Final ReviewUNIT 1

The Earth

Do Now: please take out pink review packetsHW: Final Exam Thursday January 22, 2015 Review Packet Unit 2- Natural Disasters

BiosphereParts of the hydrosphere, lithosphere, and

atmosphere where life exists

Lithosphere

• Igneous Rocks: formedfrom volcanoes

• Sedimentary Rocks: 80% of rocks on Earth, formed under water, layers• Metamorphic Rocks: formed by heat and pressure

The solid part of Earth

Plate Tectonics

• Convergent: two plates collide, forms mountains• Subduction: ocean plates goes under less dense

continental plate, forms volcanoes, earthquakes, trenches

• Divergent: two plates moving apart, forms mid ocean ridge

• Transform fault: two plates slide past eachother causing an earthquake, ex- San Andreas fault in California

Hydrospherewater part of Earth, ex: oceans, lakes, glaciers,

streams

The Water Cycle

o Evaporation: Water changes from liquid to gas when temperature

increases

o Condensation: Water changes from gas to liquid, formation of clouds

o Precipitation: rain, snow, sleet, hail

o Run-off: Water moves from a high elevation (mountain) into a body

of water (ocean, lake)

o Transpiration: The release of water vapor from plants

o Groundwater: Water is absorbed into the ground

Atmosphere

The gases surrounding us

Weather

Factors Affecting Weather1. Temperature2. Wind3. Humidity4. Cloud cover

Clouds

Cirrus: feathery, wispy, end of clear weather

Cumulus: cottony, good weather

Stratus: layered, light rain or snow

Nimbus: rain cloud

Air Masses

Properties determined by where it develops

• Continental polar: cold and dry

• Maritime polar: cool and moist

• Continental arctic: bitterly cold and dry

• Continental tropical: warm and dry

• Maritime tropical: warm and moist

FrontsBoundary between two air masses• Cold: cold air moving towards

warm air, blue triangles• Warm: warm air moving towards

cold air, red scallops• Occluded: cold front overtakes a

warm front, alternating cold and warm symbols facing the same way

• Stationary: warm and cold air pushing against eachother but neither one is strong enough to move the other, alternating cold and warm symbols facing opposite directions

Gases

• Nitrogen: 78%• Oxygen: 21%• Argon: 0.9%• Carbon Dioxide: 0.03%

Layerso Troposphere: layer

surrounding us, where

weather occurs, temperature

decreases

o Stratosphere: ozone layer

Ozone: protects us from

UV rays

o Mesosphere: temperature

decreases

o Thermosphere: temperature

increases