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Finland-IP-04-2007 1
Associate professor Georgi Todorov, PhD
Vise Dean of Pedagogy Faculty
Chief of Mathematics & Informatics Dpt.
E-mail:
Finland-IP-04-2007 2
“St.Cyril and St Methodius” Veliko Turnovo University
Finland-IP-04-2007 3
Academic Staff
The University of Veliko Turnovo employs 916 professors and assistant professors. 66% of whom are
full-time. 34 % are guest lecturers from other universities and academic institutions, including
lecturers from Albania, Austria China, Germany, Italy, Japan, Poland, Romania, Spain, The UK, the USA
and others.42% of the teachers are professors (professors and
associate professors).
In June 2004 Veliko Turnovo was certified with ISO 9001
Finland-IP-04-2007 4
Principal Units of VTU
• The Faculty of Philology;• The Faculty of History and Jurisprudence;• The Faculty of Business;• The Faculty of Fine Arts;• The Faculty of Education (Pedagogy);• The Faculty of Philosophy;• The Faculty of Bulgarian Orthodox Theology;• College of Pedagogy – Pleven;• College of Pedagogy – Vratsa.
Finland-IP-04-2007 5
M-business
. 1. THE GROWTH OF THE MOBILE COMMUNICATION INDUSTRY
2. GENERAL KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THE CELL COMMUNICATIONS
3. THE M-BUSINESS ESSENCE. TYPES OF SERVICES. EXAMPLES. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES.
4. M-BUSINESS SYSTEM 4.1. M-business organisation4.2. End-user equipment for M-business4.3. M-data security aspects
CONCLUSIONS
Finland-IP-04-2007 6
The major premises for the usage of the M-business are:
• 1. The widespread use and pervasion of Internet on a global scale, as well as at a national level;
• 2. The widespread usage of the mobile communications, their accessibility, in terms of the coverage of the corresponding regions, as well as services’ prices
Finland-IP-04-2007 7
The mobile operators expect that because of the better
potentiality of the networks and services in 2007, the mobile
data market will go beyond 150 milliard dollars.
Finland-IP-04-2007 8
Mobile operator. This is a company, which provides mobile communication services. It is in
possession of communication infrastructure, techniques and technologies for mobile
communications.
Finland-IP-04-2007 9
Some more facts, which prove the growth of the mobile industry and the development of the
M-business:
• every quarter the number of companies developing software for mobile devices increases by 1000;
• in 2005 the number of sold multifunctional mobile devices (PDA and smart phones) exceed the number of sold personal computers;
• up to 2010 over 1 000 000 000 users will use wireless Internet;
• up to 2010 there will be more than 1 800 000 000 users of the mobile communications.
Finland-IP-04-2007 10
Internet Penetration
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Year
Per
cent
age
USA
Japan
West Europe
Asia/ Pacif ic
Rest of World
Finland-IP-04-2007 11
Internet telephony market will explode from 130000 subscribers at the end of
2003 to 17,5 million subscribers in 2008.
Internet telephony in USA
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
2003. 2004. 2005. 2006. 2007. 2008.
Year
Millio
ns su
bscrib
ers
Finland-IP-04-2007 12
Mobile users, % by years.
Mobile User Penetration
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Year
Per
cent
age
USA
Japan
West Europe
Asia/ Pacif ic
Rest of World
Finland-IP-04-2007 13
What is the situation in Bulgaria?
Internet Penetration for Bulgaria
0,00
2,00
4,00
6,00
8,00
10,00
12,00
14,00
16,00
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Year
Perc
enta
ge
In absolute expression the Internet users, during 2005, will be about 1 200 000, that is 16% of the country population.
Finland-IP-04-2007 14
Causes for M-business Adoption• The increasing mobility of today's workforce; • The convergence of telecommunications and software
industries; • The increasing need for information and transactions
anytime and anywhere; • The new breed of wireless handsets coming on the
market; • The revenue opportunities created via location-based
services and M-Commerce; • The productivity improvements to be gained via wireless
extensions to enterprise applications and processes; • The improvements in bandwidth brought about by the
migration from 2G to 2.5G and 3G networks; • The adoption of wireless standards such as Wireless
Application Protocol (WAP), Bluetooth, and others.
Finland-IP-04-2007 15
Bandwidth (of a transmission channel). Usually the range of frequencies passed by channel. This will often consist of
a single passband, but may instead consist of several distinct (nonoverlapping) passbands. Each passband
contributes to the bandwidth of the channel a quantity equal to the difference between its upper and lower frequency
limits. The sum of all such differences gives the total bandwidth.
Bluetooth. Technology for wireless connection between different mobile devices and computer periphery
(printers, mousse, web cameras, digital cameras and others).
Finland-IP-04-2007 16
Barriers to M-business Adoption
• Business barriers;
• Technology barriers.
Finland-IP-04-2007 17
Business BarriersOn a macro scale such as the creation of an entirely new business, the
following standard questions may apply: • Can a business make money by using this model? • What is the nature of the product or service being
offered? • Who are the customers and how will they benefit from
this product or service? • What is the point of pain that is being removed? • What is the size of the market and the differentiation
from the competition? • What is the pricing strategy and how will the service be
delivered? • What channels will be used to promote the product or
service? • What should the branding strategy be? • Are end users ready for this service?
Finland-IP-04-2007 18
On a smaller scale, such as a new business initiative within an
enterprise, the following questions may apply: • Will end-users accept the technology and process
change? • Will it provide enhanced customer service or improved
employee productivity? • How will this be measured? • How will end users transition from prior processes into
this new process? • What is the return on investment? • What is the learning curve for end-users? • What training is required? • What support services are required? • What service level agreements need to be in place? • How critical is this new application to the business?
Finland-IP-04-2007 19
Rank Feature Percentage
1 Security 77%
2 Lack of Reliable Standards 69%
3Lack of Web or Enterprise Integration Products
61%
4 Inadequate Bandwidth 54%
5 High Costs of Technology 49%
6 Quality of Technology 44%
Technology Barriers
Finland-IP-04-2007 20
General knowledge about the cell communications
.
1. Organization of the cell communications.
2. Generations, standards and technologies.
Finland-IP-04-2007 21
Organization of the cell communications .
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Finland-IP-04-2007 22
Organization of the cell communications
Finland-IP-04-2007 23
.
ISDN – Integrated Services Digital Network for high-speed digital communication and transferring data, voice and video through telephone lines.
Finland-IP-04-2007 24
Generations, standards and technologies.
Finland-IP-04-2007 25
Network generation for mobile communications
• .
1GFirst Generation
Analog systems designed for voice transfer.
Includes AMPS, NMT, TACS.
2GSecond Generation
Digital systems designed for voice/data/fax transfer and other value-added services such as simple Web or e-mail access.
Includes GSM, TDMA,CDMA and PDC.
2.5GIntermediate step between second and third generation – 64-144 Kb/sec
Digital systems designed for voice/data/fax plus Web browsing and e-mail messaging.
3GThird Generation 144Kb/sec – 2 Mb/sec
High-bandwidth digital systems designed for multimedia and in process of being standardized under 3GPP.
Includes WCDMA-DS, MC-CDMA, ULTRA TDD.
Multimedia applications. Application software for processing and using different kinds of media – text, images, sound, video.
Finland-IP-04-2007 26
Technologies
• GSM; • General Packet Radio System (GPRS);• Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
(UMTS);• Wi-Fi ;• Combined technology (Wi-Fi and cellular).
Finland-IP-04-2007 27
GSM - Group Special Mobile
This technology was establishing in years1982-84-90. It was completed andpresented to the public in 1991. Yearslater they introduced also the 1800 and 1900MHz bands. This technology is now still being used indifferent kind of ways. The most popularways are phoning and sending SMS's.
Finland-IP-04-2007 28
Basic architecture of the GSM network
is shown on the next two slides• .
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Finland-IP-04-2007 29
Finland-IP-04-2007 30
WAP – Wireless Application Protocol
An example of a protocol that uses the GSM network is WAP. It is invented for mobile Internet.
The WAP standard defines a set of technical specifications for delivering Internet communications and advanced telephony services on digital mobile phones, pagers, personal digital assistants, and other wireless terminals.
Finland-IP-04-2007 31
General Packet Radio System (GPRS)
Between 1999 and 2001 GPRS was developed and tested. After 2001 GPRS was introduced to the public. It was still in development and during the year 2002 it
became ready.
Finland-IP-04-2007 32
USER END
BTS
WWWWWW
SGSN
BSC
GGSN
Router
CMS
BACK END NETWORK
MS
CMS – Content Management System; WWW – Web (Internet); BSC – Base Station Controller; BTS – Base Transceiver Station; GGSN – Gateway GPRS Support Node; SGSN – Serving GPRS Support Node; MS – Mobile station.
General Packet Radio System
Finland-IP-04-2007 33
• This technology was launched for the first time in the United Kingdom in 2003, and was called THREE. In 2004, after a year of more research and development, the UMTS was launched all over the world. It is called the third generation phones (3G).
• UMTS is a different technology and has his own network unlike GPRS. Still we can say that UMTS is a mixture of its predecessors.
Universal Mobile Telecommunications
System (UMTS)
Finland-IP-04-2007 34
Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS)
• .
USER END
UMTS NODE
WWWWWW
SGSN
RNC
GGSNRouter
CMS
BACK END NETWORK
MS
CMS – Content Management System; WWW - Web (Internet); RNC – Radio Network Controller; 3G IWU – Third Generation Inter Working Unit; GGSN – Gateway GPRS Support Node; SGSN – Serving GPRS Support Node; MS – Mobile station.
3G IWU
Finland-IP-04-2007 35
Wi-Fi. Wi-Fi stands for "Wireless Fidelity"
• The Wi-Fi technology allows completing mobile communications using radio waves.
• Wi-Fi works with telephony by providing a wireless channel to the Internet. Wi-Fi converts voice and other data into radio signals that can be transmitted wirelessly. Internet-connected receivers then convert the radio signals into conventional data traffic that can be transmitted via the Internet or another network.
Finland-IP-04-2007 36
The sales of business-class Wi-Fi-based Internet phones increase about 120 percent
from 2003 to 2004.
There is a prediction that the Wi-Fi Internet telephony market will grow from $16.5
millions in 2002 to $500 millions by 2007.
Finland-IP-04-2007 37
Wi-Max
Finland-IP-04-2007 38
The M-business main point
The integration of the Internet technologies, the mobile communications and “online” business brought into the world a new child – the mobile business.
Finland-IP-04-2007 39
In Finland for example, the mobile trade is a part of the people daily round. For the Finn is a quite ordinary job to
pay for the wash of his car, to buy beer from the automat or compact-disk, just pushing a few buttons of his mobile
phone.
In Norway the subscribers can see where the desired film is shown and can pay a ticket for it only using their phones.
The Scandinavians that are familiar with the bitter cold weather can pay by their mobile phone not only their bus tickets but with its help they can understand when the bus is expected to arrive at the station. When the temperature
is under minus 20 degrees such service is more than useful.
Finland-IP-04-2007 40
Definitions:1. The M-business nature, in the most common way, can be defined as doing different business activities, using modern tools and methods of the information and communication technologies, especially mobile communication technologies and Internet.
2. Or M-business is the possibility to live and to work, having as a helper only mobile phone. Using WAP technology you can do shopping, arrange and conduct your business and leisure.
3. M-business includes the ability to perform business activities everywhere at every time without permanent physic connection to cable networks.
Finland-IP-04-2007 41
The place of M-business in the context of
conventional and E-business .
Conventional business & commerce
E-business & commerce
M-business
M-commerce
Finland-IP-04-2007 42
The most significance differences between E-business и M-business
.
E-business
E-commerce
M-business
M-commerce
Wired World
Internet
Partners Employees
Costumers
Wireless World
Internet
Partners Employees
Costumers
Buy and sell products and services over the Web
Technologies & Standatds
Finland-IP-04-2007 43
Evolution of E-business
.
To:From:
EvolutionPC-centric models(tethered)
Person-centric models(mobile)
Finland-IP-04-2007 44
The mobile business possesses three specific characteristics: MNM – Mobility, Networking,
and Monopoly.
.
Finland-IP-04-2007 45
The mobility gives birth to unique benefits, connected with such aspects as:
- Freedom of movement – you can use the services when you are on the road;
- Ubiquity – it is not important where you are;
- Accessibility – it can be confined to a given circle of people and/or given questions;
- Localization – usage or accomplishment of services dependent on their concrete location.
- Convenience – the mobile devices are always near at hand.
Finland-IP-04-2007 46
Networking is based on the fact that the networks are composed of components that are connected
between each other and in practice each accomplished transaction between two of them
has side effect over the other.
The benefit of the share in a given network depends on the size and usually is double: direct,
because the number of the potentially realizable connections increases, and indirect because with the increasing of the clients, the services become
cheaper and highly varied.
Finland-IP-04-2007 47
Monopoly is connected with the availability of important credits that in practice are under the exceptional control of a given firm. The reasons for that are different: the absolute rarity of a given commodity or service, existence of a production secret, necessity of very high starting vested interests.
Finland-IP-04-2007 48
Basic services
Finland-IP-04-2007 49
Horizontal applications:
- Sales Force Automation (SFA);
- Client Relation Management (CRM);
- Management of the accountancy and planning of the resources;
- Accounting, logistics, accepting of orders;
- Managing of warehouses;
- Remote supply processing;
- Inventory;
- Access to the market and control of the trade activity, etc.
Finland-IP-04-2007 50
Vertical applications:
Financial services in the pharmacy and medicine, the insurance business, the transport, journey and hotel services, telecommunications, government and military systems, manufacture and education(M-learning or U-learning);
Real estate commerce; wood industry;
Entrepreneurship and constructional supervision, forestry and wood economy.
Finland-IP-04-2007 51
According the areas of applying public M-services can be classified in following way:
•M-entertainment - logos, ring tones, mobile games;•M-info - yellow pages, stock exchange, accounting information;•M-access to company info resources•M-office - mobile e-mail, reminders, group messaging;•M-sales force solutions;•M-payments - payments for parking, vending, tickets; •M-banking - all major banks offer SMS or WAP banking services;•M-logistics and fleet management solutions•M-self-services - info channel subscription, service configuration, etc.•M-security - mobile car tracking, house security, etc.
Finland-IP-04-2007 52
One of the perspective domains for M-business applying is Vehicular Mobile Commerce
Finland-IP-04-2007 53
The main types of services in this field are following:
• Entertainment content: beyond reading e-mail and surfing the Web. For example, passengers could access on-demand news, movies, sporting events, and other type of digital entertainment on built-in TV screens. In addition, vehicles could form ad hoc networks to let occupants communicate with one another or play games;
• Mobile business services would let drivers download company data, purchase products, participate in mobile auctions, and conduct other transactions, helping to reduce the economic losses and frustration associated with long commutes and roadway congestion;
• Location-based services could provide occupants with customized content upon request, such as up-to-date traffic reports and seating availability at nearby restaurants. Each geographical region could have its own database that maintains location information of all fixed entities, and the system could perform location tracking of mobile and portable entities on demand.
Finland-IP-04-2007 54
•Traffic data - information about driving habits, roadway congestion, and pollution levels. Engineers could use this information to better manage highways and to design more intelligent transportation systems;
Vehicular diagnostics. Higher-end vehicles with sophisticated computing and communications abilities could act as diagnostic tools by wirelessly exchanging information with both moving and stationary vehicles. This could facilitate preventive maintenance and minimize roadway break downs. Vehicles could also transmit safety messages to one another, such as a warning about an accident or highway debris. (or a warning about a policeman on the road?!)
Finland-IP-04-2007 55
Some examples of realized systems for M-
business • Japanese company NTT DoCoMo has implemented a
new M-commerce technology that could turn a cell phone into a virtual wallet that lets users pay for goods and services with a wave of an enabled handset;
• One of the first companies, which decided to apply full M-business infrastructure, was France Telecom. In 2000 the company offers new experimental service, which was called “the first e-commercial service for mobile phones” ;
• Nokia, Motorola, and Ericsson (more than 50% of the mobile phones market is under their control) negotiate for establishing transcorporation consortium for M-commerce. Its goal is to develop uniform standard:
Finland-IP-04-2007 56
Some examples of realized systems for M-business
• Digital PocketNet Service offered by AT&T Wireless
Finland-IP-04-2007 57
Software application “Mobile retailer” (Bulgaria, Data + company)
• Home delivery commerce;
• Collecting orders for delivering in cargo;
• Remote supply processing;
• Making an inventory;
• Selling in shops.
Finland-IP-04-2007 58
The following services, in respect to the different groups of costumers, are
offered.
At the place of client:• Sales processing;• Producing goods invoices, delivery notes, fiscal
bones;• Servicing clients’ goods credits;• Collecting orders for a next delivery;• Producing necessary documents for clients
(consignation documents, invoices for selling, credit orders, expenditure orders, remembering notes, etc.).
Finland-IP-04-2007 59
For the trading agent:
•Access to prices and availability of the offered goods;•Supporting a catalog of partners;•Automatic order generation to the central store for a next loading;•Information about availability of goods, presence in cash desk, clients obligations;•Producing credit and expenditure orders, documents for selling, supplying and transferring.
Finland-IP-04-2007 60
For the owner:
• Supervising the personnel, which is involved in home delivery commerce (revisions, reporting the old obligations, observing the price company rules, observing the agents’ routes);
• Decreasing the necessity of:– Extra personnel of proceeding of documents that are
produced from the trade agents;– Extra PC places for proceeding these documents.
• Make easy:– Registration of the goods in the stores by remote
processing of the received goods;– Revisions accomplishment through mobile devices.
Finland-IP-04-2007 61
For the office:
• Uniting data from mobile devices with data from desktop PCs;
• Offering different kinds of market information, and information about the efficiency of the trade agents (turnover for certain period of time or turnover in respect to the clients).
Finland-IP-04-2007 62
Advantages of M-business
• Anywhere and at any time access;
• Absence of many restrictions of E-commerce;
• Location;
• Personalisation;
• Flexibility.
Finland-IP-04-2007 63
Disadvantages of M-business
• Network carrying capacity and the kind of mobile devices themselves. The situation will be visibly improved after the implementation of the GPRS (General Packed Radio Service) and UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunication System) technologies;
• The size of the screen;• The full screen color display is more than necessary;• Battery supply. The battery life is not long. It needs
periodical charging and this is dependent on availability of current net for turning on battery adapter
Finland-IP-04-2007 64
Difficulties of M-Business • Motivation of the authority. It must see the necessity and advantages of these
investments, without waiting for immediately results and outcomes;• Organisation resistance. The internal resistance of the employees of the company
may destroy even the best designed project. A good policy is the people to be convinced;
• Training employees and workers. The company team has to be trained. As the result they will gain the skills to deal with the new equipment before its widely using exploitation;
• Mistrustfulness and doubt about the new equipment and technique from the side of the costumers;
• Badly knowing external users of M-business services. In this point we have to find the correct answers of the following questions.- What are the costumer’s needs?- What are the costumer’s motivations, and interests?- What kind of solutions we have to offer to the costumers?- Haw the costumers can be involved in the process of creating new M-products or M-services?- Haw to arrange matter so that the external costumers to consider the M-business services provider not only as their partner but also as their fair consultant? - What kind of behavior should have the costumers when applying one or another M-business approach? And so on.
Finland-IP-04-2007 65
Organisation of M-business.
.
The main players in M-business
Wireless carriers
Portals and content aggregators, application providers
Financial service institutions
Merchants
Enterprises
Government:- regulation;- standardisation.
Device makers
Finland-IP-04-2007 66
How M-business is working? (Simple case)
.
S T A R T
Internet access trough mobile phone
Ordering goods by mobile phone
The seller sends message about price. It is displayed on the mobile phone screen
User put his smart card in the phone
Authentication (loading password)
Ending transaction
Receiving goods
E N D
Finland-IP-04-2007 67
Communication scheme for M-business and M-commerce
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Mobile devices
Basic station
WAP
Internet
Finland-IP-04-2007 68
More general and complete diagram of network and technical
support of М-business using Application Server Provider (ASP) .
Internet
Application Server Provider GSM
GPRS
UMTS
Notebook
E-mail Telephone
Wi-Fi
Cargo
Tracked unitsRadionetworksBrowsers Alerts
Vehicles
International
transport
Ships
Location enabled cell phones
People
Finland-IP-04-2007 69
M-business itself may be organized on the base ofthree most popular models
1. Arranging activities in the borders of the company. Employees’ relation management in the company is realized. This is so called B2E (Business to Employee) model.
2. Client relation and work management. This is B2C (Business to Costumers) model.
3. Relations and activity management between companies. This is B2B (Business to Business or Partners and Suppliers) model.
Finland-IP-04-2007 70
.
Тук да се дадат евентуално таблиците
Finland-IP-04-2007 71
End-user equipment for M-business.
1. Technical devices
2. Software for mobile devices
Finland-IP-04-2007 72
NoteBook computers
Finland-IP-04-2007 73
Personal Digital Assistant (PDA)
Finland-IP-04-2007 74
Smart Phones
Finland-IP-04-2007 75
M-terminals
Finland-IP-04-2007 76
Mobile printers
Size of tobacco box
Finland-IP-04-2007 77
Software for mobile devices
1. Program languages:
C, C++, Java.
2.Operating system:
Windows Mobile 2003 Second Edition.
3. Applications:
Pocket Word, Pocket Excel, Pocket Internet Explorer, Windows Media Player 9, Flash Lite, Terminal Services Client.
Finland-IP-04-2007 78
The comparison between typical parameters of the
basic mobile devices used for M-business Parameters
NoteBook Tablet PC PDA Cellular phone
Smart Phone
Price 2000 € 1500€ 750 € 300 € 700 €
Weight 3kg 1,5kg 0,150kg 0,100kg 0,200 kg
Screen resolution
Over 1024x768 pixels
Over 1024x768 pixels
240x320 pixels
120x160 pixels
200x300 pixels
Memory 256MB 256MB 64MB 300 memories
8MB
Power capacity of battery
3h 4h 8h 10h 10h
Communication technology
IrDA, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth
IrDA, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth
IrDA,Wi-Fi,Bluetooth
WAP, GPRS, Bluetooth
GPRS, IrDA, Bluetooth
Finland-IP-04-2007 79
M-data security aspects
Finland-IP-04-2007 80
M-security approaches
- hardware security;
- the software protection.
Finland-IP-04-2007 81
Hardware security
Biometrical protection. These techniques become more and more popular. They usually
use some kind of finger print sensor.
Data locking. One of the most popular hardware techniques is so called Kensington
Lock. Almost all contemporary laptops are equipped with this lock.
Antishock protection. It is a standard option in most of the new mobile devices, equipped
with hard or compact disks.
Finland-IP-04-2007 82
The software protection
Digital signatures. Digital signature is unique file, which is crypted. It is used to prove personal identity of certain gamer in the field of M-
business.
Firewalls. Firewalls are wide spread in the Internet technologies. They can be also applied in the M-business for ensuring data protection
in wireless communications. Public Key Infrastructure (PKI). In a PKI environment, each user has a public/ private key pair. The public key is announce publicly, much in the same way as a phone
number is published in a phone book, and the private key is kept on the mobile device and is only known by the owner. The private key is used to sign transactions, and anyone can
access a sender's public key to verify the sender's private key. This is very important when a server needs to know exactly whom they are ”talking” to.
Finland-IP-04-2007 83
Five pillars of security 1. Authentication: a customer authenticates the
bank by identifying the building and signage and the bank authenticates the customer by asking for identification or a pass code.
2. Privacy: customer stands at the cashier's counter away from other customers.
3. Authorisation: customer card or profile indicates what transactions the customer can demand how he can do them.
4. Integrity: business is transacted in cash and is tendered and counted by both parties.
5. Proof of contract: bankbook is updated and a receipt is signed.
Finland-IP-04-2007 84
Authentication – the prove something to be valid or genuine or true (in general). A process by which a subject, normally an user, establishes
his identity to a system. This may be affected by the use of a password or possession of a physical device.
Integrity – Resistance to alteration by system errors. Entireness, wholeness, completeness end fault stability.
Authorization – the permission or power given to user to access some kinds of data, information, to explore them in wireless communications
and networks.
Data cripting. Data coding in different ways that ensure information security .
Finland-IP-04-2007 85
.
Business Application Engine
Presentation Engine
WAP Gateway
Corporate Firewall
WWW
Mobile devices- smart phones;- PDA;- pocket PC’s;- note books;- others.
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Conclusions
In respect of Consumer Market.- The applications for wireless Internet consumers varies by country, by culture, and by individual user.
- Drivers for market adoption include industry convergence, improvements in wireless technology and standards, and cultural and regulatory forces.
- Barriers to market adoption include business barriers related to business model and revenues, together with technology barriers related to security, product maturity, standards, usability, bandwidth, and cost.
- Since M-Commerce is still in its infancy, it remains to be seen who the eventual winners will be. The contenders in the battle for the consumer include the wireless carriers, financial services providers, content providers, and retailers.
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In respect of Enterprise Market
-It is likely that the eventual winners will be enterprises that leverage the technology within their enterprise to create substantial returns on investment.
- Carriers moving into the wireless application service provider space will need to form relationships with software companies and systems integrators and smooth internal partnerships in order to become a hit with the enterprise. - Business executives should ensure a strong relationship with their IT departments in order to be most successful in their M-Business initiatives.
- The M-Business value chain is complex and involves more players than the traditional E-Business value chain.
- M-Business can be applied within the enterprise for employees, customers, suppliers, and business partners. Employees are one of the prime targets for M-Business applications.
- Enterprise benefits from M-Business include increased productivity, reduced cycle times, reduced costs, increased revenues, increased customer
satisfaction and loyalty, competitive advantage, and improved decision-making ability.
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