23Fishes
How did your jaws evolve?How did your jaws evolve?How did your jaws evolve?How did your jaws evolve?
Fishes
Digital Zoology © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
How did your ears evolve?How did your ears evolve?How did your ears evolve?How did your ears evolve?
01:12
24Fishes
Fishes
Digital Zoology © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 01:12
25Fishes
Gnathostomes (Chondrichthyes)Gnathostomes (Chondrichthyes)Cartilaginous fishCartilaginous fishGnathostomes (Chondrichthyes)Gnathostomes (Chondrichthyes)Cartilaginous fishCartilaginous fish
Fishes
Digital Zoology © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 01:12
26Fishes
Gnathostomes (Chondrichthyes)Gnathostomes (Chondrichthyes)Cartilaginous fishCartilaginous fishGnathostomes (Chondrichthyes)Gnathostomes (Chondrichthyes)Cartilaginous fishCartilaginous fish
Fishes
Digital Zoology © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 01:12
27Fishes
Gnathostomes (Chondrichthyes)Gnathostomes (Chondrichthyes)Cartilaginous fishCartilaginous fishGnathostomes (Chondrichthyes)Gnathostomes (Chondrichthyes)Cartilaginous fishCartilaginous fish
Pelvic girdle and finPelvic girdle and finPelvic girdle and finPelvic girdle and fin
Pectoral girdle and finPectoral girdle and finPectoral girdle and finPectoral girdle and fin
Caudal finCaudal finCaudal finCaudal fin
Dorsal finsDorsal finsDorsal finsDorsal fins
Fishes
Digital Zoology © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 01:12
28Fishes
Pharyngeal gillsPharyngeal gillsPharyngeal gillsPharyngeal gills
MouthMouthMouthMouth PharynxPharynxPharynxPharynx
Gill archGill archGill archGill arch
Gill filamentsGill filamentsGill filamentsGill filamentsCartilaginous supportCartilaginous supportCartilaginous supportCartilaginous support
Fishes
Digital Zoology © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 01:12
29Fishes
Gill surfaceGill surfaceGill surfaceGill surface
Fishes
Digital Zoology © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 01:12
30Fishes
Placoid ScalesPlacoid ScalesPlacoid ScalesPlacoid Scales
DentinDentinDentinDentin
PulpPulpPulpPulp
Pulp cavityPulp cavityPulp cavityPulp cavity
EpidermisEpidermisEpidermisEpidermis
Fishes
Digital Zoology © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 01:12
31Fishes
FeedingFeedingFeedingFeeding
ToothToothToothTooth
New tooth formingNew tooth formingNew tooth formingNew tooth forming
Fishes
Digital Zoology © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 01:12
32Fishes
Digestive systemDigestive systemDigestive systemDigestive system
StomachStomachStomachStomach
Spiral valveSpiral valveSpiral valveSpiral valve
LiverLiverLiverLiver
LiverLiverLiverLiver
01:12
33
Lateral line: formLateral line: formLateral line: formLateral line: form
Sensory hairsSensory hairsSensory hairsSensory hairs
NeuromastNeuromastNeuromastNeuromast
Sensory cellSensory cellSensory cellSensory cell
Lateral lineLateral lineLateral lineLateral line
Lateral nerveLateral nerveLateral nerveLateral nerve
Fishes
Digital Zoology © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Lateral line: functionLateral line: functionLateral line: functionLateral line: function
01:12
34Fishes
Ampullae of Lorenzini: detect electricityAmpullae of Lorenzini: detect electricityAmpullae of Lorenzini: detect electricityAmpullae of Lorenzini: detect electricity
01:12
35Tiger shark snout
Fishes
Digital Zoology © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 01:12
36Fishes
Ampullae of LorenziniAmpullae of LorenziniAmpullae of LorenziniAmpullae of Lorenzini
AmpullaAmpullaAmpullaAmpulla
PorePorePorePore
Jelly filled Jelly filled cavitycavityJelly filled Jelly filled cavitycavity
AmpullaAmpullaAmpullaAmpulla
NerveNerveNerveNerve
Fishes
Digital Zoology © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 01:12
37Fishes
Osteichthyes Osteichthyes (Bony fish)(Bony fish)Osteichthyes Osteichthyes (Bony fish)(Bony fish)
Fishes
Digital Zoology © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 01:12
38Fishes
Osteichthyes skeletonOsteichthyes skeletonOsteichthyes skeletonOsteichthyes skeleton
Pelvic finPelvic finPelvic finPelvic finPectoral finPectoral finPectoral finPectoral fin
Caudal finCaudal finCaudal finCaudal fin
Dorsal finsDorsal finsDorsal finsDorsal fins
Anal finAnal finAnal finAnal fin
Fishes
Digital Zoology © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 01:12
39Fishes
Transition to landTransition to landTransition to landTransition to land
Fishes
Digital Zoology © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 01:12
40Fishes
Transition to landTransition to land(lobe fins)(lobe fins)Transition to landTransition to land(lobe fins)(lobe fins)
Fishes
Digital Zoology © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 01:12
41Fishes
Fish tailsFish tailsFish tailsFish tails
HeterocercalHeterocercal
HomocercalHomocercalDiphycercalDiphycercal
Fishes
Digital Zoology © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 01:12
59Fishes
SpecializationSpecializationSpecializationSpecialization
AccelerationAcceleration
CruisingCruising
ManeuveringManeuvering
Fishes
Digital Zoology © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 01:12
60Fishes
Fish scalesFish scalesFish scalesFish scales
GanoidGanoid
CtenoidCtenoid
CycloidCycloid
Fishes
Digital Zoology © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 01:12
61Fishes
Trunk musculatureTrunk musculatureTrunk musculatureTrunk musculature
Fishes
Digital Zoology © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 01:12
62Fishes
Opercular gillsOpercular gillsOpercular gillsOpercular gills
Gill archGill archGill archGill arch
Gill filamentsGill filamentsGill filamentsGill filaments
OperculumOperculumOperculumOperculum
MouthMouthMouthMouth
Fishes
Digital Zoology © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 01:12
63Fishes
Opercular gillOpercular gillOpercular gillOpercular gill
Fishes
Digital Zoology © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 01:12
64Fishes
Opercular gillOpercular gillOpercular gillOpercular gill
Fishes
Digital Zoology © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 01:12
65Fishes
Gill archGill archGill archGill arch
ArteryArteryArteryArtery
Gill filamentsGill filamentsGill filamentsGill filaments
VeinVeinVeinVein
Fishes
Digital Zoology © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 01:12
66Fishes
Counter current exchangeCounter current exchangeCounter current exchangeCounter current exchange
Water flowWater flowWater flowWater flow
Blood flowBlood flowBlood flowBlood flow
Fishes
Digital Zoology © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 01:12
67Fishes
BloodBlood WaterWater
100%100%20%20%
30%35%40%45%50%55%60%
30%35%40%45%50%55%60%
90%85%80%75%70%75%60%
90%85%80%75%70%75%60%
ConcurrentConcurrentexchangeexchangeConcurrentConcurrentexchangeexchange Fluids flow in
the same direction
equilibrium between the two fluids occurs
Fluids flow in the same direction
equilibrium between the two fluids occurs
Fishes
Digital Zoology © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 01:12
68Fishes
BloodBlood WaterWater
100%100%
20%20%
30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
Counter CurrentCounter CurrentExchangeExchangeCounter CurrentCounter CurrentExchangeExchange Fluids flow in the
opposite directions
Equilibrium between the two fluids never occurs
Fluids flow in the opposite directions
Equilibrium between the two fluids never occurs
Fishes
Digital Zoology © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 01:12
69Fishes
Circulatory systemCirculatory systemCirculatory systemCirculatory system
VentricleVentricleAuricleAuricle
GillsGills
Fishes
Digital Zoology © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 01:12
70Fishes
Swim bladderSwim bladderSwim bladderSwim bladder
Fishes
Digital Zoology © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 01:12
71Fishes
Lateral line system: same as sharksLateral line system: same as sharksLateral line system: same as sharksLateral line system: same as sharks
Sensory hairsSensory hairsSensory hairsSensory hairs
Nerve fibersNerve fibersNerve fibersNerve fibers
NeuromastNeuromastNeuromastNeuromast
Lateral line canalLateral line canalLateral line canalLateral line canal
NeuromastNeuromastNeuromastNeuromast
Fishes
Digital Zoology © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Fastest Fish competitionFastest Fish competitionFastest Fish competitionFastest Fish competition
01:12
72Fishes
Fishes
Digital Zoology © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
Fastest Fish competition: Fastest Fish competition: scoring guidelinescoring guidelineFastest Fish competition: Fastest Fish competition: scoring guidelinescoring guideline
FASTEST FISH CHALLENGE ANALYSIS >>---->
Fish designer:
CATEGORY DISTINGUISHED PROFICIENT NOT QUITE
Fin orientation:
Coloration for environment
(camouflage, warning, disorienting):
Countershading:
Hydrodynamic rating
OVERALL FISH QUALITY
01:12
73Fishes