Firefighter IIIFirefighter IIIModule BModule BNozzles and Fire Streams Nozzles and Fire Streams

3-10.1. Identify the major parts of a fog nozzle:

•I. Parts:• a) Nozzle control valve:• i) Permits regulation of flow.• ii) Types:• (1)   Ball valve (most common)• (2)   Slide valve• (3)   Rotary valve

3-10.1. Identify the major parts of a fog nozzle:

•b) Tips:• i) Solid• ii) Fog• iii) Broken

3-10.1. Identify the major parts of a fog nozzle:• c) Play pipes:• i) Tapered pipe used to accelerate flow.• ii) Usually found on 2 ½ inch nozzles.• d) Stream straighteners- used to prevent the

twisting motion of a fire stream.

3-10.2. Identify the water flow through various types of fog nozzles:•I. Water flow: Water flow: • a) Periphery deflected:a) Periphery deflected:• i) Produced by deflecting water from i) Produced by deflecting water from

periphery of an inside, circular stem and periphery of an inside, circular stem and then again by the barrel.then again by the barrel.

• ii) Position of exterior barrel determines ii) Position of exterior barrel determines shape of stream.shape of stream.

• b) Impinging jet:b) Impinging jet:• i) Developed by driving several jets of i) Developed by driving several jets of

water together at a fixed angle.water together at a fixed angle.• ii) Usually produces wide fog patterns.ii) Usually produces wide fog patterns.

3-10.3 Identify the rate of water flow necessary to control fire in a room of

specified volume. (4-12.6) •Rate of water flow- required flow is

determined by dividing cubic feet of the area involved by 100, which provides area flow in gpm.

•Area flow (gpm)= cu. Ft. room/100

3-10.4 Identify the advantages and disadvantages of solid stream and fog nozzles: (4-12.7)• I. Fog nozzles:• a)      Advantages:• i)        Discharge pattern may be

adjusted to suit the situation.• ii)       May have adjustable

gallonage settings to control the amount of water being used.

• iii)     May be used in close proximity to energized electrical equipment with a reduced chance of electrocution to the firefighter.

• iv)     Used for foam.

3-10.4 Identify the advantages and disadvantages of solid stream and fog nozzles: (4-12.7)

•I. Fog (cont.)• b) Disadvantages:• i) Fog streams do not have the reach or

penetrating power of solid stream.• ii) More susceptibility to wind currents.• iii) When improperly used during fire

attacks:• (1) They can spread fire.• (2) Create heat inversion.• (3) Cause steam burns to firefighters.

3-10.4 Identify the advantages and disadvantages of solid stream and fog nozzles: (4-12.7)

•II. Solid streams:• a) Advantages:• i) Greater reach than other types of

streams.• ii) Greater penetration power than

other types of streams.• iii) Less likely to disturb normal

thermal layering of heat and gases during interior attacks.

3-10.4 Identify the advantages and disadvantages of solid stream and fog nozzles: (4-12.7)

•II. Solid Stream• a) Disadvantages:• i) Unable to select different stream

patterns when desired.• ii) May not be used for foam.• iii) Less heat absorbed per gallon

delivered.

3-10.5. Identify the operation of fog and solid stream nozzles: (4-12.5)

•I. Fog nozzle operation:• a) Water is divided into fine particles.• b) Flows through various types of

nozzles:• i) Fixed gallonage.• ii) Adjustable gallonage.• iii) Automatic.

3-10.5. Identify the operation of fog and solid stream nozzles: (4-12.5)

•II. Solid stream operation:• a) Water passes through a gradually

reducing cylinder.• b) At a point 1 ½ times the diameter

from the end it goes through a cylindrical bores.

• c) Shut off is threaded at both ends.

3-10.6. Identify methods of preventing damage to a nozzle and associated equipment:

•A. Open nozzles and other appliances slowly.

•B. Close nozzles and other appliances slowly.

3-10.7. Identify the safe procedures in the handling of fire hose and directing fire streams:

•A       Watch for over pressurization- hose line is too stiff to move.

•B       Operate hand lines with minimum of two firefighters.

•C       Remain aware of fire conditions.•D       Follow personal safety procedures.•E        Keep verbal communication.

3-10.8. Given three different fire situations, identify the proper nozzle and hose for fire attack: (4-12.1)

• Fire situations:• 1.       Factors to consider:• a)      Volume of water needed for

extinguishments.• b)      Reach needed.• c)      Number of firefighters available to handle

the hose.• d)      Mobility requirements.• e)      Tactical requirements.• f)        Speed of deployment.• g)      Potential fire spread.

3-10.8. Given three different fire situations, identify the proper nozzle and hose for fire attack: (4-12.1)

•Fire Situations (cont.) •B. Guidelines:• 1) Booster:• i) Small exterior fire.• ii) Chimney fire.• iii) Overhaul.

3-10.8. Given three different fire situations, identify the proper nozzle and hose for fire attack: (4-12.1)

•Fire Situations (cont.) •B. Guidelines:• 2) 1 ½ inches:• i) Developing fires.• ii) Quick attack.• iii) Rapid relocation.• iv) One to three rooms involved.

3-10.8. Given three different fire situations, identify the proper nozzle and hose for fire attack: (4-12.1)

•Fire Situations (cont.) •B. Guidelines:• 3) 1 ¾ inches:• i) Limited manpower.• ii) Fuel load to area is relatively light.• iii) Exposure protection.• iv) Size of fire beyond reach of flow of a

1 ½ inch line.• v) One to three rooms involved.

3-10.8. Given three different fire situations, identify the proper nozzle and hose for fire attack: (4-12.1)

•Fire Situations (cont.) •B. Guidelines:• 4) 2 inches:• i) When both water and manpower are

ample.• ii) One floor to more fully involved.

3-10.8. Given three different fire situations, identify the proper nozzle and hose for fire attack: (4-12.1)

•Fire Situations (cont.) •B. Guidelines:•5) 2 ½ inches:• i) Safety of crew dictates.• ii) Larger volumes or greater reach

needed for exposure protection.• iii) When size of fire beyond capabilities

of smaller lines.• iv) One floor or more fully involved.

3-10.8. Given three different fire situations, identify the proper nozzle and hose for fire attack: (4-12.1)

•Fire Situations (cont.) •B. Guidelines:•6)      Master stream:• i) Sufficient pumping capacity available.• ii) Large volumes and greater reach is

needed for exposure protection.• iii) Interior attacks can no longer be

maintained.• iv) Large structure fully involved.

3-10.9. Identify the four methods by which foam prevents or controls a hazard: (4-13.1) •A. Smothering- Preventing air and

flammable vapors from combining.•B. Separating- Intervening between fuel

and fire.•C. Cooling- Lowering the temperatures of

the fuel and adjacent surfaces.•D. Suppressing- Preventing the release of

flammable vapors.

3-10.10.    Identify the principle by which foam is generated: (4-13.2)

•I. Methods of foam generation:

• a) Necessary elements:

• i) Foam concentrate.• ii) Water.• iii) Air.• iv) Mechanical

agitation (aeration).

3-10.10.    Identify the principle by which foam is generated: (4-13.2)

•I. Methods of foam generation:• b) Process:• i) Water is mixed with concentrate to

form foam solution.• ii) Foam solution passes through the

hose line to foam maker (nozzle).• iii) The solution is aerated and finished

foam is formed.

3-10.10.    Identify the principle by which foam is generated: (4-13.2)

• Foam concentrate- raw foam liquid.Foam concentrate- raw foam liquid.• Foam proportioner- device that injects Foam proportioner- device that injects

correct amount of foam concentrate into correct amount of foam concentrate into the water stream to make foam solution.the water stream to make foam solution.

• Foam solution- mixture of foam Foam solution- mixture of foam concentrate and water that is discharged concentrate and water that is discharged from the porportioner and passed through from the porportioner and passed through the hand line.the hand line.

• Finished foam- completed product after the Finished foam- completed product after the foam solution reaches the nozzle and air is foam solution reaches the nozzle and air is introduced into the solution. (aeration)introduced into the solution. (aeration)

3-10.11. Identify common causes for the poor generation of foam and identify the procedures for correcting each: (4-13.3)

•A. Failure to match eductor and nozzle flow. Know that eductor controls flow of foam.

•B. Air leaks at fittings causing loss of suction.

•C. Improper cleaning of proportioning equipment.

D. Partially closed nozzle.

3-10.11. Identify common causes for the poor generation of foam and identify the procedures for correcting each: (4-13.3)

•E. Too long a lay on the discharge side of the eductor- 150 ft max.

•F. Kinked hose.•G. Nozzle too far above eductor.•H. Mixing different types of foam

concentrate in the same tank.

3-10.12. Identify the difference between hydrocarbon and polar solvent fuels and identify the type of foam concentrate required for each fuel: (4-13.4)•I. Fuel types:• a) Hydrocarbon: (1-6% foam solution)• i) Petroleum based.• ii) Floats on water. iii) Firefighting foam is effective.

3-10.12. Identify the difference between hydrocarbon and polar solvent fuels and identify the type of foam concentrate required for each fuel: (4-13.4)•I. Fuel types: (cont.) • b) Polar solvents: (6-10 % foam solution)• i) Attraction with water• ii) Mix with water.• iii) Alcohol type concentrate is

effective.

3-10.13. Identify the advantages, characteristics and precautions for use of the following types of foam: (4-13.5)

• 3-10.13.1. Protein:1.Advantages: a) Excellent water retention capabilities. b) High heat resistance. c) Performance not affected by freezing. d) Can be stored at temperatures from 20 F

to 120 F. e) Can be compounded for freeze protection. f) Can be made alcohol resistant by adding

heavy metal salts. g) Applied very gently to polar solvents.

3-10.13. Identify the advantages, characteristics and precautions for use of the following types of foam: (4-13.5)

• 3-10.13.1. Protein:2. Disadvantages:a. Tends to mix with the fuel.b. Requires close approach by personnel.c.c. Little resistance to burn back (flash Little resistance to burn back (flash

back)back)

3-10.13. Identify the advantages, characteristics and precautions for use of the following types of foam: (4-13.5)

• 3-10.13.2. Fluoroprotein:• I. Advantages:• a) Surfactants enable foam to shed hydrocarbons.• b) May be used with fresh or salt water.• c) Good water retention.• d) Extreme resistance to heat.• e) Performance not affected by freezing and thawing.• f) Can be freeze- protected with nonflammable antifreeze

solution.• g) Can be stored pre-mixed for a short period of time.• h) Compatible with simultaneous application of dry h) Compatible with simultaneous application of dry

chemical extinguishing agents.chemical extinguishing agents.

3-10.13. Identify the advantages, characteristics and precautions for use of the following types of foam: (4-13.5)

•3-10.13.3. Film forming fluoroprotein:•I. Advantages:• a) Can be stored pre-mixed.• b) Compatible with simultaneous

application of dry chemical extinguishing agent.

• c) Performance is not affected by freezing or thawing.

• d) When made alcohol resistant it is multi-purpose.

3-10.13. Identify the advantages, characteristics and precautions for use of the following types of foam: (4-13.5)

•3-10.13.4. Aqueous film forming foam:•I. Advantages:• a) Can be pre-mixed.• b) Can be used through non-aerating

nozzles.• c) Can be freeze protected.• d) Forms a blanket which exclude air.• e) Has the ability to “heal” over areas

where the blanket is disturbed.

3-10.13. Identify the advantages, characteristics and precautions for use of the following types of foam: (4-13.5)

•3-10.13.4. Aqueous film forming foam:•II. Disadvantages:• a) Alcohol resistant AFFF can’t be

premixed.• b) May be adversely affected if stored

below 50 F.

3-10.13. Identify the advantages, characteristics and precautions for use of the following types of foam: (4-13.5)

•3-10.13.5. Hazardous materials vapor mitigating foam:

•I. Advantages:• a) Forms a blanket which separates the

liquid from heat sources.• b) Reduces the rate of vaporization.

3-10.13. Identify the advantages, characteristics and precautions for use of the following types of foam: (4-13.5)

•3-10.13.5. Hazardous materials vapor mitigating foam:

•II. Disadvantages:• a) Not designed for fire fighting.• b) Not designed for specific types of

hazardous liquids.• c) Cannot be used on chemicals that are

reactive with water.• d) Some are not designed to be used

with other foams.

3-10.13. Identify the advantages, characteristics and precautions for use of the following types of foam: (4-13.5)

•3-10.13.6. Medium and high expansion foam:

•I. Advantages:• a) Performance is not affected by

freezing and thawing.• b) Minimizes water damage.

Medium Expansion Foam Ratios: 100:1 to 300:1High Expansion Foam Ratios: 500:1 to 1200:1

3-10.13. Identify the advantages, characteristics and precautions for use of the following types of foam: (4-13.5)

•3-10.13.6. Medium and high expansion foam:

•II. Disadvantages:• a) Poor heat resistance.• b) Cannot have prolonged contact with

galvanized or raw steel.• c) Not recommended for outside use.

3-10.13. Identify the advantages, characteristics and precautions for use of the following types of foam: (4-13.5)

•3-10.13.7. Class A foams: (know how it works)

•I. Advantages:• a) May be used with regular water

stream equipment.• b) Low proportion rate.• c) Residual solution may mix with water

and soaks into materials.• d) Can be premixed.

3-10.14 Identify the precautions that must be taken when using high expansion foam to attack structural fires. (4-13.6)•KNOW: Coordinate with ventilation:

Prevent pushing heat & gases to other areas.

•Heat reaction•wind

•3-10.15. Demonstrate the operation of fog nozzles: (4-12.5)

•3-10.16. Demonstrate the operation of solid stream nozzles: (4-12.5)

• 3-10.17*. Extinguish or control the following live fires working as a member of a team using the appropriate protective equipment, fire fighting tools and extinguishing agents: (4-14.1)

• 3-10.17.1. An exterior combustible liquid fire at lease 100 square feet using a foam fire stream:

• 3-10.17.2. A fire in an elevated location within a structure:

• 3-10.17.3. A hidden fire within a structure:• 3-10.17.4. A fire involving energized electrical

components:• 3-10.17.5. A fire involving a flammable gas cylinder

(exterior):• 3-10.17.6. A fire in a below grade area or other

location requiring initial attack from above:

•3-10.18. Demonstrate the procedures for inspecting nozzles for damage: (4-12.3)