Fire Alarm System Basiscs.ppt

8/9/2019 Fire Alarm System Basiscs.ppt

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Importance of FireDetection System


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Fire safety plans and practices are designed to protect:

People

Information

Property

Time

Fire Safety


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Overview of Fire & Life

Safety• Code Background

• Fire Alarm Systems

• Fire Detection

• Fire Suppression

• Conducting a Basic Assessment


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Standards and Codes

• Component tests y nationallyrecogni!ed las

– "nderwriters Laoratories – Factory #utual

• Codes –

$F%A '( National Electrical Code – $%FA )( The National Fire Alarm Code

– Local codes and ordinances


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Fire Detection and

Signaling Systems

*+e early detection of a ,re and t+e

signaling of an appropriate alarmremain t+e most signi,cant factorsin preventing large losses from

occurring-


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Basic Fire

Let.s e/amine t+ecomponents t+at make a

asic Fire Alarm ControlSystem-


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#ain Controller

• *+e rains of t+esystem

• %rovides power tot+e system(monitors inputsand controlsoutputs t+roug+various circuits

• %erforms ot+erfunctions asre0uired y t+eappropriate code


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Secondary(DC(12Vx2)

)

Requires two Power Sources

1lements of a Control %anel

Primary (AC)


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Smoke Detector

Manual Pull Station

A ,re alarm

system can+ave a varietyof inputdevices-

Inputs



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Inputs

• Initiating Device2 A system componentt+at originates transmission of a c+ange ofstate condition( suc+ as a smoke detector(manual ,re alarm o/( supervisory switc+(etc---

• Initiating Device Circuit 3IDC42 A circuit to

w+ic+ automatic or manual initiatingdevices are connected w+ere t+e signalreceived does not identify t+e individualdevice operated


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Horns

Strobes

Outputs


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Outputs

• $oti,cation Appliance2 A ,re alarmsystem component suc+ as a ell(+orn( speaker( lig+t( or te/t display

t+at provides audile( tactile( or visileoutput( or any comination t+ereof-

• $oti,cation Appliance Circuit2 A circuitor pat+ directly connected to anoti,cation appliance-


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*+e Basic System

Secondary

DC (12Vx2)

Outputs

InputsMain

Controller

Primary AC


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Basic Fire Alarm *ec+nology

• Signal Initiation5Initiating Devices

– $eed to understand stages of ,re andw+at tec+nology works est for eac+


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*+e Stages of a Fire

• Stage One

– Incipient2 %roducts of Comustionparticles are produced 36'-7 microns4-

$o visile smoke or detectale +eat-#ay occur for milliseconds or days-

• "se ioni!ation detectors


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• Stage *wo

– Smoldering2 8isile smoke particles areproduced 39'-7 microns4- Little visile

:ame or noticeale +eat-• "se %+otoelectric Detectors


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• Stage *+ree

– Flame2 ;apid comustion producesradiant energy in t+e visile( and

invisile 3I;( "84 spectrums-


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• Stage Four

–


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*ypes of Fire Alarm

Systems• Selection factors

– Level of life?safety +a!ard

– Structural features of t+e uilding – Level of +a!ard presented y t+e

contents of t+e uilding

–

Availaility of ,re suppression resources – State and local code re0uirements

(Continued)


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Conentional !ystem"#


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$ddressa%le !ystem


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Type of Ca%les used and why


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Importance of Proper &round


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Importance of proper input source

Documents

Fire Alarm System Basiscs.ppt