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SPLIT AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM
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AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM
SPLIT UNIT SYSTEM
SAIDATUL HUSNA SAHARUDIN 2008302105
NURUL AINUL NAJWA SALLEH 2008779643NURUL SHAMIN MOHD NIZAM 2008314831
NURUL AZNA AZMAN 2009592825
AFIKA MORSHIDI 2009340091
MARLIN MATAWAK 2009366587
NURSYUHADA IBRAHIM 2009537709ZAKIRAH HANIS MOHD ZAKI 2008559337
SITI NURAISYAH ASMONI 2008763871
DAYANGKU NUR KHAIRIYAH AWANG KEDARI 2008558521
EILLY SHAZANA JAMIL 2009944841
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INTRODUCTION
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VIDEO
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AIR CONDITIONING
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INTRODUCTION
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INTRODUCTION (CONT'D)
INDOOR OUTDOOR
SPLIT UNIT SYSTEM
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INDOOR
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OUTDOOR
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INTRODUCTION (CONT'D)
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OUTDOOR (cont'd)
INTRODUCTION (CONT'D)
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CASE STUDIES
INTRODUCTION (CONT'D)
1. Single storey bungalow house- Paya Jaras Dalam, Sungai Buloh
2. Two storey bungalow house- Kelab Golf Sultan Abdul Aziz
Shah,
Shah Alam..
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CHARACTERISTIC
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Power of cooling
� An air-conditioner that
-has suitable power, save money
-less power, the conditioner will use
additional electric power and willpermanently work at the highest speed and
will make a lot of noise.
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Inverting conditioner
� Inverting conditioner has automatic power to theindoor temperature.
� If the difference with set temperature is very big,then the compressor works on the highest
speed.� When the difference decreases, the compressor
speed also decreases. As the set temperature isgained, the compressor doesn¶t stop its work,but continue working so the conditioner
maintains the set temperature and economizeselectricity.
� The fan working on the lower speed and ismaking less noise. It also affects the level of
comfort.
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Conditioner refilling
� Conditioner is filled with refrigerating
gas which circulates in the pipes to
absorbing heat. After depressurization,
gas evaporates and the quality of cooling liquid changes so the work of
the conditioner worsens.
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Conditioner noise
� The noise level and comfort depend on thefans and compressors.
� Use fans with low level of noise and good
isolation.
� Sometimes conditioner won¶t be able to
provide a necessary temperature without
high speed.
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Conditioner mounting
� The conditioner¶s life strongly depends on itscorrect mounting. Normally, the external block is
mounted under the window.
� The good idea is to mount it in the place, where
the noise of the working block will be minimal.
� Conditioner should be also accessible to the
service to future maintained . Besides, external
block should be fixed on special bearings, which
absorb the vibration.
� The internal block can mounted in any place in the
room on the fixed distance from the ceiling. The
block should be mounted on the distance from
heaters, door openings, and don¶t have any
barriers.
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Performance of Split Air-conditioner Unit
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Low noise air intake system
� The best performance of split
aircond system is to ensure that
the low noise air intake system toget better and smoother air flows
that will provide a quiet and
refreshing environment.
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Fuzzy control
� The timer control will always switch on at apredetermined time that could cause over
cooling.
� However, with this advanced fuzzy controlsystem, the air conditioner will be either
switched on before preset time or delayed
depending on the indoor temperature
changes� It allowing the room temperature to reach the
preset temperature within an optimal time
frame
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Automatic adjustable temperature
controls
� In split system, there is sleep mode.
� It is held after adjusting the sleep mode timer
before sleep and after that, the temperature
will be automatically controlled and adjustedaccordingly to the lowering or body
temperature during sleep
� lower temperature throughout the night, to
provide a conducive environment for a good
sleep.
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Temperature sensing automatic
dehumidification
� Split unit also specially equipped with
précised and reliable temperature sensing
automatic dehumidification function that
automatically operates the dehumidificationwhenever the room temperature exceeds the
preset temperature
� It stops whenever the room temperature falls
back within the preset temperature as such itstabilizes the temperature and provides a
more conducive environment for the user
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DESIGN CRITERIA
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a) The performance requirement of
the system
The performance of the air conditioner shouldcomfort the occupant, it should not too noisy,
friendly user easy handling.
b) Capacity requirementNot all rooms have the same cooling requirement
because they can be small or large or they can be
located in hot corners or the opposite.
Design criteria
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Design Criteria (cont'd)
c) Energy consumption
� Low-energy ventilation systems, electricity
costs can be up to eight times lower than in
high-consumption systems.
d) The humidity control
� Designed to control or limit the growth of microscopic
germ that thrives in certain humidity levels.� So that, the most criteria that air conditioner should
have are to prevent dust from outside and to limit the
growth of the microscopic organism in the room.
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± The decreasing of the air quality caused by
the occupants ± Emissions from materials in the room
± Activities in the room (e.g. : smoking)
± The quality of the outside air ± The thermal load
± Type of space
Parameters influence on the
design of air conditioner
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COMPONENTS
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MAJOR COMPONENTS OF AIR COND
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OUTDOOR COMPONENTS
COMPRESSOR � The compressor pulls in low-pressure, temperature
from the evaporator .
� compresses that gas to high-pressure, high
temperature superheats to the condenser.
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COMPRESSOR In/Suction:
Low Pressure,about 30 psi
& Low
Temperature,
close to
freezing.
Out/Discharge:
High Pressure, about 200 psi & High
Temperature, above
ambient.
OUTDOOR COMPONENTS (Cont'd)
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OUTDOOR COMPONENTS (Cont'd)
CONDENSER � Receives the high-pressure, temperature vapor
refrigerant from the compressor and rejects that
heat to the surrounding air.
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OUTDOOR COMPONENTS (Cont'd)
FA N� Moves outdoor air across the condensing
coil to cool it and assist in condensing the
high pressure, high temperature
refrigerant gas back into a liquid
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INDOOR COMPONENTS (Cont'd)
EV A POR AT OR � Air conditioner evaporator is a heat exchange. It takes in low
temperature, low-pressure liquid refrigerant from theexpansion device and changes it into low-pressure, low
temperature vapor refrigerant.
� It responsible for absorbing heat from whatever places that
needs to be cool
� Since, the AC evaporator coil contains refrigerant that
absorbs heat from the surrounding air, the refrigerant
temperature must be lower than the air.
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EV A POR AT OR
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INDOOR COMPONENTS
EXPA NSION V AL VE � Its also known as meter devices. The meter devices
are near the evaporator coil which is within the airhandler.
� .Its responsible for providing the correct amount of
refrigerant to the evaporator coil.
� Expansion valves work by controlling the amount of refrigerant flows to the evaporator coils. It acts as
restriction to provide a specific amount of refrigerant
flows into the evaporator coils
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INDOOR COMPONENTS (cont'd)
EXPA NSION V AL VE � There are different types of expansion valves used in
air conditioner units, but the function are samewhich to:
� It controls the amount of liquid refrigerant entering
the evaporator coils.
� It maintains a pressure difference between the highand low pressure sides of the system to permit the
refrigeration to vaporize.
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EXPA NSION V AL VE
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INSTALLATION
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PROCEDURE
� Done by expert technician
� INDOOR UNIT
± LOCATED INSIDE THE ROOM
± INSTALLED ABOVE THE BED
± 8-10 FEET FROM FLOOR
±ACCESSIBLE EASILY
± ABOVE WINDOW
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PROCEDURE (cont'd)
OUTDOOR UNIT- LOCATED IN AN OPEN SPACE ON
THE TERRACE, ABOVE THE WALL,HANG ON THE EXTERNAL WALL
SUPPORTED BY ANGLE- EASILY ACCESSIBLE FOR
MAINTENANCE WORK, GASCHARGING AND INSTALLATION
- RIGID SURFACE AVOID VIBRATION- KEEP ABOVE THE INDOOR UNIT
(MAX DISTANCE 15 meter)
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INSTALLATION (cont'd)
INDOOR
� Position
� Install at strong wall
� near electr ic outlet/branch cir cuit
� not exposed direct to sunlight� Drain pipe easily installed
� leave spaces f or servicing
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INSTALLATION PROCESS
1.Cutting the holes.
2. Install wall hook bracket
3.F
orming drain hose and pipe4.Connecting piping
5.electircal wiring
6. Finishing -insluates pipes overlap
7.Earthing
8. Testing running
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VIDEO
VIDEO
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TESTING RUNNING
INDOOR UNIT
- Is operation of each button on remote
control unit finctional?
-Does each lamp light normally?
- Do the air -f low operate normally?
- Is the drain normal
OUTDOOR
- is there any abnormal
noise and vibration
dur ing operation
- will noise,wind or
drainwater disturb the nieghbour s?
- Is there any gas
leakage?
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TESTING RUNNING (cont'd)
OUTDOOR
- Is there any abnormal noise and
vibration dur ing operation
- Will noise,wind or drainwater
disturb the nieghbour s?
- Is there any gas leakage?
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EARTHING
� Connecting with earth wires properly
according to the technical standards.
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PRECAUTIONS
WHEN WIRING
- No power supply
- Connect all wir ing tightly.
- Following the local electr icity
codes.
WHEN TRANSPORTING
-Careful in picking up and moving units-Call par tner s to lift up units
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PRECAUTIONS (cont'd)
WHEN INSTALLING
- Ceiling/wall strong enough
- Cosntr uct strong wood /metal f rame to provide
added suppor t- In a ceiling/wall - strong enough hold unit's
weight
- In a room -tubing r un inside room insulate
properly avoid sweating- In Moist / uneven locations- Raised conrete
pad blocks prevents water damage andabnormal vibration
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PRECAUTIONS(cont'd)
WHEN INSTALLING (CONT'D)
� In an area high winds -anchor
down with bolts and metal f rame.
� In snowy Area -outdoor raised
platf orm higher than dr ifting snow,
provide snow vents
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VIDEO
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COST OF INSTALLATION
� EQUIPMENT PRICE
� BUILDING CONDITION
� LABOUR
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OPERATION
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OPER ATION
COMPRESSOR
When the temperature in the room gets higher than the set
point f or the thermostat, the outside compressor is
automatically switched on.
When the compressor is switched on, the ref r igerant
begins to cir culate through the unit. It will star ts out as a
low-temperature and low-pressure gas.
Operation of the Split Unit Air -conditioning System (Emily Beach, 2011)
The operation of a split air -conditioner is controlled by
using a thermostat to set the desired temperature.
As the ref r igerants passes through the compressor, it is
squeezed through a small network of pipes which raises
both the temperature and the pressure of the ref r igerant.
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OPERATION (Cont'd)
COMPRESSOR
When excess heat is removed, the ref r igerant istransf ormed into a cool liquid.
This cool liquid travels into the room that is going to be air -
conditioned through tubes connecting the compressor and
the indoor evaporator.
Operation of the Split Unit Air -conditioning System (Emily Beach, 2011)
This gas then moves into the condenser where a f an extracts heat f rom the ref r igerant and exhausts it to the outside.
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OPER ATION (Cont'd)
EVAPORATOR
A f an unit within the evaporator draws warm air f rom inside
the room so that it passes through the inside of theevaporator.
As this warm air is exposed to the cool ref r igerant, the
ref r igerant absorbs excess heat f rom the air.
Operation of the Split Unit Air -conditioning System (Emily Beach, 2011)
As the cool liquid ref r igerant enter s the evaporator, its
pressure is reduced.
This cooled air is then blown back into the room in order tomake the space cooler and more comf or table.
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OPER ATION (Cont'd)
EVAPORATOR
The ref r igerant and the excess heat energy it contains are thentransf erred back to the compressor where the cycle repeats itself .
Both the compressor and evaporator will continue to operate under
this cycle until the temperature in the room matches the level that
the thermostat i s set to.
Operation of the Split Unit Air -conditioning System (Emily Beach, 2011)
These units do not add cool air to a room but rather remove heat
energy f rom air that is already within the space.
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OPER ATION (cont'd)
Operation of the Split Air -conditioning System (Howstuff works, 2003)
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OPER ATION (Cont'd)
oRef r igerant leaks
oInadequate maintenance
oElectr ic control f ailure
oSensor problemso Drainage problems
F ACTORS INFLUENCE THE F AILURE OF THE OPER ATION
Problems of the Air -conditioning System (U.S. Depar tment of Energy -
Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, 2010)
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VIDEO
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MAINTENANCE
o Maintenance, repair, and operations (
MRO)involve fixing any sor t of mechanical or electr ical
device should it become out of order or broken
(known as repair, unscheduled or casualty
maintenance) (Wikipedia, 2011).
o It also includes per f orming routine actions which
keep the device in working order (known as
scheduled maintenance) or prevents trouble f rom
ar ising (preventive maintenance) (Wikipedia,
2011).
o MRO may be defined as all actions which have
the objective of retaining or restor ing an item in
or to a state in which it can per f orm its required
function Wiki edia, 2011 .
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M AINTEN ANCE (cont'd)
TYPE OF M AINTEN ANCE
EXPL AN ATION
Preventive
maintenance
Preventive maintenance is the maintenance per f ormed in an attempt to
avoid f ailures, unnecessary production loss and saf ety violations. As
equipment cannot be maintained at all times, some way is needed to
decide when it is proper to per f orm maintenance. Normally, this is done
by deciding some inspection or maintenance intervals, and sticking to
this interval more or less aff ected by what you find dur ing these
activities.
Corrective maintenance
Corrective maintenance can be defined as the maintenance which is
required when an item has f ailed or worn out, to br ing it back to workingorder. Corrective maintenance is carr ied out on all items where the
consequences of f ailure or wear ing out are not significant and the cost
of this maintenance is not greater than preventive maintenance.
The Types of Maintenances (Wikipedia, 2011)
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ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
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CASE STUDY 1
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CASE STUDY 1
Particulars :
Owner Jamil Nordin and Nor Fadzilah Ashaari
Address Lot 38935, Jalan Tempayan Emas 3,
47000 Sungai Buloh,
Selangor Darul Ehsan.
Type of House One Storey Bungalow
Type of Air Conditioner System Split Unit
Numbers of Air Conditioner Used 8 numbers
Location Bedrooms (5 numbers), Living hall (1
number), Dining hall (1 number) and
Family area (1 number).
G l t
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General FeaturesEach brand of air conditioner has its own features.
ECO patrol :
Senses human presence and adjust the temperature f or more comf or t and savings.
Intelligent inver ter :
Saves up to 50% energy, enables optimum power control and extremely
efficient operation
Advanced power ful mode :
It provides f ast comf or t with power and strong air f low
Super Quiet
Specially-designed air vent efficiently reduces noise.
Blue fin condenser :
Tr ipled the lif e of its condenser with anti-r ust coating
Advanced + Plus e-ion air pur if ying system with patrol sensor :
Patrol sensor detect the dir t.
E-ions catch and deactivate micro-organism in dust Air Sweep Control :
The air sweep function moves the f lap up and down in the air outlet, directing air in
a sweeping motion around the room and providing comf or t to every corner.
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SpecificationPANASONICCS-PS9MKH (CU-PS9MKH) ~ 1.0HP
PANASONICCS-C12KKH (CU-C12KKH) ~ 1.5HP SANYOSAP K12-AG-2.0HP
Product Dimension :Indoor 290 x 870 x 240 mmOutdoor - 510 x 650 x 230 mmProduct Dimension :
Indoor 290 X 870 X 204 mm
Outdoor - 540 X 780 X 289 mm
Product Dimension :
Indoor 275 x 845 x 180 mm
Outdoor - 540 x 848 x 320 mm
Product Weight :Indoor - 9 kgOutdoor - 24 kg
Product Weight :Indoor - 9 kg
Outdoor - 29 kg
Product Weight :
Indoor - 10 kg
Outdoor - 35 kg
Air Circulation (Indoor/Hi) :
M3/min - 10.1
Air Circulation (Indoor/Hi) :
M3/min - 11.2
Air Circulation :
M2/min - 10.5
Electricity :
Rated voltage - 230V
Running current - 3.6A
Power input - 760W
Electricity :
Rated voltage - 230V
Running current - 4.8A
Power input - 1070W
Electricity :
Rated voltage - 220-240V
Running current - 5.95A
Power input - 1290W
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Installation of the wall mounted
indoor unit
Once the location of the indoor unit isdecided, the installation can be made.It
can be installed on the wall of the room
or the partition at the height of about
8-10 feets from the floor. The steps of
installation :-
1. Make the markings as per the wall hook bracket
It is a sort of the aluminum template with all the
necessary holes and the attachments where the
template will be fit with screws.2. Fit the bracket
After making the markings for the holes, remove
the wall hook bracket and make the holes in the
wall with drilling machine at these markings.
After that, keep the bracket in place again on the
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3. Make a hole in the wall or partition:
Make a small hole of about 3 inches
near the bracket across the wall or
partition.
Through this hole the refrigerant
tubing connecting the indoor and the
outdoor will pass. These tubing are
insulated hence they need hole of large
diameter.
Refrigerant
tubing
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Figure : Shows power supply cable and electric
cable connect the indoor and outdoor unit
4. Installing the indoor unit
There are some male extensions on the bracket on which the
female counterpart of the indoor unit can be fitted. When
fitting the indoor unit the copper tubing extending from the
unit has to be passed through the hole and to outside the
room for connecting it do the outdoor unit.
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The drain pipe is connected to one end of the
indoor unit; it is passed through the hole and left
free in the open space where the water can be
drained.
The power supply cable connecting the indoor and
outdoor unit and to the main supply is also passed
through the hole.
Figure : Tubing from outdoor unit to Figure : Drain pipe bedded in concrete todrain drain
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5. Tilting the indoor unit
The indoor unit is given slight tilt of about 2-3
degree towards the drain pipe. This enablesunhindered flow of dew water towards the water
space where drain water is collected and drain
pipe is connected for removal of water.
This angle should be just sufficient to enable
flow of water without disturbing the looks of the
indoor unit due to high angle of tilt.
With this the installation of the indoor unit is
almost over and ready to be connected to the
refrigerant tubing and the outdoor unit.
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Installing the outdoor unit on the external wall
The installation for outdoor unit also is quit
similar with the indoor installations and it is agood idea to keep the distance between the indoor
and outdoor units as close as possible.
The outdoor unit can also be hanged on the external
wall on some angle supports. The angles can be
fitted on the wall by using special bolts calledanchor bolts. Make sure that he wall on which the
outdoor unit is being fitted is strong enough to
bear its weight and vibrations.
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Operation and function of Split unit System
A split system conditioner splits the hot
side from the cold side of the system. The
cold side, consisting of the expansion
valve and the cold coil, is generally
placed into a furnace or some other air
handler. The air handler blows air throughthe coil and routes the air throughout the
build using a series of ducts. The hot
side, known as the condensing unit,
allocated outside the house. The unit
consists of a long, spiral coil shaped
like a cylinder. Inside the coil is a fan,
to blow air through the coil, along with a
weather-resistant compressor and some
control logic.
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Cost of installation
Based on this case study for residential split unit
system, the house is mainly using 8 numbers of air
conditioning system for several different areas
which is family area, living hall, dining hall and
bedrooms. The cost of installation are :
Table : Cost of Installation The cost of installation basically is influenced by the length
of wire need to be tapped off from the existing wire. The longer
the length of the wire, thus the higher the cost is. Besides
that, it is also influenced by the degree, if difficulties of
installing the air conditioner. Normally, the air conditioner is
installed before the plaster is being applied as to maintain theappearance and the aesthetic value of the house.
Air ±
conditioning(Horse Power)
Cost of Air ±
conditioning( RM )
Cost of
Installation(RM )
Total
( RM )
1 H.P 800 ++ 180 1000
2 H.P 1600 ++ 300 2000
i
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Maintenance
The maintenance operation would be done every 6
Months. The maintenance includes the work of
chemical cleaning, filter cleaning and top up the
gas.
The cost of maintenance is basically influenced by ;
-types of maintenance
-the degree of maintaining it
-the Horse Power of the Air-conditioner.
Basically it will cost around RM120++/unit for 1HP
and RM180++ for 2HP. Further, the more refrigerantor gas that needed to be topped up, the more cost
it will incur.
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CASE STUDY2
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2 STOREY BUNGALOW HOUSE
1R-DODQ.HODE*ROI
.HODE*ROI6XOWDQ$EGXO
$]L]6KDK.*6$$6
6HNV\HQ6KDK$ODP
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BACKGROUND
� The owner of these bungalow is .DSWHQ0RKG
0D]ODQ$VKDDUL0LULD+M+DVELH
� Located at Kelab Golf Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah,
Seksyen 13, Shah Alam.� Price of the bungalow is about RM 2.2 mil
� There are 10 air conditioner installed
� Brand used: National brand (taken from the previoushouse).
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MAINTENANCE
� Maintenance done once in 3 month.
� Cost of the maintenance is about RM120++/unit
� The maintenance include FKHPLFDOFOHDQLQJ
ILOWHUFOHDQLQJDQGWRSXSWKHJDV
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INSTALLATION
� The installation done by the contractor that appoint
by the owner of these bungalow.
� The location of the air conditioner is decided by the
owner and sometimes advice from the specialist.
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INDOOR UNIT
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OUTDOOR UNIT
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PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED
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Air conditionerruns constantly
but doesnt cool
well
AirConditioner
wont turn
on
PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED
Air
Conditioner
run but
doesnt cool
at all
PROBLEMSAir
Conditioner
cycles on and
off
frequentlyOther
problems
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RECOMMENDATIONS
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RECOMMENDATION
Energy Efficient Cooling Systems
� Ice cooling is as simple as it sounds. Large
tanks of water freeze into ice at night, whenenergy demands are lower
�pumps the cool air from the ice into the
building�saves money, cuts pollution, eases the strain on
the power grid and can be used alongside
traditional systems.
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RECOMMENDATION (Cont'd)
Design
Compressors are allocated facing the sunrise
Operation of the condensers become inefficiency
Maintenance work
Maintenance works need to be done once a month
The best time to service an air conditioner is
bef ore it's actually needed.
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COST
Split unit ; different types and brand
/* 9&)
1.0HP
RM 1549
/* 9&)1.5HP
RM1849
/* +($/7+
3/861.5HP
RM1999
/* */(2HP
RM2200
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CONCLUSION
h i THE RIGHT i diti i i
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choosing THE RIGHT air conditioning is animpor tant decision. A poor choice may be costly
and f ail to provide the desired level of cooling.T
hebest system will absolutely depends on the climate,cooling needs and the design of the house.Bigger is not better . An over sized air conditioner does not provide more comf or t; in f act it may make
the house f eel clammy. All in all, it¶s actually up to the user s. Some maypay more when buying the air conditioner and endup they will save the cost of maintaining it and
likewise. Whatever it is, it is also depend on theusage of the air conditioner itself . If you use it moreand f requent, no matter how much you pay initiallywhen buying it, you still need to maintain itregularly.
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THANK YOU