EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Universal Jeans Ltd. is a garment manufacturing company located in CEPZ. It’s an export-

oriented industry that exports its products at USA, Canada, EU, etc. It is a “C” category company

that is owned by Md. Nasir Uddin. It collects raw materials from Thai wan, Pakistan ,India ,

Japan , China , Bangladesh ,etc and Bangladesh. Quality is a dynamic state associated with

products, services, people, process and environment that meet and exceed customer expectations.

Quality management is not just a strategy. It must be a new style of working, even a new style of

thinking. Total quality is an approach of doing business that attempts to maximize the

competitiveness of an organization through the continual improvement of the quality of its

products, services, people, processes and environment. A practical practice of Total Quality

Management (TQM) is accepted by Universal Jeans Ltd in Bangladesh. It is a well established

Private Company and 100% owned by local investor. Universal Jeans Ltd. The company uses

some automated machines and equipment which provide it distinguishing advantages over the

competitors. As a result the company now able to export products to European countries, USA,

Japan etc. Here we also try to discuss about the Management Practice of Universal Jeans Ltd.

and Human Resource Management, Production performance, Marketing Management, Financial

Management of “Universal Jeans Ltd.”. This paper contains the findings of TQM which

practices in Universal Jeans Ltd. Universal Jeans Ltd significantly continues its journey by

practicing a continuous improvement process, this paper tries to describe the total scenario of

their management practices and process improvement

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PREFACE

Our academic study is limited in theories. But the proper educational perfectness depends on

practical knowledge, which is quite vital for all the students of B.B.A. The business of the world

is sure to be changing by character in this century. Today the world performs practical

knowledge to theoretical knowledge. In our Chittagong University all the Departments of B.B.A.

encourage the students to make Industrial Tour in order to make us closer to the business world

both theoretically & practically. Here I observed that theoretical study should be supported by

practical study. After the acquisition of both academic that is theoretical education as well as

practical education we must have to know the process of applying this knowledge in the complex

situation of practical life. The Industrial Tour is a so-called practical learning through program.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

All praises due to Almighty. All the progress, achievement and success throughout my life are

HIS blessings. With HIS infinite mercy and kindness I am here, where I am today.

This is absolutely truth that our Industrial Tour program cannot be happened really without the

helping and supervising the Department of Management Studies of Chittagong University.

First of all, I would like to thank my honorable teacher Dr. A.F.M Aowrangazab, Professor;

Department of Management studies, University of Chittagong for his excellence guidance,

cordial supervision and mental encouragement during the period of practical work and preparing

this assignment.

I am really grateful to Mr .Md. Mahbubul Alam Sr. Manager, (HR, and Admin. & Compliance),

Mr. A. K. M. Khairul Azim, Deputy Manager, (HR, and Admin. & Compliance), Universal

Jeans Ltd.

I am also grateful to all officials of Universal Jeans Ltd to co-operate during my study.

I am also thankful to my group members who assisted me to make my tour paper as a success.

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The main objective of this study is to fulfill the academic requirement as well as together

practical and theoretical knowledge about Universal Jeans Limited. This practical knowledge

will help me to face challenges in my future business career. In addition to the principle

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objective, the following are some of the common but significant objectives of this type of study:

The principal objective of the study is to get insight knowledge about the overall

aspect of an industry through visiting and collecting the first hand data.

To know about the company profile.

To develop a clear and comprehensive view of Human Resource Management

practices of Universal Jeans Limited.

To evaluate the overall HRM performance of Universal Jeans Limited.

To know about performance evaluation system of employees and labors.

To gather knowledge about Company quality policy.

To study the challenges of Universal Jeans Limited.

To acquire knowledge about organizational pattern.

To measure productivity of the company.

To have an idea about their production performance.

To evaluate the rule of Universal Garment production division.

SCOPE AND METHODOLOGY

This report is prepared as a requirement of 4th year B. B.A. program and is confined to only one

sample enterprise “Universal Jeans Limited”. Factories like, Universal Jeans Limited may not

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be representative of the Garment industry as a whole.

A lot of materials and information are required for the preparation of this Industrial Tour Report.

The methodology followed for the purpose of the study has been desk research as well as field

survey. I have collected Information from both primary and secondary sources with the help of a

questionnaire to prepare this report. The main sources of primary data are:

Desk to desk practical experience.

Personal interview of the General Manager, Production manager and HR manger of

Universal Jeans Limited.

Web site of the Organization.

Various documents such as organization organogram, workers guidelines, booklet, and

code of conduct guidelines are used in preparing this report.

In this report I have followed the guidelines provided by my honorable teacher.

LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

The study has been conducted subject to certain constraints:

We have been allowed only one day for the Industrial tour, which is not enough to study

the Industry in depth.

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For the Company strategy, the authority not providing confidential financial and

marketing data. In view of the business strategic division, the company has been found to

be hesitant in furnishing relevant data.

The rate of success of my study may be limited as I might have failed to collect proper

information due to lack of my experience.

Universal Limited not produces Annual Report.

Lack of adequate information due to not resourceful web materials.

I, therefore, hope that this report will be evaluated with an approach subject to the recognition of

the above-mentioned shortcomings.

INTRODUCTION

Garments sector is one of the important export sectors of our country. Today readymade garment

sector not only earn maximum foreign currency but also engage a lot of unemployed people in

this productive sector. For this industry, various banks and insurance businesses are now in better

position, transportation business now expanded in the country, shipping business is increasing

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inside and outside the country, cargo handling, clearing and forwarding business , buying house,

hotel tourist- all this sectors found possibility of their business by this readymade garments

exports. There are more than 18 lacks people engaged in this sector. So their purchasing powers

increases and a group of consumer also created by this sector. More than 8 lacks people are

engaged in different accessories industry to earn their money. As a result, our unemployment

reduces, besides this, our socio–economic position also developed. It is true that, for bright future

of Bangladesh the contribution of this sector cannot be neglected.

We selected Garment industry for our Industrial tour program by thinking its great importance.

We have visited a Garment manufacturing unit. So, the following Report is prepared on

“Universal Jeans Limited"

AN OVERVIEW OF UNIVERSAL JEANS LTD.

Universal Jeans Ltd. is a trusted name in world market. It has buyer’s confidence and excellent

reputation in home and abroad. It is a name of Quality Jeans and Casual Wears line in home and

abroad. Universal Jeans Limited started its commercial production from April 2008. Universal

Jeans limited is a subsidiary company of Pacific group which has started its operation since

1984. . So in this sector Pacific Group has huge knowledge and experiences and contributing the

country from the very beginning. Universal Jeans Limited located in Chittagong Export

Processing Zone (CEPZ) and it is the biggest Jeans Garment Manufacturer in Bangladesh. . It is

a 100% export oriented garments manufacturing industry. It is a “C” type export oriented

readymade garments industry. “C” type means that it is owned by a Bangladeshi citizen

according to BEPZA act/rules and regulations i.e. 100% local investment. Within a very short

time of span the company achieved some significance success. Pacific group has achieved GAP

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and BSCI certificates. Md. Nasir Uddin is the Managing Director of the Company. He is a well

experienced business personnel and industrialist. He has the vast marketing experience and for

exploring the export business. He had the opportunity to travel many countries and established a

good business relationship with the overseas buyers. Universal Jeans Limited has created their

position and image through excellent quality maintaining.

Concerning organizations of Universal Jeans Ltd.:

NZN Fashion Wears Ltd.

NZN Garments Ltd.

Diamond Fashion Wear (Pvt.) Ltd.

Jeans 2000.

Pacific Accessories

Pacific Jeans Ltd.

COMPANY PROFILE

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Factory Name Universal Jeans Ltd.

Type Private limited Company

Address Plot#9-11, sector #6\A, CEPZ,Chittagong-423, Bangladesh

Head Office Plot # 16-19, Sector-5Chittagong Export Processing Zone, Chittagong, Bangladesh

Floor area 3,67,500 sqft.

Nature of the company 100% export oriented.

Category of the Company C-Type (100% Bangladeshi investment)

Date of Commercial production

April,2008

Major Buyer's GAP,Lee,Wrangler, MASH , H & M, Charles

Vogele,etc.

Markets USA,Canada ,E.U,etc

Production Line Jeans and Causal Wears

Raw material source Thai wan ,Pakistan ,India , Japan , China , Bangladesh ,etc.

Tax exemption period 10 years (2008 to 2018).

Company’s initial capital BDT 130 corer

Company’s present capital BDT 150 corer

Daily production capacity 35000 units

Total production US $7.68 million

Bankers name HSBC, Agrani Bank , Bank Aisa.

VISION

Expansion of capacity of the company through ensuring the quality.

MISSION

To boost up our country’s export and to get and sustain the recognition of World class better

quality garment products producer.

GOALS

The goals of the Company are to strive hard labor and sincere efforts to provide quality and

value added products to their esteemed clients obeying the national and international code of

conduct and to create more competitive in the internal and external market.

OBJECTIVE

Operating facilities that are environment friendly and safe for employees and

communities as a whole.

Upholding the integrity of all individuals, working in the industry by providing all legal

facilities including occupational health care and work place safety.

Continuous improvement of efficiency by introducing latest technology and technical

experts.

Presenting the best value through effective cost management.

Research of market trend and ultimate consumer’s fashion demand.

Satisfy the buyers by providing quality service on mutual trust and respect.

Continuous product development according to the latest fashion trend and innovation.

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PRINCIPLES

All the employees, customers/consumers and suppliers are behaved with morality.

All types of corruption must be prevented when and where it is occurred.

To recognize the contribution of all workers and help others to contribute.

To ensure the equal facility for all workers and to avoid all types of partiality.

Always ensure the maximum utility of wealth and resources.

To ensure the health care of employees and provide the safe work environment.

STRATEGY

The company strategy is to sustain in the market and expand the company through quality

maintaining. The company is also trying to maintain quality line of the products during economic

rescission period. With the growing difficulties faced with the import of almost 100 % Garment

raw materials, Universal Jeans Ltd has installed the world most latest high –tech in production

process. The mother organization Pacific Group is a leading Jeans Garment producer firstly in

Bangladesh and then in Asia-pacific region. Through its operational process, the company is

restructuring its business in recent years and targeted 80% growth but the company is now facing

financial challenges due to global economic recession.

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THE WORKFORCE

Universal Jeans Ltd is a well example of work-force diversity in Bangladesh. The people who

are making it happen –the employees are dedicated and energetic and experienced in their work.

Both male and female workers are being well represented here. There are 3211 workers are

working in the company. Among them Skilledworkers-1000, semi-skilled-1500, unskilled

workers-500, supervisor-192, and quality control manager-262 are working in the company.

Even through in the administration level fresh graduates are employed as management trainee.

THE TECHNOLOGY

Universal Jeans Ltd is using the world best technology in their production process. By using

latest technology and producing quality product, the company creating a unique position in the

export market.

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Chairman

Managing Director

Deputy Manager

Accounts HRD Commercial

Chairman

Managing Director

General Manager

Merchandisingngng

Chairman

Managing Director

General Manager

Deputy General Manager

Accounts

Assist. General Manager

Cutting Maintenance Washing

Manager

HRD Accounts Production Store

Accounts Store Production

Assistant deputy manager

BASIC CORPORATE STRUCTUREBASIC CORPORATE STRUCTURE

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Senior Executive

Junior Executive

Staff

Workers

PRODUCTION DEPARTMENTPRODUCTION DEPARTMENT

PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT

Universal Jeans Ltd. has a separate production department, which is the vital for that

organization .Universal Jeans Ltd. has goodwill and a unique position in the international market

for quality Jeans Garments. For that reason the company enjoying great advantage for

merchandising.

The production department is responsible for:

Maintaining liaison with the marketing and sales department and to accept the order for

specific floor according to the capacity.

Managing the machine lay out plan of the production floor.

Study the order/products carefully before start the production.

Arrangement of required raw materials, machine and manpower.

Arrangement of production according to the delivery schedule.

Take care of the products quality.

Facing buyer’s inspection.

Preparation of the production planning in advance and coordinate with the marketing

team to avoid any late delivery, over/less booking

Taking care of the safety issues like Products Safety, Workers Safety, and Safety of the

Industry.

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The production department has capacity to produce 35,000 units per day. The production system

of Universal Jeans Ltd. is continuous

PRODUCTION FLOWCHART OF THE COMPANY

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REQIREMENTS

MARKETING & SALESOrder AcceptSampling, patternDesigning, Marking,Grading,CostingQuotationOrder Confirmation

Booking for fabrics and accessories

PURCHASEFabricsChemicalAccessoriesStones

STORINGInspectionMaterial Receive &Issue

Buyers’ confirmation and receive sight L/C or BB L/C

PRODUCTIONCutting the FabricsSewingWashingInspection

SATISFACTION

DELIVERYAfter finishing all formalities ensure the buyers by fax or email. Ready for exporting the garments

FINISHING

Production Labeling according to customers order.

Checking & Packing.STORING IN FINISHED

GOODS GODOWN

BUYER’S CONTRACT

Universal Jeans Ltd. has a goodwill and unique position in the international garments market for

quality Jeans. For that reason the company enjoying grate advantage for merchandising.

Universal Jeans Limited has no specific rules and regulations to contract with the buyers.

Buyers are classified into two types:

1. Fixed Buyers (Registered)

2. New Buyers

New buyers are communicated through the following channels of communication:

International seminar attending by Directors

Referrals by the existing buyers

Participation in International Trade Fair

COMMUNICATING PROCESS

New buyers are sometimes influenced by the fixed buyers and are not well known about the

company. So Universal Jeans Limited invites the group of delegated referred the specific buyers

to visit the company, then after visiting if the delegates are satisfied with the process and product

of the company .They finalize the order of a lump sum amount for testing the ability of the

company to fulfill the target .After trail order the buyer order the bulk amount .Fixed buyers

already well known about the company, company product quality of product. Universal Jeans

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Limited regularly participates in International Trade Fair. Participation in international Trade

Fair is good source of promotion the product. Moreover Universal Jeans Limited has its own

display house. Universal Jeans Limited sometimes send delegate foreign to bring orders. Buyer

House is also using as a communicating process for the new buyers.

Registered Buyers of the Universal Jeans Limited

Gap

Lee

Wrangler

MASH

H & M

Charles Vogele

V.F.Asia

Henri and Laurence

Miles

Tesco

RAW MATERIALS

Raw materials which are used for production purposes are as follows:

70% Fabric,

Jipper (Long Jipper, Short Jipper),

Thread,

Label (Main Label, Size Label, Item Label),

Lining Paper

Dice

Buttons,

Tabs,

Tags,

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Polybags,

Cartoons,

Chemicals,etc.

The raw materials are imported from the following countries

Most of the cases raw materials are imported from India. The other countries are-

Indonesia,

Hong Kong,

Taiwan,

China,

Dubai,

Pakistan,

Mexico,

Japan,

South Korea.

RESEARCHES AND DEVELOPMENT

The company has a separate R&D department for continuous development. This department

emphasis on the development of new products and new methods. There are four personnel

employed in this department. Experience leads them to invent the new products and new method

of production. R&D department always engage in the development of new model/version

regularly with customer driven initiative. Company also conducts research work for new product

development. Company has already achieved some international certificate for its product

quality. CAN, Best Research & Development Achievement is their major achievements that are

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internationally recognized. But company observed that the cost of conducting research and

development activity in Bangladesh is very costly. Though R&D department consume a huge

portion of money, it can innovate a new techniques that can increase the efficiency of the

workers and the company also can operate much more effective way.

QUALITY MAINTAINING PROCEDURE

To maintain the quality of the products the company follows the following

measures:

Quality Control Procedure (Internal and buyer consent)

100 % audit. Third party audits from buyer side.

Raw material inspection

Dangerous article protection (Steel fragmented, Niddle parts,

safety measures)

Accepted quality Level (AQL) –Quality assurance 2.5

TQM is followed for maintaining product quality.

Quality fabrics, accessories and chemical used.

Sewing quality is maintained through skilled worker.

Best quality thread is using in sewing

Washing the Garments in the Italian imported washing plant

PROCEDUERE FOR MAINTAINING INVENTORY

For raw materials Software system (tally)

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Work-in-progress Manual reporting

NUMBER OF MACHINES

NAME OF THE MACHINE NUMBER

Sewing Machine 3187

Finishing Machine 169

Cutting Machine 120

Washing Machine 342

Other 49

MACHINERIES

The machines which are used in production of Universal Jeans Ltd-

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Single needle plain machine.

Two needle plain machine.

Over lock machine.

Interlock machine,

Bar tack machine.

Bolton hole.

Vale crow

PRODUCTION SYSTEM

Total production system of the company is basically divided into two parts,

which are as follows:

1. Production by CAD:

Since this company is mostly based on manufacturing of garments wear so the cutting and

designing of cloth is most important task. As a consequence Computer Aided Design (CAD) is

largely used for producing the products. And the other hand to cut the cloth on the basis of size

of the shirt, pant, trouser, etc made by the CAD. It reduces the wastages and creates an effective

cutting on the cloth. In this way, the shirt, pant, coat, trouser and other dress have been producing

by the computer equipment. Design has been monitoring by the computer monitor and this

output as a design on GGT printing machine. That designs have to place on the cloth correctly

and cutting for final production by the workers.

3. Production by CAM:

Similar as CAD, Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) is largely used for manufacturing

concern. The CAM is technique applied by the modern sophisticated equipment of

UNIVERSAL JEANS Ltd. Some sort of product would not make possible totally by the hand of

human being which is easily operated on the computer aided machine. In order to produce high

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quality product to set up CAM system which mark on their quality of product as a level of brand.

In this way, the company to proper used on CAM is effective performance for production and

marked by the computer level seal to their product remain.

Production Capacity UNIVERSAL JEANS (Items per Day)

Total Capacity: 35000 units

PRODUCTION PROCESS

There are nine divisions in the production process. Each and every product has to pass different

steps from store division to delivery division. The following divisions are included in production

division-

Store /Warehouse division,

Cutting division,

Sewing division ,

Leger division,

Wet & Dry division

Trimming & Brushing division

Washing division,

Post wash quality division,

Counting and delivery division

STORE / WAREHOUSE DIVISION

Store or warehouse division collects raw materials from different countries as per buyer

requirement and choice. Production process starts from Merchandizing department through order

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procuring from buyers. Merchandizing department send different product sample to the buyer. If

they choice or approval any sample or design, then give order for particular amount. Sometimes,

buyers give the design of the product and mention the country from where the company has to

collect the raw materials. Then the company goes to Free and Bond Process (F&B).

CUTTING DIVISION

The company uses “Computer Aided Design (CAD)” for assorting and designing the products.

This division works as per cutting order, ratio, size (L-size, M-size, N-size, and Excel-size) and

design. :

Three parts in cutting option:-

Layer,

Marking Paper,

Cutting

SEWING DIVISION

In sewing division, the company also uses 15 types’ machines. For extra ordinary design, the

company has “Automated section” which works automatically as per computer program.

This department is sub-divided into-

VI-section,

ME-section,

MAC -section

LEGER DIVISIONPage 24 of 89

Leger division is used for cutting process and special design. Leger section works and design as per

Computer Aided Design (CAD)

WET AND DRY DIVISION

Separate machines are used for wet process and dry process. There are 14 sub-departments for

designing different symbol, dragons which must be completed in the wet and dry process. After

completing wet and dry process, the products are sent to the Trimming and Brushing section.

WASHING DIVISION

The company uses “Italian stone” for washing purpose. There are different machines for

different washing process. The materials that are used in washing operation-

Over dye,

Sand blasting

Chemical blasting

Heavy destroy

Easy care finish; etc.

POST WASH QUALITY DIVISION

This division works as like Inspection division for inspecting post wash quality of the products.

PRODUCTION CAPACITY

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The company uses Standard Minute Value (SMV), General Sewing Data (GSD), and Industrial

Engineering Data (IED) for measuring production capacity of different divisions.

QUALITY CONTROL

Universal Jeans have quality control department. They always try to maintain a standard quality

of a product according to the buyer standard. Universal Jeans have research and development

department for improving quality. They have not yet ISO certificate but it is on the way process.

Customer expectation is the basis of quality measurement; Universal Jeans have section for

quality control. They have an in quality control team and they always try to maintain the quality.

Universal Jeans have both preventive and repair maintenance policy for machine equipment

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HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENTHUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT OF

UNIVERSAL JEANS LTD.

Human resource management is responsible for how people are treated in organizations. It is

responsible for bringing people into the organization, helping them perform their work,

compensating them for their labors, and solving problems that arise. Management of human

resources is that function of all enterprises which provides for effective utilization of people to

achieve both the objectives of the enterprise and the satisfaction and development of the

employees. Human resource management differs from traditional personal management.

Opening of Human Resource department signifies growing awareness of the importance of

human factor in organizational performance. In this section we would like show the human

resource management of Universal Jeans Ltd. Since above 7000 workers are working in the

company, so it is very important to manage them.

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FUNCTION OF HR DEPARTMENT

Functions of HR department are given below:

Maintain Liaison with the Administrative Manager.

Grievances handling of the workers.

Undertaking training programs for skill development.

Counseling the rights and responsibilities among the workers.

Maintain office security.

Wage &salary administration for workers & staff.

Maintain personal files &records of workers & staff.

To arrange promotion for workers & staff.

Conducting motivational programs.

Taking care of in-house cleanliness, health and safety.

Ethical issues and codes of conduct etc

Human resources planning, recruitment & selection.

Training & communication.

Ensure health & safety environment in office &factory.

Dealing with company related matters.

To ensure transportation facilities for workers & staff.

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HRM STRUCTURE

“Our people are our most important asset. Safe work place gives much confidence to the workers. Human rights, occupational health and safety are our main principle.”

- Chairman.

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HRHR

General ManagerGeneral Manager

Deputy ManagerDeputy Manager

Manager (HR & Admin)

Manager (HR & Admin)

A.M. (H)A.M. (H)

ComplianceCompliance M.O.M.O. Security

Security

G. admin

G. admin

A.M. (Com)A.M.

(Com)

Sr.Exe.Sr.Exe.

Exe.Exe.

Jr.Exe.Jr.Exe.

AssistantAssistant Assistant

Assistant

Jr.Exe. Jr.Exe.

Exe.

Exe.

Sr.Exe. Sr.Exe.

S. Nurse

S. Nurse

Security Off.

Security Off.

J.Off. J.Off.

THE MAIN AREAS OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

The main task of HRD is a good human resource planning. And another important task if

selecting the right employee. . HR planning, in turn, involves job analysis and forecasting the

demand and supply of labor. Basically the personnel manager is responsible for human resources

planning, but before taking any decision he consults with line managers. Manpower planning is

the process by which an organization can engage the right number of people for the right job at

the right time.

Now we will see the different important segments of HR functions relating to this type of

production oriented industry. This department is so important because, it’s a labor intensive

industry i.e. thousands of workers is working here. There is an organized manpower policy in

this type of production- oriented company. Company’s policy regarding manpower planning,

recruitment and selection, salary and wages administration, benefits and services, training and

development, performance appraisal, motivation, promotion/demotion, employee morale, etc. are

discussed in the following segments of the paper.

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HP/CleanerHP/Cleaner

WORKERWORKER

HUMAN RESOURCE PLANNING

Human resource planning is the process by which an organization ensures that it has the right

number and kinds of people, at the right place, at the right time, capable of effectively and

efficiently completing those tasks that will help the organization achieve its overall objectives.

The HR manager is responsible for manpower planning, but before taking any decision he

consults with line managers. Attempts must be made to match supplies and demands, making

them compatible with the achievement of the organization’s future needs.

Universal Jeans Ltd emphasize on manpower planning for the following reasons-

Understaffing loses the business economies of scale and specialization, orders,

customers and profits.

Overstaffing is wasteful and expensive, if sustained, and it is costly to eliminate

because of modern legislation in respect of redundancy payments, consultation,

minimum periods of notice, etc. Very importantly, overstaffing reduces the

competitive efficiency of the business.

In UNIVERSAL JEANS Ltd there are huge numbers of human resources in various departments.

Numbers of human resources in various departments

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TYPE IN PERCENTAGE

Skilled 55%

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Unskilled 45%

Permanent 90%

Casual 10%

HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PROCESS

The sequence of the activities performed by UNIVERSAL JEANS Limited to ensure quality

people on the right job is given below:

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Human Resource PlanningHuman Resource Planning

RecruitmentRecruitment

SelectionSelection

OrientationOrientation

TrainingTraining

PerformancePerformance

Compensation &Benefits

Compensation &Benefits

Career DevelopmentCareer Development

JOB ANALYSIS AND JOB DESIGN

Job analysis is the method used to determine what types of manpower are needed to perform the

jobs of the organization. Job analysis is one of the most important task that performed by the HR

staff. Through job analysis the vacant position is find out and the job description and job

specification is prepared. Job description is the duties or responsibilities that an employee need

to perform at the time of doing job. Job specification is the quality and knowledge that an

employee needs to fill the vacant position. Universal Jeans Ltd is very much conscious about

preparing these and trying to select the best employees who have the required quality.

The supervisor or HR specialist normally collects one of the following types of information:

First he or she collects information about the job actual work activities such as

marketing, sewing, production. This list also include how, why and when the worker

performance each activity.

Collects the information about educational background and qualification.

Experience must be needed for top level management.

Variety refers to the use of different skills and talents to complete an array of work tasks

and activities.

HR specialist collects information related to operation and responsibilities for specific job. This

is the primary and pre-condition before recruiting and selecting a person. UNIVERSAL JEANS

LTD follows job analysis before employee recruitment.

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JOB DESCRIPTION

Job description is an organized and factual statement of the duties and responsibilities for a

particular job. Universal Jeans Ltd follows job analysis, job specification and job description for

every job.

JOB SPECIFICATION

It is a statement of minimum acceptance of human qualities necessary to perform a job properly.

The company selects employees according to job specification

PROCEDURE OF EMPLOYMENT

In the procurement procedure, Universal Jeans Ltd follows the following process:

All workers are procured according to the labor law.

There is no discrimination among employees in behavior on the basis of religion,

gender, rite, ritual etc.

The recruiting committee recruits workers.

Newspaper, poster or any other media are used for recruiting process.

A passport size photographs with C.V and other necessary documents must be

submitted by the applicant.

The age of the workers must not be less than 18 years.

Before appointment everyone need to submit the birth certificate.

Workers need to submit the medical certificate, certificate of age from union council

chairman or commissioner certificate before the final appointment.

Anyone cannot be forced to work. Any kind of deed or liability bound worker will not

get appointment here.

Appointed all workers will be provided the appointment letter.

If any worker is not terminated within the first six month of his/her appointment then

The worker will be treated as the permanent worker automatically.

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EMPLOYEE RECRUITMENT & SELECTION PROCESS In most of the organizations, the human resources are properly viewed as their most important

assets. For employee recruitment and selections, the company consider following factors to

formulate principle:

Needs of employee for present and future.

Opportunities of collection and selection.

Economic conditions.

Goals.

Organizational style.

Nature of the tasks.

Departmental manager who decides that he needs to add to his staff or to replace someone who is

leaving the organization customarily initiates the process of searching for a new employee.

Commonly he makes a written request to the personnel department stating that he wishes to hire

someone to fill a specific vacancy. The position to be filled is defined in terms of its job

description and of its job specification (human qualifications). The hiring activity should be

integrated with the human resources plans of the company.

Now we will see the recruitment and selection process of the company. Recruitment and

selection for employee and worker is different. Here I will explain it separately. Today’s

organizations are trying to treat human resource as capital for them. Because its success and

failure in most of the cases depends on the performance of the people working in it. So recruiting

and selecting the right personnel is very important task for the HR department.

Our visiting industry Universal Jeans Ltd is practicing separate procedure for recruiting and

selecting employee and worker. This procedure is explained below:

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THE PERSONNEL RECRUITMENT PROCESS

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Internal Method

Human Resource PlanningHuman Resource Planning

Alternatives to RecruitmentAlternatives to Recruitment

Personnel RecruitmentPersonnel Recruitment

Internal sources External sources

External Method

RecruitedIndividual

RECRUITMENT AND SELECTION OF EMPLOYEE

RECRUITMENT

In case of recruiting employee the company uses both internal and external sources including

employee referrals. When any departmental manager thinks that he needs staff to fill any vacant

position or replace any employee, he sends a written request to the personnel department. Then

the personnel department searches their internal sources to fill the position. If it is required to use

external source it gives advertisement in different media. Appropriate media selection is very

crucial as it relates to some factors like budget, nature of position etc. Most of the cases

company uses the following media.

News paper

Internet

Employee referrals

Private employment agencies

School placement

Others

The company also collects the applications from applicants by post or courier service and

others.

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Gate entry (Eye view selection)

Gate entry (Eye view selection)

Token collection Token collection

Primary assessment Primary assessment

Doctor age verification

Doctor age verification

Technical test

Technical test

Final board interview Final board interview

Joining proper distribution

Joining proper distribution

Orientation

Orientation

Placement

Placement

Fig: Workers Recruitment Process

SELECTION

After recruitment, the company maintains selection procedure. Universal Jeans Ltd makes a short

list of applicants from among all before selection test. This type of short list is prepared on the

basis of qualification and experience. Normally the company follows the following test for

selection of employee.

Written (subjective type) test (industrial law & other related issues)

Written (MCQ type) test,

Oral test

Medical test

After making short list, a written (subjective type & MCQ type) test is taken from the selected

candidates then another short list is prepared for final oral test. Final selection is done from the

oral test. The whole selection process can be shown in the following simple diagram.

For senior manager: The post is filled up through promotion and hiring from other

manufacturing concerns.

For Junior Manager/Brand Manager: As this is an entry-level/mid level position in

management, Human resource department undertakes a series organization tests. All the

candidates are required to sit for written test. Written test, interview, physical test, group

performance test, physical examination is also undertaken. Then the potential candidates are

human resource Manager.

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Advertisement Short List

Written Test

Oral Test

Appointment

For staff: Departmental manger gives instruction to HRM to attract fight people.

WAGES AND SALARY ADMINISTRATION

Salary is the reward that paid by the employer to the employee for performing his assign duty.

Universal Jeans Ltd has a salary structure and they follow this structure at the time of paying

salary. According to this structure the salary varies employee to employee. The variation in

salary occurs due to some factor. Personnel department has its own policy for salary and wage

administration. There are some bases for setting pay. Universal Jeans Ltd considers the

followings as basis for salary and wage administration.

There are some bases for setting pay. These are as follows:

Seniority

Experience

Performance

Position

Academic qualification

Others

Average Pay Scale per Month for employee’s US$50.00.The minimum wages for worker is BDT

2100.00. Other than the basic salary the company pays some extra allowances to the employees

such as

Medical allowances

House rent

Provident fund 8.33%

UNIVERSAL JEANS provide two Eid bonuses to employees and workers

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TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT PROCESS

With the advancement of technology, wide use of computerization and related sophistication has

increased the need for training in universal Jeans Ltd. The company has a separate training

department in which a continuing training system is maintained. Employees are also sending to

train up in foreign country.

Universal Jeans Ltd. arranges training program for achieving the following purpose :

Increase performance

Making employee valuable

Motivation

Changing behavior

Improve skills

Increase production

Reduce wages

Development of human relation

Reduce supervision

Increase self-confidence

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TYPES OF TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM

ON THE JOB TRAINING

On the job training is a training that shows the employee how to perform the job and allows him

or her to do it under the trainer’s supervision. On the job training is normally given by a senior

employee or a manager like senior merchandiser or a manager. The employee is shown how to

perform the job and allowed to do it under the trainer’s supervision.

APPRENTICESHIP TRAINING

Apprenticeship training provides beginning worker with comprehensive training in the practical

and theoretical expect of work required in a highly skilled occupation. Apprenticeship program

combined of the job and classroom training to prepare worker for more than eight hundred

occupation such as computer operator, sewing technician. Universal Jeans Limited provides

training program at every “Saturday and Thursday” to the all lower level employees.

For workers:

On the job training

Apprenticeship training

Workshop basis training

For technical staff:

In plant

On the job training

For officials:

Seminar

Work shop.

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OFF THE JOB TRAINING

High officials are given off the job training. Accounting to this method includes lecture,

Workshop, Seminar, video Conferencing and other theoretical method which are helpful for

policy and strategy making set up objectives and goals.

QUALITY PEOPLE

Retaining the quality people in an organization is an important task for HRD. Every organization

wants to retain quality, experienced and efficient manpower to its organization. For retaining

quality people Universal Jeans Ltd. follows several procedure, those are as bellows|

Motivation

Promotion

Provide extra facility

Training

Performance evaluation.

MOTIVATION

Motivation indicates the motive that activates the organization. Motivation can be defined as the

process that account for an individual’s intensity, direction, and persistence of effort toward

attaining a goal. The three key elements in this definition are important.

In motivating the employees the HR department of UNIVERSAL JEANS Ltd. has introduced

financial incentives, increment, profit sharing, job security. Universal JEANS LTD follows the

two-factor theory of motivation.

Intrinsic factors or Motivational factor which is related to job satisfaction such as recognition,

growth, advancement, work itself and achievement etc.

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Extrinsic factors are associated with dissatisfaction such as company policy, administration,

supervisions and salaries. If extrinsic or hygiene factors are available than employees will not be

dissatisfied, it does not mean that employees are satisfied. Because, these are very common

factors and exist in every organization.

UNIVERSAL JEANS Ltd motivates their employees through some facilities. These are:

Handsome basic pay

Increment in basic pay

Job security

Job status

Good behavior

PROMOTION/DEMOTION

The most important policy question in promotion is the relative significance of seniority and

competence. In recent times potentiality and competency are considered as most important basis

for promotion. Though there is an increasing pressure and tendency, to give more weight to

seniority in making promotions, because of the great importance that worker attach to length of

service. Like public concerns, they do not have any system of demotion. HRM urged that the

incompetent employee has to be trained.

The basis of promotion system in Universal Jeans Limited:-

o Seniority

o Experience

o Performance

o Academic qualifications

o Skills

o Political pressure

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They do not have system of demotion. HRM urged that the incompetent employee has to be

trained.

TRANSFER

Transfer is defined as the act of shifting an employee one place to another without changing the

rank or status .To strengthen other weaker department of company Universal Jeans Ltd. usually

follows transfer policy.

TRAINING DIVISION

Universal Jeans Ltd. has the company compliance department for production related employees

and employers. They arrange an orientation program for the workers and give training about

First Aid Medicare, PPE, Fire Fighting, Chemical use and so on. There is a separate department

named Industrial Engineering Department for training. During the year in a specific time from

this department the training workshop schedule is announced and the training is given.

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION

Performance evaluation is the process of deciding how an employee does his jobs. It is a process

for evaluating the past performance of an employee by his supervising officer who is conversant

with the employees’ job performance. There are two types of performance appraisals.

There are two types of performance appraisals.

1. Traditional performance appraisal

2. Result oriented performance appraisal

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Universal Jeans Ltd. evaluate performance of employees by the following process

Immediate superior

Peers

Self-evaluation

Immediate subordinates

In Universal Jeans Ltd. result oriented performance appraisal is followed. There is a

continuous evaluation system for performance appraisal. The company has professional

appraisers to evaluate the performance. For evaluating performance, this company uses an

appraisal form to be filled by nominee’s associates and superior.

BENEFITS

Financial Benefits: Financial benefits are as follows:

o Salary

o Two Bonuses (half yearly or festival)

o Allowances

o Attendance bonus

o Performance bonus(80% up)

o Payment for gained leave

o 10% regular increment & 15% for best performance

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o One day salary for one day work

Non-financial Benefits: Non-financial benefits are as follows:

o Communications/transport

o Free medical services

o Entertainment

o Child care facility

o Group insurance

o Entertainment

JOB ROTATION

Universal Jeans Ltd. follows job rotation strongly when employees feel fatigue and monotony

because of continuation of job. It indicates change the job for sometimes in order to minimize

fatigue and monotony of particular employees

ABSENTEEISM

Absenteeism means not attending in the work place due to some personal or physical sickness.

Universal Jeans Ltd measures the absenteeism rate daily. And talking with the concern people

we come to that the reason of absenteeism is Sickness, Family Problem. And the rate of

absenteeism in Universal Jeans Ltd is 5%.

DISCIPLINARY ACTION

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Mostly non co-operation results in indiscipline. Various factors like social, economic and

cultural also play a significant role in causing indiscipline. In Universal Jeans Ltd. the

employees, who are not accepting the responsibility of self-discipline, concern authority takes

some disciplinary actions.

The disciplinary actions taken by department are given below:

ORAL WARNING

The mildest form of discipline is oral warning. Supervisor or upper level employee clearly

inform employee of the rule that has been violated and the problem that this infraction has

caused. They allow the employee to respond and correct his\her behavior.

SUSPENSION

Manager of Universal Jeans Ltd. also punishes employees who break the rule by giving suspension order as a disciplinary action. . This may be a short layoff, without pay.

Show Case is another disciplinary action taken by the company

LABOR TURNOVER

Labor turnover refers to the movement into an out of an organization during a definite period. There are various effects of labor turnover. These are:

Deceases of team spirit.

Increasing the training cost

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Increasing the administrating expenses.

Difficulty of optimum use of machinery.

UNIVERSAL JEANS also faces problem in case of labor turnover. But there is only 5%

labor turnover in previous years due to the employee’s personal interest. To reduce the

employee turnover the company gives the promotion and increases the salary.

INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIP

In UNIVERSAL JEANS there is a good management-worker relationship. The company

always tries to maintain good interpersonal relationship of employees. It improves employee

morality and organization’s citizenship. The company improves their interpersonal

relationship through attending party, meeting, counseling, annual picnic and official festival.

PARTICIPATIVE DECISION-MAKING

Participative decision-making is one of the core concepts of industrial democracy. Industrial

democracy is the modern global world phenomenon. UNIVERSAL JEANS takes

participative decision making, but do not encourage CBA. Their workers are well satisfied

and do not want CBA. Although they do not encourage CBA but take participative decision.

INDUSTRIAL DISPUTES

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There are various forms of industrial disputes like:

Strike

Sit-down

Lock-out

Go slow, etc.

In UNIVERSAL JEANS, there is no industrial disputes and conflicting situation.

EMPLOYEE MORALE

The company emphasis on group moral rather than personal. It has no particular system in

measuring the morale of employee. Being an employee of this concern the entire employee

possesses good social status and therefore, they have high morale. The organization has good

reputation in practicing ethical business. To ensure the ethical behavior of the employees it

follows basic policies.

Not to do any unethical business.

Avoiding market and price manipulation practices.

Giving tax (Customs, Income, duty, others).

Not to offer and receive bribe for doing any thing.

Social welfare involvement

INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS

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Industrial relation occurs within dynamic conflict situation which is permanent and

unalterable so long as the structure of society of the social remains unaltered. UNIVERSAL

JEANS LTD .follows the industrial relation ordinance of 1969 properly. The existence

relationship between labor and management is good. The management tries to develop the

relation with the labors. There are no trade union activities in the organization. The worker

welfare committee discussed with BGMEA to solve the any problem.

The company also emphasizes on the following factors to develop industrial relation

Payment the proper wages within due time.

Ensure better working condition.

Arrangement training facilities.

Ensuring participatory management

CODE OF CONDUCT OF UNIVERSAL JEANS LTD

PROCEDURE FOR LEAVE APPLICATION

All workers must apply for leave in a particular application form.

There should be the recommendation of the branch supervisor.

In case of leave, all necessary documents need to attach with the

application form.

Before leaving the work place, all necessary work need to be

completed. After the approval of leave, one can enjoy the leave.

The procedures may be flexible on the situation basis, but after

enjoying the leave all necessary formalities need to be completed

within the next three days.

Leave is not a right, but it is facility provided by the company and

the decision of the authority will be final for leave approval.

If anyone enjoys extra leave in addition to the approval leave and if

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he/she fails to prove the causes of absent, then the additional

absenteeism will be treated as misconduct and the person may be

punishable.

If Friday or any other government holidays are same days with

approved leave then these leave also treated as leave and it will be

subtract from the total leave approved.

Authority holds the right to declare the holiday in any day instead

of the weekly holiday.

Sick leave must be approved by the recommendation of the

registered doctor.

To get annual/earned leave any worker needs to serve minimum

one year in this factory, and one can enjoy these earned leave in

next year during his /her service.

If any woman worker serves in this factory regularly for six month,

then she can enjoy the maternity leave. But she cannot enjoy this

leave if her two or more child alive. Woman worker must submit the

report of pregnancy. The necessity of the leave with details report

by doctor must be submitted.

For getting leave, one needs to apply in a particular form, and the

recommendations of the head of the department need to convey to

the HR Department.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR NEWLY APPOINTED WORKER

After getting the appointment letter or joining in the work one will

report to the assistant manager of the human resource department.

Departmental head then will take the necessary steps for orientation.

The officer of the human resource department will give the answer

and suggestion about the allowance, overtime, food arrangement,

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transportation facilities, reporting and leave time, responsibilities and

the protective measure.

Smoking is prohibited in the factory. One cannot smoke even in the

bathroom or toilet.

The illegal use or steal the company’s goods outside is punishable act.

Workers need to help the security guard of the factory in the gate for

charge and ask for.

One needs to know about the protective measure and the use of the

machineries or tools from the controller officer.

If any inconvenience or complain is not solved by the controller officer,

then its need to inform the human resource department.

If you have any complain or suggestion, you can get the attention of

the authority through submitting it in the written form in the Universal

Jeans Ltd Complain box.

WORKERS PROTECTED RIGHTS

According to BEPZA authority instructions, protects the following

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workers rights-

Minimum Salary/Wage: Monthly total minimum wages is the sum of 50

Dollars. In total wages, 60% percent is the basic salary and remaining

40% is treated as other allowances.

Any worker cannot be forced to work more than 8 hours per day with

overtime and not more than 60 hours weekly.

No workers are prohibited to do overtime. Overtime must be voluntary.

Without the permission of the BEPZA authority, women workers cannot be employed for

work after 8 pm. For overtime work, it must be paid at double the standard wage.

The rate overtime that is additional work determines the amount of the allowance of

overtime.

The calculation of overtime:

Basic salary/wages ¸ 208 ´ 2 ´ Basic overtime hours

= Overtime received 208

= Aggregate monthly basic working hour

(26 working day * daily limit time of 8 hours work)

To prevent any misbehave with workers.

To report workers attendance on work accurately.

According to the rule, the salary/allowance is to be given.

The employment of child worker must be prohibited.

According to the rules, the break for mills and rest is given.

If any worker works during the festival leave then a compensatory

leave or salary must be given.

The termination of worker is followed by rules of standard procedure.

EMPLOYEE SAFETY AND HEALTH

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Universal Jeans Limited has written health safety and guideline book and a factory safety

committee provides personal protective equipment free of change and mandates its use and all

applicable local environmental safety and health regulations. This factory also provides health

safety Booklet, leaflet, and poster about workers service rule and code of conduct to the

employees.

Hundreds of workers wear colorful masks can be seen feverishly operating the sewing machines,

sorting, cutting fabric, sewing on various parts of the garment. The masks are to protect the

workers against cloth dust and supervisors strictly enforce this practice. Health and safety of the

workers are a major priority, the floors are clean and airy with proper emergency exits, fire

extinguishers and warnings about wearing safety gear such as gum boots in the washing unit and

metal gloves for the cutters. Individual identity card is provided to the each employee for

identification.

Every employee shall be treated with respect and dignity. No employee shall be subject to any

physical, sexual, psychological or verbal harassment or abuse. Written disciplinary procedures

are applied fairly among all workers of Universal Jeans Ltd.

IMPORTANT INSTRUCTIONS FOR WORK SAFETY

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Machineries need to check up before starting of work.

To check up the Electric switch or cable.

To observe the surrounding of oneself.

Eyelash needs to keep clean.

To ensure the sufficient passage for easy exit without any barrier.

One needs to aware about the path of own exit and during the

dangerous signal, one should exit disciplinary.

Before starting of work it needs to check the needle guard, pull

guard, whether it is in the right form.

All kind of seizer requires binding with the body or machine.

The broken needles must be submitted before the issue of new

needle.

EMPLOYEE WORKING CONDITION

The working condition of employee is very hygienic. To motivate the employees, along with

salary and benefits the company provides various facilities like free meals , free transportation ,

24 hour medical center , on site sports . Production and accommodation facilities include full

time supply of safe drinking water, adequate lighting and ventilation facilities from sheet. 

The factories also have their own effluent treatment plant, which treats the wastewater from

production so that it is less toxic before it is disposed off into the water bodies of the country. A

woman 'welfare officer' visits each floor regularly to hear out any complaints or problems any

worker may have and tries to come up with a satisfactory solution. Here the woman worker can

tell the welfare officer who then informs the supervisors so that extra consideration is given to

the worker such as extra food, more bathroom breaks, saving her from any heavy work and so

on. Universal Jeans Ltd provides free medical checkup, provides health card and also provides

necessary medical facilities for each employee. Fulltime doctors (two doctors) are on duty at the

medical unit, which is again, clean and has two beds for workers who may fall ill while on the

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job. The following are the different Medicare services provided by the company-

o Hospitalization (Covers inpatient & outpatient hospital care & services.)

o Major Doctor Bills.

o Charges of visiting a doctor or specialist. 

o Prescription drug costs.

o Provides unlimited in-home care in certain situations.

SAFETY AND SECURITY MEASURES

Fire equipments

Fire extinguishers : ABC-26pc, CO2-30pc

Fire alarms : 12 alarms

Manila rope : 10 pcs

Face mask : 30 pcs

Emergency lights : 50 lights

Smoke detector : All floors

Exhaust fan : 130 fans

Fire hoses : 10 hoses

First aid boxes : 10 boxes

Water bucket with stand : 20 pcs

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WORKERS COMPENSATION Universal Jeans paid Workers’ compensation claims for-

– Injury– Occupational disease– Death

PROVIDED FUND

Every permanent worker must be the member of this fund. From the

each worker’s salary a specific amount will be cut and deposited to this

fund and company also deposit same amount of money. There is a

separate trustee board for managing provident that is registered

according to the law. The deposited money is refundable including

profit after a certain period of time. From this fund one can get loan

after the fixed period of time.

INCENTIVES:

If any worker are not absent for a single day in a month without

permission, in that case he/she will get presence bonus and if one

day absent then he/she will also get incentives.

Food allowances will be provided.

For the workers of long distance, there is a transportation facility.

Universal jeans limited also paid during the following terms-

Holidays

Vacations/ Festival leave-12 days

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Casual leave-10 days

Marriage leave

Maternity leave- 8 months + 8 months

Sick leave-14 days

Earned leave-14 days 

Personal leave

Sabbatical leave/ For Muslims, leave after death

Other religious leaves such as pilgrimage or preaching.

WORKER’S RESPONSIBILITIES:

o To present in the workplace in just time.

o To follow the disciplinary rules of the company.

o Actively participate in the production process and achieve the target.

o Not absent in work without the permission.

o To keep neat and cleanness.

o Careful about the use of toilet, commode, and basin and keep it cleans so that the next

user can use it without any hesitation.

o To eat the food with cleanliness in the canteen.

o To obey the order of supervisor or concerned authority.

o Always use the uniform and identity card.

o Before using the machine make it clean and take care of it.

o To submit all necessary things to issue girl after the completion of work.

o Seizer, bowmen case or any other things cannot be taken out from the factory.

o Any unnecessary talking cannot be allowed in a line during working.

o To be sincere in work.

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PRINCIPLES OF CODE OF CONDUCT OF AUTHORITY WITH WORKERS

Obligatory Principles of Universal jeans Ltd. for behaving with workers

according to the labor law-

Any type of physical and mental torture cannot be done with any

workers.

If the workers have any complain, it need to here cordially and urgent

steps should be taken.

It is completely prohibited to make them work without payment.

It is prohibited to force them for overtime work involuntarily.

It is prohibited to deprive the workers from their rights.

Any kind of question of the condition of pregnancy is prohibited in

case of woman worker recruitment.

Except the employment of child worker, all other worker needs to

recruit on the basis of equality.

There is a system of making complain to the senior authority of the

worker. If he/she feel hesitate in that case worker can submit the

complain in the complain box, which is exist in the factory.

It is obligatory to ensure the emergency medication for sick or

wounded worker. And for the failure punishment measure will be

taken for the concerned authority.

There is an opportunity to give opinion of the workers through

WRWC.

In case of urgent need a worker can hold the right to get the leave.

And for this leave salary will not cut.

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In this factory the production is ensured through the capability. In

this case there is no system of estimating numerical figure of

production. It is completely prohibited.

There is a system of annual salary increment and promotion on the

basis of qualification. In this case any discrimination is prohibited and

punishable.

In the workplace use of any kind of spot remover machine is

prohibited.

There is arrangement for protection equipment for every worker in

this factory. Workers are ordered to know and convey others about

the use and effectiveness of it.

CAUSES OF MISCONDUCT

According to BEPZA authority the following activities may be treated as

misconduct-

Disobedient of the order of the higher authority individually or in-

group.

Steal, careless of duty; destroy the image or property of the

company.

Any illegal transaction or bribe taken or given.

Careless about the duty or absent (without any legal cause more

than 10 days absent in a year will be treated as misconduct),

present in the work lately.

To absent continuously 10 days or more than that without

informing the company.

To break the rules and order of the company as intentionally.

To absent in work individually or in-group.

To collect any kind of subscription in the factory compound.

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Smoking in the factory.

Without the prior permission of the authority, any kind of hand bill,

leaflet, or fostering or announce.

Any kind of meeting in the factory compound without the prior

permission of the authority.

Any kind of gambling or participate such kind of game in the

factory area.

Habitual breaking of discipline.

To leave the workplace without permission.

Make any pilferage within the factory or zone.

To join in the job using false name, age, certificate and address.

Engage in personal transaction or business in the workplace.

Misuse or destroy the goods in the store of the factory/company.

To Delay in work individually or in-group.

Punished by the court for any kind of misconduct.

Not use of the protection equipment properly in the workplace. For

this one may be punished or terminated.

GRIEVANCES HANDLING PROCEDURE

The complains of worker can be dismissed by the following procedure-

If any worker has any complain during the work, the worker will present

complain to departmental head.

If the departmental head fails, then he will present the problem to the

HRD through “Worker Welfare Committee”. Human resource department

will give a satisfactory solution.

If there is any objection on the solution of human resource department,

then one will present the problem to the BEPZA industrial relations

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department through the “worker welfare committee.”

If there is any objection on the judgment of BEPZA industrial relation,

then it will be presented to the BEPZA labor tribunal through the “worker

welfare committee,” and the judgment of BEPZA labor tribunal will

consider as the final solution.

Page 65 of 89MARKETING DEPARTMENTMARKETING DEPARTMENT

MARKETING DEPARTMENT

UNIVERSAL JEANS Ltd. is a basically a garment manufacturing company. It produces

mainly jeans pants & trousers. The contribution of garments sectors towards the total export

is a great percentage of this company. UNIVERSAL JEANS Ltd. attaches much importance

to its marketing tasks for which the Managing Director himself takes personal interest. The

marketing department is responsible for sales, distribution, market research and handling

marketing of individual products. The total manpower engaged in the marketing department

is only 20-40 persons.

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TARGET MARKET

In UNIVERSAL JEANS Ltd, there target market is especially for foreign market. They are

marketing their products to USA, European countries, Canada. They are the leader of the

market.

MARKET STRUCTURE

UNIVERSAL JEANS Ltd. is a production oriented manufacturing concern. The nature of

production is garments wear and it produces the consumer goods. UNIVERSAL JEANS is

100% export oriented and it produces for foreign market. The organization’s close

competitors are India, Pakistan, China, and Hong Kong.

IMPLIMENTATION OF MARKETING MIX

The particular marketing tools under each P that is applied UNIVERSAL JEANS are Shown on a diagram:

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Figure: Marketing Mix Component

Each and every marketing tool under four P has some variations. So Universal Jeans

also has variation in their marketing mix which is described as follows:

PRODUCT

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VarietyQualityDesignFeatureBrand namePackagingService

AdvertisingPersonal sellingSales promotionDirect marketingPublic relation

Channel CoverageAssortmentLocationInventoryTransportation Logistic

List priceDiscountAllowancePayment periodCredit term

PRODUCT PRICE

PROMOTION PLACE

PLACE

PLACE

Product is the first component of marketing mix. We define product as anything that can be

offered to a market for attention, acquisition, use, or consumption and that might satisfy

a want or need. Product includes more than just tangible goods. To define more briefly “It's a

good, service or idea consisting of a bundle of tangible and intangible attributes that

satisfy consumer and is received in exchange for money". In this part we describe the

particular tools that are related on Universal jeans Ltd.

PRODUCT VARIETY

Universal Jeans produce mostly jeans wear. It produces men's, women's, boys, and girl's

jeans product. At present universal Jeans achieve the honor of number one exporter of jeans

wear.

Universal Jeans produce the following types of product

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QUALITY

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Blue Denim JeansContrast Trim Trousers 4. Cargo ShortDenim Five Pocket jeans (men’s)Dark Blue JeansDenim SandblastDrawstring Trousers

Linen Drawstring ShortCargo Drawstring ShortsThree Quarter Length TrousersLadies Boot Cut Jeans 4. Classic JeansClassic Stretch Jeans 4 Ladies OverallDenim DressLong Ladies Skirt 4. Dark Denim JeanFive pocket Denim Jeans (Boy's)Gray Drawstring Trousers Cargo Trousers

Boot Cut Lace JeansCotton Nylon Drawstring Pants

Blue Sandblast Denim SkirtBlue Zip Off Leg TrouserGirls denim Trouser

Quality is the totality of a feature and characteristics of a product or service that bear on

its ability to satisfy, an implied needs. Universal Jeans satisfy most of its buyer's needs

most of the time, so we can say that it's a quality company. Their mission is to produce

world class and high quality readymade garments. But it is important to distinguish between

conformance quality and performance quality.

DESIGN

It serves buyer over e-mail, attachment, disk, and hard copy. All are implemented

through own CADS section. As a result they can design their products according to

buyer's instructions very easily.

FEATURES

There are many features of their product. One of them is Universal Jeans produce the high

quality denim garments with different wash, different design which is not available in

other garments industry.

BRAND NAME

We know a brand is a name, term, sign, symbol or design, or a combination of them

tended to identify the goods or service of one seller or group of seller and to differentiate them

from those of competitors `. Universal Jeans Ltd. achieves the honor of best jeans wear

manufacturer in Bangladesh. And it represents the Bangladesh as a brand on whole

world. So, most of the foreign buyers choose the Universal Jeans Ltd. to produce their

garments product.

Universal Jeans Ltd. deals with the world famous brand. These are given below:

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PACKAGING

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GAP

LEE

C&A

LIN DEX

CHARLES VOGELE

H&

MASH

UNIQLO

TOM TAYLOROLD NAVY 4

LEE FUNG 4

GAP

LEE

C&A

LIN DEX

CHARLES VOGELE

H&

MASH

UNIQLO

TOM TAYLOROLD NAVY 4

LEE FUNG 4

Universal Jeans ltd. performs their packaging works on the basis of buyer's demand.

Different buyer wants different types of packaging. For example, USA buyer packaging

depends on their own geographical needs.

SERVICE

Universal Jeans Ltd. provide the value added service or simply excellent buyer

service to differentiate themselves such as provide samples, maintain quality, ensure the

shipment with in time, provide technical know how to the buyer, sending representative

in already for negotiating with buyer's, make answer of buyers question. Performing in

various social and business programmers, participate in international trade fair etc.

PRICE

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Price is the second component of marketing mix. Price is define "the amount of money charged for a product or service, or the sum of the values that consumer exchanges for the benefits of having or using the product or service.

There are many factors which influence a company price setting. It shown on a diagram:

Figure: Key factor that influence Price setting

In setting price the following factors are considered:

Production cost

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Price Setting

Pricing objective

Price of other product

Price flexibility

Demand

Cost Legal environment

Discount & allowance

Mark up chain in channel

Competition Geographic pricing term

Competitors offering

Special Situation

Variation in demand

Universal Jeans follows cost based pricing and value based pricing strategy for setting price for

their product. Universal Jeans Ltd. is a 100% export oriented company; its price is usually

high. Price is negotiating at buyer meeting between two parties, manufacturer and buyer. On

that meeting based on buyer sample, manufacturer quotes, to buyer with review different

sample and finally price is selected after negotiation between two parties. They discriminate

price on the basis of quality, cash payment on account, quality of order.

PLACE

The third P- place – concerned with all the decision involved in getting the right product

to the target market place. A product is not much good to a customer if isn't available ,

and where is wanted. Universal Jeans Ltd. is a 100% export oriented company. So its

product is not available in Bangladesh and other subcontinent country. There maximum

buyer is European. So their product is available in European market.

CHANNEL

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A product reached customer through a channel of distribution. A channel of distribution is many

series of firm that participate in the flow of product from producer to final user or customer.

Intermediaries those can handle this responsibilities.

But Universal jeans Ltd., handle there overall process by themselves. There are no third

party deals in the distribution process.

Channel of distribution of Universal Jeans Ltd

COVERAGE

Universal Jeans Ltd. covers the wide geographic area like Europe,USA,Japan,Canada,etc. And

day by day it expands its business.

LOCATION

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Foreign BuyerForeign BuyerManufacturerManufacturer

Universal jeans Ltd. deals with the world famous brand. They expand their business most

of the country the world. They capture most of the European country. Lists of the country

name, where Universal jeans Ltd. operate their business are given below:

U.K .

Germany Sweden

Netherlands

USA

Japan

Hong Kong

France

Norway

Denmark

Switzerland

Poland

Canada

Spain

Middle East

INVENTORY

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Universal Jeans Ltd. imports most of the raw material. Because buyer specified which

kind of raw material should be used in their product.

TRANSPORTATION

Universal jeans Ltd. export its product through the Sea or Air. Most of the time they export their

product by Sea. Because sea port is nearer from the EPZ, it contains on large volume of product

at a time. Frequently, the transportation cost would be minimized. But it depends on the buyer.

They should mention on their contract by which way they should receive the product. . The

company has an own transport department and have cargo carrier .The air transportation use only

for urgency met the customer demand.

PROMOTION

To communicate with buyer or consumer, a company can use one or more of five

promotional alternatives: advertising, personal selling, sales promotion, direct marketing and

public relation. UNIVERSAL JEANS Ltd always tries to maintain the product quality. This is

their only promotional activity for attracting the foreign buyers. Because this company is

completely different from any other type of production oriented company in regard of buyer

attractiveness, buyer convince and getting order from buyer. As a result, in most of the times, the

company get the order from world reputed branded products It is an established company so

they don't need to advertise their product. But when they prepare a new design or

sample, they need to inform the buyers about this product. On this situation they

introduce it through sent the sample to the buyer of different countries or the company

director visit the buyer's country. Universal Jeans Ltd. deals with their buyer through

face to face, telephone, and interactive electronic communication. But most of the

time buyer physically visits the factory, and then they deal with them. So personal

selling is more effective for Universal Jeans Ltd., rather than other promotional

alternative.

EXPORT & IMPORT

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Universal Jeans main exporter countries are USA, UK, EU, Japan, Canada. The annual Export

volume of 7.68 mill dollar. Market demand supply are determined by buyers demand, they could

not export products from one EPZ to other EPZ within the country. They use water channel for

exporting their product maximum time. They give taxes for importing machinery which are not

include tax free privilege they also use their won C&F agent for export & import purpose. They

expect shipment, customs port facilities from government. Though the company gets facilities

from the govt. it faces some problems for smooth export such as:

Transportation

Timely accessories

Qualitative and timely raw materials

Complexity in customs clearance activities etc.

Though this is 100% export oriented industry, its import activities cannot be neglected because

all of the machines (sewing, cutting, drying etc.) are imported from Japan and Italy. Buyers

determine from where raw materials to be collected.

Support expected from the Government:

Solve the problem in port

Making the formality flexible in the custom.

Faster the port activity

Remove the labor unrest

They think if some specific measures are taken then a favorable export and import environment

can be expected.

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FINANCE DEPARTMENTFINANCE DEPARTMENT

FINANCE DEPARTMENT

The financial management is the custodian of the finance of the organization. The department

keeps all records of the payment and earnings, operating company’s account with the bank,

arrange funds as per requirement and deals with income tax for the tax matter of the company.

This department is responsible for maintaining proper account of the company’s property and

maintaining liaison with the owner for the financial matters regularly. Universal Jeans manage

the whole capital by itself. Its initial capital was 130 core taka but present capital is about 150

taka. It is not enlisted in share market. It is a profitable company. The sources of short term and

long term financing bath are managed by company, they are not taking any short term or long

term loan.

The key elements of financial management of Universal Jeans Ltd. are discussed below:

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CAPITAL AND CAPITAL STRUCTURE

The main source of capital is the directors’ investment in the company. The capital structure

normally follow paid up capital. At the time of starting this factory they have 130 core and now

its present capital is about 150 core. But in my practical findings, the company does not provide

any type of financial statement due to their business secrecy.

MARKET SHARE

Universal Jeans Ltd. does not enter share market. Therefore the company has no market share. It

is a private limited business entity.

SHORT TERM AND LONG TERM FINANCING

Most of the firm use short term financing to meet temporarily short falls, while permanent capital

(long term debt and equity) is used to meet long-term capital requirement. There are four basic

source of short term financing.

a. Account payable

b. Bank loan

c. Commercial paper

d. Accruals

Universal Jeans Ltd. provides short-term finance from company’s own sources. Long term

finance provide by directors and banks. The company has no problems of internal financing.

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SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY

Universal Jeans follow business ethics. They perform social welfare employee welfare. Safe

water, fair employment, environment responsibilities, housing, transport Universal Jeans

enjoying tax holiday period. They provide internship facilities for the fresh graduate.

Creating Employment Opportunity.

Employing women worker in production procedure

Working environment for women

Educational Program for the child labor (through BGMEA & UNDP)

According to Company Law- not to employ child labor

Donation and rehabilitation program for the distressed people affected by nature

catastrophe like flood, storm, tornado etc.

Creating business opportunity for the linkage or support industry.

Training of the local people working in the factory through foreign experts

Besides they have Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP) which is rarely found in our country. It is installed to keep safe our environment from the industrial wastage. It is very costly plant. But every organization must have it. How ETP works is given by the following diagram:

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SWOT ANALYSIS

The overall evaluation of a company's strengths, weaknesses, opportunity and threats is called SWOT analysis. It involves monitoring the external and internal marketing environment. We show the SWOT analysis by the following diagram:

The main objective of SWOT analysis is to find out the internal strength that is in which areas the organization is forward than its own competition and in which area it has lacking. At a time, the organization can understand about the opportunities that are available in the market place for his organization and the threats ahead from its competition.

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External Analysis

Internal Analysis

Weakness Opportunity Threat

SWOT Analysis

Strength

Positive Negative

I

nte

rnal Facto

rs

Strength(s)

Strong marketing team Modern washing plant Product innovation skill Latest sewing technique Well reputation in world market strong financial condition; ample financial

resource Own power station Modernized production plant Better product quality relative to rival Efficient and experience management team The strategic planning department exists

in the company, so new idea has been initiated within the firm.

A widely recognize market leader and an attractive buyer base

Weakness(w)

Most of the raw materials are imported from different countries. Sometime it takes long time. So production being hampered.

Less skilled and unskilled worker. Higher overall unit cost relative to

the key competitor

.

E

xte

rnal Facto

r

Opportunity(O)

Low production cost due to low paid workforce.

Universal Jeans earned good reputation among the buyer

Good marketing environment provided by EPZ authority

It is situated besides the sea port. So it might get facility to import and export the garments product.

Ability to grow rapidly because of sharply rising demand of jeans wear

Threats(T)

Due to the world recession, the monthly export decrease, so the market growth being slow down.

Availability of low price substitute product

Entry of new competitor. Increase market share of other

South Asian country like India, China and Pakistan

Growing bargaining power of buyer and supplier.

.

RECOMMENDATIONS

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Universal Jeans Ltd is one of the renowned apparel in this country. It has played a vital role for

the development of socio-economic condition of the country. Some recommendations are

provided to universal Jeans Ltd.:

.

Training of executives should be provided both in home and garment sector.

Foreign direct investment and joint venture should be encouraged.

The salary system should be well structured regarding the job responsibilities.

Re-structuring of labor salary for reducing frequent migration of labor.

Own supply of electricity should be maintained for the smooth production of RMG

industry.

Universal Jeans Ltd. should concentrate on making high value added items and exclusive

apparels.

Universal Jeans Ltd should attempt to obtain ISO certification for performing better in the

highly quality sensitive business arena.

The Company must have to appoint at least medium educated & Skill person.

The Company can develop the advertising promotion.

For meet the increasing international demand for this company’s garments, Universal

Jeans Ltd must have to expand its production capacity.

CONCLUSION

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Universal Jeans Ltd is one of the most successful and recognized Garments manufacturing

company. It serves the company by way of earning foreign currency and also solves the

unemployment problem of our country. The organization has bright future. On proper guidance

and supervision of the management the company added with the active and untiring effort forms

more than the targeted production and profit and earns a lot of foreign currency in our country

and also plays a good role for economic development of our country.

At last, I can say that the management portion of all departments (Production, HRM, R & D) of

Universal Jeans Limited is performing its job efficiently. In fact, the all departments are most

important equally to increase the productivity by low cost and to maintain the well reputation.

Besides this, the G.M, A.G.M, and other Executives are very much industrious and serious in

performing their jobs.

The organization is maintaining a high quality environment in accordance with the Labor act of

Bangladesh. Workers get adequate wages and they get their wages timely. So the workers are

satisfied and there are no industrial disputes or labor unrest.

There is no doubt that Universal Jeans Ltd has created a better image in the international market

by is quality product and services. Using advanced technology, the firm should maintain the

growth trend through satisfying valued clients at all times.

REFERENCESPage 88 of 89

www.google search

www.pacificjeans.com .

Company profile of “Universal Jeans Ltd.

Company Code of Conduct

Daily Absenteeism Report

Standard questionnaire.

Officials of Universal Jeans Ltd.

Personnel Management, -Decenzo Robbins

Kotler, Philip and Kevin L Keller, Principle of

Marketing (10th Edition), New Delhi: Asoke K

Ghosh, Prentice-Hall of India Private Limited.

Human Resource Management &Industrial Relations

–Dr.Abdul Awal Khan , Dr.M.A.Taher

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