WID Country Profile: FINLAND - UNCTADunctad.org/sections/dite_fdistat/docs/wid_cp_fi_en.pdf · 2012-02-14 · BoF survey covers a universe of about 100 consolidated TNCs in Finland

Finland A. Definitions and sources of data

The Bank of Finland (BoF) compiles data on foreign direct investment (FDI) in the framework of its balance of payments statistics. The data compilation is largely based on international guidelines such as the 5th edition of the IMF Balance of Payments Manual and the OECD's Benchmark Definition of Foreign Direct Investment. Thus, FDI refers to a foreign investment made in an enterprise in Finland or a Finnish investment made in an enterprise abroad for the purpose of acquiring a lasting interest in the enterprise and an effective voice in its management, under the condition that the investment raises the investor's (direct and indirect) shareholding or voting power in the enterprise to at least 10 per cent of the total. A direct investment enterprise can be a subsidiary, associate or branch of the direct investor. Also included under this definition are so-called special purpose entities and the acquisition of a dwelling or real estate.

FDI flows are based on market values while FDI stock data are based on book values. The components of direct investment capital are equity capital, reinvested earnings and intra-company loans (incl. reverse loans granted by a direct investment enterprise to a direct investor). FDI in the form of equity capital includes investments in share capital, group contributions and other transfers of equity capital. Reinvested earnings are recorded in the year earned. As from 1998, reinvested earnings of direct investment enterprises are calculated according to the current operating performance concept, i. e. excluding capital gains and losses. Stock data include reinvested earnings since 1981. Direct investment loans comprise promissory note loans, leasing credits, subordinated loans equivalent to equity and those deposits in intra-company accounts that the direct investor/direct investment enterprise in its own accounting classifies as intra-company assets and liabilities. If both the direct investor and the direct investment enterprise are deposit banks or securities broking firms, direct investment loans between them comprise only permanent loans, which are not normally repaid as long as the dependant relationship exists. Intra-company trade credits are not included in direct investment capital but are added to direct investment capital as from 1999. The directional principle is applied.

Annual data on direct investment flows, income and stocks by economic activity and by country are published with a delay of about ten months. Aggregate data on FDI flow and stock are published in the monthly as well as in the quarterly issue of the BoF's Statistical Bulletin of Finland’s Balance of Payments, including information on reinvested earnings based on the BoF's estimates.

Flow and stock of FDI broken down by economic activity have been reported since 1992 and 1991, respectively. The classification has followed the NACE rev.1 (two-digit level) since 1994. Data on inward (outward) FDI have been classified according to the economic activity of the direct investment enterprise located in Finland (Finnish direct investor). Data on the flow and stock of FDI by region have been available since 1989 and 1991, respectively. From 1992, inward (outward) FDI flows by region have been reported according to the immediate investor (immediate host country). Prior to this, the UBO principle was applied.

Data sources employed in compiling direct investment statistics are the following: the monthly survey on foreign assets and liabilities, publicly available information on individual international mergers and acquisitions not covered by the monthly survey and the annual direct investment survey for direct investment abroad and direct investment in Finland. Data requests based on publicly available information on mergers and acquisitions have replaced the collection of settlement data which ceased as from the beginning of 1999.

Posting date: 19 September 2005

Data on the operations of foreign affiliates are collected by the BoF (outward) and Statistics Finland (inward):

The BoF compiles statistics on the operations of foreign affiliates of home-based TNCs through the annual survey of outward FDI. The survey was conducted, in its revised form, for the first time in 1997 - therefore data comparability with data published prior to 1997 is limited. The BoF survey covers a universe of about 100 consolidated TNCs in Finland and includes only those with a balance sheet total exceeding FIM 50 million. It therefore captures about 95 per cent of the total outward stock. The results of the survey are published annually in the BoF's Statistical Bulletin. The data reported by BoF refer only to majority-owned foreign affiliates. Both directly and indirectly owned affiliates are covered, including data on the foreign affiliates of foreign-owned direct investors. The variables covered in the survey are turnover and number of employees of foreign affiliates of home-based TNCs. Data are classified by economic activity of the foreign affiliate according to NACE Rev.1. The geographical classification follows the country where the foreign affiliate is located. Turnover of a financial company is defined as follows: interest income + leasing profit + dividend income + fee income + income from securities and foreign exchange trade + other income. Turnover of an insurance company is calculated as insurance premiums before loan losses and reinsurers’ premiums + investment income + other income + revaluation items entered as income in connection with sale.

Statistics Finland has the responsibility to compile data on the operations of foreign affiliates in that country. Data collection is based on three different sources: Structural Business Statistics, data on direct foreign ownership from the BoF as well as the Enterprise Group Register of Statistics Finland. Data are collected annually and can be broken down by economic activity of the foreign affiliate in Finland (classified according to NACE Rev.1. at 2-digit level covering Sections C, D, E, F, G, H, I and K), and by region according to the concept of UBO. Two different sets of data are available: on affiliates with at least 10 per cent foreign ownership, as well as affiliates that are owned by 50 percent or more by a foreign parent. The following variables are collected: number of enterprises, turnover, employment, value added at factor cost, wages and salaries, assets and profits. Data on exports and imports are available only for industrial sections C, D and F. Data from 1995 onwards are comparable with those for previous years only to a limited extent.

UNCTAD WID Country Profile: FINLAND Page 2 of 130

B. Statistics on FDI and the operations of TNCs

Table 1. Summary of FDI

Variable Inward Outward

1. FDI flows, 2001-2004 (annual average) 4 812 3 583

2. FDI flows as a percentage of GFCF, 2001-2004 (annual average) 17.2 10.9

3. FDI stocks, 2004 41 076 59 423

4. FDI stocks as a percentage of GDP, 2004 30.1 43.5

Sources : Based on tables 3a and 4; UNCTAD, FDI/TNC database.

Table 2. Summary of international production(Number and millions of Euros)

Variable Home-based TNCs

Affiliates of foreign TNCs in

Finland

Foreign affiliates of

home-based TNCs abroada

1. Number, 2001 .. 2 448 ..2. Assets, 2001 .. 82 429 ..3. Employment, 2002 .. 55 554 333 7334. Sales, 2002 .. 79 801 128 2885. Wages and salaries, 2001 .. 9 386 6. Value Added, 2001 .. 18 177 ..7. Profits, 2001 .. 4 108 ..8. Exports, 2001 .. 17 519 ..9. Imports, 1998 .. 1 733 ..10. Research and development expenditures, 2001 .. 148 ..11. Employment in research and development, 2001 .. 1 828 ..

Source: Based on tables 22a, 29a, 32, 34a, 39a, 42, 49a, 54a, 59a, 64, 69a and 74a.

a Data refer to majority-owned affiliates. b 1998.

(Millions of Euros)


Table 3a. FDI flows, by type of investment, 1975-2004

(Millions of Euros)

Inward investment Outward investmentReinvested Reinvested

Year Equity earnings Other Total Equity earnings Other Total

1975 .. .. .. 42 .. .. .. 161976 .. .. .. 38 .. .. .. 201977 .. .. .. 32 .. .. .. 491978 .. .. .. 24 .. .. .. 431979 .. .. .. 18 .. .. .. 821980 .. .. .. 17 .. .. .. 861981 .. .. .. 71 .. .. .. 941982 .. .. .. - 3 .. .. .. 691983 .. .. .. 79 .. .. .. 1341984 .. .. .. 139 .. .. .. 4981985 61 49 4 114 338 2 16 3551986 272 16 1 290 537 50 55 6421987 55 124 16 196 535 183 119 8371988 146 213 14 373 957 259 620 1 8361989 76 132 145 352 1 537 - 73 674 2 1391990 296 - 113 323 506 1 645 - 299 395 1 7411991 22 - 154 - 35 - 168 1 231 - 659 - 656 - 841992 331 - 128 103 306 1 246 - 967 - 846 - 5671993 621 22 188 832 2 001 - 1 079 432 1 3541994 717 272 396 1 386 1 851 - 45 1 969 3 7751995 389 437 - 46 781 876 83 141 1 1001996 638 356 - 138 857 1 060 180 1 538 2 7781997 933 604 309 1 846 2 978 930 708 4 6171998 9 650 1 103 162 10 915 17 550 - 2 686 1 895 16 7591999 1 203 1 085 2 039 4 327 3 493 1 611 1 105 6 2092000 4 980 1 502 3 107 9 588 17 417 1 308 7 357 26 0822001 3 713 601 - 144 4 170 6 245 - 2 747 5 856 9 3542002* 5 894 420 2 101 8 415 7 293 826 - 20 8 0992003* 999 2 055 - 134 2 921 - 6 794 13 4 486 - 2 2942004* 842 1 703 1 199 3 743 1 481 2 416 - 4 724 - 828

Source: Bank of Finland, unpublished data.

Note : * preliminary data.


Year

1975 39 .. 29 68 42 .. - 16 261976 40 .. 18 58 26 .. 5 311977 27 .. 21 48 115 .. - 43 721978 30 .. 4 34 59 .. 4 631979 49 .. - 21 28 113 .. 13 1251980 39 .. - 11 28 113 .. 23 1371981 35 81 - 17 100 141 - 17 6 1291982 - 1 10 - 9 1 168 - 155 65 781983 16 68 0 84 258 - 126 7 1391984 54 84 - 1 136 352 69 71 4921985 61 47 4 113 305 2 42 3481986 327 19 2 348 636 59 66 7601987 75 168 22 265 735 248 159 1 1411988 209 303 20 532 1 365 369 890 2 6241989 104 182 203 490 2 138 - 101 931 2 9681990 485 - 176 504 812 2 596 - 466 652 2 7821991 46 - 228 - 51 - 233 1 838 - 972 - 987 - 1201992 430 - 170 137 396 1 619 - 1 289 - 1 087 - 7571993 646 23 195 864 2 076 - 1 123 449 1 4011994 790 311 395 1 496 2 268 - 52 2 137 4 3541995 535 596 - 87 1 044 1 194 113 187 1 4941996 833 461 - 176 1 118 1 385 233 1 965 3 5831997 1 082 692 355 2 129 3 388 1 067 805 5 2601998 10 612 1 248 169 12 029 19 882 - 3 202 2 017 18 6981999 1 290 1 167 2 192 4 649 3 662 1 718 1 360 6 7392000 4 871 1 381 2 874 9 125 15 725 1 288 6 885 23 8982001 3 324 539 - 124 3 739 5 607 - 2 420 5 271 8 4582002 5 647 496 2 013 8 156 6 860 763 177 7 8012003 1 164 2 343 - 70 3 436 - 7 857 - 12 5 285 - 2 584

Source : International Monetary Fund, Balance of Payments CD ROM , March 2005.

Table 3b. FDI flows, by type of investment, 1975-2003

(Millions of dollars)

Inward investment Outward investment

Equity Reinvested earnings

Intra-company

loansTotal Equity Reinvested

earnings

Intra-company

loansTotal


Table 4. FDI stocks, by type of investment, 1975-2004

(Millions of Euros)

Inward investment Outward investmentReinvested Reinvested

Year Equity earnings Other Total Equity earnings Other Total

1975 .. .. .. 189 .. .. .. 2061976 .. .. .. 252 .. .. .. 2261977 .. .. .. 289 .. .. .. 2681978 .. .. .. 317 .. .. .. 3111979 .. .. .. 333 .. .. .. 3911980 .. .. .. 349 .. .. .. 4761981 .. .. .. 881 .. .. .. 4031982 .. .. .. 929 .. .. .. 5971983 .. .. .. 990 .. .. .. 7361984 .. .. .. 1 142 .. .. .. 1 4351985 1 150 .. 70 1 220 1 464 .. 203 1 6661986 1 285 .. 70 1 355 1 646 .. 242 1 8881987 1 654 .. 85 1 739 2 596 .. 345 2 9421988 2 034 .. 98 2 131 3 143 .. 859 4 0031989 2 500 .. 207 2 707 3 991 .. 1 428 5 4191990 2 619 .. 518 3 137 5 261 .. 1 601 6 8621991 2 347 .. 587 2 934 6 623 .. 915 7 5391992 2 506 .. 748 3 254 7 969 .. - 414 7 5551993 3 077 .. 1 026 4 102 8 884 .. 46 8 9291994 3 990 .. 1 366 5 356 8 288 .. 1 711 9 9991995 4 882 .. 1 323 6 205 9 041 .. 1 950 10 9911996 5 630 .. 1 241 6 871 10 513 .. 3 284 13 7981997 6 891 .. 1 797 8 688 14 171 .. 4 334 18 5051998 12 173 .. 1 930 14 103 19 365 .. 5 840 25 2051999 14 187 .. 4 050 18 236 24 611 .. 9 083 33 6952000 18 953 .. 7 132 26 085 39 168 .. 16 834 56 0012001 21 249 .. 6 064 27 312 36 728 .. 22 532 59 259*2002 24 262 .. 8 166 32 428 38 627 .. 22 328 60 955*2003 27 870 .. 8 730 36 599 35 017 .. 25 259 60 275*2004 30 387 .. 10 688 41 076 38 259 .. 21 165 59 423


Note : * = preliminary data


Table 5. FDI flows in the host economy, by industry, 1992-2002

(Millions of Euros)

Sector/industry 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002Total 306 832 1 386 781 857 1 846 10 915 4 327 9 588 4 172 8 415

Secondary 303 424 948 217 512 1 398 1 545 2 307 1 359 - 106 846Food, beverages and tobacco - - 20 74 - 9 - 59 312 820 329 - 450 1 138Textiles, clothing and leather - - 3 7 10 - 1 12 4 5 - -Wood and wood products - - 31 19 28 44 957 - 156 97 - -Coke, petroleum products and nuclear fuel - - 6 8 20 11 34 144 - 133 - 113 - 43Chemicals and chemical products 38 57 511 - 114 439 432 19 - 42 30 203 - 22Metal and metal products 207 188 20 - 3 20 245 - 27 249 257 338 - 416Machinery and equipment - - 99 58 - 51 284 1 16 271 322 347Electrical and electronic equipment - - - 30 156 136 131 230 753 96 - 498 - 133Other manufacturing 58 179 - - - - - - - - -

Tertiary 124 374 313 283 217 389 9 031 1 348 7 723 4 421 7 266Construction - - 8 3 34 24 - - - - -Trade 64 148 279 248 67 253 270 549 236 233 317Hotels and restaurants - - 1 5 15 - - - - - -Transport, storage and communications - - 4 - 20 57 - 6 - 19 181 - 143 199 4 286

Transport and storage - - - 3 - 15 39 - 23 - 18 26 - - - 22 Land transport - - - 22 55 - 17 - 4 - - - 5

Post and communications - - - - - - - 1 - - - -Finance 42 12 5 28 36 94 8 586 585 6 370 3 396 2 018

Financial intermediation - - 7 28 67 47 8 570 661 5 884 3 396 2 018Monetary intermediation - - - 15 7 13 - 29 8 458 606 5 884 3 347 996Other financial intermediation - - 22 21 54 76 112 55 - - -

Insurance and pension funding - - - 2 - - - 16 - - - -Unspecified finance 42 12 - - - 31 47 - - 76 486 - -

Business activities .. .. 15 23 13 22 161 9 1 260 593 646Real estate .. .. 1 - 11 21 82 - - - -Computer and related activities - - 1 8 3 9 - - 35 - 19 65 94Other business activities - - 9 9 - 11 - 6 34 85 1 041 332 138Unspecified business activities - - 4 5 9 - 1 45 - 40 238 196 415

Other services 18 215 - - 5 - 5 2 32 24 - - -Private buying and selling of property - - 33 12 10 17 21 20 20 20 20Unspecified - 121 34 91 269 118 42 318 653 486 - 163 282



Table 6. Foreign direct investment flows in the host economy, by geographical origin, 1989-2002(Millions of Euros)

Region/economy 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002Total world 352 506 - 168 306 832 1 386 781 857 1 846 10 915 4 327 9 588 4 172 8 415

Developed countries 260 615 - 12 422 807 1 331 735 818 1 805 10 915 4 221 9 323 4 193 8 219Western Europe 244 574 - 6 282 614 1 167 595 639 1 518 10 293 4 735 9 278 4 300 7 785

European Union 242 521 - 94 216 606 1 021 462 979 1 464 10 396 4 131 9 230 4 561 7 717Austria - - - 2 - 1 - 1 - 1 2 - 16 46 40 - 93 - 52Belgium / Luxembourg 35 10 - 4 9 99 - 79 - 17 183 - 109 - 244 - 1 119 813Denmark 11 11 29 9 24 454 - 43 67 54 508 1 125 410 - 160 123France 12 13 - 9 7 45 22 - 18 12 8 19 - 11 18 - 1 - 19Germany 7 10 24 33 75 35 30 194 39 117 210 84 156 - 44Ireland - - - 2 9 7 - 48 - 14 - 9 21 42 29 27 75Italy - - 2 2 - 1 - - 2 1 83 - 3 - 1 - 2 - 5 36Netherlands 46 77 37 90 31 20 129 - 3 359 - 240 1 602 950 - 46 168Portugal - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - 1 -Spain - - - - - - - - - - - 255 - 53 3Sweden 129 395 - 223 65 257 331 334 190 596 9 945 924 6 969 3 692 6 109United Kingdom 1 4 48 3 157 49 126 512 126 155 432 474 889 524

Other Western Europe 2 53 87 66 8 146 133 - 340 55 - 102 605 49 - 261 68Norway 3 12 74 27 26 226 23 - 117 39 - 115 348 38 - 131 - 125Switzerland - 2 41 2 34 7 - 80 110 - 223 15 12 256 11 - 131 193

North America 16 41 - 6 141 193 163 89 179 198 452 - 484 - 32 - 100 250Canada - - - 11 11 - 10 8 - 3 - 2 2 - 6 3 - 23 47United States 16 41 - 6 130 182 173 80 182 200 449 - 478 - 35 - 77 204

Other developed countries - - - - - 1 52 - 89 170 - 30 76 - 6 184Australia - - - - - - - - - - - 4 - 1 2Japan - - - - - 1 52 - 89 170 - 18 63 - 5 182South Africa - - - - - - - - - - - 3 - -

Developing economies - 1 1 3 11 1 1 15 27 24 - 10 93 4 26 37Africa - - - - - - - - 1 - 1 - 7 3 1 -

North Africa - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - -Other Africa - - - - - - - - - - - 6 - - -

Latin America and the Caribbean - - - - - - 3 3 1 - 1 83 - 9 12 17South America - - - - - - - - - - 2 11 - 2 3 5

Brazil - - - - - - - - - - - - 5 - 5Other Latin America and Caribbean - - - - - - 3 3 1 - 1 72 - 7 9 12

Mexico - - - - - - - - - - 1 - - 4 10 8Developing Europe - - - - - - - - - - 13 3 - -Asia - - - - - 1 12 25 19 - 7 3 7 13 20

West Asia - - - - - - 11 - - - 2 4 - 3 - 14Turkey - - - - - - - - - - - - 2 - 16

South, East and South-East Asia - - - - - 1 - - - - 6 - 2 10 13 6China - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 6 - 4Hong Kong, China - - - - - - - - - - - 3 - - 1India - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3 - 1Indonesia - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 -Malaysia - - - - - - - - - - - 9 - -Singapore - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - 10Thailand - - - - - - - - - - - - 2 - -

The Pacific - - - - - - - - 1 3 - - - - -Central and Eastern Europe - - - - - 53 12 14 9 - 42 12 229 - 123 25

Czech Republic - - - - - - - - - - - - 3 - 14 11Estonia - - - - - - - - - - 11 1 7 3Hungary - - - - - - - - - - - 6 4 - 3Latvia - - - - - - - - - - - - 2 - 3 16Lithuania - - - - - - - - - - - 3 2 2Poland - - - - - - - - - - - 206 - 178 - 4Russian Federation - - - - - 47 12 14 9 - 4 - 12 18 59 -

Unspecified 93 - 109 - 159 - 127 24 1 18 - 2 8 52 1 33 76 133


Note: From 1992, data are reported by immediate investing country, prior to 1992, the UBO (ultimate beneficial ownership) principle was applied.


Table 7. FDI flows in the host economy, by industry and geographical origin, 2002(Millions of Euros)

Region/economy / Industry Tota

l

Seco

ndar

y

Food

, bev

erag

es a

nd

toba

cco

Cok

e, p

etro

leum

pr

oduc

ts a

nd n

ucle

ar

fuel

Che

mic

als

and

chem

ical

pr

oduc

ts

Rub

ber a

nd p

last

ic

prod

ucts

Met

al a

nd m

etal

pr

oduc

ts

Mac

hine

ry a

nd

equi

pmen

t

Ele

ctric

al a

nd e

lect

roni

c eq

uipm

ent

Uns

peci

fied

seco

ndar

y

Tert

iary

Total world 8 415 846 1 138 - 43 - 22 - - 416 347 - 133 - 26 7 266Developed countries 8 219 726 1 137 - 42 - 69 - - 509 99 - 78 187 7 168

Western Europe 7 785 692 1 137 - 41 - 78 - - 494 130 - 78 116 6 818European Union 7 717 553 1 137 - 29 - 73 - - 494 130 - 78 - 41 6 891

Austria - 52 - 52 - - - - - - - - 52 -Belgium / Luxembourg 813 806 - - - - - - - 806 67Belgium - 11 - 2 - - - - - - - - 2 62Denmark 123 - 111 - 46 - 2 - 52 - - - - - 11 252France - 19 11 - - 39 - - - - - 29 - 30Germany - 44 13 - - 13 - - - - - 0 - 57Greece - 23 - - - - - - - - - -Ireland 75 78 - - - - - - - 78 4Italy 36 5 - - - - - - - 5 37Luxembourg 824 808 - - - - - - - 808 5Netherlands 168 - 301 - - 51 - 59 - - - - - 191 509Spain 3 5 - - - - - - - 5 - 3Sweden 6 109 - 219 - 46 3 - 8 - 25 139 - - 331 6 046United Kingdom 524 319 - 17 6 - - - - 296 118

Other Western Europe 68 139 - - 12 - 5 - - - - 156 - 73Norway - 125 - 89 - - 12 - 9 - - - - - 67 - 36Switzerland 193 228 - - 4 - - - - 224 - 36

North America 250 - 14 - - 1 9 - - 15 - 31 - 24 212Canada 47 1 - - - - - - - 1 -United States 204 - 15 - - 1 9 - - 15 - 31 - 23 212

Other Developed Countries 184 48 - - - - - - - 48 138Australia 2 2 - - - - - - - 2 -Japan 182 46 - - - - - - - 46 138

Developing economies 37 17 - - - - - - - 17 10Latin America and the Caribbean 17 22 - - - - - - - 22 -

South America 5 5 - - - - - - - 5 -Brazil 5 5 - - - - - - - 5 -

Other Latin America and Caribbean 12 17 - - - - - - - 17 -Mexico 8 8 - - - - - - - 8 -

Asia 20 - 5 - - - - - - - - 5 10West Asia 14 - - - - - - - - - -

Turkey 16 - - - - - - - - - -South, East and South-East Asia 6 - 5 - - - - - - - - 5 10

China - 4 - 6 - - - - - - - - 6 -Hong Kong, China - 1 - 2 - - - - - - - - 2 -India - 1 - 1 - - - - - - - - 1 -Singapore 10 3 - - - - - - - 3 -

Central and Eastern Europe 25 7 - - - - - - - 7 24Baltic countries 21 3 - - - - - - - 3 4

Estonia 3 1 - - - - - - - 1 4Latvia 16 - - - - - - - - - -Lithuania 2 2 - - - - - - - 2 -

Czech Republic 11 - - - - - - - - - -Hungary - 3 2 - - - - - - - 2 - 3Poland - 4 2 - - - - - - - 2 -

Unspecified 133 96 1 - 1 48 - 93 248 - 55 - 238 64/…


Table 7. FDI flows in the host economy, by industry and geographical origin, 2002(concluded)

(Millions of Euros)

Region/economy / Industry Trad

e

Tran

spor

t, st

orag

e an

d co

mm

unic

atio

ns

Tran

spor

t and

sto

rage

Fina

nce

Fina

ncia

l Int

erm

edia

tion

Mon

etar

y in

term

edia

tion

Bus

ines

s ac

tiviti

es

Com

pute

r and

rela

ted

activ

ities

Oth

er b

usin

ess

activ

ities

Uns

peci

fied

Total world 317 4 286 - 22 2 018 2 018 996 646 94 138 282Developed countries 245 4 295 - 15 2 026 2 026 - 602 95 92 321

Western Europe - 91 4 295 - 15 2 026 2 026 - 588 84 89 271European Union 28 4 295 - 15 2 024 2 024 - 545 84 16 269

Austria - - - - - - - - - - 1Belgium / Luxembourg 67 - - - - - - - - - 59Belgium 62 - - - - - - - - - 71Denmark 23 - - 222 222 - 7 - 13 - 18France - 26 - - - - - - 4 - - 3 -Germany 37 - 90 - 1 1 - - 5 - 8 - -Greece - - - - - - - - - - 23Ireland 4 - - - - - - - - - 7Italy 37 - - - - - - - - - 6Luxembourg 5 - - - - - - - - 12Netherlands 140 - 71 - 3 3 - 437 10 57 - 39Spain - 3 - - - - - - - - 1Sweden - 253 4 429 - 3 1 785 1 785 - 85 16 8 281United Kingdom 3 - - 15 15 - 100 73 11 87

Other Western Europe - 118 - - 3 3 - 43 - 74 2Norway 29 - - 3 3 - - 68 - - 37 -Switzerland - 147 - - - - - 111 - 111 2

North America 198 - - - - - 14 10 3 52Canada - - - - - - - - - 46United States 198 - - - - - 14 10 3 7

Other Developed Countries 138 - - - - - - - - - 2Australia - - - - - - - - - -Japan 138 - - - - - - - - - 2

Developing economies 10 - - - - - - - - 10Latin America and the Caribbean - - - - - - - - - - 5

South America - - - - - - - - - -Brazil - - - - - - - - - -

Other Latin America and Caribbean - - - - - - - - - - 5Mexico - - - - - - - - - -

Asia 10 - - - - - - - - 15West Asia - - - - - - - - - 14

Turkey - - - - - - - - - 16South, East and South-East Asia 10 - - - - - - - - 1

China - - - - - - - - - 2Hong Kong, China - - - - - - - - - 1India - - - - - - - - - -Singapore - - - - - - - - - 7

Central and Eastern Europe 24 - - - - - - - - - 6Baltic countries 4 - - - - - - - - 14

Estonia 4 - - - - - - - - - 2Latvia - - - - - - - - - 16Lithuania - - - - - - - - - -

Czech Republic - - - - - - - - - 11Hungary - 3 - - - - - - - - - 2Poland - - - - - - - - - - 6

Unspecified 37 - 9 - 7 - 8 - 8 996 44 - 1 46 - 43



Table 8. FDI flows abroad, by industry, 1992-2002

(Millions of Euros)

Sector/industry 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002Total - 567 1 354 3 775 1 100 2 778 4 617 16 759 6 209 26 082 9 351 8 103

Secondary 279 2 100 2 929 1 132 1 689 3 749 7 188 4 170 13 955 8 638 2 730Food, beverages and tobacco - - 215 179 310 198 470 - 290 107 143 94Textiles, clothing and leather - - 7 1 3 - 7 19 - 1 - 11 - 10Wood and wood products - 30 313 348 228 551 886 5 776 76 9 159 3 560 818Coke, petroleum products and nuclear fuel - - - 60 188 - 61 252 - 378 1 302 - 51 - 337 536Chemicals and chemical products - 117 356 723 - 14 551 127 191 462 - 121 276 65Rubber and plastic products - - - - - - .. .. .. - -Metal and metal products 242 814 675 88 162 630 12 - 75 - 66 1 130 - 430Machinery and equipment - - 485 5 185 599 318 - 90 706 910 - 193Electrical and electronic equipment - - 325 317 163 818 - 2 285 4 018 2 650 1 777Motor vehicles and other transport equipment - - 53 12 17 6 - 106 - - - -Other manufacturing 184 617 - - - - - - - - -

Tertiary 20 302 712 - 280 310 108 9 303 1 702 10 696 989 746Construction - - 20 - 6 1 3 - - - - -Trade - 136 27 719 134 86 42 204 94 64 - 37 69Transport, storage and communications - - 80 - 5 85 147 902 761 6 083 - 1 087 - 986

Transport and storage - - 36 - 24 36 63 - 29 - 493 183 71 Water transport - - 34 - 24 35 63 - 28 - 495 179 71

Post and communications - - - - - - 931 - - - -Finance 130 100 - 106 - 416 198 - 88 8 215 - 65 3 204 2 268 1 354

Financial intermediation - - - 107 - 417 64 - 169 8 203 121 2 883 2 268 1 354Monetary intermediation - - - 114 - 434 60 - 179 8 160 121 2 883 2 299 573Other financial intermediation - - 7 17 4 10 43 - - - -

Insurance and pension funding - - 2 1 135 81 12 - - - -Unspecified finance 130 100 - - - - - - 186 321 - -

Business activities 31 3 - 4 14 - 57 - 23 - 26 911 1 344 - 155 309Real estate - - 1 9 - 4 - - 7 3 - - -Computer and related activities - - 4 1 4 4 2 909 371 - 215 147Other business activities - - - 10 2 - 57 18 - 33 42 981 58 - 25Unspecified business activities - - 2 2 0 - 46 12 - 43 - 8 3 187

Other services 26 175 3 - - 3 27 8 - - - -Private buying and selling of property 31 3 16 20 19 26 41 40 40 40 40Unspecified - 897 - 1 051 118 227 759 734 227 298 1 391 - 317 4 587



Table 9. FDI flows abroad, by geographical destination, 1989-2002

(Millions of Euros)

Region/economy 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002Total world 2 139 1 741 - 84 - 567 1 354 3 775 1 100 2 778 4 617 16 759 6 209 26 082 9 351 8 103

Developed countries 1 867 1 682 401 208 2 346 3 703 1 018 2 439 4 352 16 501 5 645 24 571 9 577 7 753Western Europe 1 207 1 368 156 142 2 227 3 557 863 2 565 3 378 15 453 4 317 19 569 8 084 9 212

European Union 1 156 1 191 43 85 2 234 3 571 1 048 2 153 3 160 15 505 4 003 12 849 7 743 6 002Austria - 1 1 1 - 3 102 33 39 55 - 70 - 21 85 14 38Belgium / Luxembourg 92 94 127 199 308 85 - 129 - 27 24 46 233 - 1 239 349 2 622Denmark 63 27 12 - 22 8 855 277 47 - 20 - 369 39 104 2 905 - 28France 64 243 114 176 137 209 144 125 - 186 216 495 898 102 - 346Germany 88 65 71 98 554 270 90 625 359 1 391 - 351 4 039 2 565 - 127Greece 1 2 - - - - - - - - 1 9 - 2 42 - 25Ireland 1 25 41 9 16 42 70 19 11 39 503 366 - 501 - 246Italy 25 18 66 53 56 11 15 20 52 - 22 90 453 242 - 615Netherlands 208 - 28 - 739 - 870 - 55 844 28 522 1 339 1 324 1 490 4 850 502 - 1 211Portugal 12 20 46 20 180 - 29 4 5 2 - - 31 - 59 45 18Spain 25 63 52 110 139 119 - 8 4 6 20 41 105 - 33 102Sweden 403 426 118 162 633 116 259 936 1 422 12 770 1 228 3 953 217 5 879United Kingdom 173 236 134 150 255 846 313 - 57 217 161 259 - 719 1 279 - 72

Other Western Europe 50 176 113 57 - 7 - 14 - 185 412 217 - 52 314 6 719 341 3 209Gibraltar 3 3 3 - 1 1 - - - - - - - - -Norway 62 171 99 - 46 41 14 7 224 32 136 349 3 731 421 198Switzerland - 14 3 11 103 - 49 - 28 - 192 189 165 - 189 - 35 2 988 - 80 3 012

North America 660 314 245 66 119 130 146 - 174 916 1 036 1 275 4 863 1 458 - 1 381Canada 146 20 44 - 10 - 113 53 7 42 12 71 74 446 242 186United States 514 294 201 76 232 77 140 - 216 904 965 1 201 4 417 1 216 - 1 567

Other developed countries - - - - - 15 8 48 59 12 54 140 35 - 77Australia - - - - - 15 6 18 45 - 13 74 59 - 41 - 55Japan - - - - - - 2 - 1 26 13 24 - 30 70 59 - 26New Zealand - - - - - - - - - - 21 - 10 6 - 2South Africa - - - - - 2 3 5 1 1 - 10 21 11 5

Developing economies 224 223 73 131 42 5 67 266 343 123 271 725 913 153Africa - - - - - - - - - 8 1 - 1 12 4 13

North Africa - - - - - - - - - - 1 6 - 9Other Africa - - - - - - - - - 8 - - 2 7 - 4

Latin America and the Caribbean - - - - - - 14 - 14 164 42 - 47 36 427 542 - 59South America - - - - - 39 34 8 - 6 - 55 - 33 311 496 - 101

Argentina - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - 5Brazil - - - - - 22 2 - 16 - 16 - 41 - 312 - - 138Chile - - - - - 16 31 20 11 - 13 - - 5 8Colombia - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 -Venezuela - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 89

Other Latin America and Caribbean - - - - - - 53 - 48 157 48 8 70 116 46 42Mexico - - - - - - 3 - - - 1 - 5 - 2 1 89

Developing Europe - - 3 - - - - - - - - - - -Malta - - 3 - - - - - - - - - - -

Asia 3 36 - 1 1 3 20 81 101 309 169 236 286 367 199West Asia 3 36 - 1 1 3 - 2 1 6 - 29 - 9 3 10 - 25 87

Cyprus 1 34 - 4 - 2 - - - - - - 2 - 4 3Turkey 2 2 3 1 2 - 1 1 4 - 21 - 10 - 5 7 - 24 5

South, East and South-East Asia - - - - - 22 39 47 164 179 233 276 392 112China - - - - - 5 7 16 16 12 146 34 170 - 112Hong Kong, China - - - - - - 7 5 131 3 119 - 200 - 69India - - - - - 1 6 3 - 2 7 - 7 27 17Indonesia - - - - - - - 2 8 8 3 1 - 4 - 6Lao People's Dem. Rep. - - - - - - - - - 2 - - - -Malaysia - - - - - 2 - 5 - 8 22 2 9 9 2Philippines - - - - - 1 - - - - - 4 6 4Republic of Korea - - - - - 11 12 - 2 29 73 - 12 188 - - 8Singapore - - - - - - 1 4 12 - 6 135 - 6 260 - 69Taiwan Province of China - - - - - - - - - - 9 - 48 - -Thailand - - - - - 2 2 7 - 7 4 - 34 34 26 25

The Pacific - - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - /…


Table 9. FDI flows abroad, by geographical destination, 1989-2002 (concluded)

(Millions of Euros)

Region/economy 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002Central and Eastern Europe 17 49 8 29 46 44 53 153 153 116 316 744 94 210

Belarus - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Czech Republic - - - - 1 - - 2 1 - 3 22 94 - 119 37Estonia - - - 8 13 - - - - 54 133 57 86 102Hungary 2 2 2 5 13 8 14 21 6 23 - 24 266 - 43 104Latvia - - - - 1 - - - - 14 36 1 20 - 3Lithuania - - - - - - - - - 11 17 10 - 11 26Poland 1 - 1 3 8 2 - 1 32 29 - 65 254 9 - 4Romania - - - - - - - - - - - 3 1 - 6Russian Federation 15 9 14 12 10 12 8 57 62 17 65 54 141 - 51Slovakia - - - - - - - - - - - 4 5 11Ukraine - - - - - - - - - - - - 5 - 6

Unspecified 30 - 213 - 566 - 936 - 1 081 24 - 38 - 79 - 232 19 - 23 42 - 1 233 - 14

Source: Bank of Finland, unpublished data.Note: From 1992, data are reported by immediate host country, prior to 1992, the UBO (ultimate beneficial ownership) principle was applied.


Table 10. FDI flows abroad, by industry and geographical destination, 2002(Millions of Euros)


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Total world 8 103 2 730 94 - 10 818 536 65 .. .. - 430 - 193Developed countries 7 753 2 439 152 - 6 938 500 73 .. .. - 421 - 257

Western Europe 9 212 4 019 152 - 6 938 501 79 .. .. - 116 170European Union 6 002 970 169 - 6 938 369 150 .. .. - 85 129

Austria 38 - 20 - - - - 5 - - - -Belgium / Luxembourg 2 622 1 285 - - - - - - - - -Belgium 2 585 1 242 - - - - - - - - -Denmark - 28 - 66 - - - - 15 - - - - -France - 346 - 338 - - - - 60 3 .. .. - 2 - 29Germany - 127 329 - - 0 538 - 230 - 11 .. .. - 30 11Greece - 25 - 26 - - - - - - - - -Ireland - 246 - 240 - - - - - 9 - - - -Italy - 615 - 325 - - - 1 16 .. .. - -Luxembourg 37 44 - - - - - - - - -Netherlands -1 211 1 068 - - - 479 73 .. .. 33 146Portugal 18 20 - - - 1 - - - - -Spain 102 101 - - - - 3 - .. .. - -Sweden 5 879 - 691 164 - 2 - 950 20 134 - - - 57 - 50United Kingdom - 72 - 128 - - - - 21 - 23 - - 2 46

Other Western Europe 3 209 3 049 - 17 - - 132 - 71 .. .. - 31 42Norway 198 78 - 17 - - 154 - 71 - - - 32 23Switzerland 3 012 2 971 - - - - 22 - .. .. 1 19

North America -1 381 -1 492 - - - - 2 - 6 .. .. - 305 - 428Canada 186 166 - - - 1 - 6 .. .. - -United States -1 567 -1 658 - - - - 3 - - - - 305 - 428

Other Developed Countries - 77 - 87 - - - - - .. .. - -Australia - 55 - 55 - - - 5 - .. .. - -Japan - 26 - 26 - - - - - .. .. - -New Zealand - 2 - - - - - - .. .. - -South Africa 5 - 6 - - - - 4 - .. .. - -

Developing economies 153 104 - - - 19 - .. .. - -Africa 13 13 - - - - - - - - -

North Africa 9 9 - - - - - - - - -Other Africa 4 4 - - - 4 - - - - -

Latin America and the Caribbean - 59 25 - - - 15 - 1 - - - -South America - 101 - 89 - - - 2 - .. .. - -

Argentina 5 5 - - - - - .. .. - -Brazil - 138 - 127 - - - 4 - .. .. - -Chile 8 8 - - - - - - - - -Uruguay - 1 - - - - - - - - - -Venezuela 89 89 - - - - - - - - -

Other Latin America and Caribbean 42 114 - - - 13 - 1 .. .. - -Mexico 89 89 - - - 3 - 1 .. .. - -

Asia 199 66 - - - 4 1 .. .. - -West Asia 87 13 - - - - - - 0 - 0 - -

Cyprus 3 .. - - - - - .. .. - -Turkey 5 4 - - - - - .. .. - -

South, East and South-East Asia 112 54 - - - 4 1 .. .. - -China - 112 - 106 - - - 2 - 5 .. .. - -Hong Kong, China 69 72 - - - 1 - .. .. - -India 17 13 - - - - - .. .. - -Indonesia - 6 - 6 - - - - - .. .. - -Malaysia 2 4 - - - - - .. .. - -Philippines 4 - - - - - - .. .. - -Republic of Korea - 8 - 8 - - - - 4 - - - -Singapore 69 59 - - - - 3 .. .. - -Thailand 25 24 - - - - - .. .. - -

Central and Eastern Europe 210 193 - 40 - - 2 29 - 1 .. .. 12 1Baltic countries 126 51 25 - - 2 6 4 .. .. 2 - 2

Estonia 102 27 15 - - 2 5 4 .. .. 2 - 2Latvia - 3 1 10 - - - 4 - .. .. - -Lithuania 26 23 0 - - 5 - .. .. - -

Czech Republic 37 32 - - - 2 - .. .. - -Hungary 104 103 - - - 14 5 .. .. - -Poland - 4 14 - - - 3 - 9 .. .. 8 1Romania - 6 - 1 - - - - - .. .. - -Russian Federation - 51 - 18 - 65 - - 3 - - - 2 2Slovakia 11 11 - - - - - .. .. - -Ukraine - 6 .. - - - - - .. .. - -

Unspecified - 14 - 6 - 18 - 4 - 118 - 12 - 9 .. .. - 21 63/…


Table 10. FDI flows abroad, by industry and geographical destination, 2002 (concluded)

(Millions of Euros)

Region/economy / Industry Ele

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Total world 1 777 746 69 - 986 78 1 354 1 354 573 309 147 - 25 4 587Developed countries -1 343 553 78 -1 091 146 1 280 1 280 - 285 25 - 39 4 747

Western Europe - 687 460 78 -1 091 146 1 233 1 233 - 239 - 19 - 46 4 718European Union - 687 75 - 9 -1 091 146 1 233 1 233 - - 59 - 19 - 30 4 943

Austria - - - - - - - - - - - 59Belgium / Luxembourg - - - - - - - - - - - 1 336Belgium - - - - - - - - - - - 1 343Denmark - 115 - 33 - - 138 138 - 10 - 16 - 78France - - 1 - - - - - - - 1 - - - 6Germany - 82 29 47 - - - - 5 - 5 - 537Greece - - - - - - - - - - - -Ireland - - - - - - - - - - - - 6Italy - 3 - - - - - - 3 - 3 - 294Luxembourg - - - - - - - - - - - - 7Netherlands - - 46 2 - - - 4 - 4 - - 44 18 - 58 -2 234Portugal - - - - - - - - - - - - 2Spain - 1 - - - - - - 1 - 3 -Sweden - 1 139 - 22 91 110 1 104 1 104 - - 34 - 29 - 4 5 431United Kingdom - 39 11 - - 29 29 - - 2 - 9 7 17

Other Western Europe - 385 87 - - - - - 298 - - 17 - 225Norway - 311 87 - - - - - 224 - - 12 - 192Switzerland - 74 - - - - - - 74 - - 4 - 33

North America - 656 93 - - - 47 47 - 46 44 7 18Canada - - - - - - - - - - - 20United States - 656 93 - - - 47 47 - 46 44 7 - 2

Other Developed Countries - - - - - - - - - - - 10Australia - - - - - - - - - - - -Japan - - - - - - - - - - - -New Zealand - - - - - - - - - - - - 1South Africa - - - - - - - - - - - 11

Developing economies - 46 2 - - - - - - 2 - 2 47Africa - - - - - - - - - - - -

North Africa - - - - - - - - - - - -Other Africa - - - - - - - - - - - -

Latin America and the Caribbean - - - - - - - - - - - - 84South America - - - - - - - - - - - - 13

Argentina - - - - - - - - - - - -Brazil - - 12 - - - - - - - 12 - - 10 -Chile - - - - - - - - - - - -Uruguay - - - - - - - - - - - - 1Venezuela - - - - - - - - - - - -

Other Latin America and Caribbean - - - - - - - - - - - - 72Mexico - - - - - - - - - - - -

Asia - 46 2 - - - - - - 2 - 2 131West Asia - - - - - - - - - - - 75

Cyprus - - - - - - - - - - - 3Turkey - - - - - - - - - - - 1

South, East and South-East Asia - 46 2 - - - - - - 2 - 2 57China - 102 - 6 - - - - - - - 6 - - 6 -Hong Kong, China - - 3 - - - - - - - 3 - - 3 -India - - - - - - - - - - - 4Indonesia - - - - - - - - - - - -Malaysia - - - - - - - - - - - - 2Philippines - 3 - - - - - - 3 - 3 -Republic of Korea - - - - - - - - - - - -Singapore - 3 - - - - - - 3 - 3 7Thailand - 0 - - - - - - - - - -

Central and Eastern Europe 90 26 - 23 20 - 9 9 - 20 - 12 - 8Baltic countries - 3 63 13 22 - 9 9 - 18 - 14 12

Estonia - 3 62 23 22 - 9 9 - 8 - 8 13Latvia - - 2 - 7 - - - 1 - 1 - 6 - 4 - 1Lithuania - 3 - 3 - - 2 2 - 4 - 1 -

Czech Republic - 4 - - - - - - 4 - - -Hungary 94 - - - - - - - - - - -Poland - - 4 - 4 - - - - - - - - - 15Romania - - - - - - - - - - - - 5Russian Federation - - 37 - 32 - 3 - - - - - 2 - - 1 5Slovakia - - - - - - - - - - - -Ukraine - - - - - - - - - - - - 6

Unspecified 3 076 165 14 85 - 67 64 64 573 2 122 - - 199Source: Bank of Finland, unpublished data.


Table 11. FDI stocks in the host economy, by industry, 1991-2001

(Millions of Euros)

Sector/industry 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002Total 2 934 3 254 4 102 5 356 6 205 6 871 8 688 14 103 18 236 26 086 27 312 32 428

Secondary 1 311 1 703 2 270 3 297 3 517 3 844 5 029 6 934 8 248 10 073 9 404 10 808Food, beverages and tobacco .. .. .. 262 276 245 179 520 821 1 088 534 2 808Textiles, clothing and leather .. .. .. 45 43 33 26 67 56 1 447 - -Wood and wood products .. .. .. 84 113 156 233 1 392 1 069 - - -Coke, petroleum products and nuclear fuel .. .. .. 68 74 111 113 181 229 227 210 110Chemicals and chemical products 171 251 303 871 775 1 081 1 475 1 459 1 390 1 487 1 504 1 264Metal and metal products 777 1 011 1 331 315 206 268 620 568 791 691 1 178 1 004Machinery and equipment .. .. .. 221 283 320 329 544 596 890 917 1 320Electrical and electronic equipment .. .. .. 828 967 423 440 612 1 396 1 428 1 002 886

Tertiary 1 623 1 551 1 832 2 011 2 415 2 666 3 296 6 373 8 621 13 968 15 450 19 390Construction - - - 47 42 62 76 - - - - -Trade 1 137 1 080 1 145 1 379 1 586 1 663 1 962 2 131 3 164 3 120 3 234 3 553Hotels and restaurants - - - 21 43 63 77 - - - - -Transport, storage and communications - - - 164 245 229 238 269 460 563 592 2 541

Transport and storage - - - 125 210 181 176 205 245 - - 214 Land transport including pipelines - - - 22 128 162 164 - 156 - - 80

Finance 91 133 136 168 282 408 613 3 549 4 392 8 166 9 431 10 514Financial intermediation .. .. .. 138 224 357 512 3 435 3 331 8 166 9 431 10 514

Monetary intermediation .. .. .. 2 15 35 4 2 796 3 331 6 649 8 767 9 420Other financial intermediation .. .. .. 136 209 322 508 639 - - - -

Insurance and pension funding .. .. .. 30 57 51 101 85 - - - -Business activities .. .. .. 233 218 182 296 360 529 2 119 2 193 2 782

Real estate .. .. .. 6 22 7 - 107 - - - -Computer and related activities - - - 21 29 16 78 - 178 83 129 168Other business activities - - - 186 120 131 165 149 293 1 696 1 693 1 414Unspecified business activities - - - 21 48 27 53 104 58 340 371 1 200

Other services 367 324 532 - - 60 33 64 77 - - -Private buying and selling of property - - - 33 46 56 73 95 115 135 155 175Unspecified - - - 14 228 304 290 702 1 252 1 910 2 303 2 055



Table 12. FDI stock in the host economy, by geographical origin, 1991-2002

(Millions of Euros)

Region/economy 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002Total world 2 934 3 254 4 102 5 356 6 205 6 871 8 688 14 103 18 236 26 086 27 312 32 428

Developed countries 2 654 3 062 3 938 5 088 5 913 6 619 8 418 13 861 17 957 25 539 26 868 31 987Western Europe 2 263 2 625 3 385 4 528 5 166 5 742 7 211 11 605 16 682 24 312 25 880 30 831

European Union 1 660 1 769 2 417 3 309 4 351 4 831 6 272 10 815 15 300 22 842 24 700 29 507Austria - - - - - - - 60 107 164 148 108Belgium / Luxembourg - - - 300 243 234 329 262 183 182 295 960Denmark 65 47 112 564 417 530 570 856 1 344 1 758 1 529 1 636France 40 41 84 78 90 122 145 146 143 132 185 260Germany 150 132 231 269 301 247 348 350 542 671 767 919Ireland - - - - 109 18 - 2 27 83 105 116 179Italy - - - - 7 8 65 57 48 23 10 - 10Netherlands 372 662 749 756 1 102 1 096 1 736 1 472 3 272 5 115 4 709 4 267Portugal - - - - - - - - - - 1 - 2 - 2Spain - - - - - - - - - 23 - 14 - 12Sweden 918 785 1 067 1 096 1 777 2 077 2 644 7 018 8 601 13 215 15 232 17 730United Kingdom 94 64 140 193 273 437 370 549 954 1 431 1 678 3 440

Other Western Europe 603 856 968 1 219 815 912 938 789 1 383 1 470 1 180 1 324Norway 142 182 249 379 395 323 532 384 718 752 657 618Switzerland 461 674 720 841 420 589 406 405 665 717 523 705

North America 391 437 553 559 692 823 1 144 1 984 1 042 904 755 685Canada 5 - - - 2 - 5 1 25 25 16 27 - 8 51United States 385 437 553 560 696 822 1 118 1 958 1 026 878 762 633

Other developed countries - - - 1 55 53 64 273 233 322 233 471Australia - - - - - - - - - 33 - 4 - 2Japan - - - 1 55 53 64 228 205 290 237 474South Africa - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - 1

Developing economies - - - 2 21 - 23 - 13 - 54 - 16 10 - 8 34Africa - - - - - - 1 - 1 - 9 37 - 2 - 2

North Africa - - - - - - - - - 1 - - -Other Africa - - - - - - - - - 9 - - -

Latin America and the Caribbean - - - - 1 - - 24 - 52 - 42 - 5 - 13 - 2 - 2South America - - - - - 1 - - 2 - 8 - 11 - 7 - 2

Brazil - - - - - - - - - - 8 - - 1Other Latin America and Caribbean - - - - 1 - - 24 - 52 - 40 3 - 2 5 -

Mexico - - - - - - - - 1 - - 19 - 9 - 1Asia - - - 2 21 - - 4 - 12 - 2 - 14 - 4 38

West Asia - - - 1 21 - - - 2 - 2 - - 2 27South, East and South-East Asia - - - - - - - - 10 - - 14 - 1 11

China - - - - - - - - - - 11 - 5 - 9Hong Kong, China - - - - - - - - - - 5 - - 4India - - - - - - - - - - - 2 - 3Indonesia - - - - - - - - - - - 1 -Malaysia - - - - - - - - - 9 - -Republic of Korea - - - - - - - - - - 1 - -Singapore - - - - - - - - - 1 - 12Thailand - - - - - - - - - - 3 - -

The Pacific - - - - - 1 43 - - - - -Central and Eastern Europe - - - 242 241 254 255 232 191 401 303 315

Czech Republic - - - - - - - - - - 2 2 - 2Estonia - - - - - - - - - 14 - 15 - 9 - 5Hungary - - - - - - - - - - 4 2Latvia - - - - - - - - - - 17 - 20 - 4Lithuania - - - - - - - - - - 6 - 3 - 1Poland - - - - - - - - - 201 23 18Russian Federation - - - 242 241 254 275 272 241 240 306 307

Unspecified 280 193 164 25 30 21 28 64 104 136 149 93


Notes: From 1992, data are reported by immediate investing country, prior to 1992, the UBO (ultimate beneficial ownership) principle was applied.


Table 13. FDI stocks in the host economy, by industry and geographical origin, 2002(Millions of Euros)


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Total world 32 428 10 808 2 808 110 1 264 1 004 1 320 886 3 415 19 390Developed countries 31 987 10 852 2 790 111 1 268 995 942 852 3 895 18 976

Western Europe 30 831 10 630 2 790 111 1 213 1 016 901 852 3 748 18 154European Union 29 507 9 766 2 790 64 1 161 1 016 901 852 2 984 17 783

Austria 108 106 - - - 1 - - - 107 -Belgium / Luxembourg 960 760 - - - - - - 760 105Belgium 114 7 - - - - - - 7 59Denmark 1 636 867 383 0 427 - - - 56 769France 260 204 - - 84 - - - 120 55Germany 919 458 - 8 268 - - - 181 461Greece - 1 - - - - - - - - -Ireland 179 7 - - - - - - 7 162Italy - 10 - 8 - - - - - - - 8 3Luxembourg 846 753 - - - - - - 753 47Netherlands 4 267 2 031 - 8 258 - - - 1 765 2 066Portugal - 2 - 2 - - - - - - - 2 -Spain - 12 - 10 - - - - - - - 10 - 1Sweden 17 730 2 984 178 27 28 371 540 - 1 841 13 337United Kingdom 3 440 2 370 - 17 34 - - - 2 319 501

Other Western Europe 1 324 864 - 47 53 - - - 764 371Norway 618 488 - 47 5 - - - 436 123Switzerland 705 375 - - 47 - - - 328 248

North America 685 169 - - 55 - 21 41 - 95 407Canada 51 - 3 - - - - - - - 3 -United States 633 173 - - 55 - 21 41 - 98 407

Other Developed Countries 471 52 - - - - - - 52 415Australia - 2 - 2 - - - - - - - 2 -Japan 474 55 - - - - - - 55 415South Africa - 1 - 1 - - - - - - - 1 -

Developing economies 34 11 - - - - - - 11 9Africa - 2 - 2 - - - - - - - 2 -Latin America and the Caribbean - 2 12 - - - - - - 12 -

South America - 2 - 2 - - - - - - - 2 -Brazil - 1 - 1 - - - - - - - 1 -

Other Latin America and Caribbean 0 14 - - - - - - 14 -Mexico - 1 - 1 - - - - - - - 1 -

Asia 38 2 - - - - - - 2 9West Asia 27 - - - - - - - - -

Turkey 25 - - - - - - - - -South, East and South-East Asia 11 2 - - - - - - 2 9

China - 9 - 11 - - - - - - - 11 -Hong Kong, China - 4 - 4 - - - - - - - 4 -India - 3 - 3 - - - - - - - 3 -Singapore 12 5 - - - - - - 5 -

Central and Eastern Europe 315 13 - - 2 - - - - 14 310Baltic countries - 11 - 2 - - - - - - - 2 - 3

Estonia - 5 - 1 - - - - - - - 1 - 3Latvia - 4 - 2 - - - - - - - 2 -Lithuania - 1 1 - - - - - - 1 -

Czech Republic - 2 - 1 - - - - - - - 1 -Hungary 2 1 - - - - - - 1 2Poland 18 20 - - - - - - 20 -Russian Federation 307 - 6 - - 2 - - - - - 4 312

Unspecified 93 - 67 19 1 - 4 9 378 35 - 505 94/…


Table 13. FDI stocks in the host economy, by industry and geographical origin, 2002(concluded)(Millions of Euros)


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Total world 3 553 2 541 214 10 514 10 514 9 420 2 782 168 1 414 2 055Developed countries 3 206 2 554 233 10 502 10 502 - 2 714 147 1 355 2 126

Western Europe 2 608 2 554 233 10 502 10 502 - 2 490 113 1 311 2 013European Union 2 320 2 554 233 10 502 10 502 - 2 408 113 1 229 1 924

Austria - - - - - - - - - 2Belgium / Luxembourg 105 - - - - - - - - 95Belgium 59 - - - - - - - - 49Denmark 317 - - 281 281 - 172 - 35 0France 37 - - - - - 19 - 18 0Germany 370 47 - 20 20 - 24 14 1 0Greece - - - - - - - - - - 1Ireland 162 - - - - - - - - 10Italy 3 - - - - - - - - - 5Luxembourg 47 - - - - - - - - 46Netherlands 485 148 - 27 27 - 1 406 - 68 1 075 169Portugal - - - - - - - - - -Spain - 1 - - - - - - - - - 1Sweden 735 2 127 67 10 046 10 046 - 429 12 24 1 409United Kingdom 106 - - 74 74 - 322 151 42 569

Other Western Europe 288 - - - - - 83 - 82 89Norway 116 - - - - - 6 - 5 7Switzerland 172 - - - - - 76 - 76 82

North America 183 - - - - - 224 34 45 108Canada - - - - - - - - - 55United States 183 - - - - - 224 34 45 53

Other Developed Countries 415 - - - - - - - - 4Australia - - - - - - - - - -Japan 415 - - - - - - - - 4South Africa - - - - - - - - - -

Developing economies 9 - - - - - - - - 14Africa - - - - - - - - - -Latin America and the Caribbean - - - - - - - - - - 14

South America - - - - - - - - - -Brazil - - - - - - - - - -

Other Latin America and Caribbean - - - - - - - - - - 14Mexico - - - - - - - - - -

Asia 9 - - - - - - - - 27West Asia - - - - - - - - - 27

Turkey - - - - - - - - - 25South, East and South-East Asia 9 - - - - - - - - - 0

China - - - - - - - - - 2Hong Kong, China - - - - - - - - - - 1India - - - - - - - - - -Singapore - - - - - - - - - 7

Central and Eastern Europe 310 - - - - - - - - - 8Baltic countries - 3 - - - - - - - - - 5

Estonia - 3 - - - - - - - - - 1Latvia - - - - - - - - - - 2Lithuania - - - - - - - - - - 2

Czech Republic - - - - - - - - - - 1Hungary 2 - - - - - - - - - 1Poland - - - - - - - - - - 2Russian Federation 312 - - - - - - - - 1

Unspecified 28 - 13 - 18 11 11 9 420 68 21 59 - 76



Table 14. FDI stocks abroad, by industry, 1991-2002

(Millions of Euros)

Sector/industry 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002Total 7 539 7 555 8 929 9 999 10 991 13 798 18 505 25 204 33 695 56 001 59 261 60 955

Secondary 5 987 6 071 7 253 7 999 9 434 11 661 15 869 19 324 26 066 37 748 40 047 41 754Food, beverages and tobacco - - - 939 1 106 1 525 1 865 2 025 789 699 1 023 1 111Textiles, clothing and leather - - - 32 22 14 15 26 55 51 58 37Wood and wood products 902 502 774 1 053 1 547 2 259 3 124 6 711 7 582 14 009 14 826 -Coke, petroleum products and nuclear fuel - - - 1 408 1 147 1 609 1 906 1 438 3 791 4 243 2 936 2 894Chemicals and chemical products 1 701 1 622 1 817 196 604 851 953 1 069 1 791 1 765 1 748 1 743Metal and metal products 2 582 2 873 2 767 759 1 017 1 325 1 906 1 943 2 026 1 781 3 551 3 247Machinery and equipment - - - 1 487 1 481 1 652 2 637 2 583 3 204 4 183 3 019 3 226Electrical and electronic equipment - - - 1 079 1 353 1 434 2 245 - 5 068 9 220 10 689 11 788Motor vehicles and other transport equipment - - - 66 137 148 188 86 89 - - -Unspecified secondary 802 1 074 1 895 980 1 021 844 1 031 3 444 1 671 1 796 2 198 17 707

Tertiary 1 081 936 1 182 1 410 1 068 1 137 1 068 3 559 4 787 14 879 16 001 13 348Construction - - - - 43 - 70 - 91 - - - - - -Trade - 360 - 627 - 631 157 172 257 198 178 456 462 207 604Transport, storage and communications - - - 267 191 260 423 741 1 239 8 022 7 013 2 479

Transport and storage - - - 209 134 170 160 169 - 785 928 824 Water transport - - - 205 130 166 160 171 - 779 914 802

Finance 1 124 1 339 1 438 940 597 661 473 2 673 2 874 4 883 7 216 8 088Financial intermediation - - - 630 286 269 91 2 343 2 699 4 883 7 216 8 088

Monetary intermediation - - - 569 235 243 64 2 293 2 699 4 582 6 890 7 271Other financial intermediation - - - 61 51 26 27 50 - - - -

Insurance and pension funding - - - 310 311 392 382 307 - - - -Business activities 470 548 493 84 172 42 - 71 - 87 217 1 512 1 565 2 177

Real estate - - - 1 114 - - - 44 - 30 - - -Computer and related activities - - - 8 7 5 - 43 14 193 387 324 270Other business activities - - - 77 51 107 82 54 173 1 248 1 242 1 971

Other services 206 183 398 5 6 7 45 55 - - -Private buying and selling of property 470 548 493 445 455 477 532 560 601 641 681 721Unspecified - - - 145 34 523 1 035 1 761 2 241 2 734 2 531 5 132



Table 15. FDI stock abroad, by geographical destination, 1991-2002(Millions of Euros)

Region/economy 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002Total world 7 539 7 555 8 929 9 999 10 991 13 798 18 505 25 204 33 695 56 001 59 261 60 955

Developed countries 6 380 6 465 7 940 9 281 10 221 12 814 17 340 23 683 30 603 52 160 55 346 57 223Western Europe 4 780 4 787 5 973 7 097 7 870 10 442 13 453 19 968 25 235 42 974 47 486 50 939

European Union 4 139 4 149 5 262 6 543 7 731 9 871 12 653 19 294 24 096 36 013 40 748 41 705Austria 28 24 21 164 94 160 158 192 149 274 279 319Belgium / Luxembourg 666 1 026 963 579 501 266 366 381 583 - 521 - 574 2 385Denmark 185 125 164 558 932 763 793 358 515 597 3 084 2 955France 524 656 523 398 699 738 1 093 789 1 262 2 107 1 916 1 611Germany 544 403 636 728 790 1 179 1 463 2 475 2 284 5 039 6 469 4 950Greece - - - - - 1 1 - 17 15 51 27Ireland 184 91 159 220 75 195 266 291 131 557 600 258Italy 178 34 56 54 35 115 198 172 541 943 1 185 533Netherlands - 236 - 247 - 253 1 372 1 562 2 430 3 166 4 239 5 476 11 380 10 261 8 072Portugal 74 34 87 31 31 36 33 34 - 1 - 60 - 2 40Spain 79 51 133 161 164 169 191 180 244 324 280 447Sweden 1 168 1 364 2 062 1 237 1 629 2 407 3 287 8 640 10 933 14 182 14 864 18 098United Kingdom 746 586 712 667 896 1 069 1 277 1 346 1 749 948 2 094 1 756

Other Western Europe 641 639 711 554 140 571 799 675 1 139 6 960 6 739 9 234Norway 335 267 333 267 261 559 758 828 1 280 4 131 4 229 4 130Switzerland 306 372 378 287 - 121 12 41 - 154 - 141 2 830 2 510 5 103

North America 1 600 1 677 1 967 2 065 2 289 2 309 3 776 3 594 5 196 8 810 7 401 5 963Canada 337 256 134 139 137 180 222 147 262 289 179 591United States 1 264 1 422 1 832 1 926 2 151 2 129 3 554 3 447 4 934 8 520 7 222 5 372

Other developed countries .. .. .. 120 62 63 111 121 172 377 459 321Australia .. .. .. 108 49 39 83 64 138 267 244 150Japan .. .. .. 2 4 16 24 52 2 69 126 96New Zealand .. .. .. - - - - - 30 19 25 22South Africa .. .. .. 10 10 7 4 5 3 22 64 53

Developing economies .. .. .. 526 738 758 885 734 1 493 1 722 2 700 2 477Africa .. .. .. - 5 4 11 12 2 16 40 20

North Africa .. .. .. - - - - - 1 6 - 13Other Africa .. .. .. - 5 4 11 12 1 10 - 7

Latin America and the Caribbean .. .. .. 202 192 258 241 227 330 197 812 673South America .. .. .. 108 138 171 211 198 220 60 515 371

Argentina .. .. .. 8 - 4 9 - - - - 15Brazil .. .. .. 72 72 95 116 100 - - 315 - 199Chile .. .. .. 19 51 62 79 65 - 6 4 19Colombia .. .. .. - - - - - - - 1 -Venezuela .. .. .. - - - - - - - 2 90

Other Latin America and Caribbean .. .. .. 94 53 88 31 29 110 137 297 303Mexico .. .. .. 2 2 2 1 2 8 - 1 4 93

Asia .. .. .. 314 530 495 632 494 1 161 1 509 1 849 1 784West Asia .. .. .. 10 25 24 50 14 23 197 110 122

Cyprus .. .. .. - - - - - - 106 55 57Turkey .. .. .. 10 18 17 42 5 5 13 - 12 - 26United Arab Emirates .. .. .. - - - - - - - 7 -

South, East and South-East Asia .. .. .. 148 252 193 246 480 1 137 1 312 1 739 1 662China .. .. .. 2 16 26 85 96 245 520 768 581Hong Kong, China .. .. .. 16 66 14 62 23 407 27 - 112India .. .. .. 4 13 17 15 16 - 25 43 50Indonesia .. .. .. - 2 2 1 2 - 17 18 19Malaysia .. .. .. - 23 1 9 32 64 43 80 88Philippines .. .. .. - 6 8 7 - - 13 18 20Republic of Korea .. .. .. 58 66 62 57 152 207 377 - 408Singapore .. .. .. 69 53 53 9 139 170 227 - 253Taiwan Province of China .. .. .. - - - - - 48 - - -Thailand .. .. .. - 6 10 - 11 - 3 60 58 80

The Pacific .. .. .. 10 12 - - - - - - -Central and Eastern Europe .. .. .. 138 64 158 240 316 1 014 1 685 1 970 2 005

Belarus .. .. .. 1 - - - - - - - -Czech Republic .. .. .. - - 4 6 2 48 118 24 62Estonia .. .. .. - - - - 79 335 440 554 608Hungary .. .. .. 11 1 26 12 36 50 295 242 350Latvia .. .. .. - - - - 34 91 117 159 104Lithuania .. .. .. - - - - 13 89 87 121 164Poland .. .. .. 7 14 29 53 60 206 298 369 345Romania .. .. .. - - - - - - 6 7 3Russian Federation .. .. .. 41 2 25 63 91 196 314 458 342Slovakia .. .. .. - - - - - - 9 36 27

Unspecified 1 159 1 090 989 53 - 32 69 41 471 585 435 - 755 - 749Source: Bank of Finland, unpublished data.

Note: From 1992, data are reported by immediate host country, prior to 1992, the UBO (ultimate beneficial ownership) principle was applied.


Table 16. FDI stocks abroad, by industry and geographical destination, 2002(Millions of Euros)


l

Seco

ndar

y

Food

, bev

erag

es a

nd

toba

cco

Text

iles,

clo

thin

g an

d le

athe

r

Cok

e, p

etro

leum

pr

oduc

ts a

nd n

ucle

ar

fuel

Che

mic

als

and

chem

ical

pr

oduc

ts

Met

al a

nd m

etal

pr

oduc

ts

Mac

hine

ry a

nd

equi

pmen

t

Ele

ctric

al a

nd e

lect

roni

c eq

uipm

ent

Uns

peci

fied

seco

ndar

y

Tert

iary

Total world 60 955 41 754 1 111 37 2 894 1 743 3 247 3 226 11 788 17 707 13 348Developed countries 48 491 38 451 922 21 2 662 1 515 3 041 3 034 5 226 22 030 9 785

Western Europe 42 376 32 443 922 21 2 466 1 099 2 412 2 213 3 778 19 532 9 678European Union 36 069 26 461 890 21 1 965 966 2 291 2 133 3 778 14 417 9 353

Austria 256 256 - - - 96 - - - 160 -Belgium / Luxembourg 2 191 2 191 - - - - - - - 2 191 -Belgium 1 005 1 005 - - - - - - - 1 005 -Denmark 2 894 277 - - 117 - - - - 160 2 617France 1 559 1 519 - - 10 40 7 42 - 1 420 40Germany 4 914 4 633 - 2 152 35 69 121 - 4 253 281Greece 25 25 - - - - - - - 25 -Ireland 257 257 - - 8 13 - - - 236 -Italy 533 524 - - 3 38 - - - 483 9Luxembourg 1 186 1 186 - - - - - - - 1 186 -Netherlands 7 049 5 859 - - 1 466 - 10 793 425 - 3 187 1 190Portugal 38 38 - - 21 - - - - 17 -Spain 447 433 - - 6 - - - - 427 13Sweden 12 456 8 959 482 2 187 365 1 313 1 369 - 5 242 3 496United Kingdom 1 550 1 490 - - 100 117 29 93 - 1 151 60

Other Western Europe 6 307 5 982 32 - 501 133 121 79 - 5 116 324Norway 1 237 1 025 32 - 469 133 103 55 - 234 212Switzerland 5 069 4 957 - - 32 - 18 25 - 4 882 112

North America 5 837 5 730 - - 193 417 628 821 1 448 2 222 107Canada 483 483 - - 27 76 - - - 379 -United States 5 354 5 247 - - 166 341 628 821 1 448 1 843 107

Other Developed Countries 278 278 - - 3 - - - - 276 -Australia 143 143 - - - - - - - 143 -Japan 95 95 - - - - - - - 95 -New Zealand 20 20 - - - - - - - 20 -South Africa 20 20 - - 3 - - - - 18 -

Developing economies 2 000 1 917 - - 61 77 - - 826 953 84Africa 19 19 - - - - - - - 19 -

North Africa 13 13 - - - - - - - 13 -Other Africa 6 6 - - - 3 - - - - 9 -

Latin America and the Caribbean 411 411 - - - 5 14 - - - 402 -South America 319 319 - - 6 12 - - - 301 -

Argentina 15 15 - - - - - - - 15 -Brazil 199 145 - - - 7 - - - 138 54Chile 19 19 - - - - - - - 19 -Venezuela 90 90 - - - - - - - 90 -

Other Latin America and Caribbean 92 92 - - - 11 2 - - - 101 -Mexico 93 93 - - - 1 2 - - - 91 -

Asia 1 571 1 487 - - 66 63 - - 826 532 84West Asia - 17 - 17 - - - - - - - - 17 -

Turkey - 33 - 33 - - - - - - - - 33 -South, East and South-East Asia 1 588 1 504 - - 66 63 - - 826 549 84

China 557 542 - - - 10 - - 255 277 15Hong Kong, China 77 71 - - - - - - - 71 6India 28 28 - - - - - - - 28 -Indonesia 11 11 - - - - - - - 11 -Malaysia 88 88 - - - - - - - 88 -Philippines 20 17 - - - - - - - 17 3Republic of Korea 402 402 - - - 26 - - - 376 -Singapore 234 221 - - - 12 - - - 209 13Thailand 80 74 - - - - - - - 74 7

Central and Eastern Europe 1 807 1 384 171 4 248 43 69 15 271 562 423Baltic countries 790 450 140 4 84 29 12 4 22 155 340

Estonia 539 269 97 4 20 29 12 4 22 81 270Latvia 95 58 12 - 21 - - - - 25 37Lithuania 157 124 32 - 43 - - - - 49 33

Czech Republic 59 58 - - 19 - - - - 39 1Hungary 338 337 - - 45 7 - - 249 36 1Poland 318 295 - - 23 6 52 7 - 207 23Romania 3 3 - - - - - - - 3 -Russian Federation 275 217 30 - 78 - 6 4 - 98 58Slovakia 23 23 - - - - - - - 23 -

Unspecified 8 656 2 18 12 - 78 108 138 178 5 465 -5 838 3 056/…


Table 16. FDI stocks abroad, by industry and geographical destination, 2002(concluded)

(Millions of Euros)


e

Tran

spor

t, st

orag

e an

d co

mm

unic

atio

ns

Tran

spor

t and

sto

rage

Fina

nce

Fina

ncia

l Int

erm

edia

tion

Mon

etar

y in

term

edia

tion

Busi

ness

act

iviti

es

Com

pute

r and

rela

ted

activ

ities

Oth

er b

usin

ess

activ

ities

Uns

peci

fied

Total world 604 2 479 824 8 088 8 088 7 271 2 177 270 1 971 5 132Developed countries 325 2 062 647 5 527 5 527 - 1 871 228 1 624 -

Western Europe 325 2 062 647 5 529 5 529 - 1 761 199 1 549 -European Union 182 2 062 647 5 529 5 529 - 1 580 199 1 382 -

Austria - - - - - - - - - -Belgium / Luxembourg - - - - - - - - - -Belgium - - - - - - - - - -Denmark 90 - - 2 487 2 487 - 40 - 32 -France - - - - - - 40 - 39 -Germany 18 253 - - - - 10 - 8 16 -Greece - - - - - - - - - -Ireland - - - - - - - - - -Italy - - - - - - 9 - 9 -Luxembourg - - - - - - - - - -Netherlands 3 - - 35 35 - 1 152 1 1 151 -Portugal - - - - - - - - - -Spain - - - - - - 13 - 13 -Sweden 59 185 151 2 957 2 957 - 295 195 100 -United Kingdom - 7 - - 52 52 - 15 - 3 18 -

Other Western Europe 143 - - - - - 181 - 167 -Norway 143 - - - - - 69 - 31 -Switzerland - - - - - - 112 - 136 -

North America - - - - 2 - 2 - 110 29 74 -Canada - - - - - - - - - -United States - - - - 2 - 2 - 110 29 74 -

Other Developed Countries - - - - - - - - - -Australia - - - - - - - - - -Japan - - - - - - - - - -New Zealand - - - - - - - - - -South Africa - - - - - - - - - -

Developing economies - - - - - - 84 - 83 -Africa - - - - - - - - - -

North Africa - - - - - - - - - -Other Africa - - - - - - - - - -

Latin America and the Caribbean - - - - - - - - - -South America - - - - - - - - - -

Argentina - - - - - - - - - -Brazil - - - - - - 54 - 54 -Chile - - - - - - - - - -Venezuela - - - - - - - - - -

Other Latin America and Caribbean - - - - - - - - - -Mexico - - - - - - - - - -

Asia - - - - - - 84 - 83 -West Asia - - - - - - - - - -

Turkey - - - - - - - - - -South, East and South-East Asia - - - - - - 84 - 83 -

China - - - - - - 15 - 15 -Hong Kong, China - - - - - - 6 - 6 -India - - - - - - - - - -Indonesia - - - - - - - - - -Malaysia - - - - - - - - - -Philippines - - - - - - 3 - 3 -Republic of Korea - - - - - - - - - -Singapore - - - - - - 13 - 13 -Thailand - - - - - - 7 - 7 -

Central and Eastern Europe 208 96 - 88 88 - 32 - 28 -Baltic countries 183 48 - 88 88 - 21 - 18 -

Estonia 153 48 - 56 56 - 13 - 12 -Latvia 27 - - 6 6 - 3 - 2 -Lithuania 3 - - 26 26 - 4 - 4 -

Czech Republic - - - - - - 1 - - -Hungary 1 - - - - - - - - -Poland 14 - - - - - 9 - 9 -Romania - - - - - - - - - -Russian Federation 10 48 - - - - 0 - 0 -Slovakia - - - - - - - - - -

Unspecified 71 320 177 2 473 2 473 7 271 191 41 237 5 132



Table 22a. The number of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by industry, 1994-2001

Sector/industry 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001Total 963 1 098 1 229 1 274 1 491 2 006 2 370 2 448

Primary 1 4 6 7 7 11 12 13Mining and quarrying 1 4 6 7 7 11 12 13

Mining of metal ores - 1 1 1 1 2 - 1Other mining and quarrying 1 3 5 6 6 9 12 12

Secondary 200 231 269 289 341 485 503 519Food, beverages and tobacco 11 14 12 12 14 34 34 32

Food products and beverages 10 12 11 11 13 34 34 32Tobacco products 1 2 1 1 1 - - -

Textiles, clothing and leather 8 8 8 9 13 17 15 18Textiles 4 5 4 3 8 9 7 6Clothing 2 1 2 4 4 6 6 10Leather and leather products 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2

Wood and wood products 6 7 8 13 19 46 45 27Manufacture of wood products, cork, etc 4 4 5 9 12 18 14 10Paper and paper products 2 3 3 4 7 28 31 17Publishing and printing 10 12 14 13 15 47 49 50

Coke, petroleum products and nuclear fuel 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2Chemicals and chemical products 22 24 31 46 43 55 60 61Rubber and plastic products 12 13 16 18 26 26 28 33Non-metallic mineral products 18 19 25 23 25 34 37 43Metal and metal products 23 33 38 41 46 48 50 57

Basic metals 9 8 7 7 10 8 8 12Fabricated metal products 14 25 31 34 36 40 42 45

Machinery and equipment 40 46 53 48 58 70 80 89Electrical and electronic equipment 26 30 35 34 41 57 48 50

Office, accounting and computing machinery 3 4 3 2 2 4 1 1Electrical machinery and apparatus 17 20 24 24 25 34 32 31Radio, television and communication apparatus 6 6 8 8 14 19 15 18

Precision instruments 9 11 12 13 13 22 24 27Motor vehicles and other transport equipment 6 4 6 7 11 12 15 15

Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers 3 1 2 2 2 3 4 4Other transport equipment 3 3 4 5 9 9 11 11

Other manufacturing 8 8 9 10 15 15 16 14Recycling - 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Tertiary 762 805 893 918 1 072 1 457 1 800 1 851Electricity, gas and water 1 4 4 6 10 46 57 54Construction 19 30 32 33 47 56 71 76Trade 563 573 629 623 708 764 893 893

Automotive trade and repair 25 31 47 45 42 42 48 47Wholesale trade 513 520 555 551 626 680 787 789Distributive trade 25 22 27 27 40 42 58 57

Hotels and restaurants 5 7 11 11 10 17 23 22Transport, storage and communications 54 53 66 72 78 120 146 146

Transport and storage 50 49 57 64 69 106 121 110Land transport including pipelines 14 13 13 16 16 20 29 22Water transport 1 2 2 3 3 11 11 8Air transport - - - - 1 1 1 1Supporting and auxilary transport activities 35 34 42 45 49 74 - -

Post and communications 4 4 9 8 9 14 25 36Finance - - - - - 91 111 116

Financial Intermediation - - - - - 50 58 58Insurance and pension funding - - - - - 3 5 5Activities auxiliary to financial intermediation - - - - - 38 48 53

Business activities 120 138 151 173 219 363 499 544Real estate 10 10 8 14 19 55 73 68Rental Activities 9 11 12 12 12 16 23 17Computer and related activities 41 37 40 42 50 74 122 151Research and development - 1 1 1 1 2 8 5Other business activities 60 79 90 104 137 216 273 303

Unspecified - 58 61 60 71 53 55 65

Source: Statistics Finland, unpublished dataNote: Data refer to the number of foreign affiliates in Finland


Table 22b. The number of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by industry, 1999-2001

Sector/industry 1999 2000 2001Total 1 623 1 934 2 030

Primary 8 9 9Mining and quarrying 8 9 9

Mining of metal ores 1 - - Other mining and quarrying 7 9 9

Secondary 367 386 413Food, beverages and tobacco 23 21 20

Food products and beverages 23 21 20Textiles, clothing and leather 14 12 15

Textiles 8 6 5Clothing 5 5 9Leather and leather products 1 1 1

Wood and wood products 22 24 25Manufacture of wood products, cork, etc. 13 11 10Paper and paper products 9 13 15

Publishing and printing 20 23 22Coke, petroleum products and nuclear fuel 1 1 1Chemicals and chemical products 49 48 52Rubber and plastic products 23 24 29Non-metallic mineral products 27 28 33Metal and metal products 44 48 52

Basic metals 6 8 11Fabricated metal products 38 40 41

Machinery and equipment 54 65 72Electrical and electronic equipment 45 43 43

Office, accounting and computing machinery 4 1 1Electrical machinery and apparatus 30 29 28Radio, television and communication apparatus 11 13 14

Precision instruments 19 22 25Motor vehicles and other transport equipment 11 12 10

Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers 2 3 2Other transport equipment 9 9 8

Other manufacturing 14 14 13Recycling 1 1 1

Tertiary 1 212 1 505 1 563Electricity, gas and water 24 24 21Construction 52 63 70Trade 709 828 837

Automotive trade and repair 39 46 45 Wholesale trade 630 728 738Distributive trade 40 54 54

Hotels and restaurants 13 16 15Transport, storage and communications 95 118 124

Transport and storage 83 99 96Land transport including pipelines 18 26 21Water transport 9 11 8Air transport 1 1 1Supporting and auxilary transport activities 55 - -

Post and communications 12 19 28Finance 44 70 70

Financial Intermediation 29 39 35Insurance and pension funding 1 4 5Activities auxiliary to financial intermediation 14 27 30

Business activities 275 386 426Real estate 28 46 51Rental Activities 13 21 16Computer and related activities 69 102 118Research and development 1 3 5Other business activities 164 214 236

Unspecified 36 34 45

Source: Statistics Finland, unpublished data.Note: Data refer to the number of majority-owned foreign affiliates in Finland.


Table 22c. The number of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by industry and geographical origin, 2001

Sector/industry / Region/economy TOTA

L W

OR

LD

Dev

elop

ed C

ount

ries

Wes

tern

Eur

ope

Euro

pean

Uni

on

Aus

tria

Bel

gium

Luxe

mbo

urg

Den

mar

k

Fran

ce

Ger

man

y

Gre

ece

Irela

nd

Italy

Net

herla

nds

Spa

in

Sw

eden

Total 2 448 2 401 2 026 1 805 12 51 39 184 78 206 1 28 20 183 7 809Primary 13 13 12 11 - 1 - - - 1 - 6 1 1 - 1

Mining of metal ores 1 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Other mining and quarrying 12 12 12 11 - 1 - - - 1 - 6 1 1 - 1

Secondary 519 510 425 360 7 4 7 42 23 39 - 11 5 36 2 142Food products and beverages 32 32 31 29 - - - 6 - 2 - - - 2 - 18Textiles, clothing and leather 18 18 15 14 - - - 7 1 - - - - 1 - 5

Textiles 6 6 4 3 - - - - 1 - - - - 1 - 1Clothing 10 10 9 9 - - - 7 - - - - - - - 2Leather and leather products 2 2 2 2 - - - - - - - - - - - 2

Wood and wood products 27 27 21 17 2 - - 4 - - - - - - - 102020 Manufacture of wood products, cork, etc. 10 10 7 6 1 - - 3 - - - - - - - 1Paper and paper products 17 17 14 11 1 - - 1 - - - - - - - 9

Publishing and printing 50 50 46 43 - - 3 5 - 2 - - - - - 31Coke, petroleum products and nuclear fuel 2 2 2 1 - - - - - - - - - 1 - -Chemicals and chemical products 61 60 44 36 - - 2 3 5 7 - - - 7 - 11Rubber and plastic products 33 33 29 27 - 2 1 4 - 5 - - - 5 - 8Non-metallic mineral products 43 43 41 39 1 - - 3 4 8 - 11 1 - - 4Metal and metal products 57 54 42 38 - - - 2 1 1 - - - 4 - 25

Basic metals 12 12 10 10 - - - - - - - - - 2 - 5Fabricated metal products 45 42 32 28 - - - 2 1 1 - - - 2 - 20

Machinery and equipment 89 89 77 58 4 - - 2 4 6 - - 4 7 1 13Electrical and electronic equipment 50 45 36 22 - 2 - 3 4 4 - - - 4 - 2

Office, accounting and computing machinery 1 1 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - -Radio, television and communication apparatu 18 14 7 5 - 2 - 1 1 - - - - - - -

Precision instruments 27 27 14 14 - - - 2 1 2 - - - 1 - 6Motor vehicles and other transport equipment 15 15 15 11 - - 1 1 3 1 - - - 3 1 1

Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers 4 4 4 4 - - - - - 1 - - - 2 - 1Other transport equipment 11 11 11 7 - - 1 1 3 - - - - 1 1 -

Other manufacturing 14 14 11 10 - - - - - 1 - - - 1 - 7Recycling 1 1 1 1 - - - - - - - - - - - 1

Tertiary 1 851 1 813 1 528 1 378 5 46 20 140 54 164 1 10 14 142 5 641Electricity, gas and water 54 50 46 46 - - 1 1 - - - - - - - 44Construction 76 75 74 68 - 1 1 10 2 2 - 3 - 2 1 44Trade 893 874 729 648 5 6 10 76 26 99 - 2 10 74 - 296

Automotive trade and repair 47 41 29 28 - 1 - 1 1 6 - - 1 4 - 12 Wholesale trade 789 776 646 572 4 5 10 66 22 91 - 2 9 64 - 259Distributive trade 57 57 54 48 1 - - 9 3 2 - - - 6 - 25

Hotels and restaurants 22 22 21 20 - - - 1 1 1 - - - 1 1 12Transport, storage and communications 146 138 125 115 - 4 1 18 8 25 1 1 2 16 1 30

Transport and storage 110 102 92 84 - 1 1 17 6 25 1 1 1 10 1 14Land transport including pipelines 22 20 20 19 - - - 2 6 4 - - - 3 - 4Water transport 8 8 7 7 - - - - - 2 1 - - - - -Air transport 1 1 1 1 - - - - - - - - - - - 1Supporting and auxilary transport activities 79 73 64 57 - 1 1 15 - 19 - 1 1 7 1 9

Post and communications 36 36 33 31 - 3 - 1 2 - - - 1 6 - 16Finance 116 112 105 95 - 4 3 6 5 7 - - - 6 1 52

Financial Intermediation 58 57 52 46 - 3 1 1 4 5 - - - 3 - 25Insurance and Pension Funding 5 4 4 4 - - - - 1 - - - - - - 3Activities Auxiliary to Financial Intermediation 53 51 49 45 - 1 2 5 - 2 - - - 3 1 24

Business activities 544 542 428 386 - 31 4 28 12 30 - 4 2 43 1 163Real estate 68 68 61 56 - - - 5 - 12 - 1 - 5 - 31Rental Activities 17 17 14 13 - - - 1 - 2 - - - 5 - 4Computer and related activities 151 150 102 95 - 5 1 5 3 6 - - 1 10 1 56Research and development 5 5 4 4 - - - - - 1 - - - 1 - 1Other business activities 303 302 247 218 - 26 3 17 9 9 - 3 1 22 - 71

Unspecified 65 65 61 56 - - 12 2 1 2 - 1 - 4 - 25/…


Table 22c. The number of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by industry and geographical origin, 2001 (continued)

Sector/industry / Region/economy Uni

ted

Kin

gdom

Oth

er W

este

rn

Euro

pe

Gib

ralta

r

Gue

rnse

y

Icel

and

Jers

ey

Liec

hten

stei

n

Nor

way

Sw

itzer

land

Nor

th A

mer

ica

Can

ada

Uni

ted

Sta

tes

Oth

er D

evel

oped

C

ount

ries

Aus

tralia

Isra

el

Japa

n

Dev

elop

ing

Cou

ntrie

s

Latin

Am

eric

a an

d th

e C

arib

bean

Total 187 221 1 4 1 2 5 108 100 330 7 323 45 1 1 43 17 2Primary - 1 - - - - - - 1 1 1 - - - - - - -

Mining of metal ores - - - - - - - - - 1 1 - - - - - - -Other mining and quarrying - 1 - - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - - -

Secondary 42 65 - 2 - 2 - 33 28 78 3 75 7 1 - 6 8 -Food products and beverages 1 2 - - - - - 2 - 1 - 1 - - - - - -Textiles, clothing and leather - 1 - - - - - 1 - 3 - 3 - - - - - -

Textiles - 1 - - - - - 1 - 2 - 2 - - - - - -Clothing - - - - - - - - - 1 - 1 - - - - - -Leather and leather products - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Wood and wood products 1 4 - - - - - 4 - 2 - 2 4 - - 4 - -2020 Manufacture of wood products, cork, etc. 1 1 - - - - - 1 - 1 - 1 2 - - 2 - -Paper and paper products - 3 - - - - - 3 - 1 - 1 2 - - 2 - -

Publishing and printing 2 3 - - - - - 3 - 4 1 3 - - - - - -Coke, petroleum products and nuclear fuel - 1 - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - - - -Chemicals and chemical products 1 8 - 2 - - - 4 2 15 - 15 1 - - 1 1 -Rubber and plastic products 2 2 - - - - - 2 - 3 - 3 1 1 - - - -Non-metallic mineral products 7 2 - - - - - 2 - 2 - 2 - - - - - -Metal and metal products 5 4 - - - 1 - 1 2 12 - 12 - - - - 3 -

Basic metals 3 - - - - - - - - 2 - 2 - - - - - -Fabricated metal products 2 4 - - - 1 - 1 2 10 - 10 - - - - 3 -

Machinery and equipment 17 19 - - - 1 - 4 14 11 1 10 1 - - 1 - -Electrical and electronic equipment 3 14 - - - - - 4 10 9 - 9 - - - - 4 -

Office, accounting and computing machinery - 1 - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - - - -Radio, television and communication apparatu 1 2 - - - - - 1 1 7 - 7 - - - - 4 -

Precision instruments 2 - - - - - - - - 13 - 13 - - - - - -Motor vehicles and other transport equipment - 4 - - - - - 4 - - - - - - - - - -

Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Other transport equipment - 4 - - - - - 4 - - - - - - - - - -

Other manufacturing 1 1 - - - - - 1 - 3 1 2 - - - - - -Recycling - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Tertiary 136 150 1 2 1 - 5 72 69 247 3 244 38 - 1 37 9 2Electricity, gas and water - - - - - - - - - 4 - 4 - - - - - -Construction 2 6 - - - - - 1 5 1 - 1 - - - - - -Trade 44 81 - - - - 2 40 39 120 2 118 25 - - 25 3 -

Automotive trade and repair 2 1 - - - - - - 1 8 - 8 4 - - 4 - - Wholesale trade 40 74 - - - - 2 36 36 109 2 107 21 - - 21 3 -Distributive trade 2 6 - - - - - 4 2 3 - 3 - - - - - -

Hotels and restaurants 3 1 - - - - - - 1 1 - 1 - - - - - -Transport, storage and communications 8 10 1 - - - 1 3 5 10 - 10 3 - 1 2 4 1

Transport and storage 6 8 1 - - - 1 1 5 8 - 8 2 - - 2 4 1Land transport including pipelines - 1 - - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - 1 -Water transport 4 - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - - 1 - -Air transport - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Supporting and auxilary transport activities 2 7 1 - - - 1 1 4 8 - 8 1 - - 1 3 1

Post and communications 2 2 - - - - - 2 - 2 - 2 1 - 1 - - -Finance 11 10 - - 1 - - 4 5 7 - 7 - - - - 1 -

Financial Intermediation 4 6 - - - - - 2 4 5 - 5 - - - - 1 -Insurance and Pension Funding - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Activities Auxiliary to Financial Intermediation 7 4 - - 1 - - 2 1 2 - 2 - - - - - -

Business activities 68 42 - 2 - - 2 24 14 104 1 103 10 - - 10 1 1Real estate 2 5 - - - - 2 3 - 7 - 7 - - - - - -Rental Activities 1 1 - - - - - - 1 3 - 3 - - - - - -Computer and related activities 7 7 - - - - - 5 2 40 1 39 8 - - 8 1 1Research and development 1 - - - - - - - - 1 - 1 - - - - - -Other business activities 57 29 - 2 - - - 16 11 53 - 53 2 - - 2 - -

Unspecified 9 5 - - - - - 3 2 4 - 4 - - - - - -/…


Table 22c. The number of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by industry and geographical origin, 2001 (concluded)

Sector/industry / Region/economy Brit

ish

Virg

in Is

land

s

Pan

ama

Asi

a

Wes

t Asi

a

Cyp

rus

Turk

ey

Sout

h, E

ast a

nd

Sout

h-Ea

st A

sia

Chi

na

Indo

nesi

a

Mal

aysi

a

Pak

ista

n

Sin

gapo

re

Taiw

an P

rovi

nce

of

Chi

na

Cen

tral

and

Eas

tern

Eu

rope

Cze

ch R

epub

lic

Est

onia

Pol

and

Rus

sian

Fed

erat

ion

Total 1 1 14 2 1 1 12 2 1 1 1 6 1 30 1 3 1 25Primary - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Mining of metal ores - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Other mining and quarrying - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Secondary - - 8 - - - 8 - 1 1 - 6 - 1 - 1 - -Food products and beverages - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Textiles, clothing and leather - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Textiles - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Clothing - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Leather and leather products - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Wood and wood products - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -2020 Manufacture of wood products, cork, etc. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Paper and paper products - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Publishing and printing - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Coke, petroleum products and nuclear fuel - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Chemicals and chemical products - - 1 - - - 1 - 1 - - - - - - - - -Rubber and plastic products - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Non-metallic mineral products - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Metal and metal products - - 3 - - - 3 - - - - 3 - - - - - -

Basic metals - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Fabricated metal products - - 3 - - - 3 - - - - 3 - - - - - -

Machinery and equipment - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Electrical and electronic equipment - - 4 - - - 4 - - 1 - 3 - 1 - 1 - -

Office, accounting and computing machinery - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Radio, television and communication apparatu - - 4 - - - 4 - - 1 - 3 - - - - - -

Precision instruments - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Motor vehicles and other transport equipment - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Other transport equipment - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Other manufacturing - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Recycling - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Tertiary 1 1 6 2 1 1 4 2 - - 1 - 1 29 1 2 1 25Electricity, gas and water - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4 - - - 4Construction - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - 1 - -Trade - - 3 1 - 1 2 1 - - - - 1 16 1 - 1 14

Automotive trade and repair - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6 - - - 6 Wholesale trade - - 3 1 - 1 2 1 - - - - 1 10 1 - 1 8Distributive trade - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Hotels and restaurants - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Transport, storage and communications - 1 2 1 1 - 1 1 - - - - - 4 - 1 - 3

Transport and storage - 1 2 1 1 - 1 1 - - - - - 4 - 1 - 3Land transport including pipelines - - 1 1 1 - - - - - - - - 1 - - - 1Water transport - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Air transport - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Supporting and auxilary transport activities - 1 1 - - - 1 1 - - - - - 3 - 1 - 2

Post and communications - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Finance - - 1 - - - 1 - - - 1 - - 3 - - - 3

Financial Intermediation - - 1 - - - 1 - - - 1 - - - - - - -Insurance and Pension Funding - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - - - 1Activities Auxiliary to Financial Intermediation - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2 - - - 2

Business activities 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - - - 1Real estate - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Rental Activities - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Computer and related activities 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Research and development - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Other business activities - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - - - 1

Unspecified - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Source: Statistics Finland, unpublished data.Note: Data refer to the number of foreign affiliates in Finland


Table 22d. The number of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by industry and geographical origin, 2001


L W

OR

LD

Dev

elop

ed

Cou

ntrie

s

Wes

tern

Eur

ope

Euro

pean

Uni

on

Aus

tria

Bel

gium

Luxe

mbo

urg

Den

mar

k

Fran

ce

Ger

man

y

Gre

ece

Irela

nd

Italy

Net

herla

nds

Spa

in

Sw

eden

Total 2 030 1 996 1 660 1 467 10 10 31 169 68 171 1 24 18 155 7 639Primary 9 9 9 8 - 1 - - - - - 5 1 - - 1

Mining and quarrying 9 9 9 8 - 1 - - - - - 5 1 - - 1Other mining and quarrying 9 9 9 8 - 1 - - - - - 5 1 - - 1

Secondary 413 405 325 267 7 2 7 38 19 23 - 10 4 22 2 99Food, beverages and tobacco 20 20 19 18 - - - 5 - 2 - - - 1 - 9Textiles, clothing and leather 15 15 14 13 - - - 7 1 - - - - 1 - 4

Textiles 5 5 4 3 - - - - 1 - - - - 1 - 1Clothing 9 9 9 9 - - - 7 - - - - - - - 2Leather and leather products 1 1 1 1 - - - - - - - - - - - 1

Wood and wood products 25 25 20 16 2 - - 4 - - - - - - - 9Manufacture of wood products, cork, etc. 10 10 7 6 1 - - 3 - - - - - - - 1Paper and paper products 15 15 13 10 1 - - 1 - - - - - - - 8

Publishing and printing 22 22 18 15 - - 3 3 - 2 - - - - - 5Coke, petroleum products and nuclear fuel 1 1 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - Chemicals and chemical products 52 51 36 28 - - 2 3 2 3 - - - 7 - 11Rubber and plastic products 29 29 25 23 - 2 1 4 - 5 - - - 2 - 7Non-metallic mineral products 33 33 31 29 1 - - 3 4 3 - 10 1 - - 1Metal and metal products 52 49 38 35 - - - 2 1 1 - - - 3 - 24

Basic metals 11 11 9 9 - - - - - - - - - 2 - 5Fabricated metal products 41 38 29 26 - - - 2 1 1 - - - 1 - 19

Machinery and equipment 72 72 60 44 4 - - 2 4 3 - - 3 2 1 13Electrical and electronic equipment 43 39 30 17 - - - 3 3 2 - - - 4 - 2

Office, accounting and computing machinery 1 1 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - Radio, television and communication apparatus 14 10 3 2 - - - 1 - - - - - - - -

Precision instruments 25 25 12 12 - - - 2 1 1 - - - 1 - 5Motor vehicles and other transport equipment 10 10 10 7 - - 1 - 3 - - - - 1 1 1

Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers 2 2 2 2 - - - - - - - - - 1 - 1Other transport equipment 8 8 8 5 - - 1 - 3 - - - - - 1 -

Other manufacturing 13 13 10 9 - - - - - 1 - - - - - 7Recycling 1 1 1 1 - - - - - - - - - - - 1

Tertiary 1 563 1 537 1 283 1 154 3 7 14 129 48 147 1 8 13 129 5 529Electricity, gas and water 21 21 20 20 - - - - - - - - - - - 20Construction 70 69 68 63 - - 1 9 2 2 - 3 - 2 1 41Trade 837 821 680 607 3 5 10 70 24 91 - 1 9 71 - 279

Automotive trade and repair 45 39 27 26 - 1 - 1 - 6 - - 1 4 - 11 Wholesale trade 738 728 601 535 2 4 10 61 21 83 - 1 8 61 - 244Distributive trade 54 54 52 46 1 - - 8 3 2 - - - 6 - 24

Hotels and restaurants 15 15 14 13 - - - 1 1 - - - - - 1 7Transport, storage and communications 124 118 106 98 - - - 17 7 24 1 - 2 14 1 24

Transport and storage 96 90 81 75 - - - 16 6 24 1 - 1 8 1 12Land transport including pipelines 21 20 20 19 - - - 2 6 4 - - - 3 - 4Water transport 8 8 7 7 - - - - - 2 1 - - - - - Air transport 1 1 1 1 - - - - - - - - - - - 1Supporting and auxilary transport activities 66 61 53 48 - - - 14 - 18 - - 1 5 1 7

Post and communications 28 28 25 23 - - - 1 1 - - - 1 6 - 12Finance 70 68 61 54 - - - 4 5 6 - - - 4 1 25

Financial Intermediation 35 34 29 26 - - - 1 4 4 - - - 1 - 12Insurance and Pension Funding 5 4 4 4 - - - - 1 - - - - - - 3Activities Auxiliary to Financial Intermediation 30 30 28 24 - - - 3 - 2 - - - 3 1 10

Business activities 426 425 334 299 - 2 3 28 9 24 - 4 2 38 1 133Real estate 51 51 47 43 - - - 5 - 10 - 1 - 3 - 22Rental Activities 16 16 13 12 - - - 1 - 2 - - - 5 - 4Computer and related activities 118 118 84 79 - - 1 5 2 5 - - 1 9 1 50Research and development 5 5 4 4 - - - - - 1 - - - 1 - 1Other business activities 236 235 186 161 - 2 2 17 7 6 - 3 1 20 - 56

Unspecified 45 45 43 38 - - 10 2 1 1 - 1 - 4 - 10

/…


Table 22d. The number of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by industry and geographical origin, 2001 (continued)


ted

Kin

gdom

Oth

er W

este

rn E

urop

e

Gue

rnse

y

Icel

and

Liec

hten

stei

n

Nor

way

Sw

itzer

land

Nor

th A

mer

ica

Can

ada

Uni

ted

Sta

tes

Oth

er D

evel

oped

C

ount

ries

Aus

tralia

Isra

el

Japa

n

Dev

elop

ing

Cou

ntrie

s

Latin

Am

eric

a an

d th

e C

arib

bean

Total 164 193 3 1 4 99 86 296 6 290 40 1 1 38 14 1Primary - 1 - - - - 1 - - - - - - - - -

Mining and quarrying - 1 - - - - 1 - - - - - - - - - Other mining and quarrying - 1 - - - - 1 - - - - - - - - -

Secondary 34 58 2 - - 30 26 74 3 71 6 1 - 5 8 - Food, beverages and tobacco 1 1 - - - 1 - 1 - 1 - - - - - - Textiles, clothing and leather - 1 - - - 1 - 1 - 1 - - - - - -

Textiles - 1 - - - 1 - 1 - 1 - - - - - - Clothing - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Leather and leather products - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Wood and wood products 1 4 - - - 4 - 2 - 2 3 - - 3 - - Manufacture of wood products, cork, etc. 1 1 - - - 1 - 1 - 1 2 - - 2 - - Paper and paper products - 3 - - - 3 - 1 - 1 1 - - 1 - -

Publishing and printing 2 3 - - - 3 - 4 1 3 - - - - - - Coke, petroleum products and nuclear fuel - 1 - - - 1 - - - - - - - - - - Chemicals and chemical products - 8 2 - - 4 2 14 - 14 1 - - 1 1 - Rubber and plastic products 2 2 - - - 2 - 3 - 3 1 1 - - - - Non-metallic mineral products 6 2 - - - 2 - 2 - 2 - - - - - - Metal and metal products 4 3 - - - 1 2 11 - 11 - - - - 3 -

Basic metals 2 - - - - - - 2 - 2 - - - - - - Fabricated metal products 2 3 - - - 1 2 9 - 9 - - - - 3 -

Machinery and equipment 12 16 - - - 3 13 11 1 10 1 - - 1 - - Electrical and electronic equipment 3 13 - - - 4 9 9 - 9 - - - - 4 -

Office, accounting and computing machinery - 1 - - - 1 - - - - - - - - - - Radio, television and communication apparatus 1 1 - - - 1 - 7 - 7 - - - - 4 -

Precision instruments 2 - - - - - - 13 - 13 - - - - - - Motor vehicles and other transport equipment - 3 - - - 3 - - - - - - - - - -

Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Other transport equipment - 3 - - - 3 - - - - - - - - - -

Other manufacturing 1 1 - - - 1 - 3 1 2 - - - - - - Recycling - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Tertiary 121 129 1 1 4 66 57 220 3 217 34 - 1 33 6 1Electricity, gas and water - - - - - - - 1 - 1 - - - - - - Construction 2 5 - - - 1 4 1 - 1 - - - - - - Trade 44 73 - - 2 38 33 117 2 115 24 - - 24 3 -

Automotive trade and repair 2 1 - - - - 1 8 - 8 4 - - 4 - - Wholesale trade 40 66 - - 2 34 30 107 2 105 20 - - 20 3 - Distributive trade 2 6 - - - 4 2 2 - 2 - - - - - -

Hotels and restaurants 3 1 - - - - 1 1 - 1 - - - - - - Transport, storage and communications 8 8 - - 1 3 4 10 - 10 2 - 1 1 2 1

Transport and storage 6 6 - - 1 1 4 8 - 8 1 - - 1 2 1Land transport including pipelines - 1 - - - - 1 - - - - - - - - - Water transport 4 - - - - - - - - - 1 - - 1 - - Air transport - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Supporting and auxilary transport activities 2 5 - - 1 1 3 8 - 8 - - - - 2 1

Post and communications 2 2 - - - 2 - 2 - 2 1 - 1 - - - Finance 9 7 - 1 - 2 4 7 - 7 - - - - 1 -

Financial Intermediation 4 3 - - - - 3 5 - 5 - - - - 1 - Insurance and Pension Funding - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Activities Auxiliary to Financial Intermediation 5 4 - 1 - 2 1 2 - 2 - - - - - -

Business activities 55 35 1 - 1 22 11 83 1 82 8 - - 8 - - Real estate 2 4 - - 1 3 - 4 - 4 - - - - - - Rental Activities - 1 - - - - 1 3 - 3 - - - - - - Computer and related activities 5 5 - - - 4 1 28 1 27 6 - - 6 - - Research and development 1 - - - - - - 1 - 1 - - - - - - Other business activities 47 25 1 - - 15 9 47 - 47 2 - - 2 - -

Unspecified 9 5 - - - 3 2 2 - 2 - - - - - -

/…


Table 22d. The number of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by industry and geographical origin, 2001 (concluded)

Sector/industry / Region/economy Pan

ama

Dev

elop

ing

Euro

pe

Mal

ta

Asi

a

Wes

t Asi

a

Turk

ey

Sout

h, E

ast a

nd S

outh

-Ea

st A

sia

Chi

na

Indo

nesi

a

Mal

aysi

a

Pak

ista

n

Sin

gapo

re

Taiw

an P

rovi

nce

of

Chi

na

Cen

tral

and

Eas

tern

Eu

rope

Cze

ch R

epub

lic

Est

onia

Rus

sian

Fed

erat

ion

Total 1 1 1 12 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 6 1 20 1 2 17Primary - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Mining and quarrying - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Other mining and quarrying - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Secondary - - - 8 - - 8 - 1 1 - 6 - - - - - Food, beverages and tobacco - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Textiles, clothing and leather - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Textiles - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Clothing - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Leather and leather products - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Wood and wood products - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Manufacture of wood products, cork, etc. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Paper and paper products - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Publishing and printing - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Coke, petroleum products and nuclear fuel - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Chemicals and chemical products - - - 1 - - 1 - 1 - - - - - - - - Rubber and plastic products - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Non-metallic mineral products - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Metal and metal products - - - 3 - - 3 - - - - 3 - - - - -

Basic metals - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Fabricated metal products - - - 3 - - 3 - - - - 3 - - - - -

Machinery and equipment - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Electrical and electronic equipment - - - 4 - - 4 - - 1 - 3 - - - - -

Office, accounting and computing machinery - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Radio, television and communication apparatus - - - 4 - - 4 - - 1 - 3 - - - - -

Precision instruments - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Motor vehicles and other transport equipment - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Other transport equipment - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Other manufacturing - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Recycling - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Tertiary 1 1 1 4 1 1 3 1 - - 1 - 1 20 1 2 17Electricity, gas and water - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Construction - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - 1 - Trade - - - 3 1 1 2 1 - - - - 1 13 1 - 12

Automotive trade and repair - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6 - - 6 Wholesale trade - - - 3 1 1 2 1 - - - - 1 7 1 - 6Distributive trade - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Hotels and restaurants - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Transport, storage and communications 1 1 1 - - - - - - - - - - 4 - 1 3

Transport and storage 1 1 1 - - - - - - - - - - 4 - 1 3Land transport including pipelines - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - - 1Water transport - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Air transport - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Supporting and auxilary transport activities 1 1 1 - - - - - - - - - - 3 - 1 2

Post and communications - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Finance - - - 1 - - 1 - - - 1 - - 1 - - 1

Financial Intermediation - - - 1 - - 1 - - - 1 - - - - - - Insurance and Pension Funding - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - - 1Activities Auxiliary to Financial Intermediation - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Business activities - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - - 1Real estate - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Rental Activities - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Computer and related activities - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Research and development - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Other business activities - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - - 1

Unspecified - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -



Table 23a. The number of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by geographical origin, 1995-2001

Region/economy 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001Total world 1 098 1 229 1 274 1 491 2 006 2 370 2 448

Developed countries 1 018 1 046 1 097 1 269 1 966 2 318 2 401Western Europe 864 859 888 1 028 1 658 1 954 2 026

European Union 737 735 763 882 1 462 1 739 1 805Austria 3 4 4 4 10 8 12Belgium 5 3 6 6 29 37 51Denmark 96 95 97 113 163 182 184France 26 29 36 44 60 77 78Germany 86 85 94 112 145 189 206Ireland - - - - 14 21 28Italy 10 11 10 10 13 17 20Luxembourg 2 3 4 3 41 46 39Netherlands 96 76 83 87 161 182 183Portugal 1 1 - - - - - Spain 1 1 1 1 3 7 7Sweden 359 371 373 432 695 824 809United Kingdom 52 56 55 70 128 148 187

Other Western Europe 127 124 125 146 196 215 221Gibraltar - - - - 3 3 1Guernsey - - - - 2 1 4Liechtenstein 1 2 2 2 4 4 5Norway 45 41 43 65 91 108 108Switzerland 81 81 80 79 96 98 100

North America 144 158 178 210 272 325 330Canada 2 3 4 3 5 8 7United States 142 155 174 207 267 317 323

Other developed countries 10 29 31 31 36 39 45Australia 1 2 2 2 1 1 1Israel - 1 - - - - 1Japan 7 24 28 29 35 38 43South Africa 2 2 1 - - - -

Developing economies 3 6 7 10 11 17 17Latin America and the Caribbean 1 2 3 4 3 5 2

Other Latin America and Caribbean 1 2 3 4 3 5 2Bermuda - - - - 1 2 - British Virgin Islands 1 2 2 3 - 1 1Costa Rica - - 1 1 - - - Panama - - - - 1 1 1Virgin Islands - - - - 1 - -

Developing Europe - - - 1 1 1 1Malta - - - 1 1 1 1

Asia 2 4 4 5 7 11 14West Asia 1 1 1 1 2 3 2

Cyprus - - - - 1 1 1Turkey 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

South, East and South-East Asia 1 3 3 4 5 8 12China - - - 1 1 2 2Hong Kong, China - - - - 1 - - Indonesia - - - - 1 - 1Malaysia 1 1 1 1 1 1 1Republic of Korea - 1 1 1 - - - Singapore - - 1 1 1 5 6Taiwan Province of China - 1 - - - - 1

Central and Eastern Europe 20 20 19 21 29 35 30Czech Republic 1 1 - - 1 1 1Estonia - 1 1 2 3 5 3Poland - - - - 1 1 1Russian Federation 19 18 18 19 24 28 25

Unspecified 57 157 151 191 - - - Source: Statistics Finland, unpublished data.Note: Data refer to the number of foreign affiliates in Finland.


Table 23b. The number of affiliates of foreign TNCsin the host economy, by geographical origin, 1999-2001

Region/economy 1999 2000 2001Total world 1 623 1 934 2 030

Developed countries 1 591 1 893 1 996Western Europe 1 302 1 551 1 660

European Union 1 134 1 364 1 467Austria 7 5 10Belgium 5 9 10Denmark 143 167 169France 55 69 68Germany 117 152 171Ireland 11 18 24Italy 11 15 18Luxembourg 26 28 31Netherlands 143 163 155Spain 3 6 7Sweden 501 607 639United Kingdom 112 124 164

Other Western Europe 168 187 193Liechtenstein 3 3 4Norway 79 97 99Switzerland 86 86 86

North America 257 309 296Canada 3 7 6United States 254 302 290

Other developed countries 32 33 40Australia 1 1 1Japan 31 32 38

Developing economies 10 15 14Latin America and the Caribbean 3 5 1

Other Latin America and Caribbean 3 5 1Bermuda 1 2 - Panama 1 1 1Virgin Islands 1 - -

Developing Europe 1 1 1Malta 1 1 1

Asia 6 9 12West Asia 1 2 1

Turkey 1 1 1South, East and South-East Asia 5 7 11

China 1 1 1Hong Kong, China 1 - - Indonesia 1 - 1Malaysia 1 1 1Singapore 1 5 6

Central and Eastern Europe 22 26 20Czech Republic 1 1 1Estonia 1 3 2Russian Federation 20 22 17



Table 29a. Assets of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by industry, 1994-2001

(Millions of Euros)

Sector/industry 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001Total 9 389 13 058 15 042 17 348 20 333 67 621 71 423 54 702

Primary - 125 - - - 158 161 160Mining and quarrying - 125 - - - 158 161 160

Secondary 4 972 5 830 7 171 7 683 9 763 39 060 46 928 31 870Food, beverages and tobacco 215 227 257 460 647 5 032 3 489 3 147Textiles, clothing and leather 45 48 44 43 102 166 180 214

Textiles 45 48 44 43 102 137 145 124Clothing - - - - - 29 35 90

Wood and wood products 43 220 165 251 368 16 734 20 670 864Manufacture of wood products, cork, etc. 43 48 - 103 122 573 550 101Paper and paper products - 172 165 148 246 16 161 20 120 763

Publishing and printing 37 44 55 74 97 828 831 1 044Chemicals and chemical products 744 709 1 101 1 897 1 965 3 833 4 793 5 150Rubber and plastic products 99 111 134 149 191 490 2 355 2 460Non-metallic mineral products 595 459 611 674 688 1 126 1 352 2 184Metal and metal products 129 408 514 588 595 794 1 452 4 476

Basic metals - - - - - 53 376 3 359Fabricated metal products 129 408 514 588 595 741 1 076 1 117

Machinery and equipment 689 769 851 1 166 1 419 3 932 5 067 5 672Electrical and electronic equipment 1 388 1 418 2 085 2 021 2 294 3 919 4 193 3 809

Office, accounting and computing machinery 221 - 263 - - 128 - -Electrical machinery and apparatus 975 1 282 1 554 1 580 1 642 2 168 2 303 2 305Radio, television and communication apparatus 192 137 268 441 652 1 622 1 890 1 504

Precision instruments 124 154 190 225 - 581 639 704Motor vehicles and other transport equipment 840 1 197 1 026 - 1 227 1 365 1 614 1 788

Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers 30 - - - - 95 74 154Other transport equipment 810 1 197 1 026 - 1 227 1 270 1 540 1 634

Other manufacturing 23 65 139 135 169 187 209 253Unspecified secondary - - - - - 73 84 105

Tertiary 4 417 5 850 6 777 7 665 8 913 27 998 23 999 22 285Electricity, gas and water - 444 404 - - 1 701 2 526 2 542Construction - 424 342 425 675 906 1 418 1 575Trade 3 410 3 747 4 639 5 082 5 775 8 015 9 323 9 345

Automotive trade and repair 374 482 788 828 969 1 081 1 182 1 218Wholesale trade 2 967 3 193 3 774 4 145 4 632 6 609 7 599 7 516Distributive trade 69 73 77 109 174 326 543 610

Hotels and restaurants - - 76 - 240 201 265 255Transport, storage and communications 172 157 292 759 846 1 587 2 255 2 449

Transport and storage 172 143 247 705 738 1 097 1 794 1 559Land transport including pipelines - - - 232 247 .. 227 216Water transport - - - 198 181 683 1 045 883Supporting and auxilary transport activities 172 143 247 275 310 414 522 460

Post and communications - 13 45 55 109 166 443 861Business activities 835 1 078 1 023 1 398 1 376 15 588 8 212 6 119Real estate 150 199 32 49 53 3 359 3 152 1 815

Rental Activities 20 231 302 305 352 .. 617 614Computer and related activities 252 247 274 319 355 510 1 021 727Research and development - - - - - .. 39 13Other business activities 413 401 415 725 615 11 286 3 383 2 951

Unspecified - 1 253 1 094 2 001 1 657 406 335 387

Source: Statistics Finland, unpublished data.Note: Data refer to the assets of foreign affiliates in Finland.


Table 29b. Assets of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by industry, 1999-2001

(Millions of Euros)



Secondary 16 147 17 190 21 448Food, beverages and tobacco 2 318 2 169 1 776Textiles, clothing and leather 110 122 140

Textiles 80 88 84Clothing 29 34 56


Publishing and printing 182 195 202Chemicals and chemical products 3 801 3 200 5 049Rubber and plastic products 237 247 278Non-metallic mineral products 754 873 1 674Metal and metal products 729 1 414 2 991

Basic metals 36 376 1 920Fabricated metal products 694 1 038 1 071

Machinery and equipment 1 626 2 013 2 665Electrical and electronic equipment 3 792 4 057 3 656

Office, accounting and computing machinery 128 - - Electrical machinery and apparatus 2 088 2 199 2 207Radio, television and communication apparatus 1 575 1 858 1 449

Precision instruments 572 632 698Motor vehicles and other transport equipment 1 270 1 605 1 541

Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers .. 71 - Other transport equipment 1 270 1 534 1 541

Other manufacturing 105 109 104Unspecified secondary 165 86 191

Tertiary 12 848 18 528 17 655Electricity, gas and water 1 352 2 069 2 026Construction 894 1 394 1 515Trade 6 357 7 364 7 576

Automotive trade and repair 1 039 1 148 1 200 Wholesale trade 5 118 5 813 5 775Distributive trade 200 403 601

Hotels and restaurants 187 198 184Transport, storage and communications 1 465 2 012 2 146

Transport and storage 1 002 1 635 1 512Land transport including pipelines .. 209 213Water transport 655 1 045 883Supporting and auxilary transport activities 347 381 416

Post and communications 148 358 606Unspecified transport, storage and communications 315 19 28

Business activities 2 593 5 491 4 208Real estate 79 1 786 491Rental Activities .. 606 612Computer and related activities 485 650 617Research and development .. 8 13Other business activities 1 658 2 440 2 474Unspecified business activities 371 1 1


Source: Statistics Finland, unpublished data.Note: Data refer to assets of majority-owned foreign affiliates in Finland.


Table 29c. Assets of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by industry and geographical origin, 2001

(Millions of Euros)


L W

OR

LD

Dev

elop

ed

Cou

ntrie

s

Wes

tern

Eu

rope

Euro

pean

U

nion

Aus

tria

Bel

gium

Luxe

mbo

urg

Den

mar

k

Fran

ce

Ger

man

y

Irela

nd

Italy

Total 54 702 52 423 43 672 38 099 399 451 452 2 351 1 027 4 442 644 945Primary 160 28 28 28 - - - - - - 28 -

Mining and quarrying 160 28 28 28 - - - - - - 28 -Secondary 31 870 30 331 24 847 20 577 393 58 356 1 678 422 2 330 531 902

Food, beverages and tobacco 3 147 2 751 2 751 2 751 - - - 1 205 - - - -Textiles, clothing and leather 214 55 55 55 - - - 55 - - - -

Textiles 124 - - - - - - - - - - -Clothing 90 55 55 55 - - - 55 - - - -

Wood and wood products 864 597 597 528 - - - 62 - - - -Manufacture of wood products, cork, etc. 101 62 62 62 - - - 62 - - - -Paper and paper products 763 535 535 466 - - - - - - - -

Publishing and printing 1 044 955 918 903 - - 1 34 - - - -Chemicals and chemical products 5 150 4 401 3 449 2 837 - - - 218 132 257 - -Rubber and plastic products 2 460 2 321 2 284 2 284 - - - 12 - 27 - -Non-metallic mineral products 2 184 2 067 2 067 2 067 - - - 44 89 188 531 -Metal and metal products 4 476 2 421 2 176 2 176 - - - - - - - -

Basic metals 3 359 1 639 1 639 1 639 - - - - - - - -Fabricated metal products 1 117 782 537 537 - - - - - - - -

Machinery and equipment 5 672 5 579 4 883 4 316 250 - - - 27 1 651 - 886Electrical and electronic equipment 3 809 3 099 2 116 555 - - - - 45 64 - -

Radio, television and communication apparatus 1 504 983 - - - - - - - - - -Precision instruments 704 657 189 189 - - - - - - - -Motor vehicles and other transport equipment 1 788 1 460 1 460 98 - - - - 98 - - -

Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers 154 - - - - - - - - - - -Other transport equipment 1 634 1 460 1 460 98 - - - - 98 - - -

Other manufacturing 253 60 60 60 - - - - - - - -Tertiary 22 285 20 876 17 758 16 848 6 374 64 647 562 2 093 35 26

Electricity, gas and water 2 542 2 498 1 926 1 926 - - - - - - - -Construction 1 575 1 509 1 509 1 378 - - - 37 - - 19 -Trade 9 345 8 262 6 682 6 006 6 18 54 304 250 1 580 - 26

Automotive trade and repair 1 218 1 026 417 417 - - - - - 62 - - Wholesale trade 7 516 6 517 5 549 4 965 3 5 54 138 175 1 509 - 18Distributive trade 610 582 579 524 - - - 166 58 - - -

Hotels and restaurants 255 158 158 158 - - - - - - - -Transport, storage and communications 2 449 2 361 2 311 2 273 - 48 - 98 252 306 - -

Transport and storage 1 559 1 359 1 314 1 293 - - - 91 48 183 - -Land transport including pipelines 216 203 203 203 - - - - 48 31 - -Water transport 883 756 756 756 - - - - - - - -Supporting and auxilary transport activities 460 400 355 334 - - - 91 - 152 - -Storage and warehousing 460 400 355 334 - - - 91 - 152 - -Post and communications 861 599 599 599 - 43 - - - - - -

Business activities 6 119 6 088 5 172 5 107 - 308 10 208 60 207 16 -Real estate 1 815 1 807 1 795 1 788 - - - 32 - 15 - -Rental Activities 614 464 170 170 - - - - - - - -Computer and related activities 727 704 264 259 - 2 - 11 3 35 - -Research and development 13 - - - - - - - - - - -Other business activities 2 951 2 941 2 773 2 722 - 306 10 159 57 14 16 -

Unspecified 387 1 188 1 039 646 - 19 32 26 43 19 50 17/…


Table 29c. Assets of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by industry and geographical origin,2001 (continued)

(Millions of Euros)

Sector/industry / Region/economy Net

herla

nds

Spa

in

Sw

eden

Uni

ted

Kin

gdom

Oth

er

Wes

tern

Eu

rope

Gue

rnse

y

Liec

hten

stei

n

Nor

way

Sw

itzer

land

Nor

th

Am

eric

a

Can

ada

Uni

ted

Stat

es

Japa

n

Total 5 494 63 16 529 5 302 5 573 277 9 2 460 2 827 7 856 189 7 667 895Primary - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Mining and quarrying - - - - - - - - - - - - -Secondary 3 989 - 6 912 3 006 4 270 - - 2 103 2 167 5 367 109 5 258 117

Food, beverages and tobacco - - 1 546 - - - - - - - - - -Textiles, clothing and leather - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Textiles - - - - - - - - - - - - -Clothing - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Wood and wood products - - 466 - 69 - - 69 - - - - -Manufacture of wood products, cork, etc. - - - - - - - - - - - - -Paper and paper products - - 466 - 69 - - 69 - - - - -

Publishing and printing - - 868 - 15 - - 15 - 37 - 37 -Chemicals and chemical products 442 - 1 788 - 612 - - 612 - 952 - 952 -Rubber and plastic products 1 965 - 280 - - - - - - 37 - 37 -Non-metallic mineral products - - 260 955 - - - - - - - - -Metal and metal products - - 724 1 452 - - - - - 245 - 245 -

Basic metals - - 187 1 452 - - - - - - - - -Fabricated metal products - - 537 - - - - - - 245 - 245 -

Machinery and equipment 422 - 682 398 567 - - 45 522 696 - 696 -Electrical and electronic equipment 446 - - - 1 561 - - - 1 561 983 - 983 -

Radio, television and communication apparatus - - - - - - - - - 983 - 983 -Precision instruments - - 189 - - - - - - 468 - 468 -Motor vehicles and other transport equipment - - - - 1 362 - - 1 362 - - - - -

Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers - - - - - - - - - - - - -Other transport equipment - - - - 1 362 - - 1 362 - - - - -

Other manufacturing - - 60 - - - - - - - - - -Tertiary 1 457 - 9 327 2 257 910 - - 351 559 2 346 - 2 346 772

Electricity, gas and water - - 1 926 - - - - - - 572 - 572 -Construction - - 1 322 - 131 - - - 131 - - - -Trade 965 - 2 576 227 676 - - 308 368 1 094 - 1 094 486

Automotive trade and repair 196 - 159 - - - - - - 366 - 366 243 Wholesale trade 695 - 2 191 177 584 - - 253 331 725 - 725 243Distributive trade 74 - 226 - 55 - - 55 - 3 - 3 -

Hotels and restaurants - - 74 84 - - - - - - - - -Transport, storage and communications 199 - 600 770 38 - - 15 23 50 - 50 -

Transport and storage 135 - 80 756 21 - - - 21 45 - 45 -Land transport including pipelines 105 - 19 - - - - - - - - - -Water transport - - - 756 - - - - - - - - -Supporting and auxilary transport activities 30 - 61 - 21 - - - 21 45 - 45 -Storage and warehousing 30 - 61 - 21 - - - 21 45 - 45 -Post and communications 64 - 492 - - - - - - - - - -

Business activities 293 - 2 829 1 176 65 - - 28 37 630 - 630 286Real estate 17 - 1 724 - 7 - - 7 - 12 - 12 -Rental Activities 86 - 84 - - - - - - 294 - 294 -Computer and related activities 68 - 126 14 5 - - 5 - 155 - 155 285Research and development - - - - - - - - - - - - -Other business activities 114 - 894 1 152 51 - - 16 35 168 - 168 -

Unspecified 48 63 290 39 393 277 9 6 101 143 80 63 6/…


Table 29c. Assets of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy,by industry and geographical origin, 2001 (concluded)

(Millions of Euros)

Sector/industry / Region/economy Dev

elop

ing

Cou

ntrie

s

Asi

a

Sing

apor

e

Cen

tral

and

Ea

ster

n Eu

rope

Esto

nia

Rus

sian

Fe

dera

tion

Uns

peci

fied

Total 481 481 481 1 041 69 972 756.9997Primary - - - - - - 132

Mining and quarrying - - - - - - 132Secondary 481 481 481 - - - 1 058

Food, beverages and tobacco - - - - - - 396Textiles, clothing and leather - - - - - - 159

Textiles - - - - - - 124Clothing - - - - - - 35

Wood and wood products - - - - - - 267Manufacture of wood products, cork, etc. - - - - - - 39Paper and paper products - - - - - - 228

Publishing and printing - - - - - - 89Chemicals and chemical products - - - - - - 749Rubber and plastic products - - - - - - 139Non-metallic mineral products - - - - - - 117Metal and metal products 121 121 121 - - - 1 934

Basic metals - - - - - - 1 720Fabricated metal products 121 121 121 - - - 214

Machinery and equipment - - - - - - 93Electrical and electronic equipment 360 360 360 - - - 350

Radio, television and communication apparatus 360 360 360 - - - 161Precision instruments - - - - - - 47Motor vehicles and other transport equipment - - - - - - 328

Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers - - - - - - 154Other transport equipment - - - - - - 174

Other manufacturing - - - - - - 193Tertiary - - - 970 - 970 439

Electricity, gas and water - - - 20 - 20 24Construction - - - - - - 66Trade - - - 945 - 945 138

Automotive trade and repair - - - 82 - 82 110 Wholesale trade - - - 863 - 863 136Distributive trade - - - - - - 28

Hotels and restaurants - - - - - - 97Transport, storage and communications - - - 5 - 5 83

Transport and storage - - - - - - 200Land transport including pipelines - - - - - - 13Water transport - - - - - - 127Supporting and auxilary transport activities - - - - - - 60Storage and warehousing - - - - - - 60Post and communications - - - - - - 262

Business activities - - - - - - 31Real estate - - - - - - 8Rental Activities - - - - - - 150Computer and related activities - - - - - - 23Research and development - - - - - - 13Other business activities - - - - - - 10

Unspecified - - - 71 69 2 - 872

Source: Statistics Finland, unpublished data.Note: Data refer to the assets of foreign affiliates in Finland.


Table 29d. Assets of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by industry and geographical origin, 2001

(Millions of Euros)


L W

OR

LD

Dev

elop

ed

Cou

ntrie

s

Wes

tern

Eur

ope

Euro

pean

Uni

on

Aus

tria

Bel

gium

Luxe

mbo

urg

Den

mar

k

Fran

ce

Ger

man

y

Total 39 383 38 027 29 697 24 134 397 63 451 2 294 713 1 620Primary 154 26 26 26 - - - - - -

Mining and quarrying 154 26 26 26 - - - - - -Secondary 21 448 20 504 15 105 10 526 393 - 356 1 661 358 463

Food products and beverages 1 776 1 543 1 543 1 543 - - - 1 205 - -Textiles, clothing and leather 140 - - - - - - - - -

Textiles 84 - - - - - - - - -Clothing 56 - - - - - - - - -

Wood and wood products 483 216 216 147 - - - 62 - -Manufacture of wood products, cork, etc. 101 62 62 62 - - - 62 - -Paper and paper products 382 154 154 85 - - - - - -

Publishing and printing 202 113 76 61 - - 1 26 - -Chemicals and chemical products 5 049 4 229 3 280 2 668 - - - 218 - 220Rubber and plastic products 278 107 70 70 - - - 12 - 27Non-metallic mineral products 1 674 1 552 1 552 1 552 - - - 44 89 110Metal and metal products 2 991 943 704 704 - - - - - -

Basic metals 1 920 187 187 187 - - - - - -Fabricated metal products 1 071 756 517 517 - - - - - -

Machinery and equipment 2 665 2 605 1 909 1 373 250 - - - 27 1Electrical and electronic equipment 3 656 3 035 2 052 491 - - - - 45 -

Radio, television and communication apparatus 1 449 983 - - - - - - - -Precision instruments 698 656 188 188 - - - - - -Motor vehicles and other transport equipment 1 541 1 357 1 357 - - - - - - -

Other transport equipment 1 541 1 357 1 357 - - - - - - -Other manufacturing 104 60 60 60 - - - - - -

Tertiary 17 655 14 799 12 365 11 511 4 18 54 629 313 1 143Electricity, gas and water 2 026 - - - - - - - - -Construction 1 515 1 448 1 448 1 320 - - - 32 - -Trade 7 576 7 005 5 466 4 820 4 18 54 291 231 636

Automotive trade and repair 1 200 1 025 416 416 - - - - - 62Wholesale trade 5 775 5 286 4 358 3 804 - 5 54 132 173 565Distributive trade 601 572 572 517 - - - 160 58 -

Hotels and restaurants 184 96 96 96 - - - - - -Transport, storage and communications 2 146 2 076 2 026 2 004 - - - 98 65 305

Transport and storage 1 512 1 348 1 303 1 283 - - - 90 48 182Land transport including pipelines 213 203 203 203 - - - - 48 31Water transport 883 756 756 756 - - - - - -Supporting and auxilary transport activities 416 389 344 324 - - - 90 - 151Post and communications 606 531 531 531 - - - - - -

Business activities 4 208 4 174 3 329 3 271 - - - 208 17 202Real estate 491 483 476 469 - - - 32 - 13Rental Activities 612 464 170 170 - - - - - -Computer and related activities 617 603 208 206 - - - 11 - 34Research and development 13 - - - - - - - - -Other business activities 2 474 2 455 2 308 2 261 - - - 159 15 12

Unspecified 126 2 698 2 201 2 071 - 45 41 4 42 14/…


Table 29d. Assets of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by industry and geographical origin, 2001(continued)

(Millions of Euros)

Sector/industry / Region/economy Irela

nd

Italy

Net

herla

nds

Spa

in

Sw

eden

Uni

ted

Kin

gdom

Oth

er W

este

rn

Euro

pe

Liec

hten

stei

n

Nor

way

Sw

itzer

land

Nor

th A

mer

ica

Total 636 150 2 853 63 11 311 3 583 5 563 8 2 786 2 769 7 454Primary 26 - - - - - - - - - -

Mining and quarrying 26 - - - - - - - - - -Secondary 530 101 1 379 - 0 3 964 1 321 4 579 - 2 450 2 129 5 282

Food products and beverages - - - - 338 - - - - - -Textiles, clothing and leather - - - - - - - - - - -

Textiles - - - - - - - - - - -Clothing - - - - - - - - - - -

Wood and wood products - - - - 85 - 69 - 69 - -Manufacture of wood products, cork, etc. - - - - - - - - - - -Paper and paper products - - - - 85 - 69 - 69 - -

Publishing and printing - - - - 34 - 15 - 15 - 37Chemicals and chemical products - - 442 - 1 788 - 612 - 612 - 949Rubber and plastic products - - - - 31 - - - - - 37Non-metallic mineral products 530 - - - - 779 - - - - -Metal and metal products - - - - 704 - - - - - 239

Basic metals - - - - 187 - - - - - -Fabricated metal products - - - - 517 - - - - - 239

Machinery and equipment - 84 - - 682 329 536 - 41 495 696Electrical and electronic equipment - - 446 - - - 1 561 - - 1 561 983

Radio, television and communication apparatus - - - - - - - - - - 983Precision instruments - - - - 188 - - - - - 468Motor vehicles and other transport equipment - - - - - - 1 357 - 1 357 - -

Other transport equipment - - - - - - 1 357 - 1 357 - -Other manufacturing - - - - 60 - - - - - -

Tertiary 35 24 1 426 - 5 642 2 223 854 - 315 539 1 677Electricity, gas and water - - - - - - - - - - -Construction 19 - - - 1 269 - 128 - - 128 -Trade - 24 952 - 2 383 227 646 - 291 355 1 053

Automotive trade and repair - - 196 - 158 - - - - - 366Wholesale trade - 16 682 - 2 000 177 554 - 236 318 685Distributive trade - - 74 - 225 - 55 - 55 - -

Hotels and restaurants - - - - 12 84 - - - - -Transport, storage and communications - - 198 - 568 770 22 - - 22 50

Transport and storage - - 134 - 73 756 20 - - 20 45Land transport including pipelines - - 105 - 19 - - - - - -Water transport - - - - - 756 - - - - -Supporting and auxilary transport activities - - 29 - 54 - 20 - - 20 45Post and communications - - 64 - 467 - - - - - -

Business activities 16 - 276 - 1 410 1 142 58 - 24 34 574Real estate - - 11 - 413 - 7 - 7 - 7Rental Activities - - 86 - 84 - - - - - 294Computer and related activities - - 64 - 95 2 2 - 2 - 124Research and development - - - - - - - - - - -Other business activities 16 - 107 - 818 1 134 47 - 15 32 147

Unspecified 45 25 48 63 1 705 39 130 8 21 101 495/…


(Millions of Euros)

Sector/industry / Region/economy Can

ada

Uni

ted

Sta

tes

Japa

n

Dev

elop

ing

Cou

ntrie

s

Asi

a

Sin

gapo

re

Cen

tral

and

Ea

ster

n Eu

rope

Rus

sian

Fed

erat

ion

Uns

peci

fied

Total 187 7 267 876 481 481 481 443 443 432Primary - - - - - - - - 128

Mining and quarrying - - - - - - - - 128Secondary 109 5 173 117 481 481 481 - - 463

Food products and beverages - - - - - - - - 233Textiles, clothing and leather - - - - - - - - 140

Textiles - - - - - - - - 84Clothing - - - - - - - - 56

Wood and wood products - - - - - - - - 267Manufacture of wood products, cork, etc. - - - - - - - - 39Paper and paper products - - - - - - - - 228

Publishing and printing - 37 - - - - - - 89Chemicals and chemical products - 949 - - - - - - 820Rubber and plastic products - 37 - - - - - - 171Non-metallic mineral products - - - - - - - - 122Metal and metal products - 239 - 121 121 121 - - 1 927

Basic metals - - - - - - - - 1 733Fabricated metal products - 239 - 121 121 121 - - 194

Machinery and equipment - 696 - - - - - - 60Electrical and electronic equipment - 983 - - - - - - 621

Radio, television and communication apparatus - 983 - - - - - - 466Precision instruments - 468 - - - - - - 42Motor vehicles and other transport equipment - - - - - - - - 184

Other transport equipment - - - - - - - - 184Other manufacturing - - - - - - - - 44

Tertiary - 1 677 757 - - - 441 441 2 415Electricity, gas and water - - - - - - - - 2 026Construction - - - - - - - - 67Trade - 1 053 486 - - - 436 436 135

Automotive trade and repair - 366 243 - - - 82 82 93Wholesale trade - 685 243 - - - 354 354 135Distributive trade - - - - - - - - 29

Hotels and restaurants - - - - - - - - 88Transport, storage and communications - 50 - - - - 5 5 65

Transport and storage - 45 - - - - - - 164Land transport including pipelines - - - - - - - - 10Water transport - - - - - - - - 127Supporting and auxilary transport activities - 45 - - - - - - 27Post and communications - - - - - - - - 75

Business activities - 574 271 - - - - - 34Real estate - 7 - - - - - - 8Rental Activities - 294 - - - - - - 148Computer and related activities - 124 271 - - - - - 14Research and development - - - - - - - - 13Other business activities - 147 - - - - - - 19

Unspecified 78 417 2 - - - 2 2 -2 574

Source: Statistics Finland, unpublished data.Note: Data refer to assets of majority-owned foreign affiliates in Finland.

Table 29d. Assets of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by industry and geographical origin, 2001(concluded)


Table 30a. Assets of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by geographical origin, 1995-2001

(Millions of Euros)


Developed countries 8 805 9 728 12 488 16 343 66 328 69 719 52 914Western Europe 7 462 7 541 9 714 12 577 59 709 61 041 44 164European Union 5 284 5 415 6 546 8 971 54 846 55 573 38 100

Austria - 10 12 13 155 409 399Belgium - - 23 20 327 389 451Denmark 234 252 283 370 3 533 2 787 2 351France 35 46 174 285 658 729 1 027Germany 462 487 660 827 2 514 4 261 4 442Ireland - - - - 291 398 644Italy 15 16 17 3 1 144 1 583 945Luxembourg - - 21 20 273 456 452Netherlands 1 118 709 1 115 1 512 4 817 4 839 5 494Spain - - - - 51 97 63Sweden 3 091 3 461 3 744 5 107 38 716 35 301 16 530United Kingdom 329 434 497 814 2 368 4 324 5 302

Other Western Europe 2 178 2 127 3 168 3 606 4 864 5 468 6 064Gibraltar - - - - 9 7 - Guernsey - - - - .. - 277Liechtenstein - - - - 7 9 9Norway 146 169 1 045 1 521 2 680 2 876 2 951Switzerland 2 032 1 958 2 123 2 085 2 168 2 576 2 827

North America 1 338 1 836 2 297 3 238 5 722 7 929 7 855Canada - - - - 109 118 189United States 1 338 1 836 2 297 3 238 5 613 7 811 7 666

Other developed countries 5 351 478 528 897 749 895Australia - - - - .. - - Japan 5 351 478 528 897 749 895

Central and Eastern Europe 424 442 445 391 1 015 1 077 1 041Czech Republic - - - - .. - - Estonia - - - - 71 78 69Poland - - - - .. - - Russian Federation 424 442 445 391 943 999 972

Unspecified 3 829 4 872 4 416 3 599 278 408 266

Source: Statistics Finland, unpublished data.

Notes: Data refer to the assets of foreign affiliates in Finland. Unspecified consists mainly of Bermuda, China,Cyprus, Hong Kong (China), Indonesia, Malaysia, Malta, Panama, Singapore, Turkey and Virgin Islands forwhich data are not reported separately.


Table 30b. Assets of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by geographical origin, 1999-2001

(Millions of Euros)



European Union 17 688 21 296 24 118Austria 153 151 397Belgium 38 99 63Denmark 2 612 2 729 2 294France 589 632 713Germany 1 213 1 819 1 620Ireland 285 391 636Italy 62 193 142Luxembourg 116 373 451Netherlands 2 558 2 880 2 845Spain 51 92 63Sweden 8 023 9 933 11 311United Kingdom 1 987 2 004 3 583

Other Western Europe 4 626 5 249 5 836Liechtenstein 6 8 8Norway 2 478 2 713 2 786Switzerland 2 142 2 528 2 769

North America 5 454 7 579 7 454Canada 106 117 187United States 5 348 7 462 7 267

Other developed countries 878 729 876Australia .. - - Japan 878 729 876

Central and Eastern Europe 451 504 443Czech Republic .. - - Estonia .. 5 - Russian Federation 451 499 443



Notes: Data refer to the assets of majority-owned foreign affiliates in Finland. Unspecified consists mainly of Bermuda, China, Cyprus, Hong Kong (China), Indonesia, Malaysia, Malta, Panama, Singapore, Turkey and Virgin Islands for which data are not reported separately.


Table 32b. Employment of foreign affiliates of home-based TNCs, by industry abroad, 1995-2002

(Thousands of employees)

Sector / industry 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002Total 134.2 137.3 143.5 182.2 256.9 288.1 315.1 333.7

Primary 17.4 20.3 22.5 45.6 56.0 69.2 73.5 - Agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing 17.4 20.3 22.5 45.6 56.0 69.2 73.5 -

Forestry logging and related activities 17.4 20.3 22.5 45.6 56.0 69.2 73.5 - Secondary 96.3 96.1 93.2 95.2 132.0 133.1 152.0 228.5

Chemicals and chemical products 13.8 13.4 13.5 16.1 17.5 21.4 22.8 - Metal and metal products 60.8 60.9 59.8 61.5 89.8 89.7 98.5 - Other manufacturing 21.7 21.8 19.9 17.6 24.7 22.0 30.7 -

Tertiary 18.9 19.1 26.5 39.9 67.6 70.0 76.3 93.1Construction - - 3.7 3.1 5.5 - - - Trade 12.5 13.4 16.5 22.5 35.1 38.8 37.0 49.5

Wholesale trade - - 16.4 22.4 29.9 36.4 33.0 45.5Transport, storage and communications - - 2.5 2.3 3.8 3.9 6.2 5.5

Transport and storage - - 1.6 1.5 2.1 - 3.3 3.0Land transport - - - - 0.4 - - - Water transport - - 1.6 1.5 - - 2.2 1.6

Post and communications - - - - 1.7 - - - Finance 0.5 0.6 0.6 7.4 7.7 13.1 23.3 24.0

Financial Intermediation - - 0.5 7.3 - 13.1 23.3 24.0Monetary intermediation - - 0.4 7.3 - 11.9 21.8 23.2Other financial intermediation - - - 0.0 - - - -

Insurance and Pension Funding - - 0.1 0.1 - - - - Business activities - - 3.2 4.6 15.3 12.3 9.7 11.2

Real estate - - - 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1Computer and related activities - - - - 7.4 6.2 5.0 6.4

Software consultancy and supply - - - - - 0.8 1.0 0.7Other business activities - - 3.2 4.4 7.6 6.0 4.6 4.8

Other services 5.9 5.2 - - 0.2 - - - Unspecified 1.5 1.7 1.3 1.5 1.2 15.8 13.3 12.2

Source: Statistics Finland, unpublished data.Note : Data refer to majority-owned affiliates.


Table 33a. Employment of foreign affiliates of home-based TNCs, by geographical location abroad, 1995-2002


Region/economy 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002Total world 134.2 137.3 143.5 182.2 256.9 288.1 315.1 333.7

Developed countries 124.1 126.7 123.6 161.9 199.7 215.9 243.9 256.1Western Europe 92.2 95.4 91.8 124.1 151.4 159.7 194.5 199.0

European Union 86.5 87.6 87.8 119.2 145.4 148.5 179.6 182.5Austria 1.4 1.4 1.6 1.7 2.9 3.5 3.4 4.7Belgium / Luxembourg 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.5 2.1 2.2 2.5 2.6Denmark 3.7 3.6 3.6 4.3 5.7 5.2 15.4 14.3France 11.9 11.3 10.2 10.4 13.7 14.6 15.3 14.4Germany 14.2 15.6 15.1 17.7 19.8 25.4 31.2 30.3Greece - - 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.1 - 0.1Ireland - - 1.0 1.1 1.7 1.6 1.9 1.6Italy 4.3 4.5 5.5 5.7 7.8 7.1 7.7 7.5Netherlands 7.9 7.6 7.2 7.3 8.5 8.7 13.5 14.3Portugal - - 0.8 0.9 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.8Spain 1.9 1.9 1.8 2.3 2.6 3.0 3.0 3.1Sweden 25.2 25.4 27.4 53.8 64.8 59.9 67.1 72.5United Kingdom 11.7 12.1 11.5 12.0 13.9 16.1 17.3 16.2

Other Western Europe 5.7 7.9 4.0 5.0 6.1 11.3 14.9 16.5Norway 2.6 2.4 2.6 3.2 4.2 9.5 12.7 14.2Switzerland 0.1 0.1 1.5 1.8 1.9 1.8 2.3 2.2

North America 31.9 31.2 29.9 35.7 42.2 50.6 43.8 50.6Canada 4.5 4.8 4.4 4.3 4.7 5.0 6.2 6.4United States 27.4 26.5 25.6 31.4 37.5 45.6 37.6 44.2

Other developed countries - - 1.9 2.0 6.1 5.6 5.6 6.5Australia - - 1.8 1.4 2.6 3.1 3.0 2.6Japan - - 0.2 0.3 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.9New Zealand - - - 0.2 0.7 - 0.8 0.7South Africa - - - - 2.1 1.7 1.0 2.4

Developing economies 7.8 8.2 9.9 12.2 20.9 24.3 28.3 34.6Africa 0.9 0.7 0.5 1.1 0.7 0.1 - 0.1

North Africa - - 0.1 0.1 0.1 - - - Other Africa - - 0.4 1.0 0.6 - - -

Latin America and the Caribbean 3.2 2.7 2.7 3.9 7.4 6.8 7.3 8.4South America - - 2.5 3.3 4.6 4.7 5.1 6.2

Argentina - - 0.1 0.1 - 0.4 0.1 0.1Brazil - - 1.7 2.2 3.2 4.0 4.6 5.4Chile - - 0.8 1.1 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.5

Other Latin America and Caribbean - - 0.1 0.5 2.8 2.1 2.2 2.2Mexico - - - 0.3 2.4 2.0 2.0 2.0

Asia 3.8 4.7 6.6 7.3 12.7 17.3 21.0 26.1West Asia - - 0.7 0.2 0.8 0.9 0.7 0.8

Turkey - - 0.7 0.2 0.8 0.9 0.7 0.4South, East and South-East Asia - - 5.9 7.1 11.9 16.4 20.3 25.3

China - - - - 3.9 5.4 7.9 12.6Hong Kong, China - - 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.5 1.6India - - 2.0 1.6 2.3 3.0 2.8 3.0Indonesia - - - - 0.2 0.8 1.0 1.1Malaysia - - 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.8 0.8 0.9Philippines - - - - - 0.4 0.3 0.4Republic of Korea - - - - 0.7 1.1 - 1.1Singapore - - 0.6 0.9 1.8 2.0 2.1 2.2Thailand - - - - 0.7 1.0 2.2 2.1

The Pacific - - - - 0.1 - - - Central and Eastern Europe - - 8.7 6.2 35.2 46.3 42.5 41.7

Czech Republic - - - 0.0 1.4 9.2 1.5 1.5Estonia - - 2.4 0.5 14.2 15.4 15.9 13.2Hungary - - - - 3.1 5.8 6.0 5.7Latvia - - 1.8 1.5 1.4 2.5 2.9 2.8Lithuania - - 0.2 0.1 1.7 1.2 1.9 3.7Poland - - 3.3 4.2 6.1 5.3 6.8 5.1Romania - - 1.2 - 7.2 6.9 1.1 - Russian Federation - - 1.2 - 7.2 6.9 6.3 9.5Slovakia - - - - 0.1 - 0.2 0.2Ukraine - - - - 0.1 - - -

Unspecified 2.3 2.4 1.3 1.8 1.0 1.7 0.4 1.4


Note: Data refer to the number (in thousands) of employees in majority-owned foreign affiliates of home-based TNCs abroad.


Table 33b. Employment of foreign affiliates of home-based TNCs, by industry and geographical location abroad, 2002


Region/Economy / Sector/Industry Tota

l

Seco

ndar

y

Tert

iary

Trad

e

Who

lesa

le tr

ade

Tran

spor

t, st

orag

e an

d co

mm

unic

atio

ns

Tran

spor

t and

sto

rage

Wat

er tr

ansp

ort

Fina

ncia

l Int

erm

edia

tion

Mon

etar

y in

term

edia

tion

Bus

ines

s ac

tiviti

es

Rea

l est

ate

Com

pute

r and

rela

ted

activ

ities

Oth

er b

usin

ess

activ

ities

Uns

peci

fied

TOTAL WORLD 333.7 228.5 93.1 49.5 45.5 5.5 3.0 1.6 24.0 23.2 11.2 0.1 6.4 4.8 12.2Developed Countries 256.1 175.2 70.7 30.7 29.9 3.8 1.9 1.5 18.1 - 9.4 0.1 5.4 3.0 10.2

Western Europe 199.0 131.9 57.8 20.5 19.7 3.8 1.9 1.5 18.1 - 8.8 0.1 4.9 2.9 9.3European Union 182.5 124.5 49.4 17.9 17.2 3.8 1.9 1.5 18.1 - 7.2 0.1 4.9 2.3 8.6

Austria 4.7 4.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 - - - - - - - - - -Belgium 2.6 - 0.5 - - - - - - - - - - - 2.1Luxembourg 0.0 - 0.0 - - - - - - - - - - - -Denmark 14.3 2.5 11.7 2.3 2.3 - - - - - 0.3 - 0.3 - 0.2France 14.4 12.7 1.8 1.4 1.4 - - - - - 0.3 - - 0.3 -Germany 30.3 25.9 4.2 2.2 2.2 1.1 - - - - 0.9 - 0.3 0.6 0.1Greece 0.1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.1Ireland 1.6 0.4 0.5 - - - - - - - - - - - 0.7Italy 7.5 6.4 1.1 1.0 1.0 - - - - - 0.1 - - - -Netherlands 14.3 11.9 1.2 1.0 1.0 0.1 - - - - 0.1 - - - 1.2Portugal 0.8 0.8 0.1 0.1 0.1 - - - - - - - - - -Spain 3.1 2.0 1.1 0.9 0.9 - - - - - 0.2 - - - -Sweden 72.5 43.0 23.5 4.4 3.9 2.0 1.7 1.4 - - 5.2 - 4.2 1.0 6.0United Kingdom 16.2 12.5 3.3 3.1 3.0 - - - - - 0.1 - - 0.1 0.4

Other Western Europe 16.5 7.4 8.5 2.6 2.6 - - - - - 1.5 - - 0.6 0.6Norway 14.2 5.6 8.0 2.4 2.4 - - - - - 1.2 - - 0.2 0.6Switzerland 2.2 1.8 0.5 0.2 0.2 - - - - - 0.3 - - 0.3 -

North America 50.6 38.6 12.0 10.2 10.2 - - - - - 0.7 - 0.5 0.2 -Canada 6.4 5.6 0.8 - - - - - - - - - - - -United States 44.2 33.0 11.2 10.2 10.2 - - - - - 0.7 - 0.5 0.2 -

Other Developed Countries 6.5 4.7 0.9 - - - - - - - - - - - 1.0Australia 2.6 1.9 0.7 - - - - - - - - - - - -Japan 0.9 0.7 0.2 - - - - - - - - - - - -New Zealand 0.7 0.6 - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.0South Africa 2.4 1.5 - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.9

Developing economies 34.6 25.0 9.5 6.1 6.1 - - - - - 0.2 - - 0.2 0.0Africa 0.1 - 1.0 - - - - - - - - - - - -Latin America and the Caribbean 8.4 6.1 2.3 - - - - - - - - - - - -

South America 6.2 4.1 2.1 - - - - - - - - - - - -Argentina 0.1 - 0.0 - - - - - - - - - - - -Brazil 5.4 3.7 1.7 - - - - - - - - - - - -Chile 0.5 - 0.3 - - - - - - - - - - - 0.3Uruguay 0.0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Other Latin America and Caribbean 2.2 2.0 0.2 - - - - - - - - - - - -Mexico 2.0 2.0 0.0 - - - - - - - - - - - -

Asia 26.1 18.9 6.2 6.1 6.1 - - - - - 0.2 - - 0.2 1.0West Asia 0.8 0.3 0.0 - - - - - - - - - - - 0.5

Cyprus 0.0 - 0.0 - - - - - - - - - - - -Turkey 0.4 0.3 - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.1

South, East and South-East Asia 25.3 18.5 6.2 6.1 6.1 - - - - - 0.2 - - 0.2 0.5China 12.6 10.4 2.2 - - - - - - - - - - - -Hong Kong, China 1.6 1.0 0.6 - - - - - - - - - - - -India 3.0 1.8 1.1 - - - - - - - - - - - -Indonesia 1.1 0.9 0.2 - - - - - - - - - - - -Malaysia 0.9 0.8 - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.1Philippines 0.4 - 0.4 - - - - - - - - - - - -Republic of Korea 1.1 1.0 - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.1Singapore 2.2 0.6 1.2 - - - - - - - - - - - 0.5Thailand 2.1 1.9 0.3 - - - - - - - - - - - -

Central and Eastern Europe 41.7 26.7 12.4 8.2 4.9 1.1 - - - - 0.9 - - 0.9 2.6Estonia 13.2 6.9 5.1 3.2 1.4 0.7 - - - - 0.2 - - 0.2 1.3Latvia 2.8 1.2 1.4 1.1 0.7 - - - - - 0.0 - - 0.0 0.1Lithuania 3.7 2.5 0.8 0.5 0.4 - - - - - 0.2 - - 0.2 0.4Czech Republic 1.5 1.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 - - - - - 0.1 - - 0.1 -Hungary 5.7 5.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 - - - - - - - - - 0.3Poland 5.1 3.0 2.0 1.2 1.2 - - - - - 0.1 - - 0.1 0.1Russian Federation 9.5 6.5 2.8 2.1 1.1 0.3 - - - - 0.3 - - 0.3 0.3Slovakia 0.2 - 0.0 - - - - - - - - - - - 0.2

Unspecified 1.4 1.6 0.5 4.5 4.5 0.7 1.1 0.1 5.9 23.2 0.7 - 1.0 0.7 -Source: Bank of Finland, unpublished data.Note: Data refer to the number (in thousands) of employees in majority-owned foreign affiliates of home-based TNCs abroad.


Table 34a. Employment of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by industry, 1994-2001


Sector/industry 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001Total 55.3 74.8 95.3 103.9 127.1 199.5 218.2 219.2

Primary - 0.6 - - - 0.5 0.5 0.5Mining and quarrying - 0.6 - - - 0.5 0.5 0.5

Secondary 30.2 34.7 45.9 42.4 52.8 99.9 105.3 98.9Food, beverages and tobacco 2.2 2.4 2.2 2.6 2.0 10.8 12.6 12.4Textiles, clothing and leather 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.7 1.9 1.8 1.9

Textiles 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.7 1.5 1.4 1.0Clothing - - - - - 0.4 0.4 0.9Leather and leather products - - - - - .. - -

Wood and wood products 0.4 1.2 0.7 1.3 2.1 18.0 17.7 3.6Manufacture of wood products, cork, etc. 0.4 0.4 - 0.6 0.9 2.2 1.9 0.8Paper and paper products - 0.8 0.7 0.7 1.3 15.8 15.8 2.7

Publishing and printing 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5 3.8 4.0 4.2Coke, petroleum products and nuclear fuel - - - - - .. - - Chemicals and chemical products 2.1 2.3 4.1 5.6 5.5 7.5 7.8 7.6Rubber and plastic products 1.1 1.2 1.5 1.7 1.9 3.9 5.7 5.8Non-metallic mineral products 3.3 3.4 4.6 3.7 4.1 6.1 6.3 6.5Metal and metal products 1.5 3.5 5.2 5.2 5.3 6.0 5.9 8.8

Basic metals - - - - - 0.4 0.5 2.0Fabricated metal products 1.5 3.5 5.2 5.2 5.3 5.6 5.4 6.8

Machinery and equipment 4.6 5.8 7.4 8.2 10.0 13.8 14.9 16.9Electrical and electronic equipment 8.0 7.3 12.4 10.5 12.3 15.9 15.3 15.4

Office, accounting and computing machinery 1.4 - 1.6 - - 0.8 - - Electrical machinery and apparatus 5.5 6.5 9.3 8.1 8.3 9.5 9.9 9.7Radio, television and communication apparatus 1.0 0.8 1.4 2.4 3.9 5.6 5.4 5.7

Precision instruments 1.0 1.3 1.5 1.7 - 2.5 3.0 3.0Motor vehicles and other transport equipment 4.9 5.0 5.1 - 6.7 8.0 8.4 11.0

Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers 0.3 - - - - 1.0 1.1 2.6Other transport equipment 4.7 5.0 5.1 - 6.7 7.0 7.3 8.4

Other manufacturing 0.4 0.7 0.8 1.2 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.5Unspecified secondary - - - - - 0.2 0.3 0.2

Tertiary 25.1 32.4 43.4 48.8 66.7 96.4 110.0 117.3Electricity, gas and water - 0.6 0.5 - - 1.2 1.4 1.5Construction - 4.9 5.4 6.2 9.3 10.6 10.7 11.2Trade 17.4 17.9 21.3 24.1 28.7 33.9 36.5 37.2

Automotive trade and repair 1.3 1.5 2.6 2.6 3.5 5.0 5.2 5.4 Wholesale trade 15.1 15.3 17.6 20.2 23.2 25.2 25.5 25.8Distributive trade 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.3 2.1 3.8 5.8 6.0

Hotels and restaurants - - 1.9 - 6.6 5.1 8.9 9.6Transport, storage and communications 1.4 1.8 3.0 5.3 5.9 9.8 11.3 14.3

Transport and storage 1.4 1.6 2.6 4.8 5.3 6.0 9.0 10.0Land transport including pipelines - - - 1.7 2.0 .. 1.4 4.0Water transport - - - - - 2.1 1.9 1.9Air transport - - - - - .. - - Supporting and auxilary transport activities 1.4 1.6 2.6 3.1 3.2 3.9 5.7 4.1

Post and communications - 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 1.3 1.9 4.0Unspecified transport, storage and communications - - - - - 2.6 0.3 0.3

Finance - - - - - 12.7 13.2 3.7Financial Intermediation - - - - - 11.8 12.1 2.2Insurance and pension funding - - - - - - 0.1 0.2Activities auxiliary to financial intermediation - - - - - 0.8 1.0 1.3

Business activities 6.3 7.2 11.3 13.3 16.2 23.1 28.0 39.8Real estate 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.6 1.1 1.0 0.8Rental Activities 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 - 0.4 0.4Computer and related activities 2.8 2.8 3.2 3.5 3.8 4.9 6.6 7.1Other business activities 3.1 3.9 7.7 9.4 11.7 16.8 19.5 31.4Unspecified business activities - - - - - 0.3 - -

Unspecified - 7.1 5.9 12.7 7.6 2.8 2.3 2.4

Source: Statistics Finland, unpublished data.Note: Data refer to the number (in thousands) of employees in foreign affiliates in Finland.


Table 34b. Employment of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by industry, 1999-2001


Sector/industry 1999 2000 2001Total 143.9 161.8 176.1

Primary 0.5 0.5 0.5Mining and quarrying 0.5 0.5 0.5

Secondary 66.7 68.1 73.3Food, beverages and tobacco 5.4 6.1 6.3Textiles, clothing and leather 1.1 1.0 0.9

Textiles 0.7 0.6 0.5Clothing 0.4 0.4 0.3Leather and leather products .. - -

Wood and wood products 2.9 2.9 2.9Manufacture of wood products, cork, etc. 1.0 0.9 0.8Paper and paper products 1.9 2.0 2.0

Publishing and printing 1.0 1.1 1.0Coke, petroleum products and nuclear fuel .. - - Chemicals and chemical products 7.4 7.1 7.3Rubber and plastic products 2.0 2.1 2.3Non-metallic mineral products 4.2 4.4 4.7Metal and metal products 5.7 5.8 8.1

Basic metals 0.3 0.5 2.0Fabricated metal products 5.4 5.3 6.1

Machinery and equipment 10.5 11.0 12.9Electrical and electronic equipment 14.8 14.0 14.2

Office, accounting and computing machinery 0.8 - - Electrical machinery and apparatus 9.1 9.0 8.9Radio, television and communication apparatus 5.0 5.0 5.3

Precision instruments 2.4 3.0 2.9Motor vehicles and other transport equipment 7.0 8.2 7.5Other transport equipment 7.0 7.2 7.5

Other manufacturing 1.3 1.3 1.3Unspecified secondary 1.1 0.3 1.1

Tertiary 74.6 91.8 100.9Electricity, gas and water 0.6 0.7 0.9Construction 10.4 10.4 10.7Trade 31.0 32.5 35.0

Automotive trade and repair 4.6 4.9 5.2Wholesale trade 23.9 23.2 24.0Distributive trade 2.5 4.4 5.9

Hotels and restaurants 4.4 4.4 4.7Transport, storage and communications 8.6 8.4 12.6

Transport and storage 5.4 7.0 9.7Land transport including pipelines .. 1.4 3.9Water transport 2.1 1.9 1.9Air transport .. - - Supporting and auxilary transport activities 3.3 3.6 3.9

Post and communications 0.6 1.1 2.7Unspecified transport, storage and communications 2.5 0.3 0.3

Finance 0.8 11.8 2.1Financial Intermediation 0.4 11.0 1.1Insurance and pension funding .. 0.1 0.2Activities auxiliary to financial intermediation .. 0.7 0.9Unspecified finance 0.3 - -

Business activities 18.9 23.7 34.9Real estate 0.3 1.0 0.8Rental Activities .. 0.3 0.4Computer and related activities 4.4 5.7 5.7Research and development .. 0.1 0.1Other business activities 13.9 16.6 27.9Unspecified business activities 0.3 0.0 0.0

Unspecified 2.0 1.4 1.4

Source: Statistics Finland, unpublished data.Note: Data refer to the number (in thousands) of employees in majority-owned foreign affiliates in Finland.


Table 34c. Employment of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by industry and geographical origin, 2001



L W

OR

LD

Dev

elop

ed

Cou

ntrie

s

Wes

tern

Eur

ope

Euro

pean

Uni

on

Aust

ria

Belg

ium

Luxe

mbo

urg

Den

mar

k

Fran

ce

Ger

man

y

Irela

nd

Italy

Net

herla

nds

Spai

n

Swed

en

Uni

ted

King

dom

Total 219.2 211.7 184.0 157.5 1.9 3.1 1.6 16.1 7.7 15.2 1.3 1.1 19.6 0.8 77.1 11.9Primary 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.2 - - - - - - 0.2 - - - - -

Mining and quarrying 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.2 - - - - - - 0.2 - - - - -Secondary 98.9 92.3 78.5 59.7 1.8 0.3 1.1 3.9 2.5 7.3 0.7 0.9 8.8 - 26.5 5.9

Food products and beverages 12.4 10.7 10.7 10.7 - - - 1.5 - - - - - - 9.2 -Textiles, clothing and leather 1.9 0.3 0.3 0.3 - - - 0.3 - - - - - - - -

Textiles 1.0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Clothing 0.9 0.3 0.3 0.3 - - - 0.3 - - - - - - - -

Wood and wood products 3.6 2.2 2.2 1.7 - - - 0.5 - - - - - - 1.1 -Manufacture of wood products, cork, etc. 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.5 - - - 0.5 - - - - - - - -Paper and paper products 2.7 1.6 1.6 1.1 - - - - - - - - - - 1.1 -

Publishing and printing 4.2 3.8 3.7 3.6 - - 0.0 0.3 - - - - - - 3.3 -Coke, petroleum products and nuclear fuel - 0.0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Chemicals and chemical products 7.6 6.2 4.6 3.6 - - - 0.3 0.2 1.2 - - 1.0 - 0.9 -Rubber and plastic products 5.8 4.9 4.5 4.5 - - - 0.2 - 0.4 - - 1.3 - 2.7 -Non-metallic mineral products 6.5 6.1 6.1 6.1 - - - 0.3 0.6 1.7 0.7 - - - 0.8 1.9Metal and metal products 8.8 4.8 3.3 3.3 - - - - - - - - - - 3.2 0.1

Basic metals 2.0 0.9 0.9 0.9 - - - - - - - - - - 0.8 0.1Fabricated metal products 6.7 3.9 2.4 2.4 - - - - - - - - - - 2.4 -

Machinery and equipment 16.9 16.5 15.0 9.3 1.2 - - - 0.3 1.6 - 0.7 0.9 - 3.1 1.5Electrical and electronic equipment 15.4 10.9 8.0 2.9 - - - - 0.3 0.4 - - 2.1 - - -

Radio, television and communication apparatus 5.7 2.9 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Precision instruments 3.0 2.7 0.4 0.4 - - - - - - - - - - 0.4 -Motor vehicles and other transport equipment 11.0 6.6 6.6 0.8 - - - - 0.8 - - - - - - -

Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers 2.6 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Other transport equipment 8.4 6.6 6.6 0.8 - - - - 0.8 - - - - - - -

Other manufacturing 1.5 0.9 0.9 0.9 - - - - - - - - - - 0.9 -Tertiary 117.3 110.6 98.0 91.0 - 2.7 0.4 11.9 3.2 7.6 0.2 0.1 9.7 - 49.5 5.7

Electricity, gas and water 1.5 1.4 1.1 1.1 - - - - - - - - - - 1.1 -Construction 11.2 10.3 10.3 7.8 - - - 0.7 - - 0.2 - - - 6.9 -Trade 37.2 35.8 29.9 27.0 - 0.1 0.2 2.3 1.4 4.5 - 0.1 5.3 - 11.9 1.0

Automotive trade and repair 5.4 4.4 2.9 2.9 - - - - - 0.2 - - 1.6 - 1.2 - Wholesale trade 25.8 24.9 20.4 18.1 - 0.1 0.2 0.9 1.0 4.2 - 0.1 2.6 - 8.2 0.8Distributive trade 6.0 5.8 5.8 5.4 - - - 1.5 0.2 - - - 1.2 - 2.5 -

Hotels and restaurants 9.6 6.0 6.0 6.0 - - - - - - - - - - 4.6 1.4Transport, storage and communications 14.3 13.9 13.5 13.4 - 0.3 - 0.9 1.0 2.5 - - 2.5 - 4.1 2.0

Transport and storage 10.0 9.4 9.1 9.0 - - - 0.8 0.6 2.5 - - 1.5 - 1.6 1.8Land transport including pipelines 4.0 3.9 3.9 3.9 - - - - 0.6 1.1 - - 1.3 - 0.9 -Water transport 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.8 - - - - - - - - - - - 1.8Supporting and auxilary transport activities 4.1 3.7 3.4 3.3 - - - 0.8 - 1.5 - - 0.3 - 0.7 -Post and communications 4.0 3.5 3.5 3.5 - 0.3 - - - - - - 1.0 - 2.2 -

Finance 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.5 - - 0.1 0.1 - - - - 0.3 - 2.8 0.2Financial Intermediation 2.2 2.1 2.0 2.0 - - - - - - - - - - 1.9 0.1Insurance and Pension Funding 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 - - - - - - - - - - 0.1 -Activities Auxiliary to Financial Intermediation 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 - - - 0.1 - 0.0 - - 0.3 - 0.8 0.1

Business activities 39.8 39.6 33.7 32.3 - 2.3 - 8.0 0.7 0.6 - - 1.5 - 18.0 1.2Real estate 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 - - - 0.1 - 0.0 - - 0.0 - 0.7 -Rental Activities 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 - - - - - - - - 0.1 - 0.1 -Computer and related activities 7.1 6.9 3.5 3.4 - - - 0.1 0.1 0.2 - - 0.7 - 2.1 0.2Research and development 0.1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Other business activities 31.4 31.3 29.0 27.7 - 2.3 - 7.8 0.6 0.2 - - 0.7 - 15.1 1.0

Unspecified 2.4 8.6 7.3 6.6 - 0.1 0.2 0.2 2.0 0.3 0.2 0.1 1.1 0.8 1.1 0.3/…


Table 34c. Employment of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by industry and geographical origin, 200 1 (concluded)


Sector/industry / Region/economy Oth

er W

este

rn

Euro

pe

Gue

rnse

y

Liec

hten

stei

n

Nor

way

Switz

erla

nd

Nor

th A

mer

ica

Can

ada

Uni

ted

Stat

es

Japa

n

Dev

elop

ing

Cou

ntrie

s

Asi

a

Sing

apor

e

Cen

tral

and

Eas

tern

Eu

rope

Esto

nia

Rus

sian

Fed

erat

ion

Uns

peci

fied

Total 26.5 0.2 0.1 9.7 16.5 23.3 0.6 22.7 4.4 1.8 1.8 1.8 2.0 0.9 1.2 3.6Primary - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.3

Mining and quarrying - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.3Secondary 18.8 - - 7.9 10.9 13.3 0.5 12.8 0.5 1.8 1.8 1.8 - - - 4.8

Food products and beverages - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.8Textiles, clothing and leather - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.6

Textiles - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.0Clothing - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.6

Wood and wood products 0.5 - - 0.5 - - - - - - - - - - - 1.4Manufacture of wood products, cork, etc. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.3Paper and paper products 0.5 - - 0.5 - - - - - - - - - - - 1.1

Publishing and printing 0.1 - - 0.1 - 0.1 - 0.1 - - - - - - - 0.4Coke, petroleum products and nuclear fuel - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Chemicals and chemical products 1.0 - - 1.0 - 1.6 - 1.6 - - - - - - - 1.4Rubber and plastic products - - - - - 0.4 - 0.4 - - - - - - - 0.9Non-metallic mineral products - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.4Metal and metal products - - - - - 1.5 - 1.5 - 1.1 1.1 1.1 - - - 2.9

Basic metals - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.1Fabricated metal products - - - - - 1.5 - 1.5 - 1.1 1.1 1.1 - - - 1.8

Machinery and equipment 5.7 - - 0.4 5.3 1.5 - 1.5 - - - - - - - 0.4Electrical and electronic equipment 5.1 - - - 5.1 2.9 - 2.9 - 0.7 0.7 0.7 - - - 3.9

Radio, television and communication apparatus - - - - - 2.9 - 2.9 - 0.7 0.7 0.7 - - - 2.1Precision instruments - - - - - 2.3 - 2.3 - - - - - - - 0.3Motor vehicles and other transport equipment 5.8 - - 5.8 - - - - - - - - - - - 4.5

Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2.6Other transport equipment 5.8 - - 5.8 - - - - - - - - - - - 1.9

Other manufacturing - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.6Tertiary 7.0 - - 1.8 5.2 8.7 - 8.7 3.9 - - - 1.2 - 1.2 5.5

Electricity, gas and water - - - - - 0.3 - 0.3 - - - - - - - -Construction 2.6 - - - 2.6 - - - - - - - - - - 0.9Trade 2.9 - - 1.2 1.7 4.4 - 4.4 1.5 - - - 1.1 - 1.1 0.4

Automotive trade and repair - - - - - 1.0 - 1.0 0.5 - - - 0.5 - 0.5 0.5 Wholesale trade 2.3 - - 0.8 1.5 3.4 - 3.4 1.0 - - - 0.6 - 0.6 0.4Distributive trade 0.4 - - 0.4 - - - - - - - - - - - 0.2

Hotels and restaurants - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3.6Transport, storage and communications 0.2 - - - 0.1 0.3 - 0.3 - - - - - - - 0.4

Transport and storage 0.1 - - - 0.1 0.3 - 0.3 - - - - - - - 0.6Land transport including pipelines - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.1Water transport - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Supporting and auxilary transport activities 0.1 - - - 0.1 0.3 - 0.3 - - - - - - - 0.5Post and communications - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.6

Finance - - - - - 0.1 - 0.1 - - - - - - - -Financial Intermediation - - - - - 0.1 - 0.1 - - - - - - - 0.1Insurance and Pension Funding - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Activities Auxiliary to Financial Intermediation - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.1

Business activities 1.4 - - 0.5 0.8 3.6 - 3.6 2.4 - - - - - - 0.2Real estate - - - 0.0 - 0.1 - 0.1 - - - - - - - -Rental Activities - - - - - 0.2 - 0.2 - - - - - - - 0.1Computer and related activities 0.1 - - 0.1 - 1.0 - 1.0 2.4 - - - - - - 0.1Research and development - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.1Other business activities 1.3 - - 0.4 0.8 2.3 - 2.3 - - - - - - - 0.1

Unspecified 0.7 0.2 0.1 - 0.4 1.3 0.1 1.3 - - - - 0.9 0.9 - - 7.1

Source: Statistics Finland, unpublished data.Note: Data refer to the number (in thousands) of employees in foreign affiliates in Finland.


Table 34d. Employment of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by industry, 2001



L W

OR

LD

Dev

elop

ed C

ount

ries

Wes

tern

Eur

ope

Euro

pean

Uni

on

Aust

ria

Belg

ium

Luxe

mbo

urg

Den

mar

k

Fran

ce

Ger

man

y

Irela

nd

Italy

Net

herla

nds

Spai

n

Total 176.1 172.4 147.1 120.2 1.9 0.4 1.5 15.7 6.7 9.8 1.3 0.9 15.7 0.8Primary 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.2 - - - - - - 0.2 - - -

Mining and quarrying 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.2 - - - - - - 0.2 - - -Secondary 73.3 69.9 57.4 37.6 1.8 - 1.1 3.9 2.4 2.7 0.7 0.7 5.6 -

Food products and beverages 6.3 4.7 4.7 4.7 - - - 1.5 - - - - - -Textiles, clothing and leather 0.9 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Textiles 0.5 - - - - - - - - - - - - -Clothing 0.3 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Wood and wood products 2.9 1.5 1.5 1.0 - - - 0.5 - - - - - -Manufacture of wood products, cork, etc. 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.5 - - - 0.5 - - - - - -Paper and paper products 2.0 0.9 0.9 0.4 - - - - - - - - - -Publishing and printing 1.0 0.7 0.5 0.4 - - 0.0 0.2 - - - - - -Chemicals and chemical products 7.3 5.9 4.3 3.2 - - - 0.3 - 1.1 - - 1.0 -Rubber and plastic products 2.3 1.3 1.0 1.0 - - - 0.2 - 0.4 - - - -Non-metallic mineral products 4.7 4.2 4.2 4.2 - - - 0.3 0.6 0.7 0.7 - - -Metal and metal products 8.1 4.3 2.9 2.9 - - - - - - - - - -

Basic metals 2.0 0.8 0.8 0.8 - - - - - - - - - -Fabricated metal products 6.1 3.5 2.1 2.1 - - - - - - - - - -

Machinery and equipment 12.9 12.5 11.0 6.1 1.2 - - - 0.3 - - 0.6 - -Electrical and electronic equipment 14.2 10.5 7.5 2.4 - - - - 0.3 - - - 2.1 -

Radio, television and communication apparatus 5.3 2.9 - - - - - - - - - - - -Precision instruments 2.9 2.7 0.4 0.4 - - - - - - - - - -Motor vehicles and other transport equipment 7.5 5.6 5.6 - - - - - - - - - - -Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers - 0.0 - - - - - - - - - - - - -Other transport equipment 7.5 5.6 5.6 - - - - - - - - - - -Other manufacturing 1.3 0.9 0.9 0.9 - - - - - - - - - -

Tertiary 100.9 94.2 82.9 76.3 - 0.1 0.2 11.7 2.2 6.9 0.2 0.1 9.5 -Electricity, gas and water 0.9 - - - - - - - - - - - - -Construction 10.7 9.8 9.8 7.4 - - - 0.6 - - 0.2 - - -Trade 35.0 33.7 27.9 25.2 - 0.1 0.2 2.2 1.2 3.9 - 0.1 5.3 -

Automotive trade and repair 5.2 4.4 2.9 2.9 - - - - - 0.2 - - 1.6 - Wholesale trade 24.0 23.2 18.8 16.7 - 0.1 0.2 0.9 1.0 3.5 - 0.1 2.5 -Distributive trade 5.9 5.7 5.7 5.2 - - - 1.3 0.2 - - - 1.2 -

Hotels and restaurants 4.7 1.6 1.6 1.6 - - - - - - - - - -Transport, storage and communications 12.6 12.3 12.0 11.9 - - - 0.9 0.7 2.5 - - 2.5 -

Transport and storage 9.7 9.3 9.0 8.9 - - - 0.8 0.6 2.5 - - 1.5 -Land transport including pipelines 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.9 - - - - 0.6 1.1 - - 1.3 -Water transport 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.8 - - - - - - - - - -Supporting and auxilary transport activities 3.9 3.6 3.3 3.2 - - - 0.8 - 1.5 - - 0.2 -Post and communications 2.7 2.5 2.5 2.5 - - - - - - - - 1.0 -

Finance 2.1 2.0 2.0 1.9 - - - - - - - - 0.3 -Financial Intermediation 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 - - - - - - - - - -Insurance and Pension Funding 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 - - - - - - - - - -Activities Auxiliary to Financial Intermediation 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 - - - - - - - - 0.3 -

Business activities 34.9 34.7 29.6 28.4 - - - 8.0 0.3 0.5 - - 1.4 -Real estate 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 - - - 0.1 - - - - - -Rental Activities 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 - - - - - - - - 0.1 -Computer and related activities 5.7 5.5 2.8 2.8 - - - 0.1 - 0.2 - - 0.6 -Research and development 0.1 - - - - - - - - - - - - -Other business activities 27.9 27.8 25.7 24.4 - - - 7.8 0.3 0.1 - - 0.7 -

Unspecified 1.4 8.0 6.7 6.1 - 0.3 0.2 0.2 2.0 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.7 0.8/…


Table 34d. Employment of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by industry, 2001 (concluded)


Sector/industry / Region/economy Swed

en

Uni

ted

King

dom

Oth

er W

este

rn E

urop

e

Liec

hten

stei

n

Nor

way

Switz

erla

nd

Nor

th A

mer

ica

Can

ada

Uni

ted

Stat

es

Japa

n

Dev

elop

ing

Cou

ntrie

s

Asi

a

Sing

apor

e

Cen

tral

and

Eas

tern

Eur

ope

Rus

sian

Fed

erat

ion

Uns

peci

fied

Total 54.4 11.1 26.9 0.1 11.6 15.2 21.3 0.6 20.7 3.9 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.0 1.0 1.0Primary - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.3

Mining and quarrying - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.3Secondary 13.4 5.3 19.8 - 9.9 9.9 12.1 0.5 11.5 0.5 1.8 1.8 1.8 - - 1.6

Food products and beverages 3.2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.6Textiles, clothing and leather - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.9


Wood and wood products 0.4 - 0.5 - 0.5 - - - - - - - - - - 1.4Manufacture of wood products, cork, etc. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.3Paper and paper products 0.4 - 0.5 - 0.5 - - - - - - - - - - 1.1Publishing and printing 0.2 - 0.1 - 0.1 - 0.1 - 0.1 - - - - - - 0.4Chemicals and chemical products 0.9 - 1.0 - 1.0 - 1.6 - 1.6 - - - - - - 1.4Rubber and plastic products 0.4 - - - - - 0.4 - 0.4 - - - - - - 1.0Non-metallic mineral products - 1.9 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.4Metal and metal products 2.9 - - - - - 1.4 - 1.4 - 1.1 1.1 1.1 - - 2.7

Basic metals 0.8 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.2Fabricated metal products 2.1 - - - - - 1.4 - 1.4 - 1.1 1.1 1.1 - - 1.5

Machinery and equipment 3.1 1.0 4.9 - 0.4 4.5 1.5 - 1.5 - - - - - - 0.5Electrical and electronic equipment - - 5.1 - - 5.1 2.9 - 2.9 - - - - - - 3.7

Radio, television and communication apparatus - - - - - - 2.9 - 2.9 - - - - - - 2.4Precision instruments 0.4 - - - - - 2.3 - 2.3 - - - - - - 0.3Motor vehicles and other transport equipment - - 5.6 - 5.6 - - - - - - - - - - 1.9Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Other transport equipment - - 5.6 - 5.6 - - - - - - - - - - 1.9Other manufacturing 0.9 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.3

Tertiary 40.0 5.5 6.5 - 1.6 5.0 7.9 - 7.9 3.4 - - - 1.0 1.0 5.8Electricity, gas and water - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.9Construction 6.6 - 2.5 - - 2.5 - - - - - - - - - 0.8Trade 11.2 1.0 2.7 - 1.1 1.6 4.3 - 4.3 1.5 - - - 0.9 0.9 0.4

Automotive trade and repair 1.2 - - - - - 1.0 - 1.0 0.5 - - - 0.5 0.5 0.3 Wholesale trade 7.5 0.8 2.1 - 0.7 1.4 3.4 - 3.4 1.0 - - - 0.4 0.4 0.4Distributive trade 2.5 - 0.4 - 0.4 - - - - - - - - - - 0.2

Hotels and restaurants 0.2 1.4 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3.1Transport, storage and communications 3.4 2.0 0.1 - - 0.1 0.3 - 0.3 - - - - - - 0.3

Transport and storage 1.6 1.8 0.1 - - 0.1 0.3 - 0.3 - - - - - - 0.4Land transport including pipelines 0.9 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.1Water transport - 1.8 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Supporting and auxilary transport activities 0.7 - 0.1 - - 0.1 0.3 - 0.3 - - - - - - 0.3Post and communications 1.5 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.2

Finance 1.4 0.1 - - - - 0.1 - 0.1 - - - - - - 0.1Financial Intermediation 0.9 0.1 - - - - 0.1 - 0.1 - - - - - - -Insurance and Pension Funding 0.1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Activities Auxiliary to Financial Intermediation 0.4 0.1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.1

Business activities 17.2 1.0 1.3 - 0.5 0.8 3.2 - 3.2 1.9 - - - - - 0.2Real estate 0.6 - - - - - 0.1 - 0.1 - - - - - - -Rental Activities 0.1 - - - - - 0.2 - 0.2 - - - - - - 0.1Computer and related activities 1.8 0.1 0.1 - 0.1 - 0.8 - 0.8 1.9 - - - - - 0.1Research and development - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.1Other business activities 14.6 0.9 1.2 - 0.4 0.8 2.1 - 2.1 - - - - - - 0.2

Unspecified 1.0 0.3 0.6 0.1 0.1 0.4 1.4 0.1 1.3 - - - - - - - 6.6Source: Statistics Finland, unpublished data.Note: Data refer to the number (in thousands) of employees in majority-owned foreign affiliates in Finland.


Table 34d. Employment of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by industry, 2001



L W

OR

LD

Dev

elop

ed C

ount

ries

Wes

tern

Eur

ope

Euro

pean

Uni

on

Aust

ria

Belg

ium

Luxe

mbo

urg

Den

mar

k

Fran

ce

Ger

man

y

Irela

nd

Italy

Net

herla

nds

Spai

n

Total 176.1 172.4 147.1 120.2 1.9 0.4 1.5 15.7 6.7 9.8 1.3 0.9 15.7 0.8Primary 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.2 - - - - - - 0.2 - - -

Mining and quarrying 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.2 - - - - - - 0.2 - - -Secondary 73.3 69.9 57.4 37.6 1.8 - 1.1 3.9 2.4 2.7 0.7 0.7 5.6 -

Food products and beverages 6.3 4.7 4.7 4.7 - - - 1.5 - - - - - -Textiles, clothing and leather 0.9 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Textiles 0.5 - - - - - - - - - - - - -Clothing 0.3 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Wood and wood products 2.9 1.5 1.5 1.0 - - - 0.5 - - - - - -Manufacture of wood products, cork, etc. 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.5 - - - 0.5 - - - - - -Paper and paper products 2.0 0.9 0.9 0.4 - - - - - - - - - -Publishing and printing 1.0 0.7 0.5 0.4 - - 0.0 0.2 - - - - - -Chemicals and chemical products 7.3 5.9 4.3 3.2 - - - 0.3 - 1.1 - - 1.0 -Rubber and plastic products 2.3 1.3 1.0 1.0 - - - 0.2 - 0.4 - - - -Non-metallic mineral products 4.7 4.2 4.2 4.2 - - - 0.3 0.6 0.7 0.7 - - -Metal and metal products 8.1 4.3 2.9 2.9 - - - - - - - - - -

Basic metals 2.0 0.8 0.8 0.8 - - - - - - - - - -Fabricated metal products 6.1 3.5 2.1 2.1 - - - - - - - - - -

Machinery and equipment 12.9 12.5 11.0 6.1 1.2 - - - 0.3 - - 0.6 - -Electrical and electronic equipment 14.2 10.5 7.5 2.4 - - - - 0.3 - - - 2.1 -

Radio, television and communication apparatus 5.3 2.9 - - - - - - - - - - - -Precision instruments 2.9 2.7 0.4 0.4 - - - - - - - - - -Motor vehicles and other transport equipment 7.5 5.6 5.6 - - - - - - - - - - -Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers - 0.0 - - - - - - - - - - - - -Other transport equipment 7.5 5.6 5.6 - - - - - - - - - - -Other manufacturing 1.3 0.9 0.9 0.9 - - - - - - - - - -

Tertiary 100.9 94.2 82.9 76.3 - 0.1 0.2 11.7 2.2 6.9 0.2 0.1 9.5 -Electricity, gas and water 0.9 - - - - - - - - - - - - -Construction 10.7 9.8 9.8 7.4 - - - 0.6 - - 0.2 - - -Trade 35.0 33.7 27.9 25.2 - 0.1 0.2 2.2 1.2 3.9 - 0.1 5.3 -

Automotive trade and repair 5.2 4.4 2.9 2.9 - - - - - 0.2 - - 1.6 - Wholesale trade 24.0 23.2 18.8 16.7 - 0.1 0.2 0.9 1.0 3.5 - 0.1 2.5 -Distributive trade 5.9 5.7 5.7 5.2 - - - 1.3 0.2 - - - 1.2 -

Hotels and restaurants 4.7 1.6 1.6 1.6 - - - - - - - - - -Transport, storage and communications 12.6 12.3 12.0 11.9 - - - 0.9 0.7 2.5 - - 2.5 -

Transport and storage 9.7 9.3 9.0 8.9 - - - 0.8 0.6 2.5 - - 1.5 -Land transport including pipelines 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.9 - - - - 0.6 1.1 - - 1.3 -Water transport 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.8 - - - - - - - - - -Supporting and auxilary transport activities 3.9 3.6 3.3 3.2 - - - 0.8 - 1.5 - - 0.2 -Post and communications 2.7 2.5 2.5 2.5 - - - - - - - - 1.0 -

Finance 2.1 2.0 2.0 1.9 - - - - - - - - 0.3 -Financial Intermediation 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 - - - - - - - - - -Insurance and Pension Funding 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 - - - - - - - - - -Activities Auxiliary to Financial Intermediation 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 - - - - - - - - 0.3 -

Business activities 34.9 34.7 29.6 28.4 - - - 8.0 0.3 0.5 - - 1.4 -Real estate 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 - - - 0.1 - - - - - -Rental Activities 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 - - - - - - - - 0.1 -Computer and related activities 5.7 5.5 2.8 2.8 - - - 0.1 - 0.2 - - 0.6 -Research and development 0.1 - - - - - - - - - - - - -Other business activities 27.9 27.8 25.7 24.4 - - - 7.8 0.3 0.1 - - 0.7 -

Unspecified 1.4 8.0 6.7 6.1 - 0.3 0.2 0.2 2.0 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.7 0.8/…


Table 34d. Employment of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by industry, 2001 (concluded)


Sector/industry / Region/economy Swed

en

Uni

ted

King

dom

Oth

er W

este

rn E

urop

e

Liec

hten

stei

n

Nor

way

Switz

erla

nd

Nor

th A

mer

ica

Can

ada

Uni

ted

Stat

es

Japa

n

Dev

elop

ing

Cou

ntrie

s

Asi

a

Sing

apor

e

Cen

tral

and

Eas

tern

Eur

ope

Rus

sian

Fed

erat

ion

Uns

peci

fied

Total 54.4 11.1 26.9 0.1 11.6 15.2 21.3 0.6 20.7 3.9 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.0 1.0 1.0Primary - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.3

Mining and quarrying - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.3Secondary 13.4 5.3 19.8 - 9.9 9.9 12.1 0.5 11.5 0.5 1.8 1.8 1.8 - - 1.6

Food products and beverages 3.2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.6Textiles, clothing and leather - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.9


Wood and wood products 0.4 - 0.5 - 0.5 - - - - - - - - - - 1.4Manufacture of wood products, cork, etc. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.3Paper and paper products 0.4 - 0.5 - 0.5 - - - - - - - - - - 1.1Publishing and printing 0.2 - 0.1 - 0.1 - 0.1 - 0.1 - - - - - - 0.4Chemicals and chemical products 0.9 - 1.0 - 1.0 - 1.6 - 1.6 - - - - - - 1.4Rubber and plastic products 0.4 - - - - - 0.4 - 0.4 - - - - - - 1.0Non-metallic mineral products - 1.9 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.4Metal and metal products 2.9 - - - - - 1.4 - 1.4 - 1.1 1.1 1.1 - - 2.7

Basic metals 0.8 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.2Fabricated metal products 2.1 - - - - - 1.4 - 1.4 - 1.1 1.1 1.1 - - 1.5

Machinery and equipment 3.1 1.0 4.9 - 0.4 4.5 1.5 - 1.5 - - - - - - 0.5Electrical and electronic equipment - - 5.1 - - 5.1 2.9 - 2.9 - - - - - - 3.7

Radio, television and communication apparatus - - - - - - 2.9 - 2.9 - - - - - - 2.4Precision instruments 0.4 - - - - - 2.3 - 2.3 - - - - - - 0.3Motor vehicles and other transport equipment - - 5.6 - 5.6 - - - - - - - - - - 1.9Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Other transport equipment - - 5.6 - 5.6 - - - - - - - - - - 1.9Other manufacturing 0.9 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.3

Tertiary 40.0 5.5 6.5 - 1.6 5.0 7.9 - 7.9 3.4 - - - 1.0 1.0 5.8Electricity, gas and water - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.9Construction 6.6 - 2.5 - - 2.5 - - - - - - - - - 0.8Trade 11.2 1.0 2.7 - 1.1 1.6 4.3 - 4.3 1.5 - - - 0.9 0.9 0.4

Automotive trade and repair 1.2 - - - - - 1.0 - 1.0 0.5 - - - 0.5 0.5 0.3 Wholesale trade 7.5 0.8 2.1 - 0.7 1.4 3.4 - 3.4 1.0 - - - 0.4 0.4 0.4Distributive trade 2.5 - 0.4 - 0.4 - - - - - - - - - - 0.2

Hotels and restaurants 0.2 1.4 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3.1Transport, storage and communications 3.4 2.0 0.1 - - 0.1 0.3 - 0.3 - - - - - - 0.3

Transport and storage 1.6 1.8 0.1 - - 0.1 0.3 - 0.3 - - - - - - 0.4Land transport including pipelines 0.9 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.1Water transport - 1.8 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Supporting and auxilary transport activities 0.7 - 0.1 - - 0.1 0.3 - 0.3 - - - - - - 0.3Post and communications 1.5 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.2

Finance 1.4 0.1 - - - - 0.1 - 0.1 - - - - - - 0.1Financial Intermediation 0.9 0.1 - - - - 0.1 - 0.1 - - - - - - -Insurance and Pension Funding 0.1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Activities Auxiliary to Financial Intermediation 0.4 0.1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.1

Business activities 17.2 1.0 1.3 - 0.5 0.8 3.2 - 3.2 1.9 - - - - - 0.2Real estate 0.6 - - - - - 0.1 - 0.1 - - - - - - -Rental Activities 0.1 - - - - - 0.2 - 0.2 - - - - - - 0.1Computer and related activities 1.8 0.1 0.1 - 0.1 - 0.8 - 0.8 1.9 - - - - - 0.1Research and development - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.1Other business activities 14.6 0.9 1.2 - 0.4 0.8 2.1 - 2.1 - - - - - - 0.2

Unspecified 1.0 0.3 0.6 0.1 0.1 0.4 1.4 0.1 1.3 - - - - - - - 6.6Source: Statistics Finland, unpublished data.Note: Data refer to the number (in thousands) of employees in majority-owned foreign affiliates in Finland.


Table 35a. Employment of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by geographical origin, 1995-2001


Region/economy 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001Total world 74.8 95.3 103.9 127.1 199.5 218.2 219.2

Developed countries 52.7 62.0 77.0 98.5 196.3 214.4 214.2Western Europe 46.1 50.7 63.6 81.0 170.2 188.1 186.4

European Union 34.3 37.3 44.6 60.0 143.9 159.9 157.5Austria - - - - 0.8 1.7 1.9Belgium - - 0.1 0.1 2.4 2.6 3.1Denmark 1.5 6.2 7.6 9.2 15.6 16.3 16.1France 0.3 0.4 2.4 1.8 5.7 6.4 7.7Germany 3.3 3.4 4.5 5.1 9.6 12.8 15.2Ireland - - - - 0.9 1.0 1.3Italy 0.1 0.1 - - 0.9 1.2 1.1Luxembourg - - 0.2 0.2 1.2 1.9 1.6Netherlands 5.9 3.2 3.4 6.1 16.4 17.7 19.6Spain - - - - 0.6 0.8 0.8Sweden 20.9 21.6 23.4 33.4 79.4 87.2 77.1United Kingdom 2.3 2.5 2.8 3.9 10.3 10.4 11.9

Other Western Europe 11.7 13.4 19.0 21.0 26.3 28.2 28.9Gibraltar - - - - - 0.0 - Guernsey - - - - .. - 0.2Liechtenstein - - - - - 0.1 0.1Norway 0.7 1.4 6.6 8.5 12.6 12.3 12.1Switzerland 11.0 12.0 12.4 12.5 13.6 15.8 16.5

North America 6.6 8.9 10.7 14.2 21.3 22.1 23.3Canada - - - - 0.5 0.6 0.6United States 6.6 8.9 10.7 14.2 20.8 21.6 22.7

Other developed countries - 2.3 2.6 3.4 4.8 4.2 4.4Australia - - - - .. - - Japan - 2.3 2.6 3.4 4.8 4.2 4.4

Central and Eastern Europe 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.9 1.9 2.1 2.0Czech Republic - - - - .. - - Estonia - - - - 0.8 0.9 0.9Poland - - - - .. - - Russian Federation 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.2

Unspecified 21.0 32.3 26.0 27.7 1.4 0.8 1.2


Notes: Data refer to the number (in thousands) of employees in foreign affiliates in Finland. Unspecified consists mainly of Bermuda, China,Cyprus, Hong Kong (China), Indonesia, Malaysia, Malta, Panama, Singapore, Turkey and Virgin Islands for which data are not reportedseparately.


Table 35b. Employment of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by geographical origin, 1999-2001


Region/economy 1999 2000 2001Total world 143.9 161.8 176.1

Developed countries 141.6 159.1 172.4Western Europe 117.1 134.8 147.2

European Union 91.6 108.5 120.1Austria 0.8 0.8 1.9Belgium 0.3 0.4 0.4Denmark 14.4 15.9 15.7France 5.2 5.8 6.7Germany 6.6 9.0 9.8Ireland 0.9 0.9 1.3Italy 0.6 0.9 0.9Luxembourg 0.9 1.2 1.5Netherlands 13.4 16.0 15.7Spain 0.6 0.8 0.8Sweden 38.0 47.4 54.4United Kingdom 9.7 9.2 11.1

Other Western Europe 25.5 26.3 27.1Liechtenstein - 0.1 0.1Norway 12.1 11.6 11.6Switzerland 13.3 14.6 15.2

North America 19.9 20.7 21.3Canada 0.5 0.5 0.6United States 19.4 20.2 20.7

Other Developed Countries 4.6 3.6 3.9Australia .. - - Japan 4.6 3.6 3.9

Central and Eastern Europe 0.9 1.1 1.0Czech Republic .. - - Estonia .. 0.1 - Russian Federation 0.9 1.0 1.0



Notes: Data refer to the number (in thousands) of employees in majority-owned foreign affiliates in Finland.Unspecified consists mainly of Bermuda, China, Cyprus, Hong Kong (China), Indonesia, Malaysia, Malta,Panama, Singapore, Turkey and Virgin Islands for which data are not reported separately.


Table 39a. Wages and salaries of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by industry, 1994-2001

(Millions of Euros)


Primary - 15 - - - 14 15 16Mining and quarrying - 15 - - - 14 15 16

Secondary 721 881 1 234 1 164 1 465 2 883 3 130 3 019Food products and beverages 50 59 57 73 51 284 322 330Textiles, clothing and leather 8 8 8 8 17 41 41 46

Textiles 8 8 8 8 17 33 33 26Clothing - - - - - 8 8 20

Wood and wood products 8 31 20 35 55 583 592 114Manufacture of wood products, cork, etc. 8 8 - 14 20 53 51 20Paper and paper products - 23 20 21 35 530 541 94

Publishing and printing 8 8 10 11 18 110 120 127Chemicals and chemical products 56 67 110 160 166 242 261 271Rubber and plastic products 24 27 34 38 47 95 146 164Non-metallic mineral products 76 78 118 98 115 168 180 197Metal and metal products 33 72 136 140 145 159 170 258

Basic metals - - - - - 9 14 69Fabricated metal products 33 72 136 140 145 150 156 189

Machinery and equipment 114 157 205 235 291 422 489 584Electrical and electronic equipment 190 190 336 292 341 440 446 470

Office, accounting and computing machinery 32 - 48 - - 26 - -Electrical machinery and apparatus 136 167 251 230 242 275 299 321Radio, television and communication apparatus 22 23 37 62 99 139 147 149

Precision instruments 27 32 41 48 - 76 94 99Motor vehicles and other transport equipment 122 138 138 - 185 225 227 318

Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers 7 - - - - 28 32 75Other transport equipment 116 138 138 - 185 197 195 243

Other manufacturing 5 12 20 26 34 35 36 36Unspecified secondary - - - - - 5 6 5

Tertiary 710 914 1 205 1 373 1 805 2 456 2 846 3 107Electricity, gas and water - 13 13 - - 34 41 43Construction - 119 133 147 222 260 302 336Trade 513 544 677 769 908 1 070 1 173 1 255

Automotive trade and repair 34 42 76 77 93 133 138 144Wholesale trade 463 485 580 668 781 870 928 995Distributive trade 16 17 20 25 34 67 107 117

Hotels and restaurants - - 33 - 116 85 162 174Transport, storage and communications 32 44 79 128 152 264 366 394

Transport and storage 32 38 69 116 135 172 309 271Land transport including pipelines - - - 40 51 .. 86 98Water transport - - - 1 2 71 68 63Supporting and auxilary transport activities 32 38 69 75 83 102 155 110

Post and communications - 6 10 12 17 29 47 110Unspecified transport, storage and communications - - - - - 63 10 13

Business activities 164 194 270 329 406 743 802 905Real estate 7 7 4 4 13 42 45 33Rental Activities 2 5 5 6 6 .. 12 14Computer and related activities 90 97 112 134 156 198 266 299Research and development - - - - - .. 15 3Other business activities 65 85 150 185 231 494 464 556Unspecified business activities - - - - - 10 - -

Unspecified - 160 127 300 204 80 79 87

Source: Statistics Finland, unpublished data.Note: Data refer to wages and salaries in foreign affiliates in Finland.


Table 39b. Wages and salaries of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by industry, 1999-2001

(Millions of Euros)



Secondary 1 907 2 003 2 283Food products and beverages 141 160 172Textiles, clothing and leather 24 24 22

Textiles 16 16 15Clothing 8 8 7


Publishing and printing 30 33 37Chemicals and chemical products 239 235 260Rubber and plastic products 52 55 65Non-metallic mineral products 125 129 145Metal and metal products 151 168 239

Basic metals 7 14 67Fabricated metal products 144 154 172

Machinery and equipment 322 344 441Electrical and electronic equipment 412 417 439

Office, accounting and computing machinery 26 - -Electrical machinery and apparatus 264 281 300Radio, television and communication apparatus 123 136 139


Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers .. 32 -Other transport equipment 197 190 214

Other manufacturing 30 31 31Unspecified secondary 32 8 33

Tertiary 2 060 2 393 2 690Electricity, gas and water 16 21 24Construction 255 294 320Trade 1 000 1 072 1 186

Automotive trade and repair 123 129 137Wholesale trade 832 861 935Distributive trade 46 82 114

Hotels and restaurants 72 78 84Transport, storage and communications 237 270 349

Transport and storage 156 231 262Land transport including pipelines .. 65 97Water transport 70 68 63Air transport .. .. ..Supporting and auxilary transport activities 86 98 102

Post and communications 19 29 74Unspecified transport, storage and communications 62 10 13

Business activities 481 658 727Real estate 9 43 30Computer and related activities 184 238 249Other business activities 279 364 432Unspecified business activities 9 - - 1


Source: Statistics Finland, unpublished data.Note: Data refer to wages and salaries in majority-owned foreign affiliates in Finland.


Table 39c. Wages and salaries of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by industry and geographical origin, 2001

(Millions of Euros)


L W

OR

LD

Dev

elop

ed

coun

trie

s

Wes

tern

Eur

ope

Euro

pean

Uni

on

Aus

tria

Belg

ium

Luxe

mbo

urg

Den

mar

k

Fran

ce

Ger

man

y

Irela

nd

Italy

Net

herla

nds

Total 6 229 6 024 5 069 4 193 67 109 47 358 218 485 41 35 579Primary 16 6 6 6 - - - - - - 6 - -

Mining and quarrying 16 6 6 6 - - - - - - 6 - -Other mining and quarrying 16 6 6 6 - - - - - - 6 - -

Secondary 3 019 2 845 2 403 1 780 66 6 30 118 79 223 23 27 273Food products and beverages 330 282 282 282 - - - 50 - - - - -Textiles, clothing and leather 46 6 6 6 - - - 6 - - - - -

Textiles 26 - - - - - - - - - - - -Clothing 20 6 6 6 - - - 6 - - - - -

Wood and wood products 114 68 68 52 - - - 13 - - - - -Manufacture of wood products, cork, etc. 20 13 13 13 - - - 13 - - - - -Paper and paper products 94 55 55 39 - - - - - - - - -

Publishing and printing 127 114 108 103 - - - 9 - - - - -Coke, petroleum products and nuclear fuel - - - - - - - - - - - - -Chemicals and chemical products 271 227 167 124 - - - 10 6 42 - - 36Rubber and plastic products 164 138 127 127 - - - 5 - 10 - - 37Non-metallic mineral products 197 184 184 184 - - - 9 19 42 23 - -Metal and metal products 258 141 91 91 - - - - - - - - -

Basic metals 69 32 32 32 - - - - - - - - -Fabricated metal products 189 109 59 59 - - - - - - - - -

Machinery and equipment 584 571 522 326 45 - - - 9 61 - 23 30Electrical and electronic equipment 470 356 273 93 - - - - 11 13 - - 69

Radio, television and communication apparatus 149 83 - - - - - - - - - - -Precision instruments 99 88 12 12 - - - - - - - - -Motor vehicles and other transport equipment 318 192 192 25 - - - - 25 - - - -

Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers 75 - - - - - - - - - - - -Other transport equipment 243 192 192 25 - - - - 25 - - - -

Other manufacturing 36 22 22 22 - - - - - - - - -Tertiary 3 107 2 941 2 448 2 216 1 99 9 236 95 253 5 5 280

Electricity, gas and water 43 40 30 30 - - - - - - - - -Construction 336 315 315 234 - - - 22 - - 4 - -Trade 1 255 1 205 981 877 1 3 9 66 45 169 - 5 142

Automotive trade and repair 144 112 72 72 - - - - - 7 - - 29Wholesale trade 995 958 774 683 - 3 9 35 34 158 - 3 96Distributive trade 117 111 111 102 - - - 31 4 - - - 17

Hotels and restaurants 174 109 109 109 - - - - - - - - -Transport, storage and communications 394 380 371 366 - 10 - 26 31 61 - - 60

Transport and storage 271 253 245 242 - - - 24 16 61 - - 37Land transport including pipelines 98 94 94 94 - - - - 16 26 - - 30Water transport 63 62 62 62 - - - - - - - - -Supporting and auxilary transport activities 110 97 89 86 - - - 24 - 35 - - 7Post and communications 110 91 91 91 - 10 - - - - - - 23

Business activities 905 892 642 600 - 86 - 0 122 19 23 1 - 78Real estate 33 33 31 31 - - - 1 - 1 - - -Rental Activities 14 11 6 6 - - - - - - - - 3Computer and related activities 299 290 148 144 - - - 6 3 11 - - 31Research and development 3 - - - - - - - - - - - -Other business activities 556 552 452 415 - 86 - 115 17 6 1 - 44

Unspecified 87 232 212 191 - 4 8 4 44 9 7 3 26/…


Table 39c. Wages and salaries of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by industry and geographical origin, 2001(continued)

(Millions of Euros)

Sector/industry / Region/economy Spai

n

Swed

en

Uni

ted

King

dom

Oth

er W

este

rn

Euro

pe

Gue

rnse

y

Liec

hten

stei

n

Nor

way

Switz

erla

nd

Nor

th A

mer

ica

Can

ada

Uni

ted

Sta

tes

Total 25 1 870 359 876 6 4 299 567 792 21 771Primary - - - - - - - - - - -

Mining and quarrying - - - - - - - - - - -Other mining and quarrying - - - - - - - - - - -

Secondary - 756 179 623 - - 241 382 427 17 410Food products and beverages - 232 - - - - - - - - -Textiles, clothing and leather - - - - - - - - - - -


Wood and wood products - 39 - 16 - - 16 - - - -Manufacture of wood products, cork, etc. - - - - - - - - - - -Paper and paper products - 39 - 16 - - 16 - - - -

Publishing and printing - 94 - 5 - - 5 - 6 - 6Coke, petroleum products and nuclear fuel - - - - - - - - - - -Chemicals and chemical products - 30 - 43 - - 43 - 60 - 60Rubber and plastic products - 75 - - - - - - 11 - 11Non-metallic mineral products - 29 62 - - - - - - - -Metal and metal products - 86 5 - - - - - 50 - 50

Basic metals - 27 5 - - - - - - - -Fabricated metal products - 59 - - - - - - 50 - 50

Machinery and equipment - 108 50 196 - - 10 186 49 - 49Electrical and electronic equipment - - - 180 - - - 180 83 - 83

Radio, television and communication apparatus - - - - - - - - 83 - 83Precision instruments - 12 - - - - - - 76 - 76Motor vehicles and other transport equipment - - - 167 - - 167 - - - -

Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers - - - - - - - - - - -Other transport equipment - - - 167 - - 167 - - - -

Other manufacturing - 22 - - - - - - - - -Tertiary - 1 064 169 232 - - 57 175 346 - 346

Electricity, gas and water - 30 - - - - - - 10 - 10Construction - 208 - 81 - - - 81 - - -Trade - 395 42 104 - - 38 66 172 - 172

Automotive trade and repair - 36 - - - - - - 26 - 26Wholesale trade - 309 36 91 - - 29 62 146 - 146Distributive trade - 50 - 9 - - 9 - - - -

Hotels and restaurants - 84 25 - - - - - - - -Transport, storage and communications - 112 66 5 - - 1 4 9 - 9

Transport and storage - 42 62 3 - - - 3 8 - 8Land transport including pipelines - 22 - - - - - - - - -Water transport - - 62 - - - - - - - -Supporting and auxilary transport activities - 20 - 3 - - - 3 8 - 8Post and communications - 58 - - - - - - - - -

Business activities - 235 36 42 - - 18 24 155 - 155Real estate - 29 - - - - - - 2 - 2Rental Activities - 3 - - - - - - 5 - 5Computer and related activities - 87 6 4 - - 4 - 48 - 48Research and development - - - - - - - - - - -Other business activities - 116 30 37 - - 14 23 100 - 100

Unspecified 25 50 11 21 6 4 1 10 19 4 15/…


Table 39c. Wages and salaries of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by industry and geographical origin, 2001(concluded)

(Millions of Euros)

Sector/industry / Region/economy Japa

n

Dev

elop

ing

econ

omie

s

Asi

a

Sout

h, E

ast a

nd

Sout

h-Ea

st A

sia

Sin

gapo

re

Cen

tral

and

Ea

ster

n Eu

rope

Est

onia

Rus

sian

Fe

dera

tion

Uns

peci

fied

Total 163 38 38 38 38 57 19 38 110Primary - - - - - - - - 10

Mining and quarrying - - - - - - - - 10Other mining and quarrying - - - - - - - - 10

Secondary 15 38 38 38 38 - - - 136Food products and beverages - - - - - - - - 48Textiles, clothing and leather - - - - - - - - 40



Publishing and printing - - - - - - - - 13Coke, petroleum products and nuclear fuel - - - - - - - - -Chemicals and chemical products - - - - - - - - 44Rubber and plastic products - - - - - - - - 26Non-metallic mineral products - - - - - - - - 13Metal and metal products - 25 25 25 25 - - - 92

Basic metals - - - - - - - - 37Fabricated metal products - 25 25 25 25 - - - 55

Machinery and equipment - - - - - - - - 13Electrical and electronic equipment - 13 13 13 13 - - - 101

Radio, television and communication apparatus - 13 13 13 13 - - - 53Precision instruments - - - - - - - - 11Motor vehicles and other transport equipment - - - - - - - - 126

Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers - - - - - - - - 75Other transport equipment - - - - - - - - 51

Other manufacturing - - - - - - - - 14Tertiary 147 - - - - 38 - 38 128

Electricity, gas and water - - - - - 1 - 1 2Construction - - - - - - - - 21Trade 52 - - - - 36 - 36 14

Automotive trade and repair 14 - - - - 14 - 14 18Wholesale trade 38 - - - - 22 - 22 15Distributive trade - - - - - - - - 6

Hotels and restaurants - - - - - - - - 65Transport, storage and communications - - - - - 1 - 1 13

Transport and storage - - - - - - - - 18Land transport including pipelines - - - - - - - - 4Water transport - - - - - - - - 1Supporting and auxilary transport activities - - - - - - - - 13Post and communications - - - - - - - - 19

Business activities 95 - - - - - - - 13Real estate - - - - - - - - -Rental Activities - - - - - - - - 3Computer and related activities 94 - - - - - - - 9Research and development - - - - - - - - 3Other business activities - - - - - - - - 4

Unspecified 1 - - - - 19 19 - - 164

Source: Statistics Finland, unpublished data.Note: Data refer to wages and salaries in foreign affiliates in Finland.


Table 39d. Wages and salaries of affiliates of foreign TNCs by industry and geographical origin, 2001

(Millions of Euros)


L W

OR

LD

Dev

elop

ed C

ount

ries

Wes

tern

Eur

ope

Euro

pean

Uni

on

Aust

ria

Bel

gium

Luxe

mbo

urg

Den

mar

k

Fran

ce

Ger

man

y

Irela

nd

Total 5 034 4 937 4 048 3 166 66 13 46 349 184 320 40Primary 15 5 5 5 - - - - - - 5

Mining and quarrying 15 5 5 5 - - - - - - 5Secondary 2 283 2 202 1 789 1 141 66 - 30 115 75 84 23

Food products and beverages 172 131 131 131 - - - 50 - - -Textiles, clothing and leather 22 - - - - - - - - - -

Textiles 15 - - - - - - - - - -Clothing 7 - - - - - - - - - -

Wood and wood products 87 41 41 25 - - - 13 - - -Manufacture of wood products, cork, etc. 20 13 13 13 - - - 13 - - -Paper and paper products 67 28 28 12 - - - - - - -

Publishing and printing 37 25 19 14 - - - 7 - - -Chemicals and chemical products 260 215 156 113 - - - 10 - 37 -Rubber and plastic products 65 38 27 27 - - - 5 - 10 -Non-metallic mineral products 145 132 132 132 - - - 9 19 20 23Metal and metal products 239 126 80 80 - - - - - - -

Basic metals 67 27 27 27 - - - - - - -Fabricated metal products 172 99 53 53 - - - - - - -

Machinery and equipment 441 427 378 212 45 - - - 9 1 -Electrical and electronic equipment 439 343 260 80 - - - - 11 - -

Radio, television and communication apparatus 139 83 - - - - - - - - -Precision instruments 98 88 12 12 - - - - - - -Motor vehicles and other transport equipment 214 162 162 - - - - - - - -

Other transport equipment 214 162 162 - - - - - - - -Other manufacturing 31 22 22 22 - - - - - - -

Tertiary 2 591 2 526 2 074 1 856 - 3 9 231 65 229 5Electricity, gas and water 24 - - - - - - - - - -Construction 320 300 300 221 - - - 20 - - 4Trade 1 087 1 143 921 823 - 3 9 64 38 148 -

Automotive trade and repair 137 112 72 72 - - - - - 7 - Wholesale trade 935 906 724 639 - 2 9 34 34 137 -Distributive trade 114 108 108 99 - - - 29 4 - -

Hotels and restaurants 84 30 30 30 - - - - - - -Transport, storage and communications 349 341 332 328 - - - 25 18 61 -

Transport and storage 262 251 243 240 - - - 24 16 61 -Land transport including pipelines 97 94 94 94 - - - - 16 26 -Water transport 63 62 62 62 - - - - - - -Supporting and auxilary transport activities 102 95 87 84 - - - 24 - 35 -

Post and communications 74 68 68 68 - - - - - - -Business activities 727 712 491 454 - - - 122 9 20 1

Real estate 30 29 27 27 - - - 1 - - -Rental Activities 14 11 6 6 - - - - - - -Computer and related activities 249 239 121 119 - - - 6 - 11 -Research and development 3 - - - - - - - - - -Other business activities 432 423 328 294 - - - 115 7 4 1

Unspecified 145 204 180 164 - 10 7 3 44 7 7/…


Table 39d. Wages and salaries of affiliates of foreign TNCs by industry and geographical origin, 2001(continued)

(Millions of Euros)

Sector/industry / Region/economy Italy

Net

herla

nds

Spai

n

Swed

en

Uni

ted

King

dom

Oth

er W

este

rn

Euro

pe

Liec

hten

stei

n

Nor

way

Switz

erla

nd

Nor

th A

mer

ica

Can

ada

Total 28 465 25 1 301 329 882 4 355 523 741 21Primary - - - - - - - - - - -

Mining and quarrying - - - - - - - - - - -Secondary 20 178 - 392 158 648 - 302 346 398 17

Food products and beverages - - - 81 - - - - - - -Textiles, clothing and leather - - - - - - - - - - -


Wood and wood products - - - 12 - 16 - 16 - - -Manufacture of wood products, cork, etc. - - - - - - - - - - -Paper and paper products - - - 12 - 16 - 16 - - -

Publishing and printing - - - 7 - 5 - 5 - 6 -Chemicals and chemical products - 36 - 30 - 43 - 43 - 59 -Rubber and plastic products - - - 12 - - - - - 11 -Non-metallic mineral products - - - - 61 - - - - - -Metal and metal products - - - 80 - - - - - 46 -

Basic metals - - - 27 - - - - - - -Fabricated metal products - - - 53 - - - - - 46 -

Machinery and equipment 16 - - 108 33 166 - 10 156 49 -Electrical and electronic equipment - 69 - - - 180 - - 180 83 -

Radio, television and communication apparatus - - - - - - - - - 83 -Precision instruments - - - 12 - - - - - 76 -Motor vehicles and other transport equipment - - - - - 162 - 162 - - -

Other transport equipment - - - - - 162 - 162 - - -Other manufacturing - - - 22 - - - - - - -

Tertiary 4 272 - 878 160 218 - 50 168 321 -Electricity, gas and water - - - - - - - - - - -Construction - - - 197 - 79 - - 79 - -Trade 4 140 - 375 42 98 - 35 63 170 -

Automotive trade and repair - 29 - 36 - - - - - 26 - Wholesale trade 3 94 - 290 36 85 - 26 59 144 -Distributive trade - 17 - 49 - 9 - 9 - - -

Hotels and restaurants - - - 5 25 - - - - - -Transport, storage and communications - 59 - 99 66 4 - - 4 9 -

Transport and storage - 36 - 41 62 3 - - 3 8 -Land transport including pipelines - 30 - 22 - - - - - - -Water transport - - - - 62 - - - - - -Supporting and auxilary transport activities - 6 - 19 - 3 - - 3 8 -

Post and communications - 23 - 45 - - - - - - -Business activities - 73 - 202 27 37 - 15 22 142 -

Real estate - - - 26 - - - - - 2 -Rental Activities - 3 - 3 - - - - - 5 -Computer and related activities - 28 - 72 2 2 - 2 - 40 -Research and development - - - - - - - - - - -Other business activities - 42 - 100 25 34 - 13 21 95 -

Unspecified 4 15 25 31 11 16 4 3 9 22 4/…


Table 39d. Wages and salaries of affiliates of foreign TNCs by industry and geographical origin, 2001(concluded)

(Millions of Euros)


ted

Stat

es

Oth

er D

evel

oped

C

ount

ries

Japa

n

Dev

elop

ing

Cou

ntrie

s

Asi

a

Sout

h, E

ast a

nd

Sout

h-Ea

st A

sia

Sing

apor

e

Cen

tral

and

Eas

tern

Eu

rope

Rus

sian

Fed

erat

ion

Uns

peci

fied

Total 720 148 148 38 38 38 38 32 32 27Primary - - - - - - - - - 10

Mining and quarrying - - - - - - - - - 10Secondary 381 15 15 38 38 38 38 - - 43

Food products and beverages - - - - - - - - - 41Textiles, clothing and leather - - - - - - - - - 22

Textiles - - - - - - - - - 15Clothing - - - - - - - - - 7

Wood and wood products - - - - - - - - - 46Manufacture of wood products, cork, etc. - - - - - - - - - 7Paper and paper products - - - - - - - - - 39

Publishing and printing 6 - - - - - - - - 12Chemicals and chemical products 59 - - - - - - - - 45Rubber and plastic products 11 - - - - - - - - 27Non-metallic mineral products - - - - - - - - - 13Metal and metal products 46 - - 25 25 25 25 - - 88

Basic metals - - - - - - - - - 40Fabricated metal products 46 - - 25 25 25 25 - - 48

Machinery and equipment 49 - - - - - - - - 14Electrical and electronic equipment 83 - - - - - - - - 96

Radio, television and communication apparatus 83 - - - - - - - - 56Precision instruments 76 - - - - - - - - 10Motor vehicles and other transport equipment - - - - - - - - - 52

Other transport equipment - - - - - - - - - 52Other manufacturing - - - - - - - - - 9

Tertiary 321 131 131 - - - - 31 31 34Electricity, gas and water - - - - - - - - - 24Construction - - - - - - - - - 20Trade 170 52 52 - - - - 30 30 - 86

Automotive trade and repair 26 14 14 - - - - 14 14 11 Wholesale trade 144 38 38 - - - - 16 16 13Distributive trade - - - - - - - - - 6

Hotels and restaurants - - - - - - - - - 54Transport, storage and communications 9 - - - - - - 1 1 7

Transport and storage 8 - - - - - - - - 11Land transport including pipelines - - - - - - - - - 3Water transport - - - - - - - - - 1Supporting and auxilary transport activities 8 - - - - - - - - 7

Post and communications - - - - - - - - - 6Business activities 142 79 79 - - - - - - 15

Real estate 2 - - - - - - - - 1Rental Activities 5 - - - - - - - - 3Computer and related activities 40 78 78 - - - - - - 10Research and development - - - - - - - - - 3Other business activities 95 - - - - - - - - 9

Unspecified 18 2 2 - - - - 1 1 - 60Source: Statistics Finland, unpublished data.Note: Data refer to wages and salaries in majority-owned foreign affiliates in Finland.


Table 40a. Wages and salaries of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by geographical origin, 1995-2001

(Millions of Euros)

Region/economy 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001Total world 1 970.6 2 566.1 2 838.0 3 472.8 5 433.6 6 070.0 6 229.0

Developed countries 1 427.5 1 711.1 2 135.8 2 732.6 5 344.5 5 973.0 6 094.0Western Europe 1 221.2 1 327.7 1 679.1 2 142.5 4 508.7 5 096.0 5 139.0

European Union 896.2 952.8 1 135.4 1 535.7 3 719.7 4 225.0 4 192.0Austria - 1.8 1.8 2.0 24.9 59.0 67.0Belgium - - 5.1 4.6 80.4 89.0 109.0Denmark 40.3 106.0 120.9 153.8 326.1 348.0 358.0France 7.9 10.5 54.9 48.7 156.5 178.0 218.0Germany 95.5 106.9 137.6 164.7 285.6 446.0 485.0Ireland - - - - 27.9 28.0 41.0Italy 3.8 3.9 2.9 0.9 27.5 43.0 35.0Luxembourg - - 4.9 4.2 31.2 47.0 47.0Netherlands 178.2 94.7 101.8 187.1 435.1 470.0 578.0Spain - - - - 12.2 21.0 25.0Sweden 508.1 558.3 624.9 856.3 2 007.9 2 170.0 1 870.0United Kingdom 62.5 70.7 80.5 113.4 304.4 326.0 359.0

Other Western Europe 325.0 374.9 543.7 606.8 789.0 871.0 947.0Gibraltar - - - - 0.7 1.0 - Guernsey - - - - .. - 6.0Liechtenstein - - - - 3.0 3.0 4.0Norway 21.9 39.9 177.6 233.9 372.8 346.0 370.0Switzerland 303.1 335.0 366.1 372.9 412.5 521.0 567.0


Other developed countries 0.9 79.7 94.7 128.9 172.8 147.0 163.0Australia - - - - .. - - Japan 0.9 79.7 94.7 128.9 172.8 147.0 163.0


Unspecified 515.6 826.7 674.6 710.8 36.2 24.0 39.0


Notes: Data refer to wages and salaries in foreign affiliates in Finland. Unspecified consists mainly ofBermuda, China, Cyprus, Hong Kong (China), Indonesia, Malaysia, Malta, Panama, Singapore, Turkeyand Virgin Islands for which data are not reported separately.


Table 40b. Wages and salaries of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by geographical origin, 1999-2001

(Millions of Euros)

Region/economy 1999 2000 2001Total world 4 030.9 4 444.0 5 034.0

Developed countries 3 964.7 4 369.0 4 939.0Western Europe 3 163.6 3 543.0 4 051.0

European Union 2 401.0 2 733.0 3 165.0Austria 24.4 25.0 66.0Belgium 9.2 13.0 13.0Denmark 296.0 338.0 349.0France 141.9 160.0 184.0Germany 210.7 313.0 320.0Ireland 26.9 27.0 40.0Italy 15.2 29.0 27.0Luxembourg 26.0 35.0 46.0Netherlands 355.0 427.0 465.0Spain 12.2 21.0 25.0Sweden 998.7 1 061.0 1 301.0United Kingdom 284.7 284.0 329.0

Other Western Europe 762.6 810.0 886.0Liechtenstein 3.0 3.0 4.0Norway 357.1 326.0 355.0Switzerland 402.6 481.0 523.0


Other developed countries 169.5 131.0 147.0Australia .. - - Japan 169.5 131.0 147.0

Central and Eastern Europe 30.3 33.0 32.0Czech Republic .. - - Estonia .. 2.0 - Russian Federation 30.3 31.0 32.0



Notes: Data refer to wages and salaries in majority-owned foreign affiliates in Finland.Unspecified consists mainly of Bermuda, China, Cyprus, Hong Kong (China), Indonesia,Malaysia, Malta, Panama, Singapore, Turkey and Virgin Islands for which data are notreported separately.


Table 42. Sales of foreign affiliates of home-based TNCs, by industry in the foreign economy, 1995-2002

(Millions of Euros)


Primary 4 917 4 463 5 688 .. .. .. .. - Agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishing 4 917 4 463 5 688 .. .. .. .. -

Forestry logging and related activities 4 917 4 463 5 688 .. .. .. .. - Secondary 16 693 18 922 21 241 33 887 43 882 58 730 64 133 63 654

Chemicals and chemical products 3 512 3 790 4 463 4 633 .. .. .. - Metal and metal products 10 646 12 147 13 279 14 073 .. .. .. - Other manufacturing 2 535 2 985 3 499 3 364 .. .. .. -

Tertiary .. 11 853 16 809 27 374 36 107 50 494 50 148 61 256Construction .. - - 403 687 - - -Trade .. 10 285 14 875 21 404 27 828 40 293 36 134 46 503

Wholesale trade .. - 14 769 21 283 26 773 39 315 35 019 45 382Transport, storage and communications .. - 545 787 853 963 1 326 1 168

Transport and storage .. - 214 360 458 - 716 546 Land transport .. - - - 57 - - - Water transport .. - 214 360 - - 621 183

Post and communications .. - - - 395 - - -Finance .. 887 1 026 4 441 4 067 7 626 11 466 12 017

Financial intermediation .. - 896 4 375 - 7 626 11 466 12 017Monetary intermediation .. - 867 4 358 - 7 411 10 999 11 175Other financial intermediation .. - 29 17 - - - -

Insurance and pension funding .. - 130 66 - - - -Business activities .. - 361 339 2 298 1 459 1 222 1 382

Real estate .. - 24 11 20 16 40 33Computer and related activities .. - - - 881 869 693 750Research and development .. - - 25 - - - -Other business activities .. - 327 302 1 384 567 487 599

Other services .. 680 2 - 375 - - -Unspecified .. 828 1 407 487 627 2 481 2 386 3 378


Note: Data refer to sales in majority-owned foreign affiliates of home-based TNCs abroad.


Table 43a. Sales of foreign affiliates of home-based TNCs, by geographical location abroad, 1996-2002(Millions of Euros)


Developed countries 32 672 40 899 55 661 69 058 91 493 91 156 101 803Western Europe 24 769 30 941 43 234 52 153 68 377 73 994 78 827

European Union 23 521 29 585 41 560 49 464 63 090 68 005 71 915Austria 231 379 745 951 1 663 1 500 1 964Belgium / Luxembourg 484 617 764 1 037 1 100 1 276 1 167Denmark 997 1 015 1 824 2 074 2 269 6 637 6 270France 2 380 3 258 3 733 4 763 5 435 5 783 5 642Germany 4 892 6 040 7 283 8 704 12 635 13 294 12 611Greece - 39 64 94 123 - 123Ireland - 243 222 398 792 678 525Italy 936 1 362 1 739 1 971 2 755 2 777 3 143Netherlands 2 351 2 476 2 515 2 940 3 485 3 439 5 348Portugal - 78 88 282 374 468 400Spain 532 684 900 1 269 1 680 1 610 1 665Sweden 6 693 7 894 15 973 18 031 20 476 21 734 24 314United Kingdom 3 694 5 500 5 712 6 950 10 304 8 657 8 741

Other Western Europe 1 248 1 357 1 674 2 689 5 287 5 989 6 912Norway 725 816 1 068 1 356 4 258 5 022 5 925Switzerland 42 541 606 1 333 1 029 966 987

North America 7 903 9 033 11 220 14 812 21 111 15 364 20 797Canada 988 1 592 1 332 1 395 1 220 1 447 1 404United States 6 915 7 441 9 888 13 417 19 892 13 917 19 393

Other developed countries - 925 1 207 2 093 2 005 1 798 2 180Australia - 525 556 1 004 1 233 1 154 1 028Japan - 400 651 816 646 413 609New Zealand - - - 143 - 144 145South Africa - - - 130 125 86 398

Developing economies 2 747 3 196 4 732 8 228 14 440 18 820 19 003Africa 46 32 51 26 16 32 21

North Africa .. 8 8 5 .. - - Other Africa .. 24 43 21 .. - -

Latin America and the Caribbean 440 718 1 022 1 578 2 276 2 416 2 717South America .. 410 662 1 105 1 702 1 626 2 112

Argentina .. 27 33 - 126 41 5Brazil .. 250 519 805 1 403 1 393 1 898Chile .. 133 109 122 78 14 103

Other Latin America and Caribbean .. 308 360 474 574 790 605Mexico .. 39 99 304 469 661 462

Asia 2 261 2 445 3 660 6 604 12 148 16 372 16 266West Asia .. 122 42 124 543 205 473

Cyprus .. - - - 1 - - Saudi Arabia .. - - - 10 - - Turkey .. 106 34 104 518 205 328Unspecified West Asia .. 16 8 20 14 - 144

South, East and South-East Asia .. 2 323 3 617 6 479 11 605 16 167 15 793China .. - - 1 149 2 123 4 227 4 749Hong Kong, China .. 949 1 524 2 470 4 373 6 175 5 816India .. 69 71 158 198 180 285Indonesia .. - - 23 37 78 111Malaysia .. 13 45 85 141 124 139Philippines .. - - - 86 79 89Republic of Korea .. - - 1 369 2 692 - 2 604Singapore .. 610 389 559 843 900 967Thailand .. - - 81 329 733 469

The Pacific - - - 20 - - - Central and Eastern Europe - 790 946 3 294 5 593 6 545 7 437

Czech Republic - - 41 175 975 270 269Estonia - 120 137 982 1 109 1 271 1 550Hungary - - - 397 1 108 1 867 2 158Latvia - 70 178 267 420 436 547Lithuania - 28 30 213 281 249 389Poland - 429 559 947 1 229 1 485 1 500Romania - 144 - 311 471 16 - Russian Federation - 144 - 311 471 923 1 003Slovakia - 144 - 311 471 28 20Ukraine - - - 1 - - -

Unspecified 647 261 408 36 179 146 45

Source: Bank of Finland, unpublished data.Note: Data refer to sales in majority-owned foreign affiliates of home-based TNCs abroad.


Table 43b. Sales of foreign affiliates of home-based TNCs, by industry and geographical location abroad, 2002

(Millions of Euros)

Region/economy / Sector/industry Tota

l

Seco

ndar

y

Tert

iary

Trad

e

Who

lesa

le tr

ade

Tran

spor

t, st

orag

e an

d co

mm

unic

atio

ns

Tran

spor

t and

sto

rage

Wat

er tr

ansp

ort

Fina

ncia

l In

term

edia

tion

Mon

etar

y in

term

edia

tion

Busi

ness

act

iviti

es

Rea

l est

ate

Com

pute

r and

rela

ted

activ

ities

Oth

er b

usin

ess

activ

ities

Uns

peci

fied

TOTAL WORLD 128 288 63 654 61 256 46 503 45 382 1 168 546 183 12 017 11 175 1 382 33 750 599 3 378Developed Countries 101 803 53 984 44 706 29 701 29 330 705 217 113 8 686 - 1 205 28 632 429 3 114

Western Europe 78 827 41 981 33 824 20 578 20 230 705 217 113 8 686 - 1 097 28 554 400 3 021European Union 71 915 39 896 29 488 19 059 18 718 705 217 113 8 686 - 883 28 554 300 2 530

Austria 1 964 1 385 579 579 579 - - - - - - - - - -Belgium 1 165 - 646 - - - - - - - - - - - 519Luxembourg 1 - 1 - - - - - - - - - - - -Denmark 6 270 554 5 663 1 568 1 568 - - - - - 29 - 21 8 54France 5 642 2 839 2 803 2 774 2 763 - - - - - 28 - - 23 -Germany 12 611 10 382 2 135 1 748 1 747 282 - - - - 105 - 38 67 94Greece 123 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 123Ireland 525 110 397 - - - - - - - - - - - 18Italy 3 143 1 398 1 745 1 709 1 704 - - - - - 29 - - 1 -Netherlands 5 348 2 928 2 179 1 505 1 505 21 - - - - 11 - - 10 241Portugal 400 73 327 327 327 - - - - - - - - - -Spain 1 665 560 1 105 1 092 1 083 - - - - - 14 - - - -Sweden 24 314 13 041 9 334 4 584 4 288 197 136 93 - - 630 - 486 143 1 939United Kingdom 8 741 6 106 2 450 2 008 1 990 - - - - - 37 - 1 36 185

Other Western Europe 6 912 2 086 4 336 1 519 1 512 - - - - - 214 - - 99 490Norway 5 925 1 379 4 055 1 302 1 295 - - - - - 150 - - 36 490Switzerland 987 706 281 217 217 - - - - - 64 - - 64 -

North America 20 797 10 734 10 063 9 123 9 101 - - - - - 108 - 78 29 -Canada 1 404 1 155 248 - - - - - - - - - - - -United States 19 393 9 578 9 815 9 123 9 101 - - - - - 108 - 78 29 -

Other Developed Countries 2 180 1 269 819 - - - - - - - - - - - 93Australia 1 028 317 710 - - - - - - - - - - - -Japan 609 501 109 - - - - - - - - - - - -New Zealand 145 98 - - - - - - - - - - - - 46South Africa 398 352 - - - - - - - - - - - - 47

Developing Countries 19 003 5 815 12 793 10 755 10 755 - - - - - 24 - - 21 395Africa 21 - 67 - - - - - - - - - - - - 47Latin America and the Caribbean 2 717 701 2 016 - - - - - - - - - - - 0

South America 2 112 618 1 494 - - - - - - - - - - - 0Argentina 5 - 2 - - - - - - - - - - - 3Brazil 1 898 574 1 324 - - - - - - - - - - - -Chile 103 - 74 - - - - - - - - - - - 29Uruguay 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1

Other Latin America and Caribbean 605 83 522 - - - - - - - - - - - -Mexico 462 73 389 - - - - - - - - - - - -

Asia 16 266 5 115 10 709 10 755 10 755 - - - - - 24 - - 21 442West Asia 473 31 - - - - - - - - - - - - 442

Turkey 328 31 - - - - - - - - - - - - 297South, East and South-East Asia 15 793 5 084 10 709 10 755 10 755 - - - - - 24 - - 21 -

China 4 749 1 660 3 089 - - - - - - - - - - - -Hong Kong, China 5 816 353 5 463 - - - - - - - - - - - -India 285 83 202 - - - - - - - - - - - -Indonesia 111 63 48 - - - - - - - - - - - -Malaysia 139 121 - - - - - - - - - - - - 18Philippines 89 - 89 - - - - - - - - - - - -Republic of Korea 2 604 2 579 - - - - - - - - - - - - 26Singapore 967 99 868 - - - - - - - - - - - -Thailand 469 116 353 - - - - - - - - - - - -

Central and Eastern Europe 7 437 3 783 3 276 2 689 1 940 271 - - - - 91 2 - 88 377Estonia 1 550 490 856 653 263 93 - - - - 15 2 - 14 203Latvia 547 66 397 369 266 - - - - - 5 - - 5 84Lithuania 389 141 225 184 149 - - - - - 12 - - 11 22Czech Republic 269 79 190 186 186 - - - - - 4 - - 4 -Hungary 2 158 2 096 25 19 19 - - - - - - - - - 36Poland 1 500 511 987 915 837 - - - - - 2 - - 2 3Russian Federation 1 003 399 595 363 219 178 - - - - 53 - - 53 9Slovakia 20 - 0 - - - - - - - - - - - 20

Unspecified 45 72 481 3 357 3 357 191 329 70 3 331 11 175 62 3 117 61 - 508

Source: Bank of Finland, unpublished data.Notes: Data refer to sales in majority-owned foreign affiliates of home-based TNCs abroad. Data shown here may not be comparable to those in tables 42 and 43a as the composition of industries/sectors and regions are not the same.


Table 44a. Sales of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by industry, 1994-2001

(Millions of Euros)

Sector/industry 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001Total 12 897.1 16 744.6 22 773.2 26 187.9 30 526.5 48 441.9 55 807.0 52 958.0

Primary - 97.6 - - - 128.3 133.0 139.0Mining and quarrying - 97.6 - - - 128.3 133.0 139.0

Secondary 4 821.7 5 502.2 8 861.2 8 423.2 10 205.2 22 213.7 25 008.0 21 098.0Food products and beverages 406.9 443.0 486.5 603.5 414.3 2 106.8 2 247.0 2 428.0Textiles, clothing and leather 41.4 46.1 41.8 43.0 107.8 215.2 215.0 216.0

Textiles 41.4 46.1 41.8 43.0 107.8 166.9 165.0 130.0Clothing - - - - - 48.2 50.0 86.0

Wood and wood products 65.2 314.7 247.8 389.3 528.1 6 541.8 7 194.0 814.0Manufacture of wood products, cork, etc. 65.2 66.3 - 138.7 186.9 610.5 584.0 136.0Paper and paper products - 248.4 247.8 250.6 341.2 5 931.3 6 610.0 678.0

Publishing and printing 69.9 74.1 94.3 105.5 126.0 591.2 591.5 625.7Chemicals and chemical products 617.4 732.2 1 177.3 1 747.9 1 764.2 2 494.8 3 091.0 3 153.0Rubber and plastic products 143.6 163.7 205.6 232.7 288.2 497.8 760.0 777.0Non-metallic mineral products 491.6 418.1 642.7 694.9 779.9 1 090.3 1 226.0 1 315.0Metal and metal products 167.1 441.5 845.8 887.5 842.9 944.9 1 443.0 1 840.0

Basic metals - - - - - 48.2 436.0 753.0Fabricated metal products 167.1 441.5 845.8 887.5 842.9 896.7 1 007.0 1 087.0

Machinery and equipment 777.0 936.1 1 145.0 1 386.4 1 692.0 2 237.5 2 663.0 3 469.0Electrical and electronic equipment 1 467.7 1 141.7 2 566.5 1 990.3 2 302.5 3 403.6 3 283.0 3 424.0

Office, accounting and computing machinery 484.0 - 705.6 - - 630.9 - - Electrical machinery and apparatus 786.2 995.1 1 585.3 1 439.7 1 530.4 1 748.6 2 052.0 2 303.0Radio, television and communication apparatus 197.5 146.7 275.6 550.5 772.1 1 024.0 1 231.0 1 121.0

Precision instruments 100.5 116.0 170.2 234.8 - 370.8 454.0 508.0Motor vehicles and other transport equipment 449.5 625.6 1 162.5 - 1 202.9 1 446.9 1 472.0 2 142.0

Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers 43.7 - - - - 140.8 170.0 292.0Other transport equipment 405.8 625.6 1 162.5 - 1 202.9 1 306.1 1 302.0 1 850.0

Other manufacturing 24.0 49.4 75.1 107.4 156.4 179.4 182.0 194.0Unspecified other manufacturing 24.0 49.4 75.1 107.4 156.4 - - -

Unspecified secondary - - - - - 92.9 139.0 143.0Tertiary 8 075.4 9 940.3 13 128.4 15 349.8 18 695.0 25 676.9 30 288.0 31 344.0

Electricity, gas and water - 137.4 151.4 - - 493.9 746.0 938.0Construction - 721.4 860.9 1 037.2 1 644.1 2 010.3 2 315.0 2 319.0Trade 6 928.5 7 609.0 10 012.4 11 700.1 13 495.9 17 499.1 20 845.0 21 232.0

Automotive trade and repair 893.6 1 199.1 2 089.7 2 281.4 2 710.9 3 310.0 3 304.0 3 247.0Wholesale trade 5 869.9 6 229.9 7 714.7 9 160.0 10 449.7 13 063.0 15 947.0 16 308.0Distributive trade 165.0 179.9 207.9 258.8 335.3 1 126.1 1 594.0 1 677.0

Hotels and restaurants - - 105.8 - 386.0 300.7 543.0 589.0Transport, storage and communications 417.8 523.9 867.5 1 251.8 1 447.2 2 209.1 2 608.0 3 040.0

Transport and storage 417.8 490.3 801.8 1 185.8 1 356.5 1 825.8 2 238.0 2 319.0Land transport including pipelines - - - 131.4 169.2 .. 317.0 376.0Water transport - - - 49.2 55.2 557.3 554.0 546.0Air transport - - - - - .. - - Supporting and auxilary transport activities 417.8 490.3 801.8 1 005.2 1 132.2 1 268.5 1 367.0 1 397.0

Post and communications - 33.6 65.6 65.9 90.7 154.6 279.0 615.0Unspecified transport, storage and communications - - - - - 228.7 91.0 106.0

Business activities 729.2 948.7 1 130.5 1 360.7 1 721.8 3 163.7 3 231.0 3 226.0Real estate 26.2 29.8 10.6 20.2 31.1 279.8 320.0 236.0Rental Activities 33.5 77.0 79.4 114.5 129.7 .. 196.0 207.0Computer and related activities 417.4 395.4 430.0 472.3 641.1 785.3 990.0 975.0Research and development - - - - - .. 34.0 9.0Other business activities 252.0 446.6 610.5 753.7 919.8 1 949.2 1 691.0 1 799.0Unspecified business activities - - - - - 149.5 - -

Unspecified - 1 204.5 783.5 2 414.9 1 626.3 423.0 378.0 377.0

Source: Statistics Finland, unpublished data.Note: Data refer to sales of foreign affiliates in Finland.


Table 44b. Sales of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by industry, 1999-2001

(Millions of Euros)

Sector/industry 1999 2000 2001Total 35 747.4 40 630.0 44 980.0


Secondary 13 738.5 14 987.0 17 236.0Food products and beverages 1 148.8 1 153.0 1 291.0Textiles, clothing and leather 151.9 152.0 133.0Textiles 104.0 102.0 91.0

Clothing 47.9 50.0 42.0Leather and leather products .. - -

Wood and wood products 627.6 642.0 619.0Manufacture of wood products, cork, etc. 198.9 133.0 136.0Paper and paper products 428.7 509.0 483.0

Publishing etc. printing 211.1 247.0 291.0Coke, petroleum products and nuclear fuel .. - - Chemicals and chemical products 2 464.4 2 870.0 3 055.0Rubber and plastic products 294.9 329.0 384.0Non-metallic mineral products 845.1 916.0 1 008.0Metal and metal products 907.4 1 435.0 1 742.0

Basic metals 35.4 436.0 721.0Fabricated metal products 872.1 999.0 1 021.0

Machinery and equipment 1 787.0 1 918.0 2 727.0Electrical and electronic equipment 3 238.0 3 122.0 3 264.0

Office, accounting and computing machinery 630.9 - - Electrical machinery and apparatus 1 652.7 1 922.0 2 164.0Radio, television and communication apparatus 954.4 1 200.0 1 100.0

Precision instruments 365.1 448.0 503.0Motor vehicles and other transport equipment 1 306.1 1 452.0 1 759.0

Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers .. 164.0 - Other transport equipment 1 306.1 1 288.0 1 759.0

Other manufacturing 163.5 165.0 172.0Recycling .. - - Unspecified secondary 227.8 138.0 288.0

Tertiary 21 676.9 25 364.0 27 439.0Electricity, gas and water 329.8 538.0 703.0Construction 1 982.4 2 257.0 2 270.0Trade 15 087.9 17 497.0 18 812.0

Automotive trade and repair 3 143.9 3 201.0 3 204.0Wholesale trade 11 446.1 13 334.0 13 953.0Distributive trade 498.0 962.0 1 655.0

Hotels and restaurants 263.8 290.0 311.0Transport, storage and communications 2 057.4 2 267.0 2 808.0

Transport and storage 1 726.7 1 970.0 2 261.0Land transport including pipelines .. 213.0 367.0Water transport 549.0 554.0 546.0Air transport .. - - Supporting and auxilary transport activities 1 177.7 1 203.0 1 348.0

Post and communications 118.7 205.0 441.0Business activities 1 955.6 2 515.0 2 535.0

Real estate 28.4 198.0 97.0Rental Activities .. 170.0 204.0Computer and related activities 744.7 861.0 834.0Research and development .. 4.0 9.0Other business activities 1 039.3 1 282.0 1 391.0

Unspecified 206.4 153.0 173.0

Source: Statistics Finland, unpublished data.Note: Data refer to sales of majority-owned foreign affiliates in Finland.


Table 44c. Sales of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by industry and geographical origin, 2001

(Millions of Euros)

Region/economy / Sector/industry TOTA

L W

OR

LD

Dev

elop

ed

Cou

ntrie

s

Wes

tern

Eur

ope

Euro

pean

Uni

on

Aus

tria

Bel

gium

Luxe

mbo

urg

Den

mar

k

Fran

ce

Ger

man

y

Irela

nd

Italy

Total 52 958 49 336 39 553 32 552 498 379 397 2 610 1 552 4 485 411 190Primary 139 32 32 32 - - - - - - 32 -

Mining and quarrying 139 32 32 32 - - - - - - 32 -Secondary 21 098 19 820 15 905 11 399 492 38 277 1 129 672 1 331 268 121

Food products and beverages 2 428 2 056 2 056 2 056 - - - 606 - - - -Textiles, clothing and leather 216 40 40 40 - - - 40 - - - -



Publishing and printing 675 562 516 460 - - 1 52 - - - -Coke, petroleum products and nuclear fuel - - - - - - - - - - - -Chemicals and chemical products 3 153 2 670 1 754 1 185 - - - 159 107 283 - -Rubber and plastic products 777 620 551 551 - - - 33 - 54 - -Non-metallic mineral products 1 315 1 235 1 235 1 235 - - - 55 132 344 268 -Metal and metal products 1 840 874 490 490 - - - - - - - -

Basic metals 753 227 227 227 - - - - - - - -Fabricated metal products 1 087 647 263 263 - - - - - - - -

Machinery and equipment 3 469 3 369 3 090 2 079 345 - - - 56 365 - 101Electrical and electronic equipment 3 424 2 744 1 958 692 - - - - 54 75 - -

Radio, television and communication apparatus 1 121 786 - - - - - - - - - -Precision instruments 508 440 60 60 - - - - - - - -Motor vehicles and other transport equipment 2 142 1 651 1 651 274 - - - - 274 - - -

Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers 292 - - - - - - - - - - -Other transport equipment 1 850 1 651 1 651 274 - - - - 274 - - -

Other manufacturing 194 118 118 118 - - - - - - - -Tertiary 31 344 28 376 22 610 20 295 6 317 97 1 456 750 3 117 30 56

Electricity, gas and water 938 910 627 627 - - - - - - - -Construction 2 319 2 213 2 213 1 868 - - - 91 - - 22 -Trade 21 232 18 711 14 382 12 643 6 47 97 847 520 2 223 - 56

Automotive trade and repair 3 247 2 690 1 065 1 065 - - - - - 190 - - Wholesale trade 16 308 14 090 11 387 9 836 6 15 97 396 397 2 014 - 39Distributive trade 1 677 1 649 1 648 1 525 - - - 451 83 - - -

Hotels and restaurants 589 399 399 399 - - - - - - - -Transport, storage and communications 3 040 2 941 2 831 2 735 - 49 - 281 135 768 - -

Transport and storage 2 319 2 152 2 050 1 982 - - - 251 40 718 - -Land transport including pipelines 376 336 336 336 - - - - 40 118 - -Water transport 546 484 484 484 - - - - - - - -Supporting and auxilary transport activities 1 397 1 332 1 230 1 162 - - - 251 - 600 - -Post and communications 615 464 464 464 - 49 - - - - - -

Business activities 3 226 3 202 2 158 2 023 - 221 - 237 95 126 8 -Real estate 236 236 229 228 - - - 4 - 5 - -Rental Activities 207 168 30 30 - - - - - - - -Computer and related activities 975 949 439 428 - 2 - 16 9 65 - -Research and development 9 - - - - - - - - - - -Other business activities 1 799 1 791 1 406 1 288 - 218 - 212 86 21 8 -

Unspecified 377 1 108 1 006 826 - 24 23 25 130 37 81 13/…


Table 44c. Sales of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by industry and geographical origin, 2001(continued)

(Millions of Euros)

Region/economy / Sector/industry Net

herla

nds

Spa

in

Sw

eden

Uni

ted

Kin

gdom

Oth

er W

este

rn

Euro

pe

Gue

rnse

y

Liec

hten

stei

n

Nor

way

Sw

itzer

land

Nor

th A

mer

ica

Can

ada

Total 4 789 105 14 720 2 416 7 001 54 19 3 001 3 927 7 898 176Primary - - - - - - - - - - -

Mining and quarrying - - - - - - - - - - -Secondary 1 786 - 4 259 1 026 4 506 - - 2 143 2 363 3 789 128

Food products and beverages - - 1 450 - - - - - - - -Textiles, clothing and leather - - - - - - - - - - -


Wood and wood products - - 255 - 95 - - 95 - - -Manufacture of wood products, cork, etc. - - - - - - - - - - -Paper and paper products - - 255 - 95 - - 95 - - -

Publishing and printing - - 407 - 56 - - 56 - 46 -Coke, petroleum products and nuclear fuel - - - - - - - - - - -Chemicals and chemical products 413 - 223 - 569 - - 569 - 916 -Rubber and plastic products 142 - 322 - - - - - - 69 -Non-metallic mineral products - - 149 287 - - - - - - -Metal and metal products - - 436 54 - - - - - 384 -

Basic metals - - 173 54 - - - - - - -Fabricated metal products - - 263 - - - - - - 384 -

Machinery and equipment 138 - 729 345 1 011 - - 46 965 279 -Electrical and electronic equipment 563 - - - 1 266 - - - 1 266 786 -

Radio, television and communication apparatus - - - - - - - - - 786 -Precision instruments - - 60 - - - - - - 380 -Motor vehicles and other transport equipment - - - - 1 377 - - 1 377 - - -

Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers - - - - - - - - - - -Other transport equipment - - - - 1 377 - - 1 377 - - -

Other manufacturing - - 118 - - - - - - - -Tertiary 2 903 - 10 219 1 344 2 315 - - 843 1 472 4 012 -

Electricity, gas and water - - 627 - - - - - - 283 -Construction - - 1 755 - 345 - - - 345 - -Trade 2 315 - 6 028 504 1 739 - - 780 959 2 910 -

Automotive trade and repair 356 - 519 - - - - - - 1 001 - Wholesale trade 1 791 - 4 686 395 1 551 - - 657 894 1 908 -Distributive trade 168 - 823 - 123 - - 123 - 1 -

Hotels and restaurants - - 269 130 - - - - - - -Transport, storage and communications 283 - 726 493 96 - - 19 77 110 -

Transport and storage 160 - 329 484 68 - - - 68 102 -Land transport including pipelines 86 - 92 - - - - - - - -Water transport - - - 484 - - - - - - -Supporting and auxilary transport activities 74 - 237 - 68 - - - 68 102 -Post and communications 123 - 292 - - - - - - - -

Business activities 305 - 814 217 135 - - 44 91 709 -Real estate 1 - 218 - 1 - - 1 - 7 -Rental Activities 15 - 15 - - - - - - 138 -Computer and related activities 87 - 231 18 11 - - 11 - 177 -Research and development - - - - - - - - - - -Other business activities 200 - 349 194 118 - - 32 86 385 -

Unspecified 100 105 242 46 180 54 19 15 92 97 48/…


Table 44c. Sales of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by industry and geographical origin, 2001(concluded)

(Millions of Euros)

Region/economy / Sector/industry Uni

ted

Sta

tes

Japa

n

Dev

elop

ing

Cou

ntrie

s

Asi

a

Sin

gapo

re

Cen

tral

and

Ea

ster

n Eu

rope

Est

onia

Rus

sian

Fed

erat

ion

Uns

peci

fied

Total 7 722 1 885 279 279 279 2 498 128 2 370 845Primary - - - - - - - - 107

Mining and quarrying - - - - - - - - 107Secondary 3 661 126 279 279 279 - - - 999




Publishing and printing 46 - - - - - - - 113Coke, petroleum products and nuclear fuel - - - - - - - - - 0Chemicals and chemical products 916 - - - - - - - 483Rubber and plastic products 69 - - - - - - - 157Non-metallic mineral products - - - - - - - - 80Metal and metal products 384 - 133 133 133 - - - 833

Basic metals - - - - - - - - 526Fabricated metal products 384 - 133 133 133 - - - 307

Machinery and equipment 279 - - - - - - - 100Electrical and electronic equipment 786 - 146 146 146 - - - 534

Radio, television and communication apparatus 786 - 146 146 146 - - - 189Precision instruments 380 - - - - - - - 68Motor vehicles and other transport equipment - - - - - - - - 491

Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers - - - - - - - - 292Other transport equipment - - - - - - - - 199

Other manufacturing - - - - - - - - 76Tertiary 4 012 1 754 - - - 2 370 - 2 370 598

Electricity, gas and water 283 - - - - 11 - 11 17Construction - - - - - - - - 106Trade 2 910 1 419 - - - 2 354 - 2 354 167

Automotive trade and repair 1 001 624 - - - 302 - 302 255 Wholesale trade 1 908 795 - - - 2 052 - 2 052 166Distributive trade 1 - - - - - - - 28

Hotels and restaurants - - - - - - - - 190Transport, storage and communications 110 - - - - 5 - 5 94

Transport and storage 102 - - - - - - - 167Land transport including pipelines - - - - - - - - 40Water transport - - - - - - - - 62Supporting and auxilary transport activities 102 - - - - - - - 65Post and communications - - - - - - - - 151

Business activities 709 335 - - - - - - 24Real estate 7 - - - - - - - - 0Rental Activities 138 - - - - - - - 39Computer and related activities 177 333 - - - - - - 26Research and development - - - - - - - - 9Other business activities 385 - - - - - - - 8

Unspecified 49 5 - - - 128 128 - - 859

Source: Statistics Finland, unpublished data.Note: Data refer to sales of foreign affiliates in Finland.


Table 44d. Sales of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by industry and geographical origin, 2001

(Millions of Euros)

TOTA

L W

OR

LD

Dev

elop

ed

Cou

ntrie

s

Wes

tern

Eur

ope

Euro

pean

Uni

on

Aus

tria

Belg

ium

Luxe

mbo

urg

Den

mar

k

Fran

ce

Ger

man

y

Total 44 980 42 669 33 225 26 025 495 110 396 2 505 1 299 2 967Primary 132 29 29 29 - - - - - -

Mining and quarrying 132 29 29 29 - - - - - -Secondary 17 236 16 627 12 826 7 933 492 - 277 1 092 606 621

Food products and beverages 1 291 996 996 996 - - - 606 - -Textiles, clothing and leather 133 - - - - - - - - -

Textiles 91 - - - - - - - - -Clothing 42 - - - - - - - - -

Wood and wood products 619 226 226 131 - - - 71 - -Manufacture of wood products, cork, etc. 136 71 71 71 - - - 71 - -Paper and paper products 483 155 155 60 - - - - - -

Publishing and printing 291 179 133 77 - - 1 38 - -Chemicals and chemical products 3 055 2 535 1 625 1 056 - - - 159 - 261Rubber and plastic products 384 222 153 153 - - - 33 - 54Non-metallic mineral products 1 008 922 922 922 - - - 55 132 184Metal and metal products 1 742 774 415 415 - - - - - -

Basic metals 721 173 173 173 - - - - - -Fabricated metal products 1 021 601 242 242 - - - - - -

Machinery and equipment 2 727 2 635 2 356 1 429 345 - - - 56 3Electrical and electronic equipment 3 264 2 669 1 883 617 - - - - 54 -

Radio, television and communication apparatus 1 100 786 - - - - - - - -Precision instruments 503 439 59 59 - - - - - -Motor vehicles and other transport equipment 1 759 1 360 1 360 - - - - - - -

Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers - 0 - - - - - - - - -Other transport equipment 1 759 1 360 1 360 - - - - - - -

Other manufacturing 172 118 118 118 - - - - - -Recycling 1 - - - - - - - - -

Tertiary 27 440 24 441 19 082 16 919 3 47 97 1 405 564 2 318Electricity, gas and water 703 - - - - - - - - -Construction 2 270 2 164 2 164 1 827 - - - 81 - -Trade 18 812 16 900 12 623 10 993 3 47 97 806 478 1 431

Automotive trade and repair 3 204 2 686 1 061 1 061 - - - - - 190 Wholesale trade 13 953 12 341 9 689 8 247 - 15 97 373 395 1 222Distributive trade 1 655 1 627 1 627 1 504 - - - 433 83 -

Hotels and restaurants 311 152 152 152 - - - - - -Transport, storage and communications 2 808 2 722 2 612 2 536 - - - 281 60 768

Transport and storage 2 262 2 126 2 024 1 957 - - - 251 40 718Land transport including pipelines 367 336 336 336 - - - - 40 118Water transport 546 484 484 484 - - - - - -Supporting and auxilary transport activities 1 348 1 306 1 204 1 137 - - - 251 - 600Post and communications 441 366 366 366 - - - - - -

Finance 1 - - - - - - - - -Activities Auxiliary to Financial Intermediatio 1 - - - - - - - - -

Business activities 2 535 2 503 1 531 1 411 - - - 237 26 119Real estate 97 96 90 89 - - - 4 - 4Rental Activities 204 168 30 30 - - - - - -Computer and related activities 834 810 359 355 - - - 16 - 64Research and development 9 - - - - - - - - -Other business activities 1 391 1 375 1 001 890 - - - 212 22 16

Unspecified 172 1 572 1 288 1 144 - 63 22 8 129 28/…


Table 44d. Sales of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by industry and geographical origin, 2001(continued)

(Millions of Euros)

Irela

nd

Net

herla

nds

Spa

in

Sw

eden

Uni

ted

Kin

gdom

Oth

er W

este

rn

Euro

pe

Liec

hten

stei

n

Nor

way

Sw

itzer

land

Nor

th A

mer

ica

Can

ada

Total 398 4 305 105 11 042 2 229 7 200 19 3 423 3 758 7 606 176Primary 29 - - - - - - - - - -

Mining and quarrying 29 - - - - - - - - - -Secondary 267 1 406 - 0 2 213 870 4 893 - 2 624 2 269 3 675 128

Food products and beverages - - - 390 - - - - - - -Textiles, clothing and leather - - - - - - - - - - -


Wood and wood products - - - 60 - 95 - 95 - - -Manufacture of wood products, cork, etc. - - - - - - - - - - -Paper and paper products - - - 60 - 95 - 95 - - -

Publishing and printing - - - 38 - 56 - 56 - 46 -Chemicals and chemical products - 413 - 223 - 569 - 569 - 910 -Rubber and plastic products - - - 66 - - - - - 69 -Non-metallic mineral products 267 - - - 284 - - - - - -Metal and metal products - - - 415 - - - - - 359 -

Basic metals - - - 173 - - - - - - -Fabricated metal products - - - 242 - - - - - 359 -

Machinery and equipment - - - 729 227 927 - 43 884 279 -Electrical and electronic equipment - 563 - - - 1 266 - - 1 266 786 -

Radio, television and communication apparatus - - - - - - - - - 786 -Precision instruments - - - 59 - - - - - 380 -Motor vehicles and other transport equipment - - - - - 1 360 - 1 360 - - -

Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers - - - - - - - - - - -Other transport equipment - - - - - 1 360 - 1 360 - - -

Other manufacturing - - - 118 - - - - - - -Recycling - - - - - - - - - - -

Tertiary 30 2 826 - 8 263 1 312 2 163 - 766 1 397 3 650 -Electricity, gas and water - - - - - - - - - - -Construction 22 - - 1 724 - 337 - - 337 - -Trade - 2 295 - 5 278 504 1 630 - 730 900 2 858 -

Automotive trade and repair - 356 - 515 - - - - - 1 001 - Wholesale trade - 1 771 - 3 943 395 1 442 - 607 835 1 857 -Distributive trade - 168 - 820 - 123 - 123 - - -

Hotels and restaurants - - - 22 130 - - - - - -Transport, storage and communications - 281 - 653 493 76 - - 76 110 -

Transport and storage - 158 - 306 484 67 - - 67 102 -Land transport including pipelines - 86 - 92 - - - - - - -Water transport - - - - 484 - - - - - -Supporting and auxilary transport activities - 72 - 214 - 67 - - 67 102 -Post and communications - 123 - 243 - - - - - - -

Finance - - - - - - - - - - -Activities Auxiliary to Financial Intermediatio - - - - - - - - - - -

Business activities 8 250 - 586 185 120 - 36 84 682 -Real estate - 1 - 80 - 1 - 1 - 6 -Rental Activities - 15 - 15 - - - - - 138 -Computer and related activities - 81 - 187 7 4 - 4 - 163 -Research and development - - - - - - - - - - -Other business activities 8 151 - 303 178 111 - 31 80 374 -

Unspecified 72 73 105 566 47 144 19 33 92 281 48/…


Table 44d. Sales of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by industry and geographical origin, 2001(concluded)

(Millions of Euros)

Oth

er D

evel

oped

C

ount

ries

Uni

ted

Sta

tes

Japa

n

Dev

elop

ing

Cou

ntrie

s

Asi

a

Sin

gapo

re

Cen

tral

and

Eas

tern

Eu

rope

Rus

sian

Fed

erat

ion

Uns

peci

fied

Total 1 838 7 430 1 838 279 279 279 1 762 1 762 270Primary - - - - - - - - 103

Mining and quarrying - - - - - - - - 103Secondary 126 3 547 126 279 279 279 - - 330




Publishing and printing - 46 - - - - - - 112Chemicals and chemical products - 910 - - - - - - 520Rubber and plastic products - 69 - - - - - - 162Non-metallic mineral products - - - - - - - - 86Metal and metal products - 359 - 133 133 133 - - 835

Basic metals - - - - - - - - 548Fabricated metal products - 359 - 133 133 133 - - 287

Machinery and equipment - 279 - - - - - - 92Electrical and electronic equipment - 786 - - - - - - 595

Radio, television and communication apparatus - 786 - - - - - - 314Precision instruments - 380 - - - - - - 64Motor vehicles and other transport equipment - - - - - - - - 399

Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers - - - - - - - - -Other transport equipment - - - - - - - - 399

Other manufacturing - - - - - - - - 54Recycling - - - - - - - - 1

Tertiary 1 709 3 650 1 709 - - - 1 761 1 761 1 238Electricity, gas and water - - - - - - - - 703Construction - - - - - - - - 106Trade 1 419 2 858 1 419 - - - 1 756 1 756 156

Automotive trade and repair 624 1 001 624 - - - 302 302 216 Wholesale trade 795 1 857 795 - - - 1 454 1 454 158Distributive trade - - - - - - - - 28

Hotels and restaurants - - - - - - - - 159Transport, storage and communications - 110 - - - - 5 5 81

Transport and storage - 102 - - - - - - 136Land transport including pipelines - - - - - - - - 31Water transport - - - - - - - - 62Supporting and auxilary transport activities - 102 - - - - - - 42Post and communications - - - - - - - - 75

Finance - - - - - - - - 1Activities Auxiliary to Financial Intermediatio - - - - - - - - 1

Business activities 290 682 290 - - - - - 32Real estate - 6 - - - - - - 1Rental Activities - 138 - - - - - - 36Computer and related activities 288 163 288 - - - - - 24Research and development - - - - - - - - 9Other business activities - 374 - - - - - - 16

Unspecified 3 233 3 - - - 1 1 -1 401

Source: Statistics Finland, unpublished data.Note: Data refer to sales of majority-owned foreign affiliates in Finland.


Table 45a. Sales of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by geographical origin, 1995-2001

(Millions of Euros)


Developed countries 12 220 15 360 19 878 24 713 46 058 52 754 49 872Western Europe 10 400 11 600 15 230 18 577 37 715 43 017 40 087

European Union 8 111 8 844 11 230 14 250 32 188 36 677 32 553Austria - 17 17 18 169 382 498Belgium - - 45 48 251 352 379Denmark 356 546 617 760 2 934 2 556 2 610France 84 109 299 352 1 010 1 225 1 552Germany 878 981 1 292 1 399 2 331 4 211 4 485Ireland - - - - 285 310 411Italy 36 36 20 7 124 219 190Luxembourg - - 43 35 146 290 397Netherlands 2 037 1 363 1 520 2 301 3 667 4 194 4 790Spain - - - - 59 88 105Sweden 4 173 5 147 6 434 8 230 18 821 20 521 14 720United Kingdom 546 646 943 1 100 2 393 2 329 2 416

Other Western Europe 2 289 2 756 4 000 4 327 5 527 6 340 7 534Gibraltar - - - - 2 1 - Guernsey - - - - .. - 54Liechtenstein - - - - 15 17 19Norway 157 339 1 325 1 606 2 745 2 834 3 534Switzerland 2 132 2 417 2 674 2 721 2 764 3 488 3 927

North America 1 814 2 951 3 697 4 876 6 312 8 270 7 899Canada - - - - 115 118 176United States 1 814 2 951 3 697 4 876 6 198 8 152 7 723

Other developed countries 6 809 951 1 260 2 030 1 467 1 886Australia - - - - .. - - Japan 6 809 951 1 260 2 030 1 467 1 886

Central and Eastern Europe 1 028 1 279 1 225 1 173 2 057 2 559 2 498Czech Republic - - - - .. - - Estonia - - - - 123 120 128Poland - - - - .. - - Russian Federation 1 028 1 279 1 225 1 173 1 935 2 439 2 370

Unspecified 3 497 6 135 5 085 4 640 326 291 309


Notes: Data refer to the sales of foreign affiliates in Finland. Unspecified consists mainly of Bermuda, China, Cyprus, Hong Kong (China), Indonesia, Malaysia, Malta, Panama, Singapore, Turkey and Virgin Islands for which data are not reported separately.


Table 45b. Sales of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by geographical origin, 1999-2001

(Millions of Euros)



European Union 20 380 22 623 26 004Austria 167 152 495Belgium 66 137 110Denmark 2 082 2 434 2 505France 855 983 1 298Germany 1 863 2 804 2 967Ireland 276 299 398Italy 93 178 156Luxembourg 127 245 396Netherlands 3 220 3 971 4 303Spain 59 84 105Sweden 9 304 9 296 11 042United Kingdom 2 269 2 040 2 229

Other Western Europe 5 384 6 121 7 253Liechtenstein 15 17 19Norway 2 647 2 729 3 423Switzerland 2 722 3 375 3 758

North America 6 129 8 069 7 606Canada 111 114 176United States 6 018 7 955 7 430

Other developed countries 2 011 1 420 1 836Australia .. - -Japan 2 011 1 420 1 836

Central and Eastern Europe 1 530 1 945 1 762Czech Republic .. - -Estonia .. 13 -Russian Federation 1 530 1 932 1 762



Notes: Data refer to the sales of majority-owned foreign affiliates in Finland. Unspecified consists mainly of Bermuda, China, Cyprus, Hong Kong (China), Indonesia, Malaysia, Malta, Panama, Singapore, Turkey and Virgin Islands for which data are not reported separately.


Table 49a. Value added of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by industry, 1994-2001

(Millions of Euros)

Sector/industry 1998 1999 2000 2001Total 7 066.8 11 473.0 12 823.0 12 063.0

Primary - 39.9 37.0 44.0Mining and quarrying - 39.9 37.0 44.0

Secondary 3 322.5 6 493.7 7 326.0 6 186.0Food products and beverages 122.5 634.2 573.0 659.0Textiles, clothing and leather 35.7 76.0 72.0 75.0

Textiles 35.7 63.1 61.0 48.0Clothing - 12.9 11.0 27.0Leather and leather products - .. - -

Wood and wood products 120.8 1 663.0 2 055.0 238.0Manufacture of wood products, cork, etc. 35.7 107.9 126.0 38.0Paper and paper products 85.1 1 555.1 1 929.0 200.0

Publishing and printing 33.0 214.7 211.0 214.0Coke, petroleum products and nuclear fuel - .. - - Chemicals and chemical products 511.6 757.3 788.0 818.0Rubber and plastic products 102.3 219.7 349.0 337.0Non-metallic mineral products 282.7 389.8 433.0 468.0Metal and metal products 279.8 317.9 403.0 488.0

Basic metals - 19.0 92.0 166.0Fabricated metal products 279.8 298.9 311.0 322.0

Machinery and equipment 568.0 666.0 838.0 1 014.0Electrical and electronic equipment 886.7 1 018.0 1 053.0 1 026.0

Office, accounting and computing machinery - 31.9 - - Electrical machinery and apparatus 520.1 564.2 620.0 659.0Radio, television and communication apparatus 366.7 421.9 433.0 367.0

Precision instruments - 144.3 197.0 206.0Motor vehicles and other transport equipment 323.5 308.4 256.0 543.0

Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers - 48.2 57.0 145.0Other transport equipment 323.5 260.2 199.0 398.0

Other manufacturing 55.9 63.3 70.0 72.0Recycling - .. - - Unspecified secondary - 21.4 28.0 28.0

Tertiary 3 384.7 4 798.8 5 352.0 5 723.0Electricity, gas and water - 132.8 201.0 193.0Construction 368.3 436.9 525.0 537.0Trade 1 882.5 2 245.4 2 415.0 2 618.0

Automotive trade and repair 245.5 287.9 297.0 383.0Wholesale trade 1 580.4 1 836.8 1 947.0 2 048.0Distributive trade 56.5 120.8 171.0 187.0

Hotels and restaurants 174.6 122.7 238.0 255.0Transport, storage and communications 261.6 445.6 496.0 615.0

Transport and storage 240.9 325.6 479.0 459.0Land transport including pipelines 83.9 .. 121.0 143.0Water transport 21.7 165.2 132.0 140.0Air transport - .. .. ..Supporting and auxilary transport activities 135.3 160.4 226.0 176.0

Post and communications 20.7 38.6 2.0 141.0Unspecified transport, storage and communications - 81.4 15.0 15.0

Business activities 697.7 1 415.3 1 477.0 1 505.0Real estate 21.3 143.7 159.0 129.0Rental Activities 64.2 .. 90.0 104.0Computer and related activities 257.0 332.0 421.0 440.0Research and development - .. 23.0 4.0Other business activities 355.2 865.0 784.0 828.0Unspecified business activities - 74.6 - -

Unspecified 359.6 140.7 108.0 110.0

Source: Statistics Finland, unpublished data.Note: Data refer to value added of foreign affiliates in Finland.


Table 49b. Value added of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by industry, 1999-2001

(Millions of Euros)



Secondary 4 165.5 4 367.0 4 906.0Food products and beverages 339.3 277.0 348.0Textiles, clothing and leather 47.1 45.0 43.0


Wood and wood products 172.9 173.0 181.0Manufacture of wood products, etc. 40.5 39.0 38.0Paper and paper products 132.4 134.0 143.0

Publishing and printing 64.9 63.0 70.0Coke, petroleum products and nuclear fuel .. - - Chemicals and chemical products 746.6 771.0 802.0Rubber and plastic products 108.5 105.0 134.0Non-metallic mineral products 293.5 315.0 347.0Metal and metal products 303.3 400.0 462.0




Precision instruments 142.6 195.0 205.0Motor vehicles and other transport equipment 260.2 248.0 350.0

Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers .. 56.0 - Other transport equipment 260.2 192.0 350.0


Tertiary 3 885.0 4 492.0 4 911.0Electricity, gas and water 74.3 133.0 126.0Construction 428.0 509.0 515.0Trade 2 051.6 2 215.0 2 450.0

Automotive trade and repair 276.1 288.0 375.0 Wholesale trade 1 693.4 1 788.0 1 892.0Distributive trade 82.0 139.0 183.0

Hotels and restaurants 109.7 119.0 126.0Transport, storage and communications 393.8 357.0 518.0

Transport and storage 292.9 372.0 447.0Land transport including pipelines .. 96.0 144.0Water transport 161.3 132.0 140.0Air transport .. .. ..Supporting and auxilary transport activities 131.7 144.0 163.0

Post and communications 21.0 - 31.0 57.0Unspecified transport, storage and communications 79.8 16.0 14.0

Business activities 827.5 1 159.0 1 176.0Real estate 17.7 88.0 46.0Rental Activities .. 88.0 102.0Computer and related activities 309.3 362.0 382.0Research and development .. 2.0 4.0Other business activities 429.5 619.0 642.0Unspecified business activities 71.1 - -


Source: Statistics Finland, unpublished data.Note: Data refer to value added of majortiy-owned foreign affiliates in Finland.


Table 49c. Value added of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by industry and geographical origin, 2001

(Millions of Euros)


L W

OR

LD

Dev

elop

ed

Cou

ntrie

s

Wes

tern

Eur

ope

Euro

pean

Uni

on

Aus

tria

Bel

gium

Luxe

mbo

urg

Den

mar

k

Fran

ce

Ger

man

y

Irela

nd

Italy

Total 12 063 11 663 9 485 7 887 115 143 121 637 446 1 025 125 - 37Primary 44 13 13 13 - - - - - - 13 -

Mining and quarrying 44 13 13 13 - - - - - - 13 -Secondary 6 186 5 897 4 808 3 627 114 10 86 266 174 535 85 - 44

Food products and beverages 659 548 548 548 - - - 107 - - - -Textiles, clothing and leather 75 7 7 7 - - - 7 - - - -



Publishing and printing 214 186 171 163 - - 1 15 - - - -Coke, petroleum products and nuclear fuel - 0 - - - - - - - - - - -Chemicals and chemical products 818 728 535 403 - - - 38 23 140 - -Rubber and plastic products 337 287 262 262 - - - 14 - 19 - -Non-metallic mineral products 468 438 438 438 - - - 20 44 119 85 -Metal and metal products 488 230 152 152 - - - - - - - -

Basic metals 166 33 33 33 - - - - - - - -Fabricated metal products 322 197 119 119 - - - - - - - -

Machinery and equipment 1 014 982 886 540 67 - - - 19 112 - - 50Electrical and electronic equipment 1 026 855 580 211 - - - - 24 30 - -

Radio, television and communication apparatus 367 275 - - - - - - - - - -Precision instruments 206 182 18 18 - - - - - - - -Motor vehicles and other transport equipment 543 315 315 48 - - - - 48 - - -

Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers 145 - - - - - - - - - - -Other transport equipment 398 315 315 48 - - - - 48 - - -

Other manufacturing 72 43 43 43 - - - - - - - -Tertiary 5 723 5 419 4 356 3 989 1 127 24 364 207 477 9 5

Electricity, gas and water 193 185 138 138 - - - - - - - -Construction 537 503 503 381 - - - 38 - - 7 -Trade 2 618 2 464 1 917 1 737 1 5 24 124 80 309 - 5

Automotive trade and repair 383 339 145 145 - - - - - 19 - - Wholesale trade 2 048 1 917 1 564 1 392 1 4 24 63 70 294 - 3Distributive trade 187 189 189 185 - - - 60 2 - - -

Hotels and restaurants 255 173 173 173 - - - - - - - -Transport, storage and communications 615 600 585 581 - 3 - 33 87 123 - -

Transport and storage 459 422 409 403 - - - 30 25 108 - -Land transport including pipelines 143 140 140 140 - - - - 25 42 - -Water transport 140 124 124 124 - - - - - - - -Supporting and auxilary transport activities 176 158 145 139 - - - 30 - 66 - -

Post and communications 141 77 77 77 - 3 - - - - - -Business activities 1 505 1 494 1 040 979 - 119 - 169 40 45 2 -

Real estate 129 128 124 123 - - - 3 - 2 - -Rental Activities 104 90 18 18 - - - - - - - -Computer and related activities 440 429 200 196 - 1 - 6 3 19 - -Research and development 4 - - - - - - - - - - -Other business activities 828 827 679 624 - 118 - 158 37 11 2 -

Unspecified 110 334 308 258 - 6 11 7 65 13 18 2/…


Table 49c. Value added of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by industry and geographical origin, 2001 (continued)

(Millions of Euros)


herla

nds

Spa

in

Sw

eden

Uni

ted

Kin

gdom

Oth

er W

este

rn

Euro

pe

Gue

rnse

y

Liec

hten

stei

n

Nor

way

Sw

itzer

land

Nor

th A

mer

ica

Can

ada

Uni

ted

Sta

tes

Total 1 259 29 3 362 662 1 598 16 4 527 1 051 1 849 52 1 797Primary - - - - - - - - - - - -

Mining and quarrying - - - - - - - - - - - -Secondary 646 - 1 429 326 1 181 - - 454 727 1 079 41 1 038

Food products and beverages - - 441 - - - - - - - - -Textiles, clothing and leather - - - - - - - - - - - -

Textiles - - - - - - - - - - - -Clothing - - - - - - - - - - - -

Wood and wood products - - 79 - 28 - - 28 - - - -Manufacture of wood products, cork, etc. - - - - - - - - - - - -Paper and paper products - - 79 - 28 - - 28 - - - -

Publishing and printing - - 147 - 8 - - 8 - 15 - 15Coke, petroleum products and nuclear fuel - - - - - - - - - - - -Chemicals and chemical products 140 - 62 - 132 - - 132 - 193 - 193Rubber and plastic products 81 - 148 - - - - - - 25 - 25Non-metallic mineral products - - 61 109 - - - - - - - -Metal and metal products - - 149 3 - - - - - 78 - 78

Basic metals - - 30 3 - - - - - - - -Fabricated metal products - - 119 - - - - - - 78 - 78

Machinery and equipment 51 - 238 103 346 - - 19 327 96 - 96Electrical and electronic equipment 157 - - - 369 - - - 369 275 - 275

Radio, television and communication apparatus - - - - - - - - - 275 - 275Precision instruments - - 18 - - - - - - 164 - 164Motor vehicles and other transport equipment - - - - 267 - - 267 - - - -

Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers - - - - - - - - - - - -Other transport equipment - - - - 267 - - 267 - - - -

Other manufacturing - - 43 - - - - - - - - -Tertiary 572 - 1 883 320 367 - - 71 296 746 - 746

Electricity, gas and water - - 138 - - - - - - 47 - 47Construction - - 336 - 122 - - - 122 - - -Trade 359 - 751 79 180 - - 52 128 374 - 374

Automotive trade and repair 61 - 65 - - - - - - 105 - 105 Wholesale trade 249 - 612 72 172 - - 48 124 269 - 269Distributive trade 49 - 74 - 4 - - 4 - - - -

Hotels and restaurants - - 123 50 - - - - - - - -Transport, storage and communications 91 - 114 130 4 - - - 3 7 15 - 15

Transport and storage 56 - 60 124 6 - - - 6 13 - 13Land transport including pipelines 43 - 30 - - - - - - - - -Water transport - - - 124 - - - - - - - -Supporting and auxilary transport activities 13 - 30 - 6 - - - 6 13 - 13

Post and communications 35 - 39 - - - - - - - - -Business activities 122 - 421 61 61 - - 22 39 310 - 310

Real estate 1 - 117 - 1 - - 1 - 4 - 4Rental Activities 9 - 9 - - - - - - 72 - 72Computer and related activities 38 - 119 10 4 - - 4 - 86 - 86Research and development - - - - - - - - - - - -Other business activities 74 - 176 48 55 - - 17 38 148 - 148

Unspecified 41 29 50 16 50 16 4 2 28 24 11 13/…


Table 49c. Value added of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by industry and geographical origin, 2001 (concluded)

(Millions of Euros)


er D

evel

oped

C

ount

ries

Japa

n

Dev

elop

ing

Cou

ntrie

s

Asi

a

Sout

h, E

ast a

nd

Sout

h-Ea

st A

sia

Sin

gapo

re

Cen

tral

and

Ea

ster

n Eu

rope

Est

onia

Rus

sian

Fed

erat

ion

Uns

peci

fied

Total 329 329 66 66 66 66 155 27 128 179Primary - - - - - - - - - 31

Mining and quarrying - - - - - - - - - 31Secondary 10 10 66 66 66 66 - - - 223



Wood and wood products - - - - - - - - - 104Manufacture of wood products, cork, etc. - - - - - - - - - 11Paper and paper products - - - - - - - - - 93

Publishing and printing - - - - - - - - - 28Coke, petroleum products and nuclear fuel - - - - - - - - - - 0Chemicals and chemical products - - - - - - - - - 90Rubber and plastic products - - - - - - - - - 50Non-metallic mineral products - - - - - - - - - 30Metal and metal products - - 44 44 44 44 - - - 214

Basic metals - - - - - - - - - 133Fabricated metal products - - 44 44 44 44 - - - 81

Machinery and equipment - - - - - - - - - 32Electrical and electronic equipment - - 22 22 22 22 - - - 149

Radio, television and communication apparatus - - 22 22 22 22 - - - 70Precision instruments - - - - - - - - - 24Motor vehicles and other transport equipment - - - - - - - - - 228

Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers - - - - - - - - - 145Other transport equipment - - - - - - - - - 83

Other manufacturing - - - - - - - - - 29Tertiary 317 317 - - - - 129 - 129 175

Electricity, gas and water - - - - - - 4 - 4 4Construction - - - - - - - - - 34Trade 173 173 - - - - 124 - 124 30

Automotive trade and repair 89 89 - - - - 22 - 22 22 Wholesale trade 84 84 - - - - 102 - 102 29Distributive trade - - - - - - - - - - 2

Hotels and restaurants - - - - - - - - - 82Transport, storage and communications - - - - - - 1 - 1 14

Transport and storage - - - - - - - - - 37Land transport including pipelines - - - - - - - - - 3Water transport - - - - - - - - - 16Supporting and auxilary transport activities - - - - - - - - - 18

Post and communications - - - - - - - - - 64Business activities 144 144 - - - - - - - 11

Real estate - - - - - - - - - 1Rental Activities - - - - - - - - - 14Computer and related activities 143 143 - - - - - - - 11Research and development - - - - - - - - - 4Other business activities - - - - - - - - - 1

Unspecified 2 2 - - - - 26 27 - 1 - 250

Source: Statistics Finland, unpublished data.Note: Data refer to value added of foreign affiliates in Finland.


Table 49d. Value added of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by industry and geographical origin, 2001

(Millions of Euros)


L W

OR

LD

Dev

elop

ed

Cou

ntrie

s

Wes

tern

Eur

ope

Euro

pean

Uni

on

Aus

tria

Bel

gium

Luxe

mbo

urg

Den

mar

k

Fran

ce

Ger

man

y

Irela

nd

Italy

Total 9 935 9 771 7 710 6 088 114 25 120 615 349 700 120 38Primary 42 12 12 12 - - - - - - 12 -

Mining and quarrying 42 12 12 12 - - - - - - 12 -Secondary 4 906 4 767 3 719 2 493 114 - 86 258 170 248 85 32

Food products and beverages 348 252 252 252 - - - 107 - - - -Textiles, clothing and leather 43 - - - - - - - - - - -

Textiles 35 - - - - - - - - - - -Clothing 8 - - - - - - - - - - -


Publishing and printing 70 41 26 18 - - 1 12 - - - -Chemicals and chemical products 802 695 504 372 - - - 38 - 132 - -Rubber and plastic products 134 81 56 56 - - - 14 - 19 - -Non-metallic mineral products 347 318 318 318 - - - 20 44 60 85 -Metal and metal products 462 209 138 138 - - - - - - - -

Basic metals 169 30 30 30 - - - - - - - -Fabricated metal products 293 179 108 108 - - - - - - - -

Machinery and equipment 850 819 723 420 67 - - - 19 1 - 25Electrical and electronic equipment 982 825 550 181 - - - - 24 - - -

Radio, television and communication apparatus 359 275 - - - - - - - - - -Precision instruments 205 182 18 18 - - - - - - - -Motor vehicles and other transport equipment 350 260 260 - - - - - - - - -

Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers .. - - - - - - - - - - -Other transport equipment 350 260 260 - - - - - - - - -

Other manufacturing 60 43 43 43 - - - - - - - -Tertiary 4 913 4 582 3 604 3 255 - 5 24 354 115 441 9 4

Electricity, gas and water 126 - - - - - - - - - - -Construction 515 481 481 363 - - - 35 - - 7 -Trade 2 450 2 367 1 823 1 655 - 5 24 117 72 277 - 4

Automotive trade and repair 375 339 145 145 - - - - - 19 - -Wholesale trade 1 892 1 832 1 482 1 322 - 4 24 61 70 263 - 2Distributive trade 183 186 186 182 - - - 55 2 - - -

Hotels and restaurants 126 59 59 59 - - - - - - - -Transport, storage and communications 519 514 499 492 - - - 33 30 123 - -

Transport and storage 447 417 404 398 - - - 30 25 108 - -Land transport including pipelines 144 140 140 140 - - - - 25 42 - -Water transport 140 124 124 124 - - - - - - - -Supporting and auxilary transport activities 163 153 140 134 - - - 30 - 66 - -

Post and communications 57 50 50 50 - - - - - - - -Business activities 1 177 1 161 742 686 - - - 169 13 41 2 -

Real estate 46 46 42 41 - - - 3 - 2 - -Rental Activities 102 90 18 18 - - - - - - - -Computer and related activities 382 372 171 169 - - - 6 - 18 - -Research and development 4 - - - - - - - - - - -Other business activities 642 635 494 441 - - - 158 11 9 2 -

Unspecified 74 410 375 328 - 20 10 3 64 11 14 2/…


Table 49d. Value added of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by industry and geographical origin, 2001 (continued)

(Millions of Euros)


herla

nds

Spa

in

Sw

eden

Uni

ted

Kin

gdom

Oth

er W

este

rn

Euro

pe

Gue

rnse

y

Liec

hten

stei

n

Nor

way

Sw

itzer

land

Nor

th A

mer

ica

Can

ada

Uni

ted

Sta

tes

Total 1 058 29 2 307 613 1 622 16 4 610 992 1 757 52 1 705Primary - - - - - - - - - - - -

Mining and quarrying - - - - - - - - - - - -Secondary 469 - 0 738 293 1 226 - - 545 681 1 038 41 997

Food products and beverages - - 145 - - - - - - - - -Textiles, clothing and leather - - - - - - - - - - - -

Textiles - - - - - - - - - - - -Clothing - - - - - - - - - - - -

Wood and wood products - - 22 - 28 - - 28 - - - -Manufacture of wood products, cork, etc. - - - - - - - - - - - -Paper and paper products - - 22 - 28 - - 28 - - - -

Publishing and printing - - 5 - 8 - - 8 - 15 - 15Chemicals and chemical products 140 - 62 - 132 - - 132 - 191 - 191Rubber and plastic products - - 23 - - - - - - 25 - 25Non-metallic mineral products - - - 109 - - - - - - - -Metal and metal products - - 138 - - - - - - 71 - 71

Basic metals - - 30 - - - - - - - - -Fabricated metal products - - 108 - - - - - - 71 - 71

Machinery and equipment - - 238 70 303 - - 18 285 96 - 96Electrical and electronic equipment 157 - - - 369 - - - 369 275 - 275

Radio, television and communication apparatus - - - - - - - - - 275 - 275Precision instruments - - 18 - - - - - - 164 - 164Motor vehicles and other transport equipment - - - - 260 - - 260 - - - -

Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers - - - - - - - - - - - -Other transport equipment - - - - 260 - - 260 - - - -

Other manufacturing - - 43 - - - - - - - - -Tertiary 562 - 1 438 303 349 - - 67 282 684 - 684

Electricity, gas and water - - - - - - - - - - - -Construction - - 321 - 118 - - - 118 - - -Trade 355 - 722 79 168 - - 47 121 371 - 371

Automotive trade and repair 61 - 65 - - - - - - 105 - 105Wholesale trade 245 - 581 72 160 - - 43 117 266 - 266Distributive trade 49 - 76 - 4 - - 4 - - - -

Hotels and restaurants - - 9 50 - - - - - - - -Transport, storage and communications 89 - 87 130 7 - - - 7 15 - 15

Transport and storage 54 - 57 124 6 - - - 6 13 - 13Land transport including pipelines 43 - 30 - - - - - - - - -Water transport - - - 124 - - - - - - - -Supporting and auxilary transport activities 11 - 27 - 6 - - - 6 13 - 13

Post and communications 35 - 15 - - - - - - - - -Business activities 118 - 299 44 56 - - 20 36 298 - 298

Real estate 1 - 35 - 1 - - 1 - 4 - 4Rental Activities 9 - 9 - - - - - - 72 - 72Computer and related activities 36 - 107 2 2 - - 2 - 81 - 81Research and development - - - - - - - - - - - -Other business activities 72 - 148 41 53 - - 17 36 141 - 141

Unspecified 27 29 131 17 47 16 4 - 2 29 35 11 24/…


Table 49d. Value added of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by industry and geographical origin, 2001 (concluded)

(Millions of Euros)


er D

evel

oped

C

ount

ries

Japa

n

Dev

elop

ing

Cou

ntrie

s

Asi

a

Sout

h, E

ast a

nd

Sout

h-Ea

st A

sia

Sin

gapo

re

Cen

tral

and

Eas

tern

Eu

rope

Rus

sian

Fed

erat

ion

Uns

peci

fied

Total 304 304 66 66 66 66 55 55 43Primary - - - - - - - - 30

Mining and quarrying - - - - - - - - 30Secondary 10 10 66 66 66 66 - - 73




Publishing and printing - - - - - - - - 29Chemicals and chemical products - - - - - - - - 107Rubber and plastic products - - - - - - - - 53Non-metallic mineral products - - - - - - - - 29Metal and metal products - - 44 44 44 44 - - 209

Basic metals - - - - - - - - 139Fabricated metal products - - 44 44 44 44 - - 70

Machinery and equipment - - - - - - - - 31Electrical and electronic equipment - - - - - - - - 157

Radio, television and communication apparatus - - - - - - - - 84Precision instruments - - - - - - - - 23Motor vehicles and other transport equipment - - - - - - - - 90

Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers - - - - - - - - -Other transport equipment - - - - - - - - 90

Other manufacturing - - - - - - - - 17Tertiary 294 294 - - - - 57 57 274

Electricity, gas and water - - - - - - - - 126Construction - - - - - - - - 34Trade 173 173 - - - - 56 56 27

Automotive trade and repair 89 89 - - - - 22 22 14Wholesale trade 84 84 - - - - 34 34 26Distributive trade - - - - - - - - - 3

Hotels and restaurants - - - - - - - - 67Transport, storage and communications - - - - - - 1 1 4

Transport and storage - - - - - - - - 30Land transport including pipelines - - - - - - - - 4Water transport - - - - - - - - 16Supporting and auxilary transport activities - - - - - - - - 10

Post and communications - - - - - - - - 7Business activities 121 121 - - - - - - 16

Real estate - - - - - - - - -Rental Activities - - - - - - - - 12Computer and related activities 120 120 - - - - - - 10Research and development - - - - - - - - 4Other business activities - - - - - - - - 7

Unspecified - - - - - - - 2 - 2 - 334

Source: Statistics Finland, unpublished data.Note: Data refer to value added of majority-owned foreign affiliates in Finland.


Table 50a. Value added of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by geographical origin, 1995-2001

(Millions of Euros)

Region/economy 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001Total world 4 089.8 5 210.0 6 045.8 7 066.8 11 473.0 12 823.0 12 063.0

Developed countries 2 907.5 3 397.6 4 472.1 5 761.8 11 226.3 12 590.0 11 776.0Western Europe 2 482.5 2 680.7 3 547.2 4 402.1 9 292.8 10 467.0 9 598.0

European Union 1 850.7 1 934.0 2 416.3 3 205.9 7 888.4 8 960.0 7 888.0Austria - 3.6 3.6 2.8 52.4 98.0 115.0Belgium - - 8.5 7.8 126.3 137.0 143.0Denmark 74.1 178.4 194.7 249.9 624.4 578.0 637.0France 16.4 20.9 100.0 99.3 293.8 332.0 446.0Germany 192.2 207.0 296.9 367.8 650.1 897.0 1 025.0Ireland - - - - 92.9 104.0 125.0Italy 3.1 7.4 5.0 1.8 - 66.5 - 40.0 - 37.0Luxembourg - - 12.5 10.4 99.3 110.0 121.0Netherlands 377.7 228.0 295.3 465.0 977.1 1 033.0 1 260.0Spain - - - - 17.6 18.0 29.0Sweden 1 044.6 1 147.7 1 351.1 1 753.5 4 405.0 5 129.0 3 362.0United Kingdom 142.5 141.0 148.8 247.8 616.2 564.0 662.0

Other Western Europe 631.8 746.6 1 130.8 1 196.2 1 404.4 1 507.0 1 710.0Gibraltar - - - - 0.9 1.0 - Guernsey - - - - .. - 16.0Liechtenstein - - - - 3.9 4.0 4.0Norway 41.7 58.0 370.2 423.2 629.7 538.0 639.0Switzerland 590.1 688.6 760.6 773.0 769.9 964.0 1 051.0

North America 423.3 582.8 784.8 1 156.9 1 662.5 1 852.0 1 849.0Canada - - - - 39.5 42.0 52.0United States 423.3 582.8 784.8 1 156.9 1 623.0 1 810.0 1 797.0



Unspecified 1 116.2 1 734.1 1 517.1 1 262.6 52.4 46.0 66.0


Notes: Data refer to the value added of foreign affiliates in Finland. Unspecified consists mainly ofBermuda, China, Cyprus, Hong Kong (China), Indonesia, Malaysia, Malta, Panama, Singapore, Turkey andVirgin Islands for which data are not reported separately.


Table 50b. Value added of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by geographical origin, 1999-2001

(Millions of Euros)


Developed countries 8 060.0 8 811.0 9 771.0Western Europe 6 206.2 6 787.0 7 710.0

European Union 4 853.3 5 370.0 6 088.0Austria 51.7 42.0 114.0Belgium 17.6 26.0 25.0Denmark 578.4 557.0 615.0France 264.0 303.0 349.0Germany 487.8 650.0 700.0Ireland 89.5 100.0 120.0Italy 22.6 39.0 38.0Luxembourg 49.4 92.0 120.0Netherlands 807.3 930.0 1 058.0Spain 17.6 17.0 29.0Sweden 1 879.4 2 099.0 2 307.0United Kingdom 588.1 515.0 613.0

Other Western Europe 1 352.9 1 417.0 1 622.0Liechtenstein 3.9 4.0 4.0Norway 595.7 503.0 610.0Switzerland 753.3 910.0 992.0

North America 1 587.9 1 774.0 1 757.0Canada 38.7 40.0 52.0United States 1 549.2 1 734.0 1 705.0


Central and Eastern Europe 72.0 3.0 55.0Czech Republic .. - - Estonia .. 3.0 - Russian Federation 72.0 - 55.0



Notes: Data refer to the value added of majority-owned foreign affiliates in Finland. Unspecified consistsmainly of Bermuda, China, Cyprus, Hong Kong (China), Indonesia, Malaysia, Malta, Panama, Singapore,Turkey and Virgin Islands for which data are not reported separately.


Table 54a. Profits of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by industry, 1994-2001

(Millions of Euros)

Sector/industry 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001Total 435.5 597.4 833.9 1 302.5 1 190.9 2 585.8 2 998.0 2 726.0

Primary - 10.3 - - - 5.9 - 7.0Mining, quarrying and petroleum - 10.3 - - - 5.9 - 7.0

Mining and quarrying - 10.3 - - - 5.9 - 7.0Secondary 132.8 275.5 375.4 737.6 632.2 1 681.5 2 159.0 2 155.0

Food, beverages and tobacco 15.9 16.2 - 3.1 1.7 15.8 264.2 137.0 87.0Food products and beverages 15.9 16.2 - 3.1 1.7 15.8 264.2 137.0 87.0

Textiles, clothing and leather 2.0 1.4 2.8 1.9 4.1 9.2 12.0 9.0Textiles 2.0 1.4 2.8 1.9 4.1 7.9 11.0 9.0Clothing - - - - - 1.3 1.0 - Leather and leather products - - - - - .. - -

Wood and wood products 1.9 13.5 14.1 13.6 10.1 462.0 1 121.0 34.0Manufacture of wood products, cork, etc. 1.9 3.0 - 3.3 2.9 9.9 21.0 5.0Paper and paper products - 10.5 14.1 10.4 7.2 452.2 1 100.0 29.0

Publishing and printing 4.5 6.8 8.3 12.2 7.8 33.5 12.0 16.0Chemicals and chemical products 44.4 57.5 63.2 174.0 85.4 210.7 196.0 281.0Rubber and plastic products 6.9 7.7 10.9 13.5 17.1 19.2 27.0 992.0Non-metallic mineral products - 50.7 2.5 11.4 62.5 57.7 68.5 94.0 67.0Metal and metal products 4.7 2.7 23.9 95.3 36.9 35.6 100.0 70.0

Basic metals - - - - - 3.1 48.0 57.0Fabricated metal products 4.7 2.7 23.9 95.3 36.9 32.5 52.0 13.0

Machinery and equipment 29.1 36.4 26.5 127.9 65.9 284.8 235.0 288.0Electrical and electronic equipment 63.5 124.9 160.4 199.5 257.0 240.0 237.0 210.0

Office, accounting and computing machinery 1.8 - - 7.4 - - - 1.2 - - Electrical machinery and apparatus 62.4 87.7 115.6 95.1 104.3 117.9 124.0 150.0Radio, television and communication apparatus - 0.6 37.2 52.2 104.3 152.6 123.2 113.0 60.0

Precision instruments - 4.6 - 0.9 7.2 15.5 - 7.6 42.0 29.0Motor vehicles and other transport equipment 13.2 - 1.7 26.3 - 58.6 30.4 - 78.0 50.0

Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers 0.3 - - - - 6.8 11.0 17.0Other transport equipment 12.9 - 1.7 26.3 - 58.6 23.6 - 89.0 33.0

Other manufacturing 1.8 8.6 23.4 20.0 15.8 6.5 12.0 11.0Recycling - - - - - .. - - Unspecified secondary - - - - - 9.4 12.0 11.0

Tertiary 302.7 331.8 449.9 529.8 532.0 877.4 837.0 570.0Electricity, gas and water - - 1.5 0.6 - - 29.1 74.0 28.0Construction - - 0.2 10.3 14.6 19.8 60.3 59.0 19.0Trade 221.1 281.7 295.3 404.6 440.6 599.5 562.0 602.0

Automotive trade and repair 38.6 33.6 48.9 61.9 87.1 79.5 82.0 146.0Wholesale trade 178.8 240.3 236.8 334.2 350.5 503.3 471.0 453.0Distributive trade 3.8 7.9 9.6 8.5 3.0 16.7 10.0 3.0

Hotels and restaurants - - 3.1 - 4.5 0.0 4.0 4.0Transport, storage and communications 16.5 3.7 8.3 - 12.9 - 3.8 - 14.5 - 85.0 - 129.0

Transport and storage 16.5 2.6 9.9 - 1.7 7.2 4.3 - 8.0 36.0Land transport including pipelines - - - 2.1 3.5 - - 9.0 - 5.0Water transport - - - - 12.2 - 3.3 5.5 6.0 40.0Air transport - - - - - .. .. ..Supporting and auxilary transport activities 16.5 2.6 9.9 8.4 7.0 - 1.1 - 5.0 1.0

Post and communications - 1.1 - 1.7 - 11.1 - 10.9 - 8.6 - 76.0 - 161.0Unspecified transport, storage and communications - - - - - - 10.2 - 1.0 - 4.0

Business activities 65.0 48.0 132.3 123.5 70.9 202.8 223.0 46.0Real estate 8.5 - 0.1 0.3 4.2 1.2 - 103.8 - 12.0 17.0Rental Activities 17.1 21.4 5.3 2.9 5.7 .. 17.0 5.0Computer and related activities 29.3 13.8 6.3 25.0 34.0 107.0 93.0 1.0Research and development - - - - - .. - - Other business activities 10.1 12.9 120.4 91.4 29.9 198.0 125.0 22.0Unspecified business activities - - - - - 1.5 - 1.0

Unspecified - - 20.3 8.6 35.0 26.7 21.0 2.0 - 6.0

Source: Statistics Finland, unpublished data.Note: Data refer to profits of foreign affiliates in Finland.


Table 54b. Profits of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by industry, 1999-2001

(Millions of Euros)


Primary 5.9 - 6.0Mining and quarrying 5.9 - 6.0

Secondary 899.3 784.0 897.0Food products and beverages 197.1 93.0 24.0Textiles, clothing and leather 7.7 13.0 6.0

Textiles 6.4 12.0 8.0Clothing 1.3 1.0 - 2.0Leather and leather products .. - -

Wood and wood products 18.3 17.0 21.0Manufacture of wood products, cork, etc. - 1.0 5.0 5.0Paper and paper products 19.2 12.0 16.0

Publishing and printing 11.5 .. 16.0Coke, petroleum products and nuclear fuel .. - - Chemicals and chemical products 208.2 188.0 286.0Rubber and plastic products 9.7 7.0 19.0Non-metallic mineral products 55.7 56.0 39.0Metal and metal products 33.8 100.0 18.0



Office, accounting and computing machinery - 1.2 - - Electrical machinery and apparatus 101.9 115.0 148.0Radio, television and communication apparatus 120.0 112.0 67.0

Precision instruments 8.6 42.0 29.0Motor vehicles and other transport equipment 23.6 - 79.0 30.0

Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers .. 10.0 - Other transport equipment 23.6 - 89.0 30.0


Tertiary 754.4 770.0 467.0Electricity, gas and water 17.1 64.0 11.0Construction 59.5 57.0 19.0Trade 511.4 549.0 519.0

Automotive trade and repair 81.8 86.0 147.0 Wholesale trade 416.8 454.0 371.0Distributive trade 12.8 9.0 1.0

Hotels and restaurants - 0.3 - 2.0 - 4.0Transport, storage and communications - 22.5 - 84.0 - 81.0

Transport and storage - 2.2 - 4.0 37.0Land transport including pipelines .. - 5.0 - 3.0Water transport 3.7 6.0 40.0Air transport .. .. ..Supporting and auxilary transport activities - 5.9 - 5.0 -

Post and communications - 10.6 - 80.0 - 114.0Unspecified transport, storage and communications - 9.8 - - 4.0

Business activities 189.1 186.0 3.0Real estate 3.0 - 35.0 - 4.0Rental Activities .. 16.0 5.0Computer and related activities 104.4 92.0 8.0Research and development .. - - Other business activities 81.3 113.0 - 6.0Unspecified business activities 0.3 - -

Unspecified 11.7 - 1.0 2.0

Source: Statistics Finland, unpublished data.Note: Data refer to profits of majority-owned foreign affiliates in Finland.


Table 54c. Profits of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by industry and geographical origin, 2001

(Millions of Euros)


L W

OR

LD

Dev

elop

ed C

ount

ries

Wes

tern

Eur

ope

Euro

pean

Uni

on

Aus

tria

Bel

gium

Luxe

mbo

urg

Den

mar

k

Fran

ce

Ger

man

y

Irela

nd

Total 2 726 2 698 2 231 2 060 9 - 33 19 128 75 290 - 5Primary 7 2 2 2 - - - - - - 2

Mining and quarrying 7 2 2 2 - - - - - - 2Secondary 2 155 2 159 1 935 1 750 9 1 11 117 35 183 - 11

Food products and beverages 87 64 64 64 - - - 3 - - -Textiles, clothing and leather 9 - 2 - 2 - 2 - - - - 2 - - -

Textiles 9 - - - - - - - - - -Clothing - 0 - 2 - 2 - 2 - - - - 2 - - -

Wood and wood products 34 20 20 20 - - - 7 - - -Manufacture of wood products, cork, etc. 5 7 7 7 - - - 7 - - -Paper and paper products 29 13 13 13 - - - - - - -

Publishing and printing 16 13 9 9 - - - 2 - - -Coke, petroleum products and nuclear fuel .. - - - - - - - - - -Chemicals and chemical products 281 309 262 239 - - - 90 2 52 -Rubber and plastic products 992 982 981 981 - - - 2 - 3 -Non-metallic mineral products 67 60 60 60 - - - 5 7 32 - 11Metal and metal products 70 65 65 65 - - - - - - -

Basic metals 57 52 52 52 - - - - - - -Fabricated metal products 13 13 13 13 - - - - - - -

Machinery and equipment 288 280 231 206 5 - - - 5 81 -Electrical and electronic equipment 210 223 145 25 - - - - 7 7 -

Radio, television and communication apparatus 60 78 - - - - - - - - -Precision instruments 29 24 - 7 - 7 - - - - - - -Motor vehicles and other transport equipment 50 28 28 13 - - - - 13 - -

Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers 17 - - - - - - - - - -Other transport equipment 33 28 28 13 - - - - 13 - -

Other manufacturing 11 5 5 5 - - - - - - -Tertiary 570 587 335 341 - - 36 10 11 38 106 -

Electricity, gas and water 28 28 12 12 - - - - - - -Construction 19 16 16 15 - - - 4 - - -Trade 602 562 391 394 - - 8 14 26 104 -

Automotive trade and repair 146 146 34 34 - - - - - 7 - Wholesale trade 453 415 356 351 - - 8 10 20 107 -Distributive trade 3 15 15 21 - - - 4 7 - -

Hotels and restaurants 4 13 13 13 - - - - - - -Transport, storage and communications - 129 - 118 - 119 - 113 - - 51 - - 2 4 - 5 -

Transport and storage 36 33 32 31 - - - - 2 - - 8 -Land transport including pipelines - 5 - 3 - 3 - 3 - - - - - - 1 -Water transport 40 37 37 37 - - - - - - -Supporting and auxilary transport activities 1 - 1 - 2 - 3 - - - - 2 - - 7 -

Post and communications - 161 - 148 - 148 - 148 - - 51 - - - - -Business activities 46 86 22 20 - 15 2 - 5 8 7 -

Real estate 17 17 15 15 - - - - - 1 -Rental Activities 5 1 1 1 - - - - - - -Computer and related activities 1 37 - 9 - 8 - - 1 - - 3 - 1 -Research and development - - - - - - - - - - -Other business activities 22 26 10 7 - 16 2 - 3 8 2 -

Unspecified - 6 - 50 - 41 - 33 - 2 - 2 - 2 1 4/…


Table 54c. Profits of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by industry and geographical origin, 2001(continued)

(Millions of Euros)

Sector/industry / Region/economy Italy

Net

herla

nds

Spa

in

Sw

eden

Uni

ted

Kin

gdom

Oth

er W

este

rn E

urop

e

Gue

rnse

y

Liec

hten

stei

n

Nor

way

Sw

itzer

land

Nor

th A

mer

ica

Can

ada

Uni

ted

Sta

tes

Total 12 1 157 - 39 316 131 171 - 12 - 1 17 167 380 9 371Primary - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Mining and quarrying - - - - - - - - - - - - -Secondary 14 1 040 - 234 117 185 - - 42 143 244 5 239

Food products and beverages - - - 61 - - - - - - - - -Textiles, clothing and leather - - - - - - - - - - - - -


Wood and wood products - - - 13 - - - - - - - - -Manufacture of wood products, cork, etc. - - - - - - - - - - - - -Paper and paper products - - - 13 - - - - - - - - -

Publishing and printing - - - 7 - - - - - - 4 - 4Coke, petroleum products and nuclear fuel - - - - - - - - - - - - -Chemicals and chemical products - 48 - 47 - 23 - - 23 - 47 - 47Rubber and plastic products - 950 - 26 - - - - - - 1 - 1Non-metallic mineral products - - - - 3 30 - - - - - - - -Metal and metal products - - - 13 52 - - - - - - - -

Basic metals - - - - 52 - - - - - - - -Fabricated metal products - - - 13 - - - - - - - - -

Machinery and equipment 13 14 - 68 20 25 - - 4 21 49 - 49Electrical and electronic equipment - 11 - - - 120 - - - 120 78 - 78

Radio, television and communication apparatus - - - - - - - - - - 78 - 78Precision instruments - - - - 7 - - - - - - 31 - 31Motor vehicles and other transport equipment - - - - - 15 - - 15 - - - -

Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers - - - - - - - - - - - - -Other transport equipment - - - - - 15 - - 15 - - - -

Other manufacturing - - - 5 - - - - - - - - -Tertiary - 2 113 - 88 13 - 6 - - - 25 19 145 - 145

Electricity, gas and water - - - 12 - - - - - - 16 - 16Construction - - - 11 - 1 - - - 1 - - -Trade - 2 116 - 116 12 - 3 - - - 15 12 98 - 98

Automotive trade and repair - 18 - 9 - - - - - - 53 - 53 Wholesale trade - 1 84 - 111 12 5 - - - 9 14 45 - 45Distributive trade - 14 - - 4 - - 6 - - - 6 - - - -

Hotels and restaurants - - - 8 5 - - - - - - - -Transport, storage and communications - 1 - - 98 38 - 6 - - - 7 1 1 - 1

Transport and storage - 1 - 3 37 1 - - - 1 1 - 1Land transport including pipelines - - 4 - 2 - - - - - - - - -Water transport - - - - 37 - - - - - - - -Supporting and auxilary transport activities - 5 - 1 - 1 - - - 1 1 - 1

Post and communications - - - - 97 - - - - - - - - -Business activities - - 4 - 39 - 42 2 - - - 3 5 30 - 30

Real estate - - - 14 - - - - - - 2 - 2Rental Activities - - - 1 - - - - - - - - -Computer and related activities - - 2 - 2 - 5 - 1 - - - 1 - 12 - 12Research and development - - - - - - - - - - - - -Other business activities - - 2 - 22 - 38 3 - - - 2 5 16 - 16

Unspecified - 4 - 39 - 6 1 - 8 - 12 - 1 - 5 - 9 4 - 13/…


Table 54c. Profits of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by industry and geographical origin, 2001(concluded)

(Millions of Euros)


er D

evel

oped

Cou

ntrie

s

Japa

n

Dev

elop

ing

Cou

ntrie

s

Asi

a

Sout

h, E

ast a

nd S

outh

-Eas

t A

sia

Sin

gapo

re

Cen

tral

and

Eas

tern

Eur

ope

Est

onia

Rus

sian

Fed

erat

ion

Uns

peci

fied

Total 87 87 - 6 - 6 - 6 - 6 28 - 3 31 6Primary - - - - - - - - - 5

Mining and quarrying - - - - - - - - - 5Secondary - 20 - 20 - 6 - 6 - 6 - 6 - - - 2



Wood and wood products - - - - - - - - - 14Manufacture of wood products, cork, etc. - - - - - - - - - - 2Paper and paper products - - - - - - - - - 16

Publishing and printing - - - - - - - - - 3Coke, petroleum products and nuclear fuel - - - - - - - - - -Chemicals and chemical products - - - - - - - - - - 28Rubber and plastic products - - - - - - - - - 10Non-metallic mineral products - - - - - - - - - 7Metal and metal products - - 3 3 3 3 - - - 2

Basic metals - - - - - - - - - 5Fabricated metal products - - 3 3 3 3 - - - - 3

Machinery and equipment - - - - - - - - - 8Electrical and electronic equipment - - - 9 - 9 - 9 - 9 - - - - 4

Radio, television and communication apparatus - - - 9 - 9 - 9 - 9 - - - - 9Precision instruments - - - - - - - - - 5Motor vehicles and other transport equipment - - - - - - - - - 22

Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers - - - - - - - - - 17Other transport equipment - - - - - - - - - 5

Other manufacturing - - - - - - - - - 6Tertiary 107 107 - - - - 32 - 32 - 49

Electricity, gas and water - - - - - - - - - -Construction - - - - - - - - - 3Trade 73 73 - - - - 32 - 32 8

Automotive trade and repair 59 59 - - - - 1 - 1 - 1 Wholesale trade 14 14 - - - - 31 - 31 7Distributive trade - - - - - - - - - - 12

Hotels and restaurants - - - - - - - - - - 9Transport, storage and communications - - - - - - - - - - 11

Transport and storage - - - - - - - - - 3Land transport including pipelines - - - - - - - - - - 2Water transport - - - - - - - - - 3Supporting and auxilary transport activities - - - - - - - - - 2

Post and communications - - - - - - - - - - 13Business activities 34 34 - - - - - - - - 40

Real estate - - - - - - - - - -Rental Activities - - - - - - - - - 4Computer and related activities 34 34 - - - - - - - - 36Research and development - - - - - - - - - -Other business activities - - - - - - - - - - 4

Unspecified - - - - - - - 4 - 3 - 1 48Source: Statistics Finland, unpublished data.Note: Data refer to profits of foreign affiliates in Finland.


Table 54d. Profits of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by industry and geographical origin, 2001

(Millions of Euros)


L W

OR

LD

Dev

elop

ed

Cou

ntrie

s

Wes

tern

Eur

ope

Euro

pean

Uni

on

Aus

tria

Bel

gium

Luxe

mbo

urg

Den

mar

k

Fran

ce

Ger

man

y

Irela

nd

Italy

Total 1 372 1 388 936 758 9 5 20 122 72 135 - 7 - 3Primary 6 1 1 1 - - - - - - 1 -

Mining and quarrying 6 1 1 1 - - - - - - 1 -Secondary 897 912 691 511 9 - 11 115 38 83 - 11 -

Food products and beverages 24 16 16 16 - - - 3 - - - -Textiles, clothing and leather 6 - - - - - - - - - - -

Textiles 8 - - - - - - - - - - -Clothing - 2 - - - - - - - - - - -

Wood and wood products 21 7 7 7 - - - 7 - - - -Manufacture of wood products, cork, etc. 5 7 7 7 - - - 7 - - - -Paper and paper products 16 - - - - - - - - - - -

Publishing and printing 7 4 - - - - - 2 - - - -Chemicals and chemical products 286 309 263 240 - - - 90 - 55 - -Rubber and plastic products 19 8 7 7 - - - 2 - 3 - -Non-metallic mineral products 39 33 33 33 - - - 5 7 19 - 11 -Metal and metal products 18 12 12 12 - - - - - - - -

Basic metals 7 - - - - - - - - - - -Fabricated metal products 11 12 12 12 - - - - - - - -

Machinery and equipment 169 166 117 94 5 - - - 5 - - - 1Electrical and electronic equipment 215 216 138 18 - - - - 7 - - -

Radio, television and communication apparatus 67 78 - - - - - - - - - -Precision instruments 29 24 - 7 - 7 - - - - - - - -Motor vehicles and other transport equipment 30 14 14 - - - - - - - - -

Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers - - - - - - - - - - - -Other transport equipment 30 14 14 - - - - - - - - -

Other manufacturing 10 5 5 5 - - - - - - - -Tertiary 466 497 261 261 - - 8 8 32 52 - - 2

Electricity, gas and water 11 - - - - - - - - - - -Construction 19 15 15 14 - - - 3 - - - -Trade 518 504 331 335 - - 8 12 27 50 - - 2

Automotive trade and repair 147 146 34 34 - - - - - 7 - -Wholesale trade 371 356 295 292 - - 8 9 20 54 - - 1Distributive trade 1 15 15 21 - - - 3 7 - - -

Hotels and restaurants - 4 6 6 6 - - - - - - - -Transport, storage and communications - 81 - 66 - 67 - 68 - - - - 2 4 - 5 - -

Transport and storage 37 31 30 29 - - - - 2 - - 8 - -Land transport including pipelines - 3 - 3 - 3 - 3 - - - - - - 1 - -Water transport 40 37 37 37 - - - - - - - -Supporting and auxilary transport activities - - 3 - 4 - 5 - - - - 2 - - 7 - -

Post and communications - 114 - 101 - 101 - 101 - - - - - - - -Business activities 3 38 - 24 - 26 - - - - 5 1 7 - -

Real estate - 4 - 4 - 5 - 5 - - - - - 1 - -Rental Activities 5 1 1 1 - - - - - - - -Computer and related activities 8 44 - 5 - 4 - - - - 3 - 1 - -Research and development - - - - - - - - - - - -Other business activities - 6 - 8 - 20 - 23 - - - - 3 1 2 - -

Unspecified 3 - 22 - 17 - 15 - 5 1 - 1 2 - 3 - 1/…


Table 54d. Profits of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by industry and geographical origin, 2001(continued)

(Millions of Euros)


herla

nds

Spa

in

Sw

eden

Uni

ted

Kin

gdom

Oth

er W

este

rn

Euro

pe

Liec

hten

stei

n

Nor

way

Sw

itzer

land

Nor

th A

mer

ica

Can

ada

Uni

ted

Sta

tes

Oth

er D

evel

oped

C

ount

ries

Japa

n

Total 194 - 39 192 58 178 - 1 11 168 367 9 358 85 85Primary - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Mining and quarrying - - - - - - - - - - - - -Secondary 77 - 143 46 180 - 35 145 241 5 236 - 20 - 20

Food products and beverages - - 13 - - - - - - - - - -Textiles, clothing and leather - - - - - - - - - - - - -


Wood and wood products - - - - - - - - - - - - -Manufacture of wood products, cork, etc. - - - - - - - - - - - - -Paper and paper products - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Publishing and printing - - - 2 - - - - - 4 - 4 - -Chemicals and chemical products 48 - 47 - 23 - 23 - 46 - 46 - -Rubber and plastic products - - 2 - - - - - 1 - 1 - -Non-metallic mineral products - - - 13 - - - - - - - - -Metal and metal products - - 12 - - - - - - - - - -

Basic metals - - - - - - - - - - - - -Fabricated metal products - - 12 - - - - - - - - - -

Machinery and equipment - - 68 17 23 - 4 19 49 - 49 - -Electrical and electronic equipment 11 - - - 120 - - 120 78 - 78 - -

Radio, television and communication apparatus - - - - - - - - 78 - 78 - -Precision instruments - - - 7 - - - - - 31 - 31 - -Motor vehicles and other transport equipment - - - - 14 - 14 - - - - - -

Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers - - - - - - - - - - - - -Other transport equipment - - - - 14 - 14 - - - - - -

Other manufacturing - - 5 - - - - - - - - - -Tertiary 112 - 40 11 - - - 18 18 131 - 131 105 105

Electricity, gas and water - - - - - - - - - - - - -Construction - - 11 - 1 - - 1 - - - - -Trade 115 - 113 12 - 4 - - 15 11 100 - 100 73 73

Automotive trade and repair 18 - 9 - - - - - 53 - 53 59 59Wholesale trade 83 - 107 12 3 - - 9 12 47 - 47 14 14Distributive trade 14 - - 3 - - 6 - - 6 - - - - - -

Hotels and restaurants - - 1 5 - - - - - - - - -Transport, storage and communications - - - 103 38 1 - - 1 1 - 1 - -

Transport and storage - - 2 37 1 - - 1 1 - 1 - -Land transport including pipelines - 4 - 2 - - - - - - - - - -Water transport - - - 37 - - - - - - - - -Supporting and auxilary transport activities 4 - - - 1 - - 1 1 - 1 - -

Post and communications - - - 101 - - - - - - - - - -Business activities - 3 - 18 - 44 2 - - 3 5 30 - 30 32 32

Real estate - - - 6 - - - - - 1 - 1 - -Rental Activities - - 1 - - - - - - - - - -Computer and related activities - 2 - 6 - 6 - 1 - - 1 - 17 - 17 32 32Research and development - - - - - - - - - - - - -Other business activities - 2 - 18 - 39 3 - - 2 5 12 - 12 - -

Unspecified 5 - 39 9 1 - 2 - 1 - 6 5 - 5 4 - 9 .. ../…


Table 54d. Profits of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by industry and geographical origin, 2001(concluded)

(Millions of Euros)

Sector/industry / Region/economy Dev

elop

ing

Cou

ntrie

s

Asi

a

Sout

h, E

ast a

nd

Sout

h-Ea

st A

sia

Sin

gapo

re

Cen

tral

and

Eas

tern

Eu

rope

Rus

sian

Fed

erat

ion

Uns

peci

fied

Total - 6 - 6 - 6 - 6 8 8 - 18Primary - - - - - - 5

Mining and quarrying - - - - - - 5Secondary - 6 - 6 - 6 - 6 - - - 9

Food products and beverages - - - - - - 8Textiles, clothing and leather - - - - - - 6

Textiles - - - - - - 8Clothing - - - - - - - 2

Wood and wood products - - - - - - 14Manufacture of wood products, cork, etc. - - - - - - - 2Paper and paper products - - - - - - 16

Publishing and printing - - - - - - 3Chemicals and chemical products - - - - - - - 23Rubber and plastic products - - - - - - 11Non-metallic mineral products - - - - - - 6Metal and metal products 3 3 3 3 - - 3

Basic metals - - - - - - 7Fabricated metal products 3 3 3 3 - - - 4

Machinery and equipment - - - - - - 3Electrical and electronic equipment - - - - - - - 1

Radio, television and communication apparatus - - - - - - - 11Precision instruments - - - - - - 5Motor vehicles and other transport equipment - - - - - - 16

Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers - - - - - - -Other transport equipment - - - - - - 16

Other manufacturing - - - - - - 5Tertiary - - - - 9 9 - 40

Electricity, gas and water - - - - - - 11Construction - - - - - - 4Trade - - - - 9 9 5

Automotive trade and repair - - - - 1 1 -Wholesale trade - - - - 8 8 7Distributive trade - - - - - - - 14

Hotels and restaurants - - - - - - - 10Transport, storage and communications - - - - .. .. - 15

Transport and storage - - - - - - 6Land transport including pipelines - - - - - - -Water transport - - - - - - 3Supporting and auxilary transport activities - - - - - - 3

Post and communications - - - - - - - 13Business activities - - - - - - - 35

Real estate - - - - - - ..Rental Activities - - - - - - 4Computer and related activities - - - - - - - 36Research and development - - - - - - ..Other business activities - - - - - - 2

Unspecified - - - - - 1 - 1 26Source: Statistics Finland, unpublished data.Note: Data refer to profits of majority-owned foreign affiliates in Finland.


Table 55a. Profits of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by geographical origin, 1995-2001

(Millions of Euros)

Region/economy 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001Total world 597.4 833.9 1 302.5 1 190.9 2 585.8 2 998.0 2 726.0

Developed countries 523.5 506.4 973.7 1 080.7 2 558.0 2 970.0 2 708.0Western Europe 457.9 429.5 755.1 818.4 2 118.8 2 403.0 2 241.0

European Union 327.0 318.2 555.8 611.2 1 882.6 2 277.0 2 060.0Austria - - 0.7 3.0 3.6 18.0 9.0Belgium - - 0.6 0.5 17.7 9.0 - 33.0Denmark 11.8 23.7 27.4 15.8 276.9 100.0 128.0France 3.2 4.7 15.1 13.6 37.7 50.0 75.0Germany 40.7 39.2 77.6 82.0 347.8 245.0 290.0Ireland - - - - 21.6 13.0 - 5.0Italy - 3.9 1.5 6.7 0.4 - 12.4 9.0 12.0Luxembourg - - 5.7 3.0 40.5 6.0 19.0Netherlands 84.2 59.2 70.2 167.6 234.1 224.0 1 157.0Spain - - - - 0.5 - 12.0 - 39.0Sweden 153.2 166.9 336.3 285.0 833.2 1 522.0 316.0United Kingdom 37.8 22.9 15.4 40.3 81.5 93.0 131.0

Other Western Europe 130.9 111.3 199.3 207.2 236.2 126.0 181.0Gibraltar - - - - 0.5 - - Guernsey - - - - .. - - 12.0Liechtenstein - - - - - 1.0 - 1.0Norway 6.8 4.4 74.7 76.1 120.5 - 19.0 27.0Switzerland 124.1 106.9 124.7 131.0 115.2 144.0 167.0



Central and Eastern Europe 14.8 24.2 15.2 1.0 45.4 42.0 28.0Czech Republic - - - - .. - - Estonia - - - - 12.1 6.0 - 3.0Poland - - - - .. - - Russian Federation 14.8 24.2 15.2 1.0 33.2 36.0 31.0

Unspecified 59.0 303.3 313.6 109.2 - 17.6 - 9.0 - 4.0


Notes: Data refer to the profits of foreign affiliates in Finland. Unspecified consists mainly of Bermuda, China,Cyprus, Hong Kong (China), Indonesia, Malaysia, Malta, Panama, Singapore, Turkey and Virgin Islands for which dataare not reported separately.


Table 55b. Profits of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by geographical origin, 1999-2001

(Millions of Euros)


Developed countries 1 677.1 1 547.0 1 379.0Western Europe 1 249.8 987.0 927.0

European Union 1 037.1 880.0 758.0Austria 3.4 - 4.0 9.0Belgium 2.5 5.0 5.0Denmark 211.0 95.0 122.0France 34.2 53.0 72.0Germany 120.4 143.0 135.0Ireland 20.4 11.0 - 7.0Italy - 0.7 - 6.0 - 2.0Luxembourg 10.5 7.0 20.0Netherlands 192.7 226.0 193.0Spain 0.5 - 12.0 - 39.0Sweden 360.6 305.0 192.0United Kingdom 81.7 57.0 58.0

Other Western Europe 212.7 107.0 169.0Liechtenstein - 1.0 - 1.0Norway 101.0 - 34.0 11.0Switzerland 111.7 140.0 168.0



Central and Eastern Europe 15.0 16.0 8.0Czech Republic .. - - Estonia .. - - Russian Federation 15.0 16.0 8.0

Unspecified - 20.9 - 5.0 - 9.0


Notes: Data refer to profits of majority-owned foreign affiliates in Finland. Unspecified consists mainly of Bermuda, China, Cyprus, Hong Kong (China), Indonesia, Malaysia, Malta, Panama, Singapore, Turkey and Virgin Islands for which data are not reported separately.


Table 59a. Exports of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by industry, 1995-2001

(Millions of Euros)

Sector/industry 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001Total 2 918.1 5 243.9 4 491.2 4 665.1 12 049.4 13 311.0 11 626.0

Primary 13.9 - - - 55.7 51.0 48.0Mining and quarrying 13.9 - - - 55.7 51.0 48.0

Secondary 2 825.9 5 140.7 4 333.2 4 511.9 11 798.6 13 158.0 11 451.0Food products and beverages 62.4 78.0 87.1 55.2 293.8 217.0 217.0Textiles, clothing and leather 20.3 19.5 19.8 36.8 72.7 69.0 80.0

Textiles 20.3 19.5 19.8 36.8 55.2 53.0 54.0Clothing - - - - 17.5 16.0 26.0Leather and leather products - - - - .. - -

Wood and wood products 160.2 104.1 191.3 162.9 4 054.5 4 446.0 447.0Manufacture of wood products, cork, etc. 33.1 - 67.2 58.1 386.9 392.0 57.0Paper and paper products 127.1 104.1 124.1 104.8 3 667.6 4 054.0 390.0

Publishing and printing 0.3 0.3 0.3 3.1 108.7 .. 131.0Coke, petroleum products and nuclear fuel - - - - .. - - Chemicals and chemical products 299.0 553.2 888.9 569.4 1 355.1 1 740.0 1 761.0Rubber and plastic products 36.3 47.8 51.9 62.4 225.8 325.0 306.0Non-metallic mineral products 146.8 213.6 217.4 195.8 291.3 306.0 365.0Metal and metal products 162.1 469.2 502.5 374.5 455.0 654.0 857.0

Basic metals - - - - 18.7 222.0 426.0Fabricated metal products 162.1 469.2 502.5 374.5 436.3 432.0 431.0

Machinery and equipment 551.6 626.8 845.7 852.2 1 438.0 1 592.0 2 169.0Electrical and electronic equipment 689.0 1 716.4 1 319.4 1 158.3 2 012.9 2 035.0 1 958.0

Office, accounting and computing machinery - 571.6 - - 247.4 - - Electrical machinery and apparatus 576.9 927.2 893.0 698.3 1 096.1 1 218.0 1 275.0Radio, television and communication apparatus 112.1 217.6 426.4 460.0 669.4 817.0 683.0

Precision instruments 75.8 133.2 168.5 - 249.5 313.0 392.0Motor vehicles and other transport equipment 591.8 1 127.3 - 1 008.2 1 152.5 1 218.0 2 648.0

Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers - - - - 105.9 129.0 1 047.0Other transport equipment 591.8 1 127.3 - 1 008.2 1 046.6 1 089.0 1 601.0

Other manufacturing 30.4 51.3 40.3 33.1 51.0 57.0 65.0Unspecified other manufacturing 30.4 51.3 40.3 33.1 - - -

Recycling - - - - .. - - Unspecified secondary - - - - 38.0 58.0 55.0

Tertiary 78.3 103.3 158.0 153.2 195.1 102.0 127.0Electricity, gas and water 0.6 .. - - 0.1 1.0 - Construction 77.7 103.3 158.0 153.2 195.0 101.0 127.0

Source: Statistics Finland, unpublished data.Note: Data refer to exports of foreign affiliates in Finland.


Table 59b. Exports of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by industry, 1999-2001

(Millions of Euros)



Secondary 7 268.4 8 036.0 9 396.0Food products and beverages 101.2 153.0 143.0Textiles, clothing and leather 61.6 60.0 60.0


Wood and wood products 309.2 322.0 324.0Manufacture of wood products, cork, etc 87.4 55.0 57.0Paper and paper products 221.8 267.0 267.0

Publishing and printing 63.2 .. 103.9Coke, petroleum products and nuclear fuel .. - - Chemicals and chemical products 1 339.5 1 661.0 1 730.0Rubber and plastic products 101.1 105.0 122.0Non-metallic mineral products 248.4 259.0 313.0Metal and metal products 448.0 654.0 833.0


Machinery and equipment 1 201.9 1 183.0 1 771.0Electrical and electronic equipment 1 925.7 1 931.0 1 861.0

Office, accounting and computing machinery 247.4 - - Electrical machinery and apparatus 1 044.3 1 142.0 1 196.0Radio, television and communication apparatus 633.9 789.0 665.0

Precision instruments 245.2 308.0 388.0Motor vehicles and other transport equipment 1 046.6 1 216.0 1 590.0

Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers .. 127.0 - Other transport equipment 1 046.6 1 089.0 1 590.0


Tertiary 182.4 93.0 126.0Electricity, gas and water 0.1 1.0 - Construction 182.4 92.0 126.0

Source: Statistics Finland, unpublished dataNote: Data refer to exports of majority-owned foreign affiliates in Finlan


Table 59c. Exports of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by industry and geographical origin, 2001

(Millions of Euros)


L W

OR

LD

Dev

elop

ed

Cou

ntrie

s

Wes

tern

Eur

ope

Euro

pean

Uni

on

Aus

tria

Belg

ium

Luxe

mbo

urg

Den

mar

k

Fran

ce

Ger

man

y

Irela

nd

Italy

Net

herla

nds

Total 11 626 8 972 6 730 4 888 367 .. 133 301 326 1 507 .. 31 ..Primary 48 - - - - - - - - - - - -

Mining and quarrying 48 - - - - - - - - - - - -Secondary 11 451 10 883 8 452 5 445 367 9 133 300 326 1 507 4 31 646

Food products and beverages 217 167 167 167 - - - 42 - - - - -Textiles, clothing and leather 80 15 15 15 - - - 15 - - - - -

Textiles 54 - - - - - - - - - - - -Clothing 26 15 15 15 - - - 15 - - - - -

Wood and wood products 447 184 184 159 - - - 29 - - - - -Manufacture of wood products, cork, etc. 57 29 29 29 - - - 29 - - - - -Paper and paper products 390 155 155 130 - - - - - - - - -

Publishing and printing 131 58 58 26 - - - - - - - - -Coke, petroleum products and nuclear fuel - - - - - - - - - - - - -Chemicals and chemical products 1 761 1 536 922 501 - - - 152 10 179 - - 57Rubber and plastic products 306 257 237 237 - - - 9 - 27 - - 75Non-metallic mineral products 365 341 341 341 - - - 14 40 54 4 - -Metal and metal products 857 430 253 253 - - - - - - - - -

Basic metals 426 167 167 167 - - - - - - - - -Fabricated metal products 431 263 86 86 - - - - - - - - -

Machinery and equipment 2 169 2 092 1 915 1 437 245 - - - 36 220 - 28 71Electrical and electronic equipment 1 958 1 537 1 041 353 - - - - 18 38 - - 297

Radio, television and communication apparatus 683 496 - - - - - - - - - - -Precision instruments 392 350 40 40 - - - - - - - - -Motor vehicles and other transport equipment 2 648 1 527 1 527 187 - - - - 187 - - - -

Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers 1 047 - - - - - - - - - - - -Other transport equipment 1 601 1 527 1 527 187 - - - - 187 - - - -

Other manufacturing 65 23 23 23 - - - - - - - - -Tertiary 127 111 111 102 - - - 1 - - - - -

Electricity, gas and water - 0 - - - - - - - - - - - -Construction 127 111 111 102 - - - 1 - - - - -

Unspecified - -2 022 -1 833 - 659 - .. - - - - .. - ../…


Table 59c. Exports of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by industry and geographical origin, 2001(concluded)

(Millions of Euros)

Sector/industry / Region/economy Spai

n

Swed

en

Uni

ted

King

dom

Oth

er W

este

rn

Euro

pe

Nor

way

Switz

erla

nd

Nor

th A

mer

ica

Can

ada

Uni

ted

Sta

tes

Japa

n

Dev

elop

ing

Cou

ntrie

s

Sin

gapo

re

Uns

peci

fied

Total .. 1 609 614 1 842 1 842 .. 2 242 .. 2 242 .. 101 101 2 553Primary - - - - - - - - - - - - 48

Mining and quarrying - - - - - - - - - - - - 48Secondary - 1 508 614 3 007 1 842 1 165 2 335 93 2 242 96 101 101 467

Food products and beverages - 125 - - - - - - - - - - 50Textiles, clothing and leather - - - - - - - - - - - - 65

Textiles - - - - - - - - - - - - 54Clothing - - - - - - - - - - - - 11

Wood and wood products - 130 - 25 25 - - - - - - - 263Manufacture of wood products, cork, etc. - - - - - - - - - - - - 28Paper and paper products - 130 - 25 25 - - - - - - - 235

Publishing and printing - 26 - 32 32 - - - - - - - 73Coke, petroleum products and nuclear fuel - - - - - - - - - - - - -Chemicals and chemical products - 103 - 421 421 - 614 - 614 - - - 225Rubber and plastic products - 126 - - - - 20 - 20 - - - 49Non-metallic mineral products - 50 179 - - - - - - - - - 24Metal and metal products - 219 34 - - - 177 - 177 - 24 24 403

Basic metals - 133 34 - - - - - - - - - 259Fabricated metal products - 86 - - - - 177 - 177 - 24 24 144

Machinery and equipment - 595 242 478 24 454 177 - 177 - - - 77Electrical and electronic equipment - - - 688 - 688 496 - 496 - 77 77 344

Radio, television and communication apparatus - - - - - - 496 - 496 - 77 77 110Precision instruments - 40 - - - - 310 - 310 - - - 42Motor vehicles and other transport equipment - - - 1 340 1 340 - - - - - - - 1 121

Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 047Other transport equipment - - - 1 340 1 340 - - - - - - - 74

Other manufacturing - 23 - - - - - - - - - - 42Tertiary - 101 - 9 - 9 - - - - - - 16

Electricity, gas and water - - - - - - - - - - - - -Construction - 101 - 9 - 9 - - - - - - 16

Unspecified .. - - -1 174 - .. .. .. - .. - - 2 022

Source: Statistics Finland, unpublished data.Note: Data refer to exports of foreign affiliates in Finland.


Table 59d. Exports of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by industry and geographical origin, 2001

(Millions of Euros)


L W

OR

LD

Dev

elop

ed

Cou

ntrie

s

Wes

tern

Eur

ope

Euro

pean

Uni

on

Aus

tria

Luxe

mbo

urg

Den

mar

k

Fran

ce

Ger

man

y

Irela

nd

Italy

Net

herla

nds

Spai

n

Swed

en

Total 9 569 9 230 6 822 3 635 367 133 299 317 279 4 30 458 .. 1 239Primary 47 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Mining and quarrying 47 - - - - - - - - - - - - -Secondary 9 396 9 120 6 712 3 534 367 133 299 317 279 4 30 458 .. 1 138

Food products and beverages 143 108 108 108 - - 42 - - - - - - 66Textiles, clothing and leather 60 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Textiles 43 - - - - - - - - - - - - -Clothing 17 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Wood and wood products 324 61 61 36 - - 29 - - - - - - 7Manufacture of wood products, cork, etc. 57 29 29 29 - - 29 - - - - - - -Paper and paper products 267 32 32 7 - - - - - - - - - 7

Publishing and printing 104 32 32 - - - - - - - - - - -Chemicals and chemical products 1 730 1 507 895 474 - - 152 - 162 - - 57 - 103Rubber and plastic products 122 72 52 52 - - 9 - 27 - - - - 16Non-metallic mineral products 313 288 288 288 - - 14 40 53 4 - - - -Metal and metal products 833 395 218 218 - - - - - - - - - 218

Basic metals 404 133 133 133 - - - - - - - - - 133Fabricated metal products 429 262 85 85 - - - - - - - - - 85

Machinery and equipment 1 771 1 721 1 544 1 068 245 - - 36 1 - 27 - - 595Electrical and electronic equipment 1 861 1 499 1 003 315 - - - 18 - - - 297 - -

Radio, television and communication apparatus 665 496 - - - - - - - - - - - -Precision instruments 388 349 39 39 - - - - - - - - - 39Motor vehicles and other transport equipment 1 590 1 340 1 340 - - - - - - - - - - -

Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Other transport equipment 1 590 1 340 1 340 - - - - - - - - - - -

Other manufacturing 44 23 23 23 - - - - - - - - - 23Tertiary 126 110 110 101 - - - - - - - - - 101

Electricity, gas and water - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Construction 126 110 110 101 - - - - - - - - - 101

/…


(Millions of Euros)


ted

King

dom

Oth

er W

este

rn

Euro

pe

Nor

way

Switz

erla

nd

Nor

th A

mer

ica

Can

ada

Uni

ted

Sta

tes

Japa

n

Dev

elop

ing

Cou

ntrie

s

Asi

a

Sin

gapo

re

Uns

peci

fied

Total 509 3 187 2 024 1 163 2 312 93 2 219 96 100 100 100 239Primary - - - - - - - - - - - 47

Mining and quarrying - - - - - - - - - - - 47Secondary 509 3 178 2 024 1 154 2 312 93 2 219 96 100 100 100 176

Food products and beverages - - - - - - - - - - - 35Textiles, clothing and leather - - - - - - - - - - - 60

Textiles - - - - - - - - - - - 43Clothing - - - - - - - - - - - 17

Wood and wood products - 25 25 - - - - - - - - 263Manufacture of wood products, cork, etc. - - - - - - - - - - - 28Paper and paper products - 25 25 - - - - - - - - 235

Publishing and printing - 32 32 - - - - - - - - 72Chemicals and chemical products - 421 421 - 612 - 612 - - - - 223Rubber and plastic products - - - - 20 - 20 - - - - 50Non-metallic mineral products 177 - - - - - - - - - - 25Metal and metal products - - - - 177 - 177 - 24 24 24 414

Basic metals - - - - - - - - - - - 271Fabricated metal products - - - - 177 - 177 - 24 24 24 143

Machinery and equipment 164 476 22 454 177 - 177 - - - - 50Electrical and electronic equipment - 688 - 688 496 - 496 - - - - 362

Radio, television and communication apparatus - - - - 496 - 496 - - - - 169Precision instruments - - - - 310 - 310 - - - - 39Motor vehicles and other transport equipment - 1 340 1 340 - - - - - - - - 250

Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers - - - - - - - - - - - -Other transport equipment - 1 340 1 340 - - - - - - - - 250

Other manufacturing - - - - - - - - - - - 21Tertiary - 9 - 9 - - - - - - - 16

Electricity, gas and water - - - - - - - - - - - -Construction - 9 - 9 - - - - - - - 16

Source: Statistics Finland, unpublished data.Note: Data refer to exports of majority-owned foreign affiliates in Finland.

Table 59d. Exports of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by industry and geographical origin, 2001(concluded)


Table 64. Imports of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by industry, 1995-1998

(Millions of Euros)

Sector/industry 1995 1996 1997 1998Total 901.1 1 878.9 1 725.0 1 149.9

Primary 0.2 - - - Mining, quarrying and petroleum 0.2 - - -

Mining and quarrying 0.2 - - - Secondary 887.0 1 865.1 1 711.1 1 134.8

Food, beverages and tobacco 107.5 144.3 182.1 72.2Food products and beverages 107.5 144.3 182.1 72.2

Textiles, clothing and leather 17.3 13.8 15.7 16.4Textiles 17.3 13.8 15.7 16.4

Wood and wood products 40.5 43.8 17.6 56.6Manufacture of wood products, cork, etc. 3.4 - 8.6 9.3Paper and paper products 37.2 43.8 8.9 47.3Publishing and printing 2.0 0.8 0.9 3.1

Chemicals and chemical products 155.1 229.1 386.7 208.2Rubber and plastic products 51.9 56.3 64.5 32.6Non-metallic mineral products 58.3 98.2 84.7 83.5Metal and metal products 76.2 103.2 124.3 63.8

Fabricated metal products 76.2 103.2 124.3 63.8Machinery and equipment 98.7 164.5 196.3 160.4Electrical and electronic equipment 243.8 843.4 588.8 252.0

Office, accounting and computing machinery - 369.1 - - Electrical machinery and apparatus 231.8 430.5 460.6 202.6Radio, television and communication apparatus 12.0 43.8 128.2 49.5

Precision instruments 19.2 28.5 34.3 - Motor vehicles and other transport equipment 6.4 126.5 - 162.7

Other transport equipment 6.4 126.5 - 162.7Other manufacturing 10.1 12.7 15.0 23.3

Tertiary 13.8 13.7 13.9 15.0Electricity, gas and water 0.5 2.2 - - Construction 13.3 11.6 13.9 15.0


Note: Data refer to imports of foreign affiliates in Finland.


Table 65. Imports of affiliates of foreign TNCsin the host economy, by geographical origin, 1996-1998

(Millions of Euros)

Region/economy 1996 1997 1998Total world 742.3 1 068.9 966.8

Developed countries 742.3 1 068.9 966.8Western Europe 671.9 899.7 868.1

European Union 395.2 505.2 470.2Denmark 20.2 26.5 17.6France - 17.3 5.9Germany 14.7 37.6 43.5Netherlands 81.3 108.8 75.2Sweden 238.1 269.0 237.4United Kingdom 40.9 46.0 90.7

Other Western Europe 276.7 394.5 397.9Norway 12.3 41.4 176.8Switzerland 264.4 353.1 221.0

North America 70.4 169.2 98.7United States 70.4 169.2 98.7


Note: Data refer to imports of foreign affiliates in Finland.


Table 69a. Research and development expenditures of affiliatesof foreign TNCs in the host economy, by industry, 1997-2001

(Millions of Euros)

Sector/industry 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001Total 197.0 221.1 487.4 91.0 98.0

Secondary 171.6 188.0 384.9 69.0 75.0Food, beverages and tobacco 1.1 2.3 15.5 3.0 3.0Textiles, clothing and leather - 1.1 1.1 - -

Textiles - 1.1 1.0 - - Clothing - - 0.1 - - Leather and leather products - - .. - -

Wood and wood products 0.3 0.7 22.7 4.0 - Manufacture of wood products, cork, etc. - 0.1 0.3 - - Paper and paper products 0.3 0.6 22.3 4.0 -

Publishing and printing - - 0.9 - - Coke, petroleum products and nuclear fuel 0.7 0.4 .. - - Chemicals and chemical products 32.8 36.1 69.8 12.0 14.0Rubber and plastic products - - 7.1 2.0 2.0Non-metallic mineral products 5.2 4.2 6.4 1.0 2.0Metal and metal products 9.0 11.7 12.8 2.0 5.0

Basic metals - - .. - 2.0Fabricated metal products 9.0 11.7 12.8 2.0 3.0

Machinery and equipment 16.4 25.9 77.5 16.0 19.0Electrical and electronic equipment 88.0 97.4 124.4 19.0 19.0

Office, accounting and computing machinery - - 4.6 - - Electrical machinery and apparatus - - 49.3 10.0 10.0Radio, television and communication apparatus - - 70.6 9.0 9.0Unspecified electrical and electronic equipment 88.0 97.4 - - -

Precision instruments 17.5 - 36.3 8.0 8.0Motor vehicles and other transport equipment - 7.4 9.6 1.0 3.0

Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers - - 3.0 - 1.0Other transport equipment - 7.4 6.6 1.0 2.0

Other manufacturing 0.5 0.9 0.7 - - Unspecified other manufacturing 0.5 0.9 - - -

Recycling - - .. - - Tertiary 25.5 33.1 9.3 .. 2.0

Electricity, gas and water - - 6.5 - - Construction 3.7 3.3 2.8 - 1.0Trade 14.2 22.4 - - - Transport, storage and communications 0.4 0.2 - .. 1.0

Transport and storage 0.4 0.2 - - - Business activities 7.2 7.2 - - -

Computer and related activities 3.6 4.8 - - - Other business activities 3.6 2.3 - - -

Unspecified - - 93.2 22.0 21.0


Note: Data refer to research and development expenditures of foreign affiliates in Finland.


Table 69b. Research and development expenditures of affiliatesof foreign TNCs in the host economy, by industry, 1999-2001

(Millions of Euros)

Sector/industry 1999 2000 2001Total 394.4 67.0 75.0

Secondary 305.2 50.0 55.0Food, beverages and tobacco 11.9 2.0 2.0Textiles, clothing and leather 1.1 - -

Textiles 1.0 - - Clothing 0.1 - - Leather and leather products .. - -

Wood and wood products 1.5 - - Manufacture of wood products, cork, etc. 0.0 - - Paper and paper products 1.5 - -

Coke, petroleum products and nuclear fuel .. - - Chemicals and chemical products 68.0 10.0 12.0Rubber and plastic products 1.4 - - Non-metallic mineral products 4.6 1.0 1.0Metal and metal products 12.8 2.0 3.0

Fabricated metal products 12.8 2.0 3.0Machinery and equipment 38.3 7.0 10.0Electrical and electronic equipment 119.7 18.0 17.0


Precision instruments 35.8 7.0 7.0Motor vehicles and other transport equipment 6.6 1.0 1.0

Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers .. - - Other transport equipment 6.6 1.0 1.0

Other manufacturing 0.4 - - Manufacture of furniture 0.4 - -

Recycling .. - - Unspecified secondary 3.0 2.0 2.0

Tertiary 2.6 - 1.0Construction 2.6 - 1.0



Note: Data refer to research and development expenditures of majority-ownedforeign affiliates in Finland.


Table 69c. Research and development expenditures of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by industry and geographical origin, 2001

(Millions of Euros)


L W

OR

LD

Dev

elop

ed

Cou

ntrie

s

Wes

tern

Eur

ope

Euro

pean

Uni

on

Aus

tria

Bel

gium

Luxe

mbo

urg

Den

mar

k

Fran

ce

Ger

man

y

Irela

nd

Italy

Net

herla

nds

Spa

in

Sw

eden

Uni

ted

Kin

gdom

Oth

er W

este

rn

Euro

pe

Liec

hten

stei

n

Nor

way

Sw

itzer

land

Nor

th A

mer

ica

Can

ada

Uni

ted

Sta

tes

Oth

er D

evel

oped

C

ount

ries

Japa

n

Cen

tral

and

Ea

ster

n Eu

rope

Est

onia

Rus

sian

Fed

erat

ion

Uns

peci

fied

Total 98 95 75 56 1 1 1 2 1 12 2 4 6 .. 21 5 19 .. 7 12 19 .. 19 1 1 1 1 .. 2Primary .. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ..Secondary 75 73 56 40 1 - 1 2 1 12 - 4 6 - 9 4 16 - 6 10 16 .. 16 1 1 - - - 2

Food products and beverages 3 2 2 2 - - - 1 - - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1Textiles, clothing and leather .. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ..Wood and wood products .. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ..Publishing and printing .. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ..Coke, petroleum products and nuclear fuel .. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ..Chemicals and chemical products 14 13 11 7 - - - - - 6 - - 1 - - - 4 - 4 - 2 - 2 - - - - - 1Rubber and plastic products 2 2 2 2 - - - - - - - - 1 - 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - ..Non-metallic mineral products 2 1 1 1 - - - - - - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1Metal and metal products 5 3 2 2 - - - - - - - - - - 1 1 - - - - 1 - 1 - - - - - 2

Basic metals 2 1 1 1 - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - 1Fabricated metal products 3 2 1 1 - - - - - - - - - - 1 - - - - - 1 - 1 - - - - - 1

Machinery and equipment 19 19 18 14 1 - - - - 4 - 4 1 - 3 1 4 - 1 3 1 - 1 - - - - - - 0Electrical and electronic equipment 19 13 7 1 - - - - - - - - 1 - - - 6 - - 6 6 - 6 - - - - - 6

Radio, television and communication apparatus 9 6 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6 - 6 - - - - - 3Precision instruments 8 6 1 1 - - - - - - - - - - 1 - - - - - 5 - 5 - - - - - 2Motor vehicles and other transport equipment 3 1 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - 1 - - - - - - - - - 2

Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1Other transport equipment 2 1 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 - 1 - - - - - - - - - 1

Other manufacturing .. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ..Tertiary 2 .. .. .. - .. - .. .. .. - - - - .. .. .. - .. .. .. - .. - - .. - .. 2

Electricity, gas and water .. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ..Construction 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1Transport, storage and communications 1 .. .. .. .. .. - .. .. .. - - - - .. .. .. - .. .. .. - .. - - .. - .. 1

Transport and storage .. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ..Post and communications 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1

Unspecified 21 22 19 16 - 1 .. .. .. .. 2 .. .. .. 12 1 3 .. 1 2 3 - 3 .. .. 1 1 - - 2

Source: Statistics Finland, unpublished data.Note: Data refer to research and development expenditures of foreign affiliates in Finland.


Table 69d. Research and development expenditures of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by industry and geographical origin, 2001

(Millions of Euros)


L W

OR

LD

Dev

elop

ed C

ount

ries

Wes

tern

Eur

ope

Euro

pean

Uni

on

Aus

tria

Belg

ium

Luxe

mbo

urg

Den

mar

k

Fran

ce

Ger

man

y

Irela

nd

Italy

Net

herla

nds

Spai

n

Swed

en

Uni

ted

King

dom

Oth

er W

este

rn E

urop

e

Nor

way

Switz

erla

nd

Nor

th A

mer

ica

Can

ada

Uni

ted

Sta

tes

Oth

er D

evel

oped

C

ount

ries

Japa

n

Dev

elop

ing

Cou

ntrie

s

Asi

a

Sin

gapo

re

Uns

peci

fied

Total 75 75 56 37 1 .. 1 2 1 5 2 .. 4 .. 18 3 19 7 12 18 .. 18 1 1 .. .. .. ..Primary .. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ..

Mining and quarrying .. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ..Secondary 55 53 36 21 1 - 1 2 1 5 - .. 3 .. 6 2 15 6 9 16 - 16 1 1 - - - 2

Food products and beverages 2 1 1 1 - - - 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1Textiles, clothing and leather .. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ..

Textiles .. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ..Clothing .. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ..

Wood and wood products .. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ..Manufacture of wood products, cork, etc. .. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ..Paper and paper products .. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ..

Publishing and printing .. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ..Chemicals and chemical products 12 10 9 5 - - - - - 4 - - 1 - - - 4 4 - 1 - 1 - - - - - 2Rubber and plastic products .. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ..Non-metallic mineral products 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1Metal and metal products 3 2 1 1 - - - - - - - - - - 1 - - - - 1 - 1 - - - - - 1

Basic metals .. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ..Fabricated metal products 3 2 1 1 - - - - - - - - - - 1 - - - - 1 - 1 - - - - - 1

Machinery and equipment 10 10 9 5 1 - - - - - - - - - 3 1 4 1 3 1 - 1 - - - - - ..Electrical and electronic equipment 17 13 7 1 - - - - - - - - 1 - - - 6 - 6 6 - 6 - - - - - 4

Radio, television and communication apparatus 8 6 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6 - 6 - - - - - 2Precision instruments 7 6 1 1 - - - - - - - - - - 1 - - - - 5 - 5 - - - - - 1Motor vehicles and other transport equipment 1 1 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 1 - - - - - - - - - ..

Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers .. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ..Other transport equipment 1 1 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 1 - - - - - - - - - ..

Other manufacturing .. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ..Tertiary 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1

Electricity, gas and water .. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ..Construction 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1Trade .. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ..

Wholesale trade .. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ..Unspecified 19 22 20 16 - .. .. - .. .. 2 .. 1 .. 12 1 4 1 3 2 - 2 - - - - - - 3

Source: Statistics Finland, unpublished data.Note: Data refer to research and development expenditures of majority-owned foreign affiliates in Finland.


Table 70a. Research and development expenditures of affiliates of TNCsin the host economy, by geographical origin, 1997-2001

(Millions of Euros)

Region/economy 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001Total world 197.0 221.1 487.4 91.0 98.0

Developed countries 181.8 218.9 481.5 90.0 95.0Western Europe 115.4 137.6 365.6 72.0 75.0

European Union 57.7 72.9 272.6 56.0 56.0Austria - - 1.7 2.0 1.0Belgium - - 1.9 - 1.0Denmark 0.4 1.2 11.4 2.0 2.0France 0.9 2.1 0.8 1.0 1.0Germany 32.4 31.1 54.5 9.0 12.0Ireland - - 1.9 - 2.0Italy - - 19.3 4.0 4.0Luxembourg - - 2.2 1.0 1.0Netherlands 6.4 9.6 18.3 4.0 6.0Spain - - 0.2 - - Sweden 15.4 22.8 136.4 27.0 21.0United Kingdom 2.2 6.0 24.1 6.0 5.0

Other Western Europe 57.6 64.7 93.0 16.0 19.0Guernsey - - .. - - Norway 8.3 8.9 34.6 5.0 7.0Switzerland 49.3 55.8 58.4 11.0 12.0

North America 65.7 80.8 107.5 17.0 19.0Canada - - 0.2 - - United States 65.7 80.8 107.3 17.0 19.0

Other developed countries 0.8 0.4 8.4 1.0 1.0Australia - - .. - - Japan 0.8 0.4 8.4 1.0 1.0

Central and Eastern Europe 0.4 0.3 0.2 1.0 1.0Czech Republic - - .. - - Poland - - .. - - Russian Federation 0.4 0.3 0.2 - -

Unspecified - - 5.7 .. 2.0


Notes: Data refer to the research and development expenditures of foreign affiliates in Finland. Unspecified consists mainly of Bermuda, China, Cyprus, Hong Kong (China), Indonesia, Malaysia, Malta, Panama, Singapore, Turkey and Virgin Islands for which data are not reported separately.


Table 70b. Research and development expenditures of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy,

by geographical origin, 1999-2001

(Millions of Euros)

Region/economy 1999 2000 2001Total world 394.4 67.0 75.0

Developed countries 388.4 66.0 75.0Western Europe 273.6 48.0 56.0

European Union 184.9 33.0 37.0Austria 1.7 - 1.0Belgium - - - Denmark 11.4 2.0 2.0France 0.9 1.0 1.0Germany 32.5 5.0 5.0Ireland 1.8 - 2.0Italy 0.4 - - Luxembourg 2.1 - 1.0Netherlands 16.6 4.0 4.0Spain 0.1 - - Sweden 97.7 17.0 18.0United Kingdom 19.6 4.0 3.0

Other Western Europe 88.7 15.0 19.0Norway 34.5 5.0 7.0Switzerland 54.2 10.0 12.0

North America 106.4 17.0 18.0Canada 0.1 - - United States 106.3 17.0 18.0


Central and Eastern Europe 0.2 - - Czech Republic .. - - Estonia .. - - Russian Federation 0.2 - -

Unspecified 5.7 1.0 -


Notes: Data refer to the research and development expenditures of majority-owned foreignaffiliates in Finland. Unspecified consists mainly of Bermuda, China, Cyprus, Hong Kong(China), Indonesia, Malaysia, Malta, Panama, Singapore, Turkey and Virgin Islands forwhich data are not reported separately.


Table 74a. Employment in research and development of affiliatesof foreign TNCs in the host economy, by industry, 1997-2001

(Number of employees)

Sector/industry 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001Total 3 314.6 3 387.0 6 554.0 6 947.0 7 214.0

Primary - - 1.0 15.0 17.0Mining and quarrying - - 1.0 15.0 17.0

Secondary 2 735.2 2 768.0 5 304.0 5 236.0 5 629.0Food, beverages and tobacco 25.1 36.0 213.0 237.0 245.0Textiles, clothing and leather - 26.0 20.0 20.0 16.0

Textiles - 26.0 14.0 13.0 9.0Clothing - - 6.0 7.0 7.0Leather and leather products - - .. - -

Wood and wood products 11.0 11.0 312.0 288.0 44.0Manufacture of wood products, cork, etc. - 2.0 5.0 3.0 4.0Paper and paper products 11.0 9.0 307.0 285.0 40.0Publishing and printing - - 11.0 - 5.0

Coke, petroleum products and nuclear fuel 17.7 18.0 .. - - Chemicals and chemical products 504.0 574.0 886.0 898.0 928.0Rubber and plastic products - - 186.0 229.0 248.0Non-metallic mineral products 131.0 91.0 122.0 132.0 134.0

Metal and metal products 154.1 167.0 173.0 183.0 380.0Fabricated metal products 154.1 167.0 173.0 176.0 216.0

Machinery and equipment 260.2 397.0 949.0 1 031.0 1 169.0Electrical and electronic equipment 1 326.3 1 260.0 1 345.0 1 515.0 1 533.0

Office, accounting and computing machinery - - 60.0 - - Electrical machinery and apparatus - - 651.0 776.0 769.0Radio, television and communication apparatus - - 634.0 739.0 764.0Unspecified electrical and electronic equipment 1 326.3 1 260.0 - - -

Precision instruments 296.5 - 907.0 476.0 552.0Motor vehicles and other transport equipment - 175.0 162.0 187.0 336.0

Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers - - 24.0 26.0 92.0Other transport equipment - 175.0 138.0 161.0 244.0

Other manufacturing 9.3 13.0 18.0 23.0 35.0Unspecified other manufacturing 9.3 13.0 - - -

Recycling - - .. - - Tertiary 579.5 619.0 58.0 125.0 134.0

Electricity, gas and water - - 2.0 11.0 3.0Construction 134.9 119.0 56.0 68.0 81.0Trade 236.2 292.0 - - - Transport, storage and communications 5.2 2.0 - 46.0 50.0

Transport and storage 5.2 2.0 - 3.0 2.0Business activities 203.2 206.0 - - -

Computer and related activities 53.6 59.0 - - - Other business activities 149.6 147.0 - - -

Unspecified - - 1 191.0 1 571.0 1 434.0

Source: Statistics Finland, unpublished data.Note: Data refer to the number (in thousands) of employees in research and developmentof foreign affiliates in Finland.


Table 74b. Employment in research and development of affiliatesof foreign TNCs in the host economy, by industry, 1999-2001



Secondary 4 372 3 953 4 309Food, beverages and tobacco 168 163 158Textiles, clothing and leather 20 20 16

Textiles 14 13 9Clothing 6 7 7Leather and leather products .. - -

Wood and wood products 29 29 33Manufacture of wood products, cork, etc. 1 - 4Paper and paper products 28 29 29

Coke, petroleum products and nuclear fuel .. - - Chemicals and chemical products 864 813 812Rubber and plastic products 24 20 18Non-metallic mineral products 88 80 97

Metal and metal products 173 183 232Fabricated metal products 173 176 211

Machinery and equipment 614 600 758Electrical and electronic equipment 1 316 1 377 1 437

Office, accounting and computing machinery 60 - - Electrical machinery and apparatus 645 693 728Radio, television and communication apparatus 611 684 709


Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers .. 26 - Other transport equipment 138 161 150

Other manufacturing 12 12 24Recycling .. - - Unspecified secondary 24 7 31

Tertiary 50 73 81Construction 50 63 81

Unspecified 1 033 1 039 1 120

Source: Statistics Finland, unpublished data.Note: Data refer to the number (in thousands) of employees in research and development ofmajority-owned foreign affiliates in Finland.


Table 74c. Employment in research and development of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by industry and geographical origin, 2001



L W

OR

LD

Dev

elop

ed

Cou

ntrie

s

Wes

tern

Eur

ope

Euro

pean

Uni

on

Aust

ria

Bel

gium

Luxe

mbo

urg

Den

mar

k

Fran

ce

Ger

man

y

Irela

nd

Italy

Net

herla

nds

Spai

n

Swed

en

Uni

ted

King

dom

Total 7 214 7 061 5 567 4 297 153 102 51 176 82 696 47 202 609 33 1 546 600Primary 17 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Mining and quarrying 17 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Secondary 5 629 5 448 4 146 3 081 153 - 51 170 70 672 17 202 585 - 693 468

Food products and beverages 245 223 223 223 - - - 111 - - - - - - 112 -Textiles, clothing and leather 16 7 7 7 - - - 7 - - - - - - - -

Textiles 9 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Clothing 7 7 7 7 - - - 7 - - - - - - - -

Wood and wood products 44 11 11 11 - - - 4 - - - - - - 7 -Manufacture of wood products, cork, etc. 4 4 4 4 - - - 4 - - - - - - - -Paper and paper products 40 7 7 7 - - - - - - - - - - 7 -

Publishing and printing 5 5 5 5 - - - - - - - - - - 5 -Coke, petroleum products and nuclear fuel .. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Chemicals and chemical products 928 809 700 522 - - - 2 5 401 - - 74 - 40 -Rubber and plastic products 248 242 242 242 - - - - - 7 - - 88 - 147 -Non-metallic mineral products 134 125 125 125 - - - 14 10 25 17 - - - 31 28Metal and metal products 380 300 202 202 - - - - - - - - - - 59 143

Basic metals 164 144 144 144 - - - - - - - - - - 1 143Fabricated metal products 216 156 58 58 - - - - - - - - - - 58 -

Machinery and equipment 1 169 1 154 1 077 811 135 - - - 11 150 - 202 57 - 168 88Electrical and electronic equipment 1 533 1 159 671 216 - - - - 37 22 - - 157 - - -

Radio, television and communication apparatus 764 488 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Precision instruments 552 490 90 90 - - - - - - - - - - 90 -Motor vehicles and other transport equipment 336 104 104 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers 92 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Other transport equipment 244 104 104 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Other manufacturing 35 21 21 21 - - - - - - - - - - 21 -Tertiary 134 129 125 116 - 29 - .. 12 .. - - - - 74 1

Electricity, gas and water 3 3 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Construction 81 76 76 67 - - - - - - - - - - 67 -Transport, storage and communications 50 50 49 49 - 29 - .. 12 .. - - - - 7 1

Transport and storage 2 2 1 1 - - - - - - - - - - - 1Land transport including pipelines .. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Water transport 1 1 1 1 - - - - - - - - - - - 1Supporting and auxilary transport activities 1 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Post and communications 48 36 36 36 - 29 - - - - - - - - 7 -Unspecified 1 434 1 484 1 296 1 100 - 73 .. 6 .. 24 30 .. 24 33 779 131

/…


Table 74c. Employment in research and development of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by industry and geographical origin, 2001(concluded)



er W

este

rn

Euro

pe

Gue

rnse

y

Liec

hten

stei

n

Nor

way

Sw

itzer

land

Nor

th A

mer

ica

Can

ada

Uni

ted

Stat

es

Japa

n

Dev

elop

ing

Cou

ntrie

s

Asi

a

Sing

apor

eC

entr

al a

nd E

aste

rn

Euro

pe

Esto

nia

Rus

sian

Fed

erat

ion

Uns

peci

fied

Total 1 270 36 .. 355 879 1 401 2 1 399 93 28 28 28 39 34 5 86Primary - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 17

Mining and quarrying - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 17Secondary 1 065 - - 328 737 1 213 2 1 211 89 28 28 28 - - - 153

Food products and beverages - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 22Textiles, clothing and leather - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 9

Textiles - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 9Clothing - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ..

Wood and wood products - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 33Manufacture of wood products, cork, etc. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ..Paper and paper products - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 33

Publishing and printing - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ..Coke, petroleum products and nuclear fuel - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ..Chemicals and chemical products 178 - - 178 - 109 - 109 - - - - - - - 119Rubber and plastic products - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6Non-metallic mineral products - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 9Metal and metal products - - - - - 98 - 98 - 10 10 10 - - - 70

Basic metals - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 20Fabricated metal products - - - - - 98 - 98 - 10 10 10 - - - 50

Machinery and equipment 266 - - 46 220 77 - 77 - - - - - - - 15Electrical and electronic equipment 455 - - - 455 488 - 488 - 18 18 18 - - - 356

Radio, television and communication apparatus - - - - - 488 - 488 - 18 18 18 - - - 258Precision instruments - - - - - 400 - 400 - - - - - - - 62Motor vehicles and other transport equipment 104 - - 104 - - - - - - - - - - - 232

Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 92Other transport equipment 104 - - 104 - - - - - - - - - - - 140

Other manufacturing - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 14Tertiary 9 - - .. 9 4 - 4 - - - - .. - .. 5

Electricity, gas and water - - - - - 3 - 3 - - - - - - - ..Construction 9 - - - 9 - - - - - - - - - - 5Transport, storage and communications .. - - .. .. 1 - 1 - - - - .. - .. ..

Transport and storage - - - - - 1 - 1 - - - - - - - ..Land transport including pipelines - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ..Water transport - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ..Supporting and auxilary transport activities - - - - - 1 - 1 - - - - - - - ..

Post and communications - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 12Unspecified 196 36 .. 27 133 184 .. 184 4 - - - 39 34 5 - 89


Note: Data refer to the number (in thousands) of employees in research and development of foreign affiliates in Finland.Unspecified consists mainly of Bermuda, China, Cyprus, Hong Kong (China), Indonesia, Malaysia, Malta, Panama, Singapore,Turkey and Virgin Islands for which data are not reported separately.


Table 74d. Employment in research and development of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy,by industry and geographical origin, 2001



L W

OR

LD

Dev

elop

ed

Cou

ntrie

s

Wes

tern

Eur

ope

Euro

pean

Uni

on

Aus

tria

Bel

gium

Luxe

mbo

urg

Den

mar

k

Fran

ce

Ger

man

y

Irela

nd

Italy

Net

herla

nds

Spa

in

Sw

eden

Uni

ted

Kin

gdom

Oth

er W

este

rn

Euro

pe

Nor

way

Sw

itzer

land

Nor

th A

mer

ica

Can

ada

Uni

ted

Sta

tes

Japa

n

Dev

elop

ing

Cou

ntrie

s

Asi

a

Sin

gapo

re

Cen

tral

and

Ea

ster

n Eu

rope

Rus

sian

Fed

erat

ion

Uns

peci

fied

Total 5 527 5 192 3 782 2 546 153 1 51 176 65 379 47 29 254 33 1 208 150 1 236 427 809 1 322 2 1 320 88 28 28 28 4 4 303Primary 17 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 17

Mining and quarrying 17 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 17Secondary 4 309 3 945 2 670 1 593 153 - 51 170 65 355 17 29 231 - 0 426 96 1 077 403 674 1 191 2 1 189 84 28 28 28 - - 336

Food products and beverages 158 143 143 143 - - - 111 - - - - - - 32 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 15Textiles, clothing and leather 16 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 16

Textiles 9 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 9Clothing 7 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7

Wood and wood products 33 5 5 5 - - - 4 - - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 28Manufacture of wood products, cork, etc. 4 4 4 4 - - - 4 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ..Paper and paper products 29 1 1 1 - - - - - - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 28

Publishing and printing .. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ..Chemicals and chemical products 812 700 608 430 - - - 2 - 314 - - 74 - 40 - 178 178 - 92 - 92 - - - - - - 112Rubber and plastic products 18 12 12 12 - - - - - 7 - - - - 5 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6Non-metallic mineral products 97 88 88 88 - - - 14 10 19 17 - - - - 28 - - - - - - - - - - - - 9Metal and metal products 232 152 59 59 - - - - - - - - - - 59 - - - - 93 - 93 - 10 10 10 - - 70

Basic metals 21 1 1 1 - - - - - - - - - - 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 20Fabricated metal products 211 151 58 58 - - - - - - - - - - 58 - - - - 93 - 93 - 10 10 10 - - 50

Machinery and equipment 758 746 669 411 135 - - - 11 - - 29 - - 168 68 258 46 212 77 - 77 - - - - - - 12Electrical and electronic equipment 1 437 1 137 649 194 - - - - 37 - - - 157 - - - 455 - 455 488 - 488 - - - - - - 300

Radio, television and communication apparatus 709 488 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 488 - 488 - - - - - - 221Precision instruments 543 487 87 87 - - - - - - - - - - 87 - - - - 400 - 400 - - - - - - 56Motor vehicles and other transport equipment 150 104 104 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 104 104 - - - - - - - - - - 46

Motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers .. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ..Other transport equipment 150 104 104 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 104 104 - - - - - - - - - - 46

Other manufacturing 24 21 21 21 - - - - - - - - - - 21 - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3Tertiary 81 76 76 67 - - - - - - - - - - 67 - 9 - 9 - - - - - - - - - 5

Electricity, gas and water .. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ..Construction 81 76 76 67 - - - - - - - - - - 67 - 9 - 9 - - - - - - - - - 5Trade .. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ..

Wholesale trade .. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ..Unspecified 1 120 1 171 1 036 886 - 1 .. 6 .. 24 30 .. 23 33 715 54 150 24 126 131 - 131 4 - - - 4 4 - 55

Source: Statistics Finland, unpublished data.Note: Data refer to the number (in thousands) of employees in research and development of majority-owned foreign affiliates in Finland.


Table 75a. Employment in research and development of affiliates of foreignTNCs in the host economy, by geographical origin, 1997-2001


Region/economy 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001Total world 3 050.8 3 337.0 6 554.0 6 947.0 7 214.0

Developed countries 3 039.2 3 329.0 6 488.0 6 803.0 7 136.0Western Europe 2 065.4 2 291.0 4 808.0 5 449.0 5 642.0

European Union 1 150.7 1 362.0 3 582.0 4 186.0 4 297.0Austria - - 25.0 170.0 153.0Belgium - - 78.0 75.0 102.0Denmark 4.7 8.0 180.0 170.0 176.0France 30.5 56.0 31.0 57.0 82.0Germany 522.1 472.0 707.0 561.0 696.0Ireland - - 26.0 14.0 47.0Italy - - 185.0 191.0 202.0Luxembourg - - 46.0 66.0 51.0Netherlands 80.9 191.0 308.0 338.0 609.0Spain - - 1.0 26.0 33.0Sweden 464.4 547.0 1 661.0 2 044.0 1 546.0United Kingdom 48.0 88.0 334.0 474.0 600.0

Other Western Europe 914.8 929.0 1 226.0 1 263.0 1 345.0Guernsey - - .. - 36.0Norway 197.6 203.0 509.0 413.0 430.0Switzerland 717.2 726.0 717.0 850.0 879.0

North America 958.3 1 022.0 1 561.0 1 274.0 1 401.0Canada - - 3.0 5.0 2.0United States 958.3 1 022.0 1 558.0 1 269.0 1 399.0

Other developed countries 15.5 16.0 119.0 80.0 93.0Australia - - .. - - Japan 15.5 16.0 119.0 80.0 93.0

Central and Eastern Europe 11.5 8.0 7.0 83.0 39.0Czech Republic - - .. - - Poland - - .. - - Russian Federation 11.5 8.0 7.0 6.0 5.0

Unspecified - - 59.0 22.0 11.0


Notes: Data refer to the number (in thousands) of employees in research and development of foreign affiliates inFinland. Unspecified consists mainly of Bermuda, China, Cyprus, Hong Kong (China), Indonesia, Malaysia, Malta,Panama, Singapore, Turkey and Virgin Islands for which data are not reported separately.


Table 75b. Employment in research and development of affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, by geographical origin, 1999-2001




European Union 2 530 2 510 2 846Austria 25 29 153Belgium 1 - 1Denmark 180 170 176France 31 57 65Germany 520 404 379Ireland 26 14 47Italy 19 29 29Luxembourg 46 37 51Netherlands 284 320 352Spain 1 26 33Sweden 1 127 1 105 1 208United Kingdom 270 319 352

Other Western Europe 1 194 1 187 1 236Norway 504 406 427Switzerland 690 781 809

North America 1 547 1 240 1 322Canada 3 - 2United States 1 544 1 240 1 320

Other developed countries 118 77 88Australia .. - - Japan 118 77 88

Central and Eastern Europe 7 5 4Czech Republic .. - - Estonia .. - - Russian Federation 7 5 4

Unspecified 59 22 3


Notes: Data refer to the number (in thousands) of employees in research and development ofmajortiy-owned foreign affiliates in Finland. Unspecified consists mainly of Bermuda, China,Cyprus, Hong Kong (China), Indonesia, Malaysia, Malta, Panama, Singapore, Turkey and VirginIslands for which data are not reported separately.


Company Industry Sales Employees

A. Industrial

Nokia Corporation Electrical and electronic equipment 29 455 51 359Stora Enso OYJ Wood products 12 172 42 814Fortum Corp. Petroleum 11 392 13 046UPM-Kymmene Wood products 9 948 34 482M-Real OY Wood products 6 044 19 636Outokumpu OY Metal products 5 921 19 359Metso Corp. Machinery equipment 4 250 26 240Rautaruukki OY Metal products 2 953 12 782Kemira OY Chemicals 2 738 10 498Wartsila Machinery equipment 2 358 12 110Huhtamaki OYJ Wood products 2 108 15 508Tamro Pharmaceuticals 2 071 3 812VALIO OYJ Beverages 1 567 4 302A. AHLSTROM OY Metal products 1 556 6 486Amer Group Limited Textile products 1 104 4 013Uponor Chemicals 1 021 4 803Atria Food 765 3 377

B. Tertiary

Kesko Limited Trade 7 070 19 411Kone Corp. Construction 5 344 33 305Sanoma-Wsoy Publishing printing and media 2 434 14 207YIT-Yhtyma Construction 2 390 21 939Orion Corp. Precision instruments 2 262 4 690Elcoteq Network OYJ Telecommunications 2 236 13 013Sonera OYJ Telecommunications 1 950 26 694Finnair OYJ Transport and storage 1 558 9 981Elisa OYJ Telecommunications 1 538 6 683Stockmann AB OY Trade 1 413 9 542Tietoenator Business activities 1 374 11 680Lemminkainen Corp. Business activities 1 359 6 505ALKO OYJ Trade 1 133 2 574OY TEBOIL AB Trade 1 082 357Sanitec OYJ ABP Non-metallic mineral products 951 7 877KCI Konecranes International Plc Construction 705 2 600Finnlines Limited Transport and storage 701 2 188

C. Finance and Insurance Assets Employees

Nordea Companies Finland (NCF) Plc Finance 94 245 22 785Sampo PLC Insurance 25 250 5 265Okobank OY Finance 14 754 1 138AKTIA SAASTOPANKKI OYJ Finance 3 512 812Pohjola Group PLC Insurance 2 781 2 801Alandsbanken ABP Finance 1 851 375

Table 86. Largest home-based TNCs, 2003

(Millions of Euros and number)

Sources: Thomson Financial Piranhaweb (http://www.piranhaweb.com), Who Owns Whom, 2003 (London, Dun and Bradstreet Ltd., 2003), various company websites.


Table 87. Largest foreign affiliates of home-based TNCs, 2000

(Millions of United States dollars and number)

Company Host economy Industry Sales Employees

A. Industrial

Nokia Brasil Brazil Electrical and electronic equipment 982 ..Nokia France France Electrical and electronic equipment 860 340Nokia Austria GmbH Austria Electrical and electronic equipment 376 200Kemira Kemi AB Sweden Chemicals 278 a 785Nokia Danmark AS Denmark Electrical and electronic equipment 273 ..Holzindustrie Schweighofer AG Austria Wood and wood products 258 847Stora Enso Scandinavia AB Sweden Paper 183 a ..Nokia Hungary Kommunikacios Kft Hungary Electrical and electronic equipment 135 a ..Celulose Da Beira Industrial (Celbi) SA Portugal Food 130 a 420Rakvere Lihakombinaat AS Estonia Food 61 ..Eesti Metallieksport AS Estonia Metals 49 ..Imavere Saeveski AS Estonia Wood 43 ..Elcoteq Tallinn AS Estonia Electrical and electronic equipment 40 ..Fanaal AS Estonia Non-metallic mineral products 40 a ..JOT Eesti OU Estonia Electrical and electronic equipment 40 ..Lindeks AS Latvia Wood 34 a ..

B. Tertiary

Nomeco AS Denmark Trade 728 ..IPS AS Czech Republic Construction 328 a ..Eesti Telekom Estonia Telecommunications 266 ..Lattelekom SA Latvia Telecommunications 221 a ..Valmet Fibertech AB Sweden Construction 199 a 666Latvijas Mobilais Telekoms AS Latvia Telecommunications 110 a ..Neste Eesti AS Estonia Trade 60 ..Eesti Gaas AS Estonia Electricity, gas and water 52 a ..Neste Oil Latvija SA Latvia Trade 40 a ..Ventbunkers Latvia Transport and storage 27 a ..Sonera Sverige AB Sweden Telecommunications 25 a 134Transelectric AB Sweden Construction 22 a 68Radiolinja Eesti AS Estonia Telecommunications 17 ..Toftan AS Estonia Other services 14 a ..


Nordbanken AB Sweden Finance 62 401 7 196

a December 1999.

Sources: The Banker's Almanac, 2001 (London, Reed Information Services Ltd, 2001), City Guide to Hungary (Budapest BusinessJournal/ITD Hungary, 1999), Classic Ratings Database, 2001 (New York, McGraw-Hill Companies, 2001), Foreign Investment inLatin America & the Caribbean (ECLAC, United Nations 2000), Thomson Financial Piranhaweb (http://www.piranhaweb.com),Who Owns Whom, 2001 (London, Dun and Bradstreet Ltd, 2001), Worldscope Database, June 2001, World Investment Directory Asiaand the Pacific (Geneva, United Nations, 2000) World Investment Directory Central & Eastern Europe (Geneva, United Nations,forthcoming), Wright Company Analysis (http://profiles.wisi.com/), various company websites.


Table 88. Largest affiliates of foreign TNCs in the host economy, 2000

(Millions of Finnish Euros and number)

Company Home Economy Industry Sales Employees

A. Industrial

ABB OY Switzerland Electrical and Electronic Equipment 1 514 9 997Tellabs Finland United States Electrical and Electronic Equipment 825 2 482Shell Finland Netherlands/United Kingdom Petroleum 693 1 101Esso AB OY France Petroleum 405 a 312Danisco Finland Denmark Food 366 1 100IBM Finland United States Electrical and Electronic Equipment 361 993Compaq Computer United States Electrical and Electronic Equipment 297 335Flextronics International Finland Singapore Electrical and Electronic Equipment 281 1 091WM-data Finland Sweden Electrical and Electronic Equipment 270 b 860L M Ericsson Finland Sweden Electrical and Electronic Equipment 176 1 073Georgia-Pacific Finland United States Wood and wood products 166 555SCI Systems Finland United States Electrical and Electronic Equipment 120 463

B. Tertiary

Volvo Auto Finland Sweden Automotive trade and repair 610 b 724Spar Finland Germany Trade 608 968NCC Finland Sweden Construction 592 2 476Toyota Motor Japan Automotive trade and repair 462 c 585Hewlett-Packard OY United States Trade 451 364Siemens Osakeyhtioe Germany Diversified 282 d 1 292Opel Finland United States Automotive trade and repair 277 22Vattenfall Finland Sweden Electricity, gas and Water 274 854Electrolux Sweden Trade 249 277Ford OY AB United States Automotive trade and repair 243 31Unilever Finland United Kingdom/Netherlands Trade 215 427Panasonic Finland Japan Trade 155 72ISS Finland Denmark Other services 148 6 306Canon OY Japan Trade 144 545Danzas ASG Eurocargo Germany Transport and storage 137 380Ingram Micro Finland United States Trade 125 360


Merita Bank Plc Sweden/Denmark Finance 61 140 10 050Nordic Investment Bank Sweden/Denmark/Norway Finance 13 899 129Aktia Sparbank Abp Sweden Finance 2 977 850

aOctober 2000. bMarch 2001. cMarch 2000. dSeptember 2000.

Sources: The Banker's Almanac, 2001 (London, Reed Information Services Ltd, 2001), Classic Ratings Database, 2001 (New York, McGraw-Hill Companies, 2001), Talouselämä (http://www.talouselama.fi/),Thomson Financial Piranhaweb (http://www.piranhaweb.com),Who OwnsWhom, 2001 (London, Dun and Bradstreet Ltd, 2001), Worldscope Database, June 2001, Wright Company Analysis (http://profiles.wisi.com/),various company websites.


C. Legal framework for FDI 1. National policy framework Finland has a favourable attitude toward FDI which was reinforced in 1993, with the abolition of laws restricting foreign ownership. As of November 2000, the main features of the FDI regime include he following: Entry and establishment: There are no restrictions on entry and establishment but a non European Economic Area company is required to obtain a license to start doing business in a number of activities, including banking and insurance, nuclear energy, mining, manufacturing and sale of medical substances, travel agencies, private security services, restaurant and catering services. The Invest in Finland Office provides potential investors detailed information regarding investment conditions in Finland. Ownership and control: Since 1993, ownership of business companies is unrestricted in most fields of business activity. The Act on the Monitoring of Foreigners’ Corporate Acquisitions in Finland allows the Ministry of Trade and Industry to reject acquisitions by firms outside the OECD and EEA involving more than one third of voting rights of a major company. Participation of foreign companies in privatisation programmes is welcome except in enterprises operating in national security activities. Operational conditions: No performance requirements or commitments are imposed on FDI in Finland. There are some residence requirements. For example, at least one of the founders, one of the members of the board of directors, one of the members of the supervisory board and the managing director of a credit institution should have their permanent residence, or if the founder is a legal person, the registered office in the European Economic Area. Exemption from these requirements may, on the basis of prudential conditions, be granted the credit institution by the Financial Supervision Authority. Exchange controls: There are no restrictions on transfer of investment capital or profits abroad in freely convertible currencies. There is no limit on foreign dividend distribution. Incentives: Foreign affiliates are eligible for government incentives on an equal footing with Finnish companies. Indirect and direct subsidies are provided in the form of tax benefits, loans, guarantees cash grants, investment in equity, supply of expertise and employee training. The Ministry of Trade and Industry provides subsidies for investments in the form of regional investment aid, aid for small business and SMAs. The National Fund for Research and Development (SITRA) provides venture capital (both seed and growth funding), fund investment and the commercialisation of trading technology. Firms established in under-developed regions may receive subsidies for the transportation costs of goods. Source: The United States Commercial Service. Finland Country Commercial Guide FY 2002, Internet (http://www.usatrade.gov/Website/CCG.nsf/CCGurl/CCG-FINLAND2002-CH-7:-005D49DD). The Economist Intelligence Unit. Country Commerce Finland, November 2000, Internet (http://db.eiu.com/report_full.asp?valname=ITBFI5&title=Country+Commerce+Finland). Main legislations relating to FDI Copyright Act No. 404 of 8 July 1961; amended by Act No. 365 of 25 April 1997, Act No. 1654 of 1995, Act No. 250 of 1998.


Trademarks Act No. 7 of 10 January 1964; effective 1 June 1964; amended by Act of1996, Trademarks Act No. 56 of 2000. Patents Act No. 550 of 15 December 1967; Patents Decree No. 669 of 26 September 1980; Act No. 1695 of 1995; amended by Act of April 1997 (with decrees). Utility model Act No. 1696 of 1995. Invention Significant to Defence Act No. 1697 of 1995 Design Protection Act No. 221 of 12 March 1971; effective I April 1971. Design Protection Decree No. 252 of 2 April 1971; effective 1 April 1971. Privacy Protection and IT Security in Telecommunications Act No. 565 of 1999. Unfair Business Practices Act No. 1061 of 22 December 1978; effective 1 January 1979. Limitation of Competition Act No. 709 of 29 July 1988; effective 1 October 1988. Limitation of Competition Decree No. 710 of 29 July 1989; effective 1 October 1988. Act on Competition Restrictions, No. 480 of 1992 and subsequent amendments, effective October 1998. Taxation of Income from Economic Activity Act No. 360 of 24 June 1968 Company Act No. 734 of 29 September 1978, as amended. Act on Monitoring of Foreigners' Corporate Acquisitions in Finland No.1612 of 1992. Act on the State's Exercise of Its Partnership Authority, No. 740 of 1991. Decree no. 1612/92 of 1992 Abolishing Laws Restricting Foreign Ownership and Confirming the Liberal Treatment of Foreign Investments in Finland. Aid to Business Act No. 1,136 of 1993 and the related Decision of the Council of State on Aid to Business No. 1,689 of 1993 Land Use and Building Act No. 132 of 1999. 2. International framework a. Multilateral instruments Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property of 20 March 1883 as amended and revised. New York Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards of 10 June 1958. Convention on the Settlement of Investment Disputes between States and Nationals of Other States of 18 March 1965, signed on 14 July 1967, effective 8 February 1969. ILO Tripartite Declaration of Principles Concerning Multinational Enterprises and Social Policy, adopted


on 16 November 1977. The Set of Multilaterally Agreed Equitable Principles and Rules for the Control of Restrictive Business Practices, adopted on 5 December 1980 by the General Assembly of the United Nations (resolution 35/63). Convention Establishing the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency of 11 October 1985, signed on 13 May 1988, effective 28 December 1988. Agreement on Trade-Related Investment Measures, signed on 15 April 1994; in force on 1 January 1995. Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights, signed on 15 April 1994; in force on 1 January 1995. General Agreement on Trade in Services, signed on 15 April 1994; in force on 1 January 1995. Fourth Protocol to the General Agreement on Trade in Services of 15 February 1997. Fifth Protocol to the General Agreement on Trade in Services of 12 December 1997. b. Regional instruments Code of Liberalisation of Capital Movements, adopted by the Council of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development on 12 December 1961. The Code was amended on several occasions. Code of Liberalisation of Current Invisible Operations, adopted by the Council of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development on 12 December 1991. The Code has been amended on several occasions. Declaration on International Investment and Multilateral Enterprises, adopted by the Council of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development on 21 June 1976. The Declaration and the Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises attached to the Declaration were revised on several occasions (1979, 1984, 1991 and 2000). Treaty Establishing the European Community (Treaty of Rome), adopted on 25 March 1957 and in force on 1 January 1958. It was subsequently amended by the Single European Act (singed on 17 and 28 February 1986) and by the Treaty on European Union (Treaty of Maastricht) (signed on 7 February 1992). Agreement on the European Economic Area of 2 May 1992; entered into force on 1 January 1994. Energy Charter Treaty of 17 December 1994, effective 16 April 1998. c. Bilateral treaties

1. Bilateral investment treaty for the protection and promotion of investments with Albania 24 June 1997; Argentina 05 Nov 1993; Azerbaijan 26 Feb 2003; Belarus 28 Oct 1992; Bosnia and Herzegovina 01 Nov 2000; Brazil 28 March 1995; Bulgaria 16 Feb 1984; Bulgaria 03 Oct 1997; Chile 27 May 1993; China 04 Sept 1984; Costa Rica 28 Nov 2001; Croatia 01 June 1999; Cuba 17 Dec 2001; Czech Republic 06 Nov 1990; Dominican Republic 27 Nov 2001; Ecuador 18 April 2001; Egypt 05 May 1980; El Salvador 20 May 2002; Estonia 13 Feb 1992; Hungary 06 June 1988; India 07 Nov 2002; Indonesia 13 March 1996; Iran, Islamic Republic of 04 Nov 2002; Kazakhstan 29 Sept 1992; Korea, Republic of 21 Oct 1993; Kuwait 10 March 1996; Kyrgyzstan 03 April 2003; Latvia 05 March 1992; Lebanon 25 Aug 1997; Lithuania 12 June


1992; Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of 25 Jan 2001; Malaysia 15 April 1985; Mexico 22 Feb 1999; Moldova, Republic of 25 Aug 1995; Morocco 01 Oct 2001; Namibia 31 Oct 2002; Nicaragua17 Sept 2003; Oman 27 Sept 1997; Peru 02 May 1995; Philippines 25 March 1998; Poland 05 April 1990; Poland 25 Nov 1996; Qatar 12 Nov 2001; Romania 26 March 1992; Russian Federation08 Feb 1989; Slovakia 06 Nov 1990; Slovenia 01 June 1998; South Africa 14 Sept 1998; Sri Lanka27 April 1985; Tanzania, United Republic of 19 June 2001; Thailand 18 March 1994; Tunisia 04 Oct 2001; Turkey 13 May 1993; Ukraine 14 May 1992; United Arab Emirates 12 Oct 1996; Uruguay 21 March 2002; Uzbekistan 01 Oct 1992; Viet Nam 13 Sept 1993.

2. Bilateral treaties for the avoidance of double taxation with Argentina 13 Dec 1994; Australia 12

Sept 1984 and 05 Nov 1997; Austria 08 Oct 1963; Austria 21 Oct 1970 and 26 July 2000; Barbados 15 June 1989; Belgium 18 May 1976 and 13 March 1991; Brazil 16 Feb 1972; Brazil 02 April 1996; Bulgaria 25 April 1985; Canada 28 March 1959; Canada 28 May 1990; China 12 May 1986 and 11 Sept 1995; Czech Republic 31 Jan 1975 and 02 Dec 1994; Egypt 01 April 1965 and 6 July 1974; Estonia 23 March 1993; France 11 Sept 1970; France 25 Aug 1958; Germany 05 July 1979; Greece 21 Jan 1980; Greece 15 Nov 1995; Hungary 25 Oct 1978; India 10 June 1983 and 09 April 1997; Indonesia 15 Oct 1987; Ireland 21 April 1969; Ireland 27 March 1992; Israel 21 Jan 1965; Israel 08 Jan 1997; Italy 12 June 1981; Japan 29 Feb 1972 and 4 March 1991; Korea, Republic of 08 Feb 1979; Latvia 23 March 1993; Lithuania 30 April 1993; Luxembourg 01 March 1982 and 24 Jan 1990; Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of 25 Jan 2001; Malaysia 28 March 1984; Malta 24 March 1975 and 30 Oct 2000; Mexico 12 Feb 1997; Morocco 25 June 1973 and 01 Oct 2001; Netherlands 13 March 1970; 28 Dec 1995; and 29 March 1954; New Zealand 12 March 1982 and 5 Dec 1986; Pakistan 30 Dec 1994; Philippines 13 Oct 1978; Poland 26 Oct 1977 and 18 April 1994; Portugal 27 April 1970; Romania 18 Aug 1977; 27 Oct 1998; Russian Federation 06 Oct 1987; Russian Federation 04 May 1996 and 14 April 2000; Singapore 07 June 2002; 23 Oct 1981; Slovakia 31 Jan 1975 and15 Feb 1999; Slovenia 19 Sept 2003; South Africa 26 May 1995; Spain 15 Nov 1967;18 Aug 1970; 22 Feb 1973 and 27 April 1990; Sri-Lanka 18 May 1982; Switzerland 27 Dec 1956; Switzerland 16 Dec 1991; Switzerland 27 Dec 1956; Tanzania, United Republic of 12 May 1976; Thailand 25 April 1985; Turkey 09 May 1986; Ukraine 14 Oct 1994; United Arab Emirates 12 March 1996; United Kingdom 17 July 1969; 17 May 1973;16 Nov 1979; 1 Oct 1985; 26 Sept 1991; and 31 July 1996; United States 13 Nov 1989; 06 March 1970; 21 Sept 1989; 03 March 1952; and 21 Sept 1989; Uzbekistan 09 April 1998; Viet Nam 21 Nov 2001; Yugoslavia (former) 08 May 1986; Zambia 03 Nov 1978.

Nordic treaty for the avoidance of double taxation (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden,

Faroe Islands) 23 Sept 1996 and 6 Oct 1997.


D. Sources of information A. Official Bank of Finland, www.bof.fi Statistics Finland, www.stat.fi B. Secondary 1. Adams, Carol A., Pauline Weetman and Sidney J. Gray, “Reconciling national with international accounting standards: lessons from a study

of Finnish corporate reports” in Carol A. Adams and Clare B. Roberts (eds.), Financial Reporting by Multinationals, Elgar Reference Collection, Library of International Accounting, Vol. 5 (Cheltenham, U.K.: Elgar, distributed by Ashgate, Brookfield, Vt.m 1996), pp. 409-432.

2. Åkerblom, M., Internationalization of R&D in Finnish Multinational Firms (Helsinki: Statistics Finland, 1994). 3. Bellak, Christian, “Foreign direct investment of small and open economies: case of Austria and Finland”, CIBR Research Reports (Helsinki:

Helsinki School of Economics and Business Administration, Centre for International Business Research, 1994). 4. Bjorkman, Ingmar and Merja Lindqvist, “Foreign subsidiary control in Finnish firms – a comparison with Swedish practice”,

Liiketaloudellinen Aikakauskirja, 40(2), 1991, pp. 111-127. 5. Brown, Humes Christopher, “Investing in Finland: a chance to catch up”, Financial Times Survey:Finland, November 1994, 3 p. 6. Cardwell, W., M. Mäkelä and J. Jokinen and M. Kumpulainen, Attracting Foreign Investment into Early-stage Finnish Technology

Companies and Comparing High-tech Investing Environments in Israel and Finland (LTT Research Ltd. Publication Series B:154, Sitra 215, Sitra and LTT Research Ltd, 1999).

7. Ericsson, Johan and Manuchehr Irandoust, "On the Causality between Foreign Direct Investment and Output: A Comparative Study",

International Trade Journal, 15(1), Spring 2001, pp. 1-26. 8. Hjerppe, Riitta and Jorma Ahvenainen, “Foreign enterprises and nationalistic control: the case of Finland since the end of the nineteenth

century”, in Alice Teichova, Maurice Levy Leboyer and Helga Nussbaum (eds.), Multinational Enterprise in Historical Perspective (Cambridge, New York and Melbourne: Cambridge University Press; Paris: Editions de la Maison des Sciences de l’Homme, 1986), pp. 286-298.

9. Hölsä, T. “Internationalization of R&D organization in Fiinish multinational companies 1983-1993” (Helsinki: Helsinki School of

Economics and Business Administration, Department of Management graduate thesis, 1993). 10. International Labour Organization, “The Nordic countries and multinational enterprises – employment effects and foreign direct

investment”, Multinational Enterprises Programme Working Paper (Geneva: ILO, 1989). 11. Juha-Pekka, Kallunki, Jorma Larimo and Seppo Pynnonen, "Value creation in foreign direct investments", Management International

Review, 2001, 41 (4), p. 357-370. 12. Karpakka, Jari, “The internationalization of Finnish telecommunications: motivations, strategies and activities”, in Erik Bohlin and Ove

Grandstrand (eds.), The Race to European Eminence: Who are the Coming Tele-service Multinationals? (Amsterdam, London and New York: Elsevier Science, North-Holland, 1994), pp. 259-268.

13. Kinnunen, Helvi, “Finnish direct investment abroad and the international operations of Finnish manufacturng in the 1980s”, Bank of

Finland Bulletin, 65, 1991, pp. 3-7. 14. Kinnunen, Jura, Investment: The Finnish Economy, 3, ETLA (The Research Institute of the Finnish Economy, 1998), pp. 46-53. 15. Lovio, R., The Influence of Foreign Companies on the Birth and Development of the Finnish Electronics Industry, Discussion papers no.

393 (The Research Institute of the Finnish Economy, 1992). 16. Luostarinen, Reijo, International Operations of Foreign and Multinational Companies in Finland (Helsinki, FIBO 16, 1981), mimeo. 17. Luukkanen, H., Ulkomaiset teollisuusyritykset ja niiden tutkimustoiminta Suomessa 1984-1991 (Foreign-owned manufacturing firms and

their research activity in Finland in 1984-1991, in Finnish), Working Papers no. 9 (VTT Group for Technology Studies, 1994). 18. Mauwet-Hunt, Christiane, Practical Guide to Foreign Direct Investment in the European Union: Austria, Belgium, Britain, Denmark,

Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden (Genval: Euroconfidentiel S.A., 1997), 385 p.

19. OECD, OECD Reviews of Foreign Direct Investment: Finland (Paris: OECD, 1995). 20. Pajarinen, Mika and Pekka Ylä-Anttila, Ulkomaiset yritykset Suomessa – uhka vai uusi mahdollisuus? (Foreign-owned firms in Finaland-

threat or new possibility?), in Finnish with English summary (Etla B:142, Taloustieto Oy, 1998).


21. Pajarinen, Mika and Pekka Ylä-Anttila (eds.), Cross-Border R&D in a Small Country: The Case of Finland (Helsinki: Taloustieto Oy, 1999).

22. Pajarinen, Mika, P. Ruovinen and Pekka Ylä-Anttila, Small Country Strategies in Global Competition: Benchmarking the Finnish Case

(Etla B:144, Sitrra 203, Taloustieto Oy, 1998). 23. Piekkola, Hannu, “Foreign investment, international mergers and the 1993 capital income tax reform in Finland”, Finnish Economic Papers,

8(1), Spring 1995, pp. 25-39. 24. Price Waterhouse, Doing Business in Finland, 1989. 25. Räsänen, V., Internationalization of R&D in Finnish Multinational Companies 1993-1998, Working Papers 39/38 (VTT Group for

Technology Studies, Espoo, 1998). 26. Saralehto, Sampsa, " Internationalization of Finnish companies", Unitas, 61(4), 1989, pp. 103-107. 27. Vapaavuori, Ahti, Investment in Finland (Helsinki: KPMG Widenius, Sederholm & Someri, 1991). 28. Vesa, Rautio and Markku Tykkylainen, "Uneven development of economic interaction across the Finnish-Russian border", Post-Soviet

Geography and Economics, Jan/Feb 2001, 42 (1), p. 34. 29. WTO, Trade Policy Review: Finland (Geneva: WTO, 1992). 30. Yla Anttila, Pekka, “Beyond cluster studies – internationalization of business and national policies”, in Osmo Kuusi (ed.), Innovation

Systems and Competitiveness, Research Institute of the Finnish Economy (ETLA) Series B 125 Government Institute for Economic Research (VATT) Series A 22, (Helsinki: Taloustieto Oy, 1996), pp. 91-102.


Documents

WID Country Profile: FINLAND - UNCTADunctad.org/sections/dite_fdistat/docs/wid_cp_fi_en.pdf · 2012-02-14 · BoF survey covers a universe of about 100 consolidated TNCs in Finland