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FIRE is a rapid oxidization of materials with the evaluation ofheat and light or an exothermic chemical reaction resultingfrom the combination of fuel, heat and oxygen.

, oxidization

OrFIRE is the sufficient combination of heat oxygen and fuel

,

FIRE is as old as human civilization. Fire of controlled nature

has been part and parcel of day-to-day life.

As proverb goes FIRE IS A GOOD SERVANT BUT A BADMASTER

What is necessary for fire?

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FIRE does not happen by chance. it requires four differentelements, and all four must be present in order for a fire to takeplace.

fuel (any combustible materials)oxygen (16% of the air)heat (for instance, a match or spark)the chemical reaction that results from fuel, oxygen

and heat mixing in the right quantity, at the right time.

FIRE TRIANGLE

The fire triangle gives the essentials for combustion. Heat,oxygen & fuel when these three occur in the right proportionsimultaneously there is fire or explosion. if one is taken away,fire or explosion no longer exists.

STAGES OF FIRE

INCIPIENT STAGEInvisible products of combustion given off. No visible smoke,flame or heat

SMOULDRING STAGE

Combustion products now visible as smoke. Flame or heat still

not present.

FLAME STAGE.

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Actual fire now exists. Appreciable heat not present but followsalmost instantaneously.

HEAT STAGE

Uncontrolled heat and it is rapidly expanding in space.

RATES OF COMBUSTION

The rate of combustion varies from substance to substance andis described as slow, rapid and spontaneous.

SLOW COMBUSTION

Achemical reaction accompanied by slow evolution of heat butnot by light, is slow combustion. E.g. cotton waste burning in

an in ventilated place.

RAPID COMBUSTION

A chemical reaction accompanied by a rapid evolution of heatand in many causes by an appreciable amount of light is calledrapid combustion. E.g. petroleum products.

SPONTANEOUS COMBUSTIONIt is a combustion occurring as a result of heat by theabsorption of the atmospheric oxygen at ordinary temperature,without the application of external source of heat providedsupported of combustion is present. E.g. paint, scraps, coal,dust etc... Some times spontaneous combustion is alsooccurred due to chemical reaction.

Common causes of fire

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Where the nature of the gas is unknown a selfcontained breathing apparatus preferable of the closecircuit type should be worn before entering thegaseous atmosphere.

Approach should be made from the wind ward side,where possible.

All people to be evacuated, starting from the leewardside.

If the gas is leaking from the cylinder without burning,

action should first to be taken to stop the leak. Wherethe gas is soluble in water, such as ammonia or sulphurdioxide and the use of water will not cause seriousdamage.

If the gas is already burning it may be dangerous toextinguish and the gas should be allowed to flow andburn, as otherwise an explosive mixture may be

formed with air, which if ignited may cause fargreater damage.

CLASSIFCATION OF FIRE INTERNATIONAL STANDARD

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*DCP : - Dry Chemical Powder

*ABC : - Stored Pressure ABC Type Extinguisher

(mono ammonium phosphate)

*CO2 :- Carbon Dioxide Type

TYPES OF FIRST AID FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

Fire buckets (water/sand)Water co2 fire extinguishers

CLASSOFFIRE

DESCRIPTION EXTINGUISHINGMEDIA

SUITABLE FIREEXTINGUISHERS

CLASSA GENERALFIRE WATER WATER CO2

CLASS

B

OIL $

GASEOUSFIRE

FOAM , ABC $

DCP TYPEEXTINGUISHERS

MECHANICAL $

CHEMICALFOAM, STORED

PRESSURE ABC$ DCP TYPE

CLASSC

ELECTRICALFIRE

CO2 , ABC TYPE CO2

CLASSD

METAL FIRE ABC $ DCP TYPE ABC $ DCP TYPEEXTINGUISHERS

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Soda acid type fire extinguishersChemical foam type fire extinguishersMechanical foam type fire extinguishersDry chemical powder type fire extinguishers

Carbon dioxide type fire extinguishers

CLASSIFICATION OF FIRE HYDRANT SYSTEM

Light Hazard Residential, Educational, InstitutionalOrdinary Hazard Assembly, business, mercantile.High hazard Industrial, storage, hazardous