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Fish & Wildlife Bio/Sci 2700:ICHTHYOLOGYA Problem Based Learning Environment
Exemplar cases• Ill-structured authentic cases
– What is causing the extirpation of sturgeon?– Multiple variables:
• Overharvesting• Dam construction – habitat destruction• Pollutants• Invasive Species
• Scaffolding in the form of partially constructed causal maps and other feedback on quizzes provides support to novice learners
Complexity• Tasks gradually introduce complexity
– Lake Sturgeon introduces overharvesting– Pallid Sturgeon uses overharvesting, dam
construction, environmental pollution– Shovelnose increases complexity by adding
issues related to invasive species and hybridization
– Independent research on Paddlefish requires transfer as well as some unique problem-solving
• Transfer of complexity from one case to the next
Independent & group decision-making True/False self-check quiz follows each
case to check individual comprehension Causal maps require students to reflect
on the relation of threat to fish attributes such as life history, behavior, and morphology
Argumentation is applied to cases to predict outcomes and justify reasons among peers
Support Provided True/False self-check quiz provides
feedback Causal maps use a drag and drop function
as well as comments to the student Argumentation requires peer interaction Concept map requires students to construct
their own understanding of factors related to the extirpation of the species
Expert opinions provide guidance
COGNITIVE APPRENTICESHIP Real-world problem solving cases
Lake and Pallid Sturgeon are on the brink of extinction in 19 out of 20 states
Shovelnose face similar threats although some factors vary such as age of sexual maturity
Paddlefish is another local fish facing extirpation
Extirpation & Extinction of fish and aquatic wildlife are world-wide concerns
COGNITIVE APPRENTICESHIP Team formation – students may work in
groups of 3-4 students, or independently
Students may work cooperatively or collaboratively
Argumentation requires students to analyze, reflect, articulate, and refine understandings
Prediction requires students to apply knowledge to understanding of species