- 2015 estimate 5,477,359 [3] (114th) - 2000 census 5,180,000 - Density 18/km 2 (201st) 46/sq mi GDP (PPP) 2015 estimate - Total $224.846 billion [4] - Per capita $40,838 [4] GDP (nominal) 2015 estimate - Total $235.276 billion [4] - Per capita $42,732 [4] Gini (2012) 25.9 [5] low HDI (2013) 0.879 [6] very high · 24th Currency Euro (€) (EUR) Time zone EET (UTC+2) - Summer (DST) EEST (UTC+3) Date format d.m.yyyy Drives on the right Calling code +358 Patron saint St Henry of Uppsala ISO 3166 code FI Internet TLD .fi a The .eu domain is also used, as it is shared with other European Union member states. 4.3 Parliament 4.4 Cabinet 4.5 Law 4.6 Foreign relations 4.7 Social security 4.8 Armed forces 5 Economy 5.1 Energy 5.2 Transport 5.3 Industry 5.4 Public policy 5.5 Tourism 6 Demographics 6.1 Languages 6.2 Religion 6.3 Health 6.4 Society 7 Culture 7.1 Education and science 7.2 Literature 7.3 Visual arts 7.4 Television 7.5 Music 7.6 Cinema 7.7 Media and communications 7.8 Cuisine 7.9 Public holidays 7.10 Sports 8 International rankings 9 See also 10 Notes 11 References 12 Further reading 13 External links Etymology and concept of Finland Etymology The name Finland appears on three rune-stones. Two were found in the Swedish province of Uppland and have the inscription finlonti (U 582). The third was found in Gotland, in the Baltic Sea. It has the inscription finlandi (G 319) and dates from the 13th century. [21] The name can be assumed to be related to the tribe name Finns, which is mentioned first known time AD 98 (disputed meaning). Suomi The name Suomi (Finnish for "Finland") has uncertain origins, but a candidate for a source is the Proto-Baltic word *źemē, meaning "land". In addition to the close relatives of Finnish (the Finnic languages), this name is also used in the Baltic languages Latvian and Lithuanian. Alternatively, the Indo-European word *gʰm-on "man" (cf. Gothic guma, Latin homo) has been suggested, being borrowed as *ćoma. The word originally referred only to the province of Finland Proper, and later to the northern coast of Gulf of Finland, with northern regions such as Ostrobothnia still being sometimes excluded until later. Earlier theories suggested derivation from suomaa (fen land) or suoniemi (fen cape), and parallels between saame (Sami, a Finno-Ugric people in Lapland), and Häme (a province in the inland) were drawn, but these theories are now considered outdated. [22] Concept In the 12th and 13th centuries, the term "Finland" mostly referred to the area around Åbo (Turku), a region that later became known as Finland Proper, while the other parts of the country were called Tavastia and Karelia, but which could also sometimes be collectively referred to as "Österland" (compare Norrland). (Medieval politics concerned tribes such as the Finns, the Tavastians and the Karelians more than geographical boundaries.) In the 15th century, "Finland" became a common name for the whole land area to the east of the Bothnian Sea, possibly even including Åland, when the archipelago was seen as belonging to Åbo (Turku). What the term actually refers to can vary between sources, also the boundaries to the east and the north were not exact. A sort of establishment for Finland as a unity, if only in name, came when John III of Sweden called his duchy as the "grand duchy of Finland" (about 1580), as a strategy to meet the claims of the Russian tsar. The term became part of the title of the King of Sweden but had little practical meaning. The Finnish land area had the same standing as the area to the west of the Bothnian Sea and the Finnish part of the realm had the same representation in the parliament as the western part had. In 1637, Queen Christina named Per Brahe the Younger as a. Finland - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Finland 2 of 26 6/17/2015 2:03 PM

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- 2015 estimate 5,477,359[3] (114th) - 2000 census 5,180,000 - Density 18/km2 (201st)

46/sq mi

GDP (PPP) 2015 estimate - Total $224.846 billion[4] - Per capita $40,838[4]

GDP (nominal) 2015 estimate - Total $235.276 billion[4] - Per capita $42,732[4]

Gini (2012) 25.9[5]

low

HDI (2013) 0.879[6]

very high 24th

Currency Euro () (EUR)Time zone EET (UTC+2) - Summer (DST) EEST (UTC+3)Date format d.m.yyyy

Drives on the right

Calling code +358

Patron saint St Henry of Uppsala

ISO 3166 code FI

Internet TLD.fia

The .eu domain is also used, as it is shared with otherEuropean Union member states.

4.3 Parliament4.4 Cabinet4.5 Law4.6 Foreign relations4.7 Social security4.8 Armed forces

5 Economy5.1 Energy5.2 Transport5.3 Industry5.4 Public policy5.5 Tourism

6 Demographics6.1 Languages6.2 Religion6.3 Health6.4 Society

7 Culture7.1 Education and science7.2 Literature7.3 Visual arts7.4 Television7.5 Music7.6 Cinema7.7 Media and communications7.8 Cuisine7.9 Public holidays7.10 Sports

8 International rankings9 See also10 Notes11 References12 Further reading13 External links

Etymology and concept of Finland

Etymology

The name Finland appears on three rune-stones. Two were found in the Swedish province of Uppland and have the inscription finlonti (U 582).The third was found in Gotland, in the Baltic Sea. It has the inscription finlandi (G 319) and dates from the 13th century.[21] The name can beassumed to be related to the tribe name Finns, which is mentioned first known time AD 98 (disputed meaning).

Suomi

The name Suomi (Finnish for "Finland") has uncertain origins, but a candidate for a source is the Proto-Baltic word *em, meaning "land". Inaddition to the close relatives of Finnish (the Finnic languages), this name is also used in the Baltic languages Latvian and Lithuanian.Alternatively, the Indo-European word *gm-on "man" (cf. Gothic guma, Latin homo) has been suggested, being borrowed as *oma. The wordoriginally referred only to the province of Finland Proper, and later to the northern coast of Gulf of Finland, with northern regions such asOstrobothnia still being sometimes excluded until later. Earlier theories suggested derivation from suomaa (fen land) or suoniemi (fen cape), andparallels between saame (Sami, a Finno-Ugric people in Lapland), and Hme (a province in the inland) were drawn, but these theories are nowconsidered outdated.[22]

Concept

In the 12th and 13th centuries, the term "Finland" mostly referred to the area around bo (Turku), a region that later became known as FinlandProper, while the other parts of the country were called Tavastia and Karelia, but which could also sometimes be collectively referred to as"sterland" (compare Norrland). (Medieval politics concerned tribes such as the Finns, the Tavastians and the Karelians more than geographicalboundaries.)

In the 15th century, "Finland" became a common name for the whole land area to the east of the Bothnian Sea, possibly even including land,when the archipelago was seen as belonging to bo (Turku). What the term actually refers to can vary between sources, also the boundaries to theeast and the north were not exact. A sort of establishment for Finland as a unity, if only in name, came when John III of Sweden called his duchyas the "grand duchy of Finland" (about 1580), as a strategy to meet the claims of the Russian tsar. The term became part of the title of the King ofSweden but had little practical meaning. The Finnish land area had the same standing as the area to the west of the Bothnian Sea and the Finnishpart of the realm had the same representation in the parliament as the western part had. In 1637, Queen Christina named Per Brahe the Younger as

a.

Finland - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia https://en.wikipedia.org/?title=Finland

2 of 26 6/17/2015 2:03 PM