Final Report Impact Assessment Study of the Interventions ... Report SKK... · 7.2 Employment Generated During The financial Year 2014-2015 69 ... 7.6 Number of members in the households

Final Report

Impact Assessment Study of the Interventions under Child Centred

Development Project of Seva Kendra Calcutta, Kharagpur Extension

Centre Supported by Indienhilfe in West Midnapore District

IBRAD

Submitted by

Indian Institute of Bio-Social Research and Development (IBRAD)

Prafulla Kanan, V.I.P. Road, Kestopur, Kolkata – 700101

Phone : 033-66210210, E-mail : [email protected] / [email protected]

Final Report: Impact Assessment Study of the Interventions under Child Centred Development Project of Seva Kendra Calcutta, Kharagpur Extension


Submitted by: IBRAD (Indian Institute of Bio-Social Research & Development) P A G E 2

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We would like to take this opportunity to convey our thanks to Indienhilfe e.V. Herrsching, Germany

to conduct the study. It has been a great learning opportunity for us too to experience the

development discourse that had taken place among the most deprived and marginalized section of

our society. We are thankful to Dr. Elisabeth Kreuz, President Indienhilfe e.V. Herrsching for

providing her valuable inputs to develop the study design and analytical framework. We are indeed

thankful to Ms. Sibani Chakraborty, Chief Country Officer, IHK, Ms Sukanya Nath and Ms. Rusha

of providing inputs and insights to set the study questions, understand the context, coordinate with

SKC for organizing the field studies.

Our heartfelt thanks are due to Fr. Franklin Menenezes of Seva Kendra Calcutta for his support to

conduct the study and his support to organize the field work.

We would also like to express our thanks to Mrs. Ruth Mary Roy, Mr. Ranjit Gomes and Mr. Moven

Domingo and all other staff of SKC for their relentless helpand support during the field work and

providing relevant information and data.

We are really indebted to all the animators who have volunteered to spare their time during the

field work and share their experiences and especially to Mr. Koushik Mahato, community workers

of Baligeriya unit and Mr. Badol Singh, community workers of Salboni unit for their cooperation

and help during the field work.

Last but not the list we acknowledge the support and cooperation of the study team members and

back office staff members of IBRAD for data collection, data processing and finalizing the report.




Contents

Chapter

No. Topics

Page No.

List of Tables

4

List of Figures

6

List of Abbreviations

8

Chapter 1

Background of the Study Area 10

Chapter 2

The Project: Evolution, Aims and Objectives 16

Chapter 3

The Impact Assessment Study: Objectives and

Methodology 21

Chapter 4

Background of the Study Area: Contextualising the

Issues 24

Chapter 5

Outcome on Education 26

Chapter 6

Outcome on Health and Nutrition 51

Chapter 7

Outcome on Livelihood 68

Chapter 8

Outcome on Dignity 87

Conclusion

102

Annexure I (Schedule on SHG)

112

Annexure I (Schedule on Household)

116




Table No. List of Table Page No.

Chapter 1

1.1 Status of the Lodha population of the district 14

1.2 Distribution of Lodha in sample blocks 14

Chapter 3

3.1 Coverage of Sample Villages 23

3.2 Sample Size 23

Chapter 4

4.1 Distribution of Sample Villages in different Units 24

4.2 Unit wise population distribution of sample households 24

4.3 Unit wise distribution of dependent population 25

Chapter 5

5.1 Elementary Education Status of PaschimMidnapure district 27

5.2 High School catchment area 29

5.3 Availability of Schools at different levels in the sample villages 29

5.4 No of eligible vis a vis school going children 29

5.5 Enrolment of students in IDP villages 30

5.6 Enrolment of students in Non-IDP Village 31

5.7 Enrolment of students in Non IDP villages 31

5.8 No of eligible vis a vis school going children inLodha village 32

5.9 Enrolment of Lodha Children 32

5.10 Drop Out details of the villages from IDP Project area 33

5.11 Drop Out details of the villages from Non-IDP Project area 33

5.12 Gender wise division of drop outs 36

5.13 Children who never attend School 37

5.14 Education Facilities Availed by the Lodha Children 38

5.15 Expenditure on Education 41

5.16 Status compared to the baseline data 46




Chapter 6

6.1 The scheme aims at providing a package of following inter

related services 51

6.2 Indicators in the development in Health for the blocks of

Paschim Midnapore District 52

6.3 Immunization coverage of children in IDP Project Area 53

6.4 Immunization coverage of children in Non-IDP Project Area 54

6.5 Children attending Anganwari (IDP Project Area) 55

6.6 Children attending Anganwari (Non-IDP Project Area) 56

6.7 Adolescents girls provided with IFA tablets (on HH basis) 57

6.8 Kitchen Garden in Project Area 58

6.9 Immunization statuses of Pregnant women 59

6.10 Age at marriage 62

6.11 Base line data vis a vis the present findings 64

Chapter 7

7.1 Status of Workers in the sample blocks 68

7.2 Employment Generated During The financial Year 2014-2015 69

7.3 Different sources of income among IDP and Non IDP Villages

(% of Households) 70

7.4 Earning members in the family 71

7.5 Earning members in Lodha families 72

7.6 Number of members in the households having jobs for less than

6 months a year 72

7.7 Unit wise no. of sample SHGs 73

7.8 Formation of SHG 74

7.9 Affiliation of SHG with SGSY 74

7.10 Range of Savings of the SHGs 75

7.11 Types of supports received by the SHGs 79

7.12 Different types of skill training conducted in the villages 80

7.13 No. of IGA trainings conducted 81

7.14 No. of Households have savings in financial institution 83

7.15 Savings By Lodha HHs 84




Chapter 8

8.1 Access to Essential Commodities by Lodha Families 89

8.2 Type of Entitlement Cards holding in Lodha villages 90

8.3 Villagers Know About the Microplan 93

8.4 Most important perceived changes 96

Table No. List of Figures Page No.

Chapter 1

1.1 Location Map of the study area 10

1.2 Location map (District and blocks) 11

Chapter 5

5.1 Reason of Drop out in IDP villages 35

5.2 Reason of Drop out in Non-IDP villages 35

5.3 Tuition details of IDP Project villages 39

5.4 Tuition details of Non-IDP Project area 39

5.5 Expenditure on Education 42

Chapter 6

6.1 Ante natal and Pre natal checkups in IDP Project Area 59

6.2 Ante natal and Pre natal checkups in Non-IDP Project Area 59

6.3 Place of Delivery 60

6.4 Take home ration 61

6.5 Age of Pregnancy 61

6.6 Number of Pregnancy 62

Chapter 7

7.1 Gradation of SHG 75

7.2 SHG linkages with financial institutions 76

7.3 Frequency of credit from bank 77

7.4 Loan Utilisation 78

7.5 Intercation of SHGs with different institutions 82




7.6 SHGs Need External Support 82

7.7 Status of Income 84

Chapter 8

8.1 Access to Drinking water sources in IDP and Non IDP villages 88

8.2 Toilet Facilities 89

8.3 Entitlements of the Househlolds 90

8.4 Membership in different Institutions 91

8.5 Villagers know about Microplan in IDP village 93

8.6 Villagers know about Microplan in Non-IDP village 94

8.7 Awareness of the family members regarding Right of the

Children 95

8.8 Major Expenditure Incurred Towards Children 95

8.9 Households received Government Facilities 98

8.10 Sources of Information regarding the Government Facilities 98




LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

ANC- Ante Natal Care

APL- Above Poverty Line

ASER -Annual Status of Education Report

AWC- Anganwadi Centre

BPL-Below Poverty Line

CCD- Child Centered Development

DFID-Department for International Development

DPT- Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus

DWCD & SW-Department of Women and Child Development and Social Welfare

GP- Gram Panchyat

GoWB- Government of West Bengal

HDI- Human Development Index

HH- House Holds

HS- Higher Secondary

HSDI- Health Systems Development Initiative

ICDS- Integrated Child Development Services

IH- Indienhilfee.VHerrsching

LIC- Life Insurance Corporation

THR- Take Home Rations

IAY-Indira Awaas Yojana

IBRAD – Indian Institute of Bio-Social Research and Development

ICDS- Integrated Child Development Services

IFA- Iron-Folic Acid

IGA- Income Generation Activity

ITDP – Integrated Development Programme

IWMP- Integrated Watershed Management Programme

LAMPS – Large Sized Adivasi Multipurpose Cooperative Society

MDMS- Mid Day Meal Scheme

MGNREGA- Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act




mm – Millimeter

MSK- Madhya Sikhya Kendra

N – North

NTFP- Non-timber Forest Products

PDS- Public Distribution System

PHC-Primary Health Centre

P&LM- Pregnant and Lactating Mother

PNB- Punjab National Bank

PNC- Post-Natal Care

PRA – Participatory Rural Appraisal

PRI- Panchayati Raj Institutions

PTA- Parent Teacher Association

PTG – Primitive Tribal Group

PTM- Parent Teacher Meeting

RTE- Right to Education

RSBY- Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojna

SBI-State Bank of India

SC – Scheduled Castes

SGSY- Swaranjayanti Gram Swarojgar Yojana

SHG – Self Help Group

SKC-Seva Kendra Calcutta

SKK- Seva Kendra Calcutta, Extension Kharagpur

SMC- School Management Committee

SSK- Sishu Sikhya Kendra

ST – Scheduled Tribes

UBI- United Bank of India

UNICEF- United Nations Children's Fund

UNREC- United Nations Regional Centre for Peace and Disarmament

VDC- Village Development Committee

WCD- Women's and Child Development

https://www.google.co.in/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=8&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CDIQFjAHahUKEwj_p5voqtXHAhWCkY4KHWgNAtQ&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.isn.ethz.ch%2FDigital-Library%2FOrganizations%2FDetail%2F%2F%3Fid%3D47688&ei=n1blVb_cLIKjugTomoigDQ&usg=AFQjCNFTJAnW7xhXoap_9gxnrcOLA8pjHg




1. Background of the Study Area

1.1 Location of the district

PaschimMedinipurdistrict located in the southern part of West Bengal, has been carved out from the

erstwhile Medinipur district, the then largest district of India and came into existence in the present

form on the 1st January 2002. PaschimMedinipur district which forms the southernmost district of

the Burdwan Division is situated between 21036‟35” and 22

057‟10” North latitudes and between

86033‟ 50” and 88

012‟40” East longitudes.PaschimMedinipur is bounded by Bankura district from

the northern side and PurbaMedinipur district from the south-eastern side. The southern boundary

of the district is merged with Balasore and Mayurbhanj district of Orissa and western boundary is

merged with Singbhum and east district of Jharkhand.

Fig 1. Location of the study area




1.2 Area and Administrative units

Total area of West Midnapur district is 9345 Sq. km. which ranks 2nd in terms of geographical area

where density of the population per square Km. is 633. Decennial growth rate of the district is 13.86

(2001-11) followed by sex ratio of 966(Health Report of 2013-14, Govt. of West Bengal)1which is

better than both in West Bengal (950) and India (940)2.

Administratively, PaschimMidnapur district has 4 sub-divisions, Kharagpur, MedinipurSadar,

Ghatal and Jhargram. In the urban area there are total 8 Municipalities and 29 CD blocks. Rural

area coves 8706 villages and 290 GramPanchayat, 29 PanchayatSamiti and one ZillaParisad.

1.3 Location of the study area

The study area falls under Nayagram, Narayangarh, Dantan 1 and Keshiary blocks. Dantan–I,

Narayangarh and Keshiary blocks fall under Kharagpur Sub Division and Nayagram is under

Jhargram sub division.

Fig 2: Location map (District and blocks)

1http://www.wbhealth.gov.in/medical-directory/Health%20On%20the%20March%202014.pdf

2 Census of India, 2011

District Map of West Midnapur

http://www.wbhealth.gov.in/medical-directory/Health%20On%20the%20March%202014.pdf




1.4 Geographical condition and its impact on livelihood of people3

PaschimMedinipur district represents regional diversity in terms of physiographic, agro-climatic

characteristics, economic development, social composition etc. Geomorphologically, the district can

be sub-divided into three parts, viz. Chhotonagpur Flanks with hills, mounds and rolling lands in

the westernmost part, Rahr Plain with lateritic uplands in the middle part and Alluvial plain of the

east with recent deposits. It is hilly in the north-west but represents low basins in the south-east and

east. Dense dry deciduous forest in the west is replaced by semi-aquatic vegetations of marsh lands

in the east. It has barren lateritic, nonarable lands in the west and north-west, which gradually

changes with highly productive alluvial soil areas in the central and eastern part of the district.

Almost in 2/3 part of this region, „recent alluvium‟ can be found followed by „laterite‟. Other rocks

are conglomerate, epidiorite and niche. These are hard and stony and not at all cultivable. The

portions on the east are plain and of alluvial soil but on the other side, Western portion is the eroded

part of Chhotonagpur plateau. This wavy upland descends towards east with slopes.

1.4.1 Climate

Normal rainfall in the district is around 1400 - 1500 mm. However, for the last few years, it has

been highly erratic in nature. Average temperature of the district varies widely across seasons,

varying between maximum of 39 degree Celsius and minimum 10 degree Celsius in 2006 (Table

1.1). The climate is characterized by hot summer, cold winter, abundant rainfall and humidity.

Rainfall fluctuates widely over years and concentrates over a few months of a year under monsoon.

Normal rainfall estimated over 21 years during 1994 to 2005 is 1549 mm. Even though the average

rainfall is around 1500 mm but due the porous nature of lateritic soil and the undulating

topographical condition in the north western part most of it drains away quickly resulting in rainfed

mono cropped agriculture.

1.4.2 Drought and Flood

The district suffers from frequent drought and flood. The flood prone area is about 142647

ha(Ghatal& part of Kharagpur sub-divisions). Draught prone area is about 335248 ha that falls

mostly in Jhargram and Sadar sub-divisions. With lack of assured irrigation facilities the agriculture

of the area becomes very vulnerable due to draughts affecting food security of the people living

here. Though the district does not have a coastline, it is affected frequently by the cyclones during

the months of October and November and untimely rains during April and May.

1.4.3 Forest

Total forest area of the district is 1.70 thousand sq km that comes around 14.31% of the total

geographical area of the state. Jhargram division has 80743.034 ha total forest area with 64320.00

ha of sal forest, 11000 ha f plantation and 8040 ha of open scrub forest. Khargapur division has

3District Human Development Report of PaschimMedinipur, 2011




14957.00 ha of total forest area with 4764 ha of sal, 6537 ha of plantation and 3626 ha of open

scrub forest.4

Sal and its associates form the natural vegetation especially in the northern and western part of the

district. However, there had been massive deforestation and degradation of the natural forest areas

upto early 1980‟s causing replacement of the natural forest with plantation forest of Eucalyptus and

Acacia in many places. With the emergence of Joint Forest Management program during the late

80‟s the degraded forest area of the district has been rejuvenated. Natural Sal forest acts as an

important safety net to ensure food and cash income from various Non Timber Forest Produces for

the forest fringe dwellers especially among the tribal population of the district.

1.5 General Population

Paschim Midnapur district comprises of1178342 no of households with a total population

of5348544. Among them 2721206 are male & 2627338are female. The population within the range

of 0 - 6 years is 632435 with 322426 male and 310009. Total Scheduled Caste (SC) population is

1056948, with 534448 male &522500 female. Total Scheduled Tribe (ST) Population is

859185with 429585 male& 429600 female. Total literate population is 3631985. Among them

2029289 are male & 1602696 are female. Total number of illiterate people is 1716559 with 691917

illiterate male & 1024642 illiteratefemale. Total worker populations in this district are 2312825, the

numbers of male workers are 1600408 & the numbers of female workers are 712417. Total

marginal workers are 967551 with 487200 male & 480351 Female. In this district total marginal

class populations are 134441.5

1.6 Tribal Population of the district

Tribal population contributes to 16.45% of the total population of the district. It ranks 4th in terms

of percentage of ST population in West Bengal. Majority of the tribal population in the district are

represented by Bhumij i.e. is 97543(11.09%) followed by Munda 67069 (7.62%), 'Lodha, Kheria,

Kharia51,772 (5.88%).

Out of total 453715 no. of literate Schedule tribe population male and females are 270051 and

183664 respectively. Total no. of workers are 453798 among which 255033 are male and 198765

are female. Out of total 213017main worker 34108 work as Cultivator, 143247 are Agricultural

Labourers, 4046 work in Household Industries, and 31616 works in other industries. Out of total

240781 marginal worker 14177 work as Cultivator, 193670 as Agriculture Labourers and 13125 are

work in Household Industries.

1.6 Lodha community

The Lodhas are considered as one of the largest primitive tribes in West Bengal. They are

distributed over the Western part of West Bengal, a contiguous territory of Chhoto Nagpur Plateau,

4 District Annual Plan Report 2008-09

5 Census of India, 2011




which spreads along the western border of West Medinipur. Lodhas feel pride in asserting

themselves as the Savara, a generic genn used in ancient literaturefor the forest-dwelling

communities. Actually, they are a gathering-hunting community. They are primarily food -

gathering people, who mainly subsist by collecting wild roots, tubers and edible leaves from the

forest as well as hunting wild animals, birds and reptiles, which they use as food and sell the

skin.They collect honey and faggots, Tossercocoons or gouty, from the forests and also edible roots

and tubers and small games from the same place.They sell their collections to the local people at

throwaway price and purchase some of their essentialfood articles in exchange.

The Lodha people do not have much of cultivable land of their own, though they use Khas or

government lands fordoing rudimentary agriculture.

Table 1.1 Status of the Lodha population of the district:6

District Tribe Name Total Male Female

PaschimMedinipur

Lodha, Kheria, Kharia

Total 51,772 26,267 25,505

Rural 50,966 25,859 25,107

Urban 806 408 398

*Census of India: 2011

Table 1.2 Distribution of Lodha in sample blocks7

District Block No. of

Mouza

No. of

Lodha

families

No. of

Lodha

people

Male Female

PaschimMedinipur

Narayangarh 55 3125 12099 6099 6000

Dantan-I 5 196 750 343 407

Nayagram 27 1090 4072 2054 2018

Keshiary 15 1035 4312 2173 2139

Livelihood of majority of the tribal population is agriculture laborers. With 558.70 („000 ha) of net

sown area, 379.94 („000 ha) of area under double crop and only 82.4 („000 ha) is net irrigated area8,

they get vulnerable to any kind of natural calamities or erratic climatic conditions and many of them

are forced to migrate to other districts in search of livelihood.

6 Census of India 2011; Census of India:2011 clubbed the Lodhas with the Kharias

7*Human Development Report of PaschimMidnapur, 2011

8http://agricoop.nic.in/Agriculture%20contingency%20Plan/West%20Bengal/WestBengal%2014-

Paschim%20Medinapur-31.12.2011.pdf




1.7 Child related issues

The development deficit of the area has further been aggravated by the left wing extremist

movements starting from 2000 till 2010 -11 causing frequent strikes, bloodsheds, human rights

violation and virtual closure of all development programs. The people of the area and especially the

children of the rural areas become further deprived to access the basic amenities in terms of health

and education and the livelihood security of their family was hard hit too.

It is under this challenging backdrop the Seva Kendra Calcutta (SKC) with its implementing unit at

Seva Kendra Calcutta, Extension Kharagpur (SKK) has continued their interventions in five

challenging blocks of the district in 15 Gram Panchayats with support from Indienhilfe.




2. The Project: Evolution, Aims and Objectives

2.1 Evolution of the project:

From 1980 to 2001: Philanthropic/charity based approach

The Indienhilfee.VHerrsching (IH), Germany started providing its support in the area since 1980.

The initiatives started in the form of a small donation to help the poor and deprived tribal people

of very remotely placed villages in then undivided Midnapur District. It was initiated with the

personal effort of Elisabeth Kreuz and Fr. Robert, then Parish Priest of Baligeria, more with a

philanthropic approach. It was started with by providing medical and other support. Later on

number of villages in Baligeria and Salboni was covered under the intervention.

From 2002 to 2010 - Integrated Development Project: Integrated Development Approach

Since 2002 with the formal launching of Integrated Development Project the approach has

started changing towards more structured development project mode. Under the project Basinda

was added with the existing Baligeria and Salboni units. The area covered by Integrated

Development Project has increased from five to 34 villages and finally to 72 villages, covering

five most backward blocks of the district. Dedicated staff was recruited.

The focus of the project was shifted to address the needs for improvement of Health, Education,

Savings and NRM or Natural Resource Management in the project villages for integrated

development of the villages keeping community at the centre.

From 2010 to 2014-15 - Child Centred Development Project: Process Based Approach

During 2010 -2011 a breakthrough came in the approach of the project where a child is treated as

the medium to achieve the goal of well being through development of each child of the targeted

villages by ensuring proper Health care, Quality Education, Good Nutrition and an environment

of growth with Dignity. Thus a „Child Centered Development Approach‟ (CCD) is adopted to

ensure the cyclic flow of development outcomes from the child to their family and then to the

community.

2.2 CCD Project: Goal and Objectives

The focus of the CCD project has been

i. Reduction in rate of school drop outs from class V to VIII

ii. Reducing child labor and ensuring child rights

iii. Improvement of child health and ensuring proper nutrition.




The Goal of the project was to contribute to the socio economic development of tribal

community in harmony with nature through community participation, focusing on the well being

of children from 0 -18 years in line with the Millennium Development

Goal 1 (eradicate extreme poverty and hunger),

Goal 2 (achieve universal primary education)

Goal 3 (promote gender equality and empower women)

Goal 4 ( reduce child mortality)

Goal 5 (improve maternal health) and

Goal 6 (ensure environmental sustainability)

The verifiable indicators for assessing the outcomes as set under the project9 were as follows:

- 80% of the children of age between 6 – 18 years in the target villages/hamlets are enrolled,

remain in and complete school education upto minimum class VIII standard.

- 50% reduction in child labor/drop out status measured against basic data

- 90% children in target hamlets/villages are free of severe and moderate malnutrition

- 50% reduction in child marriage and underage pregnancy

- Increased daily nutritious intake at family level

- 30% increase in income level at the family level of targeted children reflected in physical

changes in living conditions/more spending on food, education and health

The CCD project was initiated in the year 2011-12 and came to an end in June 2015.

2.3 Number of villages and population under the project

Total 30 number of villages are covered under the project. Total number of Households in these

villages is 3375 with a total population of 13586. There is 1618 number of children in these

villages under the category of 0 – 5 years of age and the number is 1486 within the range of 6-14

years of age (As per data source of staff of SKK).

9Final worked version – IHK Project Structure Plan 2011-12




2.4 Criteria for Selection of the villages

The Village Selection criteria used for initial screening of villages primarilyfocus on the number

of dropouts.

A pilot study was conducted for identification of high schools. Through survey and checking of

school registers list of drop out and irregular students were collected from the catchment area of

the school. It was followed by visits to the houses of the drop outs and the students of the

terminal grades (class 7 or lower). In case of the child who has never attended any school is also

identified and the reasons for dropouts are recorded.

Thus villages are identified from the catchment area of the school and ranking of villages is done

based on drop out and irregular students as well as presence of child labor. Selected villages are

surveyed based on certain parameters related to education, health and nutrition. Based on the

data collected 30 numbers of villages have been finally screened for intervention.

The project design is prepared keeping the child in the centre and the activities are planned for all

round development of the child starting from birth upto attaining the age of 18 through

improvement in health and nutrition, education and creating an enabling environment to lead a

dignified life.

The intervention strategies are made under three categories

(a) Assisting slow learners and ensuring quality education by providing coaching classes after

school by the animators of respective villages. Besides individual counseling of both the

parents and students and facilitation of the parents to attend PTA meeting is planned.

(b) Ensuring better health by conducting health awareness camps for parents and regular health

checkup of students in schools. Establishing nutrition garden and nutrition camps within

school premises and also in the houses.

(c) Ensuring child rights and overall development to lead a dignified life by strengthening the

existing SHGs, integration with government programs and services for food and livelihood

security.

Keeping the overall goal and objectives of the project, Annual Plan of Action has been prepared

and the activities are carried out accordingly in the project villages.

Some of the unique initiatives taken under the project are:

1. Focus upon monitoring of ICDS feeding

2. Training of the mothers and cook who prepares mid day meal in the schools on nutritious

food and healthy way of cooking

3. Nutrition Literacy among the villagers. Organize nutrition camps for malnourished children

and their mothers by expert nutritionists




4. Creation of nutrition garden in the SSK and MSKs and promotion of kitchen gardens in the

houses

5. Demonstration and random checking of food material by the SHGs to the household

(malnourished children).

6. Formation of students groups in the schools for voluntary activities

7. Providing coaching for the slow learners and other students by the SKK Animators

8. Initiation of community toilets

9. Strengthen the Samonnay committees

2.5 Project Implementation Structure

The project is implemented by Seva Kendra Kharagpur Centre with dedicated project staff.

It includes Project Coordinator supported by three Area Coordinators. Each unit ofSalboni,

Baligeria and Basinda has one Unit Supervisor and 10 village level animators.

The project is implemented at the villages with direct supervision of the Unit Supervisors.

Apart from the above there was one Accountant cum Office Assistant.

2.6 Human Resource Development

Training of the staff members especially the Animators were done to improve their skills. Training

on subject matter like Mathematics, English, Science etc and the teaching methodology as per the

prescribed system of the government are done by the school teachers.

2.7 Planning and Monitoring

Monthly planning is done at Unit level and Monthly meeting has been conducted by the coordinator

with the Unit Level staff to fix the monthly targets. Quarterly meetings were conducted at

Kharagpurfor planning, assessment and monitoring.

2.8 Establishing HR policy for the project staff

Proper appointment procedure is set for appointing the staff with clear job description, working

hours and compensation package and leave rules.

Statutory compliance is ensured by providing PF, Gratuity and Health insurance to the staff.

Yearly Performance Appraisal to decide the increments/benefits accordingly in a transparent

manner.

2.9 Regulatory process followed for financial monitoring

Activities are planned and implemented as per the approved yearly budget.




Quarterly submission of accounts to IH followed by yearly submission of Annual Report with

Accounts.

2.10 Monitoring, tracking and support for corrective actions

Regular monitoring was done by the IH staff from Kolkata and also from Germany. Based on the

field visits, feedback were provided for taking corrective actions. Interaction with the staff members

of SKC with the IH members have helped in setting a common understanding, maintain

transparency and taking corrective action.

Regular reporting and submission of quarterly, half yearly and yearly accounts had helped in

keeping the project on track.




3. The Impact Assessment Study: Objectives and Methodology

3.1 Assignment to IBRAD

Indienhilfe assigned IBRAD (Indian Institute of Bio Social Research and Development IBRAD)to

conduct an Impact Assessment study of the interventions supported by Indienhilfeunder the Child

Centred Development Project.

3.2 Objective of the study

The impact assessment study was conducted with the following objectives:

i) To understand how the project has impacted upon the life of the targeted children and

adolescents in terms of improvement in education, health, nutrition and dignity

ii) Functioning of the SHGs in CCD project villages and impact on income generating

activities in general

iii) Effectiveness of the project team in terms of creating convergence with line departments

and mainstreaming the targeted beneficiaries, with special focus on role of

Samonayprogramme

iv) Capacity building and institutional development of the partner organization.

3.3 Methodology

Considering the context and project modalities the study has been conducted to capture both the

measurable and immeasurable aspects of the project outcomes.

The approach included:

i. Review of the secondary data and information

This includes contract related documents, annual reports, internal review reports, audit

reports, previous evaluation reports, census data, published reports and papers etc.

ii. Stakeholder consultation through interviews and Focus Group Discussion

It included consultative meetings with the

- Project team of SKK

- Project partner at SKC




- Primary stakeholders at the targeted villages including the targeted children and their

parents

- Teachers of the schools that cater to the targeted children

- ICDS centres and Health centres that cater to the target villages

- Panchayat functionaries

iii. Collection of Data based on structured questionnaire

Primary data has been collected following a structured questionnaire (Please consult the

Annexure for the questionnaire).

iv. Data analysis and report generations

The collected data is analysed and the report is prepared based on both the quantitative and

qualitative data collected through the field work.

3.4 Sample Selection

Study has been conducted covering all the three units, Salboni, Basinda and Baligeria of SKK.

Total 15 villages are selected as sample for the study.

The village wise survey data of 2011-12 was analysed first to identify the villages falling under IDP

and Non IDP category and with poor performance in terms of education, health and socio economic

categories. The villages having MSKs and Community Latrines are identified within the total

villages covered.

All five Lodha villages are selected as sample. Rest 10 of the villages is selected based on the

stratified random sampling method from among the screened villages.




Table 3.1 Coverage of Sample Villages

Block Unit Gram

Panchayet

Villages

Datan-I

Salboni

Monoharpur Dalhara

Keshiyari

Lalua Kuliarh

Nachipur Belly, Julko,

Gageneswar Jhatia

Narayangarh Ranisorai Fatepur

Nayagram

Baligeria

Baranigui Chotodhansula

Barakhagri Kadamdiha

kharikamathani Baksol, Ghoratoria

Basinda

Patina

Rajbandhpara ,

Baganpara,

Canalpara,Damodorpur

Gopiballavpur-

I Alampur Chotodhankamra

Table 3.2 : Sample Size

S.No. Name of

Unit

Villages Covered Lodha

villages

Total

Household

Covered

SHGs Covered

IDP Non- IDP SGSY Non-

SGSY

1 Salboni Fatepur 10 1 1

Beli 10 1 1

Julko 10 2

Kuliar 10 1

Jhatia 10 2 2

Dolhara 10 2

2 Basinda Canalpara Y 10 1

Rajbandhpara Y 10 1

Damodorpur 10 3

Chotodhankamra 10 1

Baganpara Y 10 1

3 Baligeria Banksol Y 10 1

Ghoratoria 10 2

Kadamdiha Y 9 1

Chotodhansula 10 1

Total 9 6 149 16 9




4. Background of the Study Area: Contextualising the Issues

The study was conducted covering 15 villages and 149 households. Among the total households

covered, 90 have continued since IDP project and 59 are non IDP villages. The distribution of IDP

and non IDP respondents are presented as below:

Table 4.1 Distribution of Sample Villages in different Units

Units Name of Villages

Non IDP No of

HH

IDP No of

HH

Salboni Belly 10 Fatepur 10

Dhalhara 10 Julko 10

Kuliarh 10 Jhatia 10

Basinda Chhotadhankamara 10

Canalpara 10

Baganpara 10

Rajbandhpara 10

Damodorpur 10

Baligeria Ghoratoria 10 Banksol 10

Kadamdiha 9 Chotodhansola 10

Total 59 90

4.1 Profile of the Sample Households

Among the 149 households covered, 30 households of Basinda Unit belong to Lodha community

andrest 20 households belong to Santhal tribe.

Table 4.2 Unit wise population distribution of sample households

Name of the

Unit

Male (> 18

– 60)

Female (>

18 – 60)

Children (≤6

and below)

Children

between 6 –

18

Total

Number of

persons > 60

Total

Salboni 140 132 30 102 132 536

Basinda 115 111 49 80 129 484

Baligeria 100 79 32 57 89 357




Table 4.3 Unit wise distribution of dependent population

If we look into the Lodha community, the number of dependent population becomes 314, i.e.,

68.85% of the total population.

4.1.1 Average size of the household and children below six years of age

The average size of the household is 5.03 among the Lodhas, among the IDP villages it is 4.94 and

in Non-IDP villages it is 4.92. Household wise average no. of children below six years of age

is11.1.

4.1.2 Literacy and first generation learners

About 24.21% population of the sample households isilliterate and 10.61% can only sign their

names. Among the rest, 21.22% are literate upto upper primary level and 18.78% are literate upto

primary level. Therefore, many of the children in the sample households are first generation

learners.

4.1.3 Major sources of income

The major sources of income of the sample households in the three units namely Salboni, Basinda

and Baligeria are agriculture (85%, 58% and 56.41% respectively). But majority of them also work

as wage laborer/agriculture laborer along with their own agriculture. Only a handful of them are

engaged in petty business/trading (16.67%, 18% and 12.82% respectively) and permanent salaried

services (8.33%, 6% and 2.56% respectively). In the forest fringe villages of Basinda and Baligeria

units 34% and 43.59% of the households are engaged in non timber forest produce collection and

selling whereas in Salboni the percentage is only 3.33 of the sample household.

4.1.4 Migration

Migration is taking place in four number of villages namely Chotodhansola and Damodarpur of

Baligeria and Basinda unit respectively and Julko and Beilyof Salboni unit. In the villages of

Julko,Chotodhansola and Damodarpur, 30%of the households each have migration of the male

members.

Keeping in mind the background of the villages, the project outcome and impact are

analysedconsidering the overall goal of the project.

Unit Population between the

age group of 18 – 60

Dependent population

(age group of 0-14 &

Above 60)

% of dependent

population to the

total population

Salboni 272 356 49.23%

Basinda 226 362 53.3%

Baligeria 179 248 49.5%




5. Outcome on Education

The main goals of the project are to contribute to the socio-economic development of Adivasi

community (mainly Santhals&Lodhas) in harmony with nature through community participation,

focusing on the well-being of children from 0 to 18 years, in line with Millennium Development

Goal 1 (eradicate extreme poverty & hunger), Goal 2 (achieve universal primary education), Goal 3

(promote gender equality and empower women), Goal 4 (reduce child mortality), Goal 5 (improve

maternal health), Goal 6 (ensure environmental sustainability).

The verifiable indicators set under the education category is that

- 80% of the children of age between 6 – 18 years in the target villages/hamlets are enrolled,

remain in and complete school education upto minimum class VIII.

- 50% reduction in child labor/drop out status measured against basic data

Considering the stated objectives of the project the following areas are looked upon in details.

5.1 Education Scenario of the District and Blocks where interventions are made

To understand the impact of the project in the targeted villages the education scenario of the district

as a whole is looked upon.

The Education Index of the district is 0.72410

compared to 0.52711

for West Bengal. Though the

district has fared well in terms of attaining Education Index but within the district there remain huge

variations. The blocks under the study shows very poor performance compared to the district

figure12

:

- Education Index of Nayagramis 0.4230

- Datan-I is 0.5440

- Narayangarh is 0.5690 and

- Keshiaryis 0.5320 and

- Gopiballavpur is 0.623

10

District Human Development Report, Paschim Medinipur, 2011 11

NEUPA, 2012-13 12

District Human Development Report, Paschim Medinipur, 2011




The literacy rate of PaschimMedinipur district is 78.00 percent (Census-2011) which varies across

its constituent blocks.Out of total six blocks in the district with female literacy percentage below 50,

two are Nayagram and Gopiballavepur I.

Table 5.1 Elementary Education Status of Paschim Midnapur district13

School

Category

Total School Total Enrolment Total Teacher

Govt.

Schoo

l

Privat

e

School

UNRE

C

Govt.

School

Privat

e

School

UNRE

C

Govt.

Schoo

l

Privat

e

School

UN

REC

P only 7195 546 191 409,42

9

34,768 9,732 22,49

9

3,872 1026

P+UP 5 32 17 1,072 4,221 1,651 64 351 162

P+UP+Sec+

HS

6 6 2 4,384 3,851 256 189 207 22

UP only 570 11 12 67,286 1,136 1,273 2.182 64 62

UP+Sec+HS 491 1 7 264,02

4

0 2,630 10,64

8

20 97

P+UP+Sec 2 11 5 560 3,274 852 34 178 64

UP+Sec 235 3 8 81,535 619 2,091 3,422 39 92

Even though the level of enrolment in primary education is better in the district but the percent of

retention especially in between class V to Class VIII is poor.

5.2 Activities carried out to improve education under the project

Education is a multi-faceted and multidimensional programme.Universalization of education up to

upper primary level depends on three main attributes - universal facilities, universal enrolment and

universal retention. While it is fundamental to arrange the facilities and to ensure means of delivery

including infrastructure, supply of teaching-learning materials and the desired quality of teaching-

learning in schools, the prerequisites for universal enrolment and retention depend more on factors

beyond the boundaries of schools. These include both social and economic conditions and

conditionalities of the family of the child. Thus, the impact of any education intervention has to be

assessed in relation with the socio-economic conditions of the population.

Attaining universal education up to upper primary level is one of the main focuses of the project. To

achieve the objective it has followed structured activities in terms of

- Conducting intensive survey and identify irregular, drop out or non represented areas from the

schools.

13DEERC: 2013-14




-provision of educational support (class-VIII) by running 30 CCD Educational support centers in

the villages and hamlets with school based approach.

-continue educational support in the MSKs with priority to most deserving as found in the

survey.

-accommodate slow learners and poorer children as per recommendation of respective school

teachers in the educational support centers run by CCD at their school or nearest villages even if

they belong to non-CCD villages.

-facilitate for parent teacher meeting in the targeted schools and conduct quarterly parents

meeting of tuition centre

-provide necessary learning aids to specially needy and deserving students.

-keep a regular track with the school, regarding the regularity and performance of the child.

-regularize/mainstream at least 80% of the irregular/drop out students to formal education system

-assessment of the progress of the students in terms of subject knowledge, school exam and

grooming

-visioning workshop in every MSK for the students in class V-VIII

-campaign on the concept of “Education for all” on the 14th

of November (Children Day) by the

adolescent groups by the students of the MSKs

-organize annual sports day, quiz competition, Sit and Draw competition for all education

support centre and 29 schools including the MSKs

-organize exhibitions in at least three High schools (one from each unit) based on the theme

“Save Nature, Save Mankind”, by the senior students, where also the neighbouring schools will

participate

-initiate voluntary activity by the students (public and personal hygiene, school enrolment and

attendance in neighborhood, protection of natural environment).

SKK has worked with 27 SSKs and primary schools and six MSKs under the project.

5.3 Sample villages and unit of High Schools

The sample villages fall under the poor performing blocks of the district and also are remotely

located. The villages were selected based upon the selection criteria set as follows:

-Priority on drop outs of the children

-Child labor

-Child marriage




-providing of entitlements and Govt. facilities

The sample villages are falling under the catchment area of the three high schools as follows:

Table 5.2 : High School catchment area

Name of the

Unit

Name of the High School Name of the villages

Salbani JaykrishnaNeheruVidyaBhawan Dalhara, Beily, Julko, Jhatia, Kuliar,

Fatepur

Basinda Chamarbandh High School Chotodhankamra, Damodarpur,

Baganpara, Canalpara, Rajbadhpara

Baligeria Baligeria High School Ghoratoriya, Banksol,

Chotadhansola, Kadamdiha

5.4 Access to education

These villages have provision of presence of different types of education facilities as follows:

Table 5.3 Availability of Schools at different levels in the sample villages

Unit SSK Primary MSK Higher

Secondary

Salbani 7 4 3 1

Basinda 2 6 2 1

Baligeria 5 3 2 1

5.5 Enrolment and Retention

In general it is observed that the rate of enrolment and retention has improved and there has been

less number of dropouts. The study reveals that total no. of school going children in Salboni unit is

92 among them 50 are Boys, & 42are girls. In Basinda unit the number is 84, among them 40 are

Boys&44 are girls and in case of Baligeria unit the total number stands to 62. Among them 34are

Boys& 28are girls.

Table 5.4 : No of eligible vis a vis school going children

IDP Village

Units Name of

villages

Age between 6-18 years Total

school

going

children

%

Boys Girls Children

(6-18

years)

Salboni Fatepur 11 8 19 18 94.74

Julko 9 9 18 15 83.33

Jhatia 3 13 16 14 87.50

Total 23 30 53 47 88.68




The figure in Basinda is more than 100% as some of the students who are above 18 years of age are

also attaining school.

It has been found from the study that total no. of school going children among the villages of Lodha

community is 84 in which 27 are boys and 28 are girls. Except only one child in Chotodhankamra

village of Basinda unit, all students from the households have found studying in Govt. schools.

Table 5.5 : Enrolment if students in IDP villages

Unit Villages

Boys Girls

P UP SE HS P UP SE HS

SALBONI

Fatepur 4 4 1 1 2 5 1 0

Julko 1 3 4 0 1 2 3 1

Jhatia 3 0 4 6 1

Total 8 7 5 1 7 13 5 1

BASINDA

Canalpara 7 2 6 3

Baganpara 6 8 2

Rajbandhpara 7 3 2 7 2

Damodarpur 1 1 1 1 4 1 1

Total 21 6 3 1 25 8 1 0

Baligeria Baksol 9 1 1 4 3 1

Chotodhansola 2 5 3 2 1 1 1

Total 11 6 1 3 6 4 2 1

Basinda Canalpara 11 8 19 18 94.74

Baganpara 7 8 15 16 106.67

Rajbandhpara 9 7 16 21 131.25

Damodorpur 4 4 8 10 125.00

Total 31 27 58 65 112.07

Baligeria Banksol 12 11 23 19 82.61

Chotodhansola 8 4 12 15 125.00

Total 20 15 35 34 97.14




Table 5.6 : Enrolment if students in IDP villages

In 15 sample villages

among the three units

92children from Salboni

unit, 84chilldren from

Basinda unit and 62

fromBaligeria unit are

going to school. In case

of Basindaand

Baligeriaunit there are

more than 100%

students going to school

compared to the eligible

number of boys and

girls. This is because

sometimes children of

the age between 19-20 are also going to school and the age of the students who have taken re

admission are also high.

Only one child of Chotodhankamra village is found to be studying in a private school.

Table 5.7 Enrolment of students in Non IDP villages

Units Name of the

village

Boys Girls


Salboni

Belly 3 4 2 0 0 1 0

Dolhara 1 7 1 1 4 1 1

Kuliar 4 4 2 1 6 2

Total 8 15 5 1 5 7 3 1

Basinda Chotodhankamra 3 2 4 3 3 4

Total 3 2 4 0 3 3 4 0

Baligeria Ghoratoria 2 0 2 1 3 3

Kadamdiha 5 2 1 7 2

Total 7 2 2 2 10 5 0 0

The trend of enrolment in secondary and higher secondary level in schools is more in case of Non

IDP villages compared to IDP villages. The enrolment of girl students at secondary and Higher

secondary level at Baligeria unit is nil in case of Non IDP villages.

Units Name of villages Age between 6-18

years

Total no

of school

going

children

%

Boys Girls Total no

of

Children

(6-18

years)

Salboni Beli 8 3 11 10 90.91

Dalhara 9 9 18 16 88.89

Kuliar 9 11 20 19 95.00

Total 26 23 49 45 91.84

Basinda Chotodhankamra 10 12 22 19 86.36

Total 10 12 22 19 86.36

Baligeria Ghoratoria 4 6 10 11 110.00

Kadamdiha 6 6 12 17 141.67

Total 10 12 22 28 127.27




Table 5.8 No of eligible vis a vis school going children in Lodha village

Units Name of

villages Age between 6-18 years Total no of

school

going

children

%

Boys Girls Total no

Children

(6-18

years)

Basinda Canalpara 11 8 19 18 94.74

Baganpara 7 8 15 16 106.67

Rajbandhpara 9 7 16 21 131.25

Total 27 23 50 55 110.00

Among the Lodha community enrolment at the primary level is nearly hundred percent but the

retention upto secondary level and above is poor. The retention of girls is better at the upper

primary level compared to the boys.

5.6 Drop Out and Readmission in IDP villages

A very good relation with the teacher of the school with the animators was found in the project area.

As per the teachers the dropout rate has reduced in the villages through rigorous work of the CCD

team in the project villages. Whenever the student become absent for long time the teacher inform it

to the animator who in turn facilitate the process of taking the student back to the school. According

Table 5.9 Enrolment of Lodha Children

Units Name of the

village

Boys Girls


BASINDA Canalpara 7 2 6 3

Baganpara 6 8 2


Total 20 5 2 0 21 7 0 0




to the teachers the regular home visit by the animators has not only helped in checking the drop out

but also has helped in checking the irregularity of students.

Table 5.10 Drop Out details of the villages from IDP Project area

UNITS NAME OF VILLAGES Total No. of

HH

No. of HH having

Dropout

Children

%

SALBONI

FATEPUR 10 3

JULKO 10 3

JHATIA 10 0

TOTAL 30 6 20.00

BASINDA

CANALPARA 10 0

BAGANPARA 10 0

RAJBANDHPARA 10 0

DAMODORPUR 10 2

TOTAL 40 2 5.00

Baligeria

BANKSOL 10 1

CHOTODHANSOLA 10 1

Total 20 2 10.00

20% households in Salboni unit

for IDP project area and 40% in

Basinda unit from Non-IDP

project area have been found

where students dropped out from

school. In case of IDP project

villages specially in Salboni unit

most of the students (6.67%)

dropped their education in

primary level followed by higher

secondary level(3.33%) where

asnon IDP project area shows

maximum drop out at both

primary (50%) and higher

secondary (50%) level. In case of

Basinda unit we have seen that

the dropout rate is highest in

Higher Secondary level in case of

Primary level there is no dropout observed here.

Table 5.11Drop Out details of the villages from Non-IDP

Project area

UNITS NAME OF

VILLAGES

Total

No. of

HH

No. of HH

for Dropout

Children

%

Salboni

BELLY 10 2

DOLHARA 10 2

KULIAR 10 0

TOTAL 30 4 13.33

Basinda

CHOTODHA

NKAMRA 10 4

TOTAL 10 4 40.00

BALIGERIA

GHORATORI

A 10 1

KADAMDIH

A 9

Total 19 1 5.26




Children studying at the primary level belong to the age group between 6 to 9 years, are not in a

position to feel the need for education. Therefore, the parents need to play crucial role to motivate

their children to go through the learning process. In the study area, where a large proportion of the

adult population is both poor and illiterate or barely could write their names, it is not natural that

education becomes the priority for the parents. However, the project interventions, especially the

role of the animators could induce new demand for education among the parents.

It is interesting to found that there is no drop out in any households of the Lodha villages.

Mainstreaming and regularizing the irregular students is one of the major activities in the

school based approach, which Animators have done throughout the project.

Final Report: Impact Assessment Study of the Interventions under Child Centred Development Project of Seva Kendra Calcutta, Kharagpur Extension Centre Supported by Indienhilfe in West

Midnapore District


50 5033.33

66.67

100100 100100 100

020406080

100120

Eco

no

mic

Su

pp

ort

to

th

e fa

mily

No

inte

rest

in E

du

cati

on

Oth

ers

Eco

no

mic

Su

pp

ort

to

th

e fa

mily

No

inte

rest

in E

du

cati

on

Oth

ers

Eco

no

mic

Su

pp

ort

to

th

e fa

mily

No

inte

rest

in E

du

cati

on

Oth

ers

Primary High School Higher Secondary

Fig 5.1 Reason of Drop out in IDP villages

SALBONI

BASINDA

Baligeria

50 50 50 50

25

50

25

100100 100

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Eco

no

mic

Su

pp

ort

to

th

e fa

mily

No

inte

rest

in E

du

cati

on

Oth

ers

Eco

no

mic

Su

pp

ort

to

th

e fa

mily

No

inte

rest

in E

du

cati

on

Oth

ers

Eco

no

mic

Su

pp

ort

to

th

e fa

mily

No

inte

rest

in E

du

cati

on

Oth

ers

Primary High School Higher Secondary

Fig 5.2 Reason of Drop out in Non-IDP

villages

SALBONI

BASINDA

Baligeria

Reason of dropout:

It is interesting to note that the major driver for drop out at the Higher Secondary level is not because of economic reason but other

factors like lack of interest, health problems, fear of Maoist attack, non residential nature of school, distance of the school are the main

causes of drop out whereas in case of Salboni unit economic support to the family is contributed to the drop out. In case of Salboni

unit economic support to the family in considered as one of the important reasons for drop out at all the three levels in both IDP and

Non IDP villages.

In Ghoratoria village under Salboni unit one boy namely Saroj Bera has dropped out after IVth standard as due to the death of his

brother he had to help his father for agriculture work.

Table 5.12Gender wise division of drop outs

*Others=Health problem and family related issues

In case of Basinda and Baligeria units both male and female drop out are equal. Among girls,drop out has been found mostly in high school

level and the reason behind it is mostly due to no interest in education.

HH basis Drop out details

UNITS

NAME OF VILLAGES Total

No.

of

HH

No. of

HH for

Dropout

Children

Male Female

Salboni

Fatepur 10 3 2 1

Belly 10 2 2

Julko 10 3 2 1

Dolhara 10 1 1

Total 40 10 6 4

Basinda

Chotodhankamra 10 4 2 2

Damodorpur 10 2 1 1

Total 20 6 3 3

Baligeria

Ghoratoria 10 1 1

Banksol 10 1 1

Chotodhansola 10 1 1 1

Total 30 3 2 2

Units Villages

% of

drop

out

girls

Reason for Drop Out (in %)

Primary level

High School HS

Other

Economic

Support to family

No interest

Others

No interest

Salboni

Fatepur 33.33 100 - - - -

Julko 33.33 - - 100 - -

Dolhara 50 100 - - - -

Basinda

Chotodhan

Karma

2 - - - 100 -

Damodorpur 50 - - 100 - -

Baligeria Banksol 100 100

Chotodhansola 100 - - - 50 50




5.7 Readmission of the children

One household from Bely village & one household from Dolhara village of Salbani unit and one

household from Canalpara village of Basinda unit have been found where children were readmitted

in the school.

5.8 Children who never attended School:

Table 5.13Children who never attended School

Units Name of villages Total No. of

HH

Any children

who never attend School

% Reason

No Interest inEducation

Poor Education

Facility

Others*

Salboni Kuliar 10 1 1

Total 10 1 10 1

Basinda Canalpara 10 1 1 1

Chotodhankamra 10 1

Total 20 2 10 1 1 1

*Other=Health Problem

Very few of the students during the survey have been found who never attended school. Above

table shows that one village namly Kuliar in Salbani unit and two villages namely Canalpara and

Chotodhankamra in Basinda unit have children who never attended school and the reason behind it

also varies between the children.

5.9 Availing facilities from school

In both cases of IDP and Non-IDP villages it has been found that schools provide uniform,

scholarship, reading materials, boarding, mid day meal and bicycle to the students. Health checkup

is also done at all the schools covering IDP and Non IDP villages.

Children of Salboni unit of IDP project area and Basinda and Baligeriya unit of non-IDP project

area received school uniforms in all the sample households. Mid day meal is provided in the schools

under all three units in non-IDP project area but surprisingly in IDP project area under Basinda and

Baligeri unit it is provided in 96.67% and 73.68% schools respectively.In case of providing free

reading material, Baligeria(73.68%) unit in IDP area and Salboni(86.36%) in non-IDP area shows a

comparatively low percentage. Baligeria(36.84%) from IDP villages andin Basinda(62.50%) in

non-IDP villages students received scholarship from school but surprisingly Baligeria

(8.33%)Kadamdiha and Ghoratoria shows a very poor percentage. Only Basinda unit (50%)

of(Chotodhankamra village) non-IDP reported for receiving boarding facilities from school where

all the units of IDP area reported availing of this facility.




5.10 Role of animators

Following initiatives are taken by SKK for improvement in field of education:

retention of the students and reduce drop outs

Running Coaching Centre through appointment of animators

Awareness about the government facilities for education

More attention towards slow learners

5.10.1 Identification of drop outs

Animators regularly visited schools to identify if any children have stopped attending schools. They

checked the register book and if continuous absence of any child is found they immediately visited

their home to enquire about the reason and make the parents understand regarding the importance of

continuation of the child‟s education. This way they helped the child to get regularized in the

school.

Table 5.14 Education Facilities Availed by the Lodha Children

UNIT

S

NAME

OF

VILLAGE

S

SCHOOL

UNIFOR

M

SCHOLAR

SHIP

READING

MATERIA

L

BOARDI

NG IN

SSD

SCHOOL

MID

DAY

MEAL

BICYCLE HEALTH

CHECK UP

OTHER Tota

l

HH

Y % Y % Y % Y % Y % Y % Y % Y %

Basin

da

Canalpara 8 0 8 1 8 2 8 0 8

Baganpara 9 0 9 0 9 0 9 0 9

Rajbandhp

ara

7 3 3 1 7 2 7 1 7

Total 2

4

100.00 3 12.50 20 83.33 2 8.33 24 100 4 16.67 24 100 1 4.17 24

For providing educational support to the students animators are appointed in all the villages. They

were selected from respective villages. Animators organized tuition classes before and after school

hours for the almost all the school going children of the villages. They took care for regular

attendance of students in coaching classes by visiting their houses. Scheduled times for classes were

fixed before and after the school timing.If any children or their parents are unwilling to send their

children for school or tuition classes, animators regularly visited those houses and counselthem about

the importance of education. They also made the villagers aware about different Government

facilities. Among the sample villages total 9 no. of coaching centers were present in three of the units

comprising three each.




76.6769.57

21.74

90100.00

90.00

72.20

27.78

0.00

20.00

40.00

60.00

80.00

100.00

120.00

SKK Private

Children take

tuition (HH basis)

Fom Whom

Fig. 5.3 Tuition details of IDP

Project villages

Salboni

Basinda

Baligeria

90.0081.48

18.52

100

50.00 50

84.21

62.50

37.50

0.00

20.00

40.00

60.00

80.00

100.00

120.00

SKK Private

Children take tuition (HH basis)

Fom Whom

Fig 5.4 Tuition details of Non-IDP

Project area

Salboni

Basinda

Baligeria

5.10.2 Capacity building of slow learners

If any of the child scores low in the exam or

found a slow in learning, animators gave

more attention to that child but they did not

organize any extra classes for the children.

It is revealed that students in general in all

sample villages are taking tuition. However,

in Basindastudents from 100% of the

sample households take tuition from SKK

while in case of Baligeria and the Salboni, it

is 72.2 and 69.5 percent respectively.

In Salboni and Baligeria, in 21.74% and

27.78% households students take tuition

from private sources.

In some cases like in IDP villages (Fatepur

and Julko) in Salbani unit children take

tuition both from SKK animators and private tutors.

In case of Non IDP villages, students from

81.48% of the sample households take

tuition from SKK followed by 62.5% and

50% in cases of Baligeria and Basinda

respectively.

However, the percent of households that

send their children for private tuition is

much higher in case of non IDP villages in

Basinda and Baligeria, i.e., 50%and 37.5%

respectively.

In case of Lodha villages it is found that

children from nearly 97% of the

households take tuition and all of them are

attending SKK run tuition centres.




5.11 Changing attitude of parents

Study reveals that in both IDP and non-IDP project area, the parents of the sample households

having children are aware of the Parent Teacher Meeting (PTM) and more than 60% attend the

PTM. The percentage is highest in Salboni unit where parents from 76.67 percent of the sample

households have attended PTM, in Basinda it is 72.5% and the lowest is in Baligeria with 60%.

In terms of Number of times they have attended the meetings varied from 1 -3 in 65.22% cases and

3 – 5 in 34.78% cases in among the households in Salboni unit; 31.03% attended 1 – 3 meetings and

68.97 attended 3 – 5 meetings in Basinda unit and in case of Baligeria it is 8.33% and 91.67%

respectively. The frequency of PTM is higher in Baligeria and Basindacompred to Salboni.

Number of households attending attending PTM is 70% and above in Non IDP villages in all the

units. The frequency of meeting is between 3 – 5 times in 54.17% cases in Salboni, and 50% cases

each in Basinda and Baligeria.

It is encouraging to note that in 83.33% cases Ladha parents attend PTM and the frequency of

meeting is 3 - 5 times in 68% cases

5.12 Awareness about Right to Education

It is found from the study that parents from the households of Sablboni unit from both IDP(93.33%)

and Non-IDP(90%) area have the awareness regarding the child rights.

In Basinda unit parents of 100% households from non-IDP and 72.5% in IDP villages are aware

about the right of children.

But in Baligeriaonly 30% of IDP villages and about 55% of the non IDP villages are aware about

the child rights.

In case of Lodha households, 100% of them are aware about the right of the children.

5.13 Improvement in service delivery

In Fatepur village an incidence had happened in 2012. Two teachers of the school used to store the

rice and vegetables supplied for mid day meal in their own houses. The mid day meal was not

provided to the students. The Animator of SKK informed the villagers about the md day meal

scheme. The villagers along with the animator visited the local panchayat office and verified that

the ration was supplied regularly. They had to make the teachers confess about their wrong doings.

It was then decided that the teachers would compensate by providing the rice and vegetables to the




students and regular mid day meals would be provided. Accordingly the system became regularized

since then.

Table 5.14 Expenditure on Education

Units Name of villages No. of

HH

Unifor

m % Shoes % Copies % Other %

Salboni

Fatepur 10 2 6 8 2

Beli 10 3 7 9 6

Julko 10 6 9 9 5

Dalhara 10 6 7 8 5

Kuliar 10 5 6 9 7

Jhatia 10 1 6 7 7

Total 60 23 38.33 41 68.33 50 83.33 32 53.33

Basinda

Canalpara 10 1 7 10 7

Baganpara 10 4 10 7 6


Chotodhankamra 10 2 2 6 1

Damodorpur 10 3 7 7 2

Total 50 15 30 34 68 38 76 19 38

Baligeria

Ghoratoria 10 5 6 6 3

Banksol 10 6 7 9 4

Chotodhansola 10 4 10 10 10

Kadamdiha 9 4 1 9 1

Total 39 19 48.72 24 61.54 34 87.18 18 46.15

Grand Total 149 57 38.26 99 66.44 122 81.88 69 46.31

It is interesting to note that a higher percent of households incur expenditure on purchasing shoes

for their wards. Regular items like uniforms and copies etc are also purchased. But a substantial

number of households in all the units spend on the private tuition of the children. This shows the

lesser dependence of students on schools and in a way indicates that the quality of education

provided at school is either not upto the mark or they did not provide attention to the slow learners.

In some cases the animators of SKK are also not equipped enough to provide education to the child

above class Vth standard. In these cases they avail private tuition.


Midnapore District


*Other=tuition fees; expenditure for purchasing pen, pencils, rubber etc

The study reflects that parents in both the IDP and Non IDP villages are spending money for purchasing uniform, shoes, book copies

and some other education related materials for their children‟s education purpose. It is found that maximum number of parents

(81.88%) in both IDP and Non-IDP project area spent money for purchasing books &copies for the children. It is also found from the

study that the range of money parents spent on the education of their children are mostly between Rs. 100-500 for purchase of

uniforms and shoes. But a considerable household spend between Rs 600 – 1000 mostly for providing tuition to the students.

100-500 600-1000Above 1000

100-500 600-1000Above 1000

100-500 600-1000Above 1000

100-500 600-1000

Uniform Shoes Books & Copies Others

Salboni 60.87 39.13 0.00 82.93 14.63 2.44 66.00 14.00 20.00 62.50 37.50

Basinda 80.00 20.00 0.00 91.18 8.82 0.00 76.32 21.05 2.63 73.68 26.32

Baligeria 89.47 10.53 0.00 95.83 4.17 0.00 79.41 11.76 8.82 38.89 61.11

60.87

39.13

0.00

82.93

14.63

2.44

66.00

14.0020.00

62.50

37.50

80.00

20.00

0.00

91.18

8.82

0.00

76.32

21.05

2.63

73.68

26.32

89.47

10.53

0.00

95.83

4.170.00

79.41

11.76 8.82

38.89

61.11

0.00

20.00

40.00

60.00

80.00

100.00

120.00

Fig 5.5 Expenditure on Education

Salboni

Basinda

Baligeria




5.14 Feedback of the teachers

It is shared by the teachers of the schools that they have found changes among the students in terms

of regularity in attending schools, level of understanding and comprehension and retention of the

studies. They have appreciated the role of SKK for providing coaching classes to the students that

have helped all the students and more specifically the slow learners.

It is also shared by them and is revealed through the attendance registers too that the attendance of

girl students are more regular compared to the boys.

Teachers of Bihankuria Junior High under Basinda unit have shared that there are 13 students

studying in class VII in their school out of which there are five boys and eight girls. One boy does

not attend the class even if his name is there. The attendance of girls is more compared to boys. The

boys even if are enrolled are very irregular in attending the classes. In class VI there 27 students

with 14 girls and 13 boys and the number is 18 in class V. The number of students enrolled in class

VIII is 17. It is also shared by the teachers that regularity in attendance is higher in class V

compared to the upper classes and becomes lowest at the class VIIIth standard.

It is also alarming to note that in last three years, five Scheduled Tribe girls of this school got

married below the legal age at marriage while studying in class VIIth.

One of the problems found is that attendance of the students become irregular in higher class. In

case of any festivals likePoussankranti or Durga Puja, students become absent at least for one

month.The attendance becomes poor one week prior to the summer vacation also.

It is also found that on Wednesday and Friday the attendance becomes more in Parulia High School

as there are computer classes in these days. Students show keen interest to learn computer.

According to the teachers most of the students in primary and upper primary level come to school to

avail mid day meal.

Teachers of the schools have also expressed their concern that after closure of the coaching centres

run by the SKK students would suffer a lot. They are also concerned that as it is the mid session so

it would be more problematic for the students.

It is also reiterated by the teachers of Ghoratoria MSK. They voiced their concern that after

withdrawal of SKK students would become irregular to their studies again.

Teachers have also shared that SKK has facilitated the process of inculcating voluntarism among

the students to clean the school compound, put dustbin for garbage disposal, cleaning of the

surrounding of the tube well that they found useful.




They have also shared that with facilitation from SKK the parents of the students are taking interest

towards the study of their children. They also take the initiative to send their children to the school

and they themselves are attending PTA meetings.

All the teachers have expressed that due to intervention by the SKK the habit of the students have

changed towards attending schools. They also used to get the facilitation from SKK Animators to

regularize the students who become absentee for longer duration. Animators keep close contact

with the teachers and whenever any student becomes irregular, teachers inform the animators who

in turn visit the house of the students, talk to the parents and bring them back to school.

5.15 Feedback from the parents

Parents have developed a positive attitude towards the education of their children. Most of them are

aware about the importance of education and encourage their children to go to schools. They told

that children are becoming more attentive to their studies nowadays. Previously after returning back

from the school they used to spend long time for playing but now they attend the tuition classes

provided by the animators.

It was expressed especially by the Lodha parents that earlier their children faced lots of difficulty in

understanding the subjects due to language barrier. Books are in Bengali and the teachers also teach

in Bengali. But with the help of the animators they could now understand the studies. Animators

teach in their language and students become comfortable and get interest towards the studies. “My

child could not understand the words written in the book but now can read the book on his own”

shared Behula Nayek of Rajbandhpara village under Basinda Unit.

The parents are now taking interest to attend the meetings at school. They consider it is important to

know about the progress of their child. “I do attend the parents meeting regularly otherwise I

would not be able to know the progress of my child” shared Snehamoyee Das of Dalhara village

under Salboni Unit. It is also shared by the parents that earlier they were not regular in attending

such meetings but with facilitation from SKK they became aware and are attending the meetings

regularly.

There is also a change in gender role within the family as in most of the cases mothers are now

attending the meetings instead of the fathers. They are getting access to the education institution

and are becoming confident to take decisions about the education of their children. There is a

marked difference between the approach of the fathers and mothers in taking the feedback from the

meeting. The fathers, like Anil Singh of Jhatia village of Salboni Unit took the feedback in a more

generalized manner just to inform their wards to study seriously but in case of mothers they are

keen to know the subject wise progress of their wards, their performance in the class, results of

examination and they are approaching the Animators to help their wards for taking corrective

actions accordingly.




Mothers like Snehamoyee Das of Dalhara village also sit with their children when they study to

make them attentive towards their study. Sabitra Soren of Chotodhankamra village under Basinda

unit finishes her household jobs and cooking activities early so that she can sit with her son

studying in class VI during his study time.

They also appreciate the importance of studies as a substantial portion of their income is spent on

food and education of children. Good food and good health of children is a common need found

among the parents.

Parents are now purchasing extra kerosene oil from open market apart from the amount that she

gets from PDS for the study of her child.

Parents are not disturbing the child by engaging them to household activities or sending to the

shops etc. Sandhya Singh of Jhatia village mentioned that she make it point not to disturb Moyna

and Kabita, her daughters studying in class VIII and IX respectively, by engaging in household

activities or sending them for outside work during the time of their studies. Same is expressed by

Sunita Bhokta of Baksole village whose daughter is studying in class VI.

The aspiration of the parents towards providing higher education for their children has been found.

Putul Das of Kuliari village under Salboni unit expressed that she can even lease out her land to

ensure higher education for her girl child Pratima Das who is now studying in class VIII.

All the parents have appreciated the efforts of SKK Coaching centres. “My child became more

attentive to the studies and attends the school and tuition centres regularly. This could be achieved

with the help of SKK Animator” shared Sima Bera of Ghoratoria village under Baligeria Unit.

However some of the parents still find education as luxurious and also there are some parents who

believe that girl child must get married at an early age and according to them if child can able to

sign their name, that is sufficient for them


Midnapore District


5.16 Status compared to the baseline data

General Details Table 5.16 Comparison of Our findings with Base Line Data of Village wise

Survey 2011-12 done by SKK

Sl.no Block Villages No of drop-outs Attending SSK Attending MSK Attending HS

Base line Data

Our findings

Base line Data

Our findings

Base line Data

Our findings

Base line Data

Our findings

1 Datan Jhatia 9 25 7 0 7 28

2 Datan Dalhara 20 2 41 5 24 9 43 2

3 Keshyari Julko 12 3 18 2 12 12 29 1

4 Keshyari Kulliarh 3 27 5 14 14 10

5 Narayangarh Fatepur 2 3 3 6 22 11 15 1

6 Narayangarh Beli 9 2 5 3 5 7 3

7 Nayagram Chotodhansula 3 1 27 4 23 7 7 4

8 Nayagram Kadamdiha 16 30 12 15 4 1 1

9 Nayagram Banksole 7 1 27 13 0 6 3

10 Nayagram Ghoratoria 1 - 5 - 5 - 1

11 Nayagram Rajbandpara 2 16 14 8 7 8

12 Nayagram Baganpara 3 32 14 0 2 0

13 Nayagram Canalpara 23 31 13 6 5 1

14 Nayagram Damodorpur 1 2 22 5 38 4 6 1

15 Gopiballavpur Chotodhonkamra 6 4 22 6 8 13 38

*Our findings is on the basis of 10 Households from each villages except 9 Households from Kadamdiha

Though the base line data represents total population of the village and the sample households

covered in the study is 10 per village and nine in case of Kadamdiha but stil we could get some

interesting trend where the present data surpasses the baseline.

In case of Drop outs, the number surpasses the baseline data for the villages of Fatepur and

Damodarpur and in Chotodhankamra it has the probability to surpass the baseline data.

In Fatepur and Goratoria the number of students attending the SSKs has increased compared to the

baseline data within our sample size.

However, major changes are found in case of students attending MSKs. There is an increase in

number in Jhatia, Beli, Banksole, Ghoratoria, Baganpara and Chotodhankamra. The number is

likely to increase in Julko and Kulliarh as the data from the sample households are similar with that

of baseline data.

This can be considered as an indicator of retention of students at the upper primary level and

reduction of drop outs.

In Ghoratoria there is increase in number of students attending High School compared to the

baseline data.

5.17Limitations

Although there have been positive changes in terms of enrolment, retention, decrease in rate of drop

outs, increase in the level of awareness both among the parents and children about the importance

of education and the right of the children but still there are some gaps.

Service Delivery mechanism

The CCD coaching classes in most of the cases assumed the role of providing tuitions only in a

traditional way without application of TLM tools. It became a routine activity only. Moreover,

during the study we could not find much evidences on how the slow learners are provided with

special care.

Capacity of the service providers

In many cases Animators though are motivated and dedicated towards their works but lack the

capacity to train the students beyond class Vth standard.

Retention and Drop out

Universal attainment of education up to upper primary level and elimination of dropout is not yet

achieved. Though it was very difficult to get the actual number of drop outs from the school as

teachers did not want to reveal it due to various reasons, it was exposed from the school attendance

registers. The boys become irregular from class six onwards &in many cases become a wage earner

for their family. Some girls get married early and this becomes a barrier for their education.

Final Report: Impact Assessment Study of the Interventions Supported by Indienhilfe in West Midnapore District

Submitted by: IBRAD (Indian Institute of Bio-Social Research & Development P A G E 48

Students in all most all the cases become irregular during festive seasons.It has also been observed

that girls are regular in school but boys are more irregular, and this irregularity increase, when they

are in higher class.

Withdrawal Strategy

A sustainable project withdrawal strategy was not in place. The withdrawal of the project in the mid

session has landed up the students and their parents at a loss. It was also felt that the students and

parents have become too much dependent on CCD coaching centres but it did not have any plan on

how to continue when the project is withdrawn. Instead of adopting a project based approach it

continued in a kind of charitable activities.

5.18 Overall Achievement

The project has contributed in terms of creating a complementary service delivery mechanism to

support the education requirements of the children of the project villages.

It has also facilitated the process of integrating parents with the schools and facilitated the process

of community engagement. This is going to yield positive results in the long run to improve the

service delivery mechanism at the schools and also to make the parents attentive towards the

education of their wards.

Creating the demand for education and increasing the aspiration to go for higher education among

the parents and students is another achievement of the project cutting across the social and

economic barriers.

Though it was not a stated agenda of the project but it has an indirect impact on changing gender

role and social construct towards the women and girls within family and society. The girls are now

spared from the household jobs and responsibilities in many cases to concentrate on studies.

Mothers are attending schools for PTA and taking active decision making role towards the

education of their children. They are also eagerly spending time with their children during their

study time. This is considered by the study team as one of the great achievements of the project.

Such changes in the attitudinal level and social relations would certainly provide positive results in

other spheres of development too.



Students during coaching classes conducted by the animators in

Ghoratoria high Schhol

Students of class VI in Parulia High School

Students arrange themselves in a array of line for mid day meal in

Chotokhakri MSK

In Rajbandhpara village children

on the way towards their home for

taking mid day meal from AWC



Health Report card of the Student of class

V in Ghoratoria MSK

Attendance Register of students from

Class V to VIII in Parulia high

School

Sishu sikhya Kendra at Ghoratoria

village

Animator teaches the students in

SKK coaching center in Salboni Unit



6. Outcome on Health and Nutrition

The project has stated objectives of reducing malnutrition among the children and improve

health status of children, adolescent and women.

6.1 Contextual Analysis of the Government Policy and Strategies towards public health and

nutrition management issues

The availability of health centres in the district and the sample blocks are assessed through

Census data. According to the health report of Govt. of West Bengal 2013-14 out of total 84

Primary health center in the district three are present in Nayagram,Narayangarh and

Keshiaryblocks and two in Datan block.

As per Census 2011, children under 0-6 age group in West Midnapur district is 685012, which is

11.58% of the total population, among which 349031are male children and 335981 are female

children. In the district 8559 no. of Anganwaricentres are providing Pre-school education for 21+

days in a month, in which 113658 boys and 111035 girls are getting benefits from these schemes.

In case of reporting live birth, 5817 are reported in the total no. of AWCs followed by 90 no. of

deaths among 0-1 year, and 24 among 1-5 years.

Since the eleventh plan period the ICDS provide the following services for the programme to be

effective: (i) supplementary nutrition, (ii) immunization, (iii) health check-ups, (iv) health and

nutrition education, (v) referral services, and (vi) non-formal pre-school education (Planning

Commission, 2008). In accordance with the revised feeding & nutrition norms issued by the

Ministry of WCD, the AnganwadiCentres continue to provide morning snacks, hot-cooked meal

and Take Home Rations (THR) to children and pregnant and lactating women.

Table 6.1 The scheme aims at providing a package of following inter related services:

Services Target group

Immunization Children below 6, Pregnant and Lactating Mother (P&LM)

Health Check up Children below 6 years, Pregnant and Lactating Mother

(P&LM)

Referral Service Children below 6 years, Pregnant and Lactating Mother

(P&LM)

Pre - school education Children 3-6 years

Nutrition and health education Women (15-45 years)

Consolidated Progress report of ICDS in West Bengal, 2014 shows that among the 8372 no. of

Anganwaris, 8344 Anganwaris provide Supplementary Nutrition Program for 21+ days a month,

in which 240519 no. of beneficiaries under 0-3 year, 224602 under 3-6 years, 99493 no. of

pregnant and lactating mother are benefitted from this program. On the other hand of the



nutritional status of the district, 300364 reported as normal children, 111956 as Gr-I, 4105 are

grade III and IV and 416425 reported as total no. of children weighted.14

6.2 State’s NutritionPolicy

The West Bengal State Nutrition Strategy 2008-17 formulated in 2007 under HSDI looks at

comprehensive development of child nutrition status in the state holistically. The strategy was

developed under DFID support to DWCD&SW, GoWB with technical inputs by development

support partners of GoWB - UNICEF and CARE. It focuses on the cohort of 9 months of

pregnancy period of a woman to 24 months of age of a child to address the issue of under

nutrition, and calls for improved convergence with other line departments specially Health and

PRI.

Table 6.2 Indicators in the development in Health for the blocks of Paschim Midnaporee

District15

Sub-division

Block % of Malnourished

Children

100-% of Malnutrition

% of Full Immunisation

% of Persons having 2

and sometimes < 2 meals per day

100 - % of Adult

Malnutrition

Jhargram Nayagram 51.92 48.08 67.33 80.30 19.70 Gopiballavpur-I 35.97 64.03 84.58 63.76 36.24

Kharagpur Dantan-I 40.33 59.67 75.12 56.84 43.16

Keshiary 58.20 73.72 64.75 35.25

Narayangarh 34.98 65.02 86.68 53.64 46.36

6.3 Findings from sample villages

The findings of the study show that there has been improvement in the health and nutrition

status.

6.4 Immunization of children

Immunization of children for DPT, Polio, BCG and measles are good but for hepatitis the

performance is poor except in case of IDP villages in Baligeria. Immunization status in

Baligeriais 100% in case of IDP villages.

14

Health Report of 2013-14, Govt. of West Bengal:http://www.wbhealth.gov.in/medical-directory/Health%20On%20the%20March%202014.pdf).





Units Name of

Villages Total

Household No. of childre

n between 0-6 years

Table 6.3 Immunization coverage of children in IDP Project Area

DPT

% Polio % Measles % BCG % Hepatitis %

Salboni Fatepur 10 4 4 100 4 100 4 100 4 100 4 100

Julko 10 5 5 100 5 100 5 100 5 100 2 40

Jhatia 10 6 5 83.33 5 83.33 5 83.33 5 83.33 3 50

Total 30 15 14 93.33 14 93.33 14 93.33 14 93.33 9 60.00

Basinda Canalpara 10 10 10 100 8 80 8 100 10 100 8 80

Baganpara 10 15 15 100 15 100 15 100 14 93.33 14 93.33

Rajbandhpara 10 11 10 90.9 10 90.9 10 90.9 10 90.9 0 0

Damodarpur 10 9 9 100 6 66.66 8 88.88 9 100 9 100

Total 40 45 44 97.78 39 86.67 41 91.11 43 95.56 31 68.89

Baligeria Banksol 10 10 10 100 10 100 10 100 10 100 10 100

Chhotadhansol 10 4 4 100 4 100 4 100 4 100 4 100

Total 20 14 14 100 14 100 14 100 14 100 14 100



Units Name of Villages Total Household

No. of children betwee

n 0-6 years

Table 6.4 Immunization coverage of children in Non-IDP Project Area

DPT % Polio % Measles % BCG % Hepatitis %

Salboni Belly 10 8 8 100 8 100 8 100 8 100 3 37.5

Dhalhara 10 5 5 100 5 100 5 100 5 100 2 40

Kuliarh 10 2 2 100 2 100 2 100 2 100 2 100

Total 30 15 15 100 15 100 15 100 15 100 7 46.67

Basinda Chhotadhankamara 10 4 3 75 3 75 3 75 3 75 2 50

Total 10 4 3 75 3 75 3 75 3 75 2 50

Baligeria Ghorataria 10 8 8 100 8 100 6 75 8 100 6 75

Kadamdiha 9 10 7 70 7 70 7 70 7 70 7 70

Total 19 18 15 83.33 15 83.33 13 72.22 15 83.33 13 72.22

Health camps are conducted twice in a year by the school health committee. Awareness is created through these camps. Students diagnosed

with ailments are also treated and provided with medicine.

SKK animators help in organizing the health camps by arranging the health staff and doctors, informing villagers, ensuring participation in the

camps etc.

School Health checkups are organized at primary, upper primary and high school level. Each student is having a health card to monitor their

health status.

The common diseases found are cold, cough and fever that are treated mostly by traditional medicines. In Basinda skin diseases and stomach

aches are also common.



No case of death of child or pregnancy relateddeath of mothers were reported in last five years.

Total no. of ICDS found in the project area of SKK is 27.

Children attending Anganwari:

Table 6.5 Children attending Anganwari (IDP Project Area)

Units Name of villages

No. of Children between 0-5 years

Total no. of children

going to ICDS

% children take home the cooked food to

home

Spot feeding

Total no of

Children

Boys Girls YES % YES %

Salboni Fatepur 3 2 1 3 3

Julko 4 1 3 2 2

Jhatia 4 4 0 2 0 2

Total 11 7 4 7 63.64 5 71.43 2 28.57

Basinda Canalpara 7 2 3 6 4 2

Baganpara 13 8 5 12 9 3

Rajbandhpara 9 6 3 6 1 5

Damodorpur 9 6 3 7 6 1

Total 38 22 14 31 81.58 20 64.52 11 35.48

Baligeria Banksol 6 5 1 4 4

Chotodhansola 3 3 0 1 1

Total 9 8 1 5 55.56 5 100 0 0



Table 6.6 Children attending Anganwari (Non-IDP Project Area)

Units Name of villages Age between 0-5 years Total no. of

children going to

ICDS

% children take home the cooked food to

home

Spot feeding

Total no of Children

Boys Girls YES % YES %

Salboni Beli 7 4 3 5 5 100 0 0

Dalhara 4 2 2 4 2 50 2 50

Kuliar 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 100

Total 12 7 5 10 83.33 7 70 3 30

Basinda Chotodhankamra 2 2 0 1 0 0 1 100

Total 2 2 0 1 50 0 0 1 100

Baligeria Ghoratoria 7 6 1 4 4 100 0 0

Kadamdiha 10 5 5 3 3 100 0 0

Total 17 11 6 7 41.18 7 100 0 0

Status of spot feeding is very less in number except in Chotodhankamra in Basinda unit and Kuliar in Salboni unit. Whereas 100% of the

children take food to home in case of Beli, Fatepur and Julko in Salboni unit, Ghoratoria, Kadamdiha, Banksole and Chotodhansila in Baligeria

unit. The rate of spot feeding is comparatively higher in Basinda unit. In Rajbandhpara, it is found that some elder members of the family

accompany the children and feed them.

According to the ICDS workers and the parents too as the children could not eat themselves and waste the food they are allowed to take the

food home. The wastage is controlled as the extra portion is consumed by other members in the family. But at a closer look it was found that

the ICDS is open for about two hours from 8.00 a.m. to 10.00 a.m. But the food preparation and distribution is done by 9.00 a.m. The food is

cooked and distributed. Children come for about half an hour only to collect the food. Spot feeding involves longer



duration of stay for the workers and it associated services. The practice is that the elder members

of the family accompany the children with food container and carry the food back home. The

food is consumed by other members of the family too. During the visit of the study in none of the

villages it was found that the ICDS centre is open at 10.00 a.m.

Mothers Meetings are held at ICDS centre once in every two months. The issue of child‟s health,

immunization etc are shared with the mothers.

6.5 Status of Malnutrition

Malnourished children are found in Ghoratoria (2 no.s) and one in Rajbandhpara.

Following are the number of the adolescent girls who are provided with IFA tablets:

Table 6.7 Adolescents girls provided with IFA tablets

UNITS NAME OF VILLAGES Adult girl taking IFA Tablets (on HH basis)

Total No. of HH

No. %

Salboni

Fatepur 2 20 10

Belly 0 0 10

Julko 2 20 10

Dolhara 0 0 10

Kuliar 0 0 10

Jhatia 2 20 10

Total 6 10 60

Basinda

Canalpara 0 0 10

Baganpara 1 10 10

Rajbandhpara 1 10 10

Chotodhankamra 2 20 10

Damodorpur 0 0 10

Total 4 8 50

Balgeria

Ghoratoria 0 0 10

Banksol 0 0 10

Chotodhansola 0 0 10

Kadamdiha 1 10 9

Total 1 2.56 39

To combat malnutrition, kitchen garden is promoted in the household to ensure supply of green

and leafy vegetables in their food.



Table 6.8 Kitchen Garden in the Project Area

Total no. of kitchen gardens promoted in the project area of SKK are 1009.

The household members have shared that they are immensely benefitted through this kitchen

garden as they could raise the vegetables themselves and thereby save the expenditure towards

purchase of vegetables.

Normally they raise different kind of seasonal vegetables like pumpkin, brinjal, ladies finger,

lemon, green leafy vegetables etc.

Nutrition gardens are created in the schools, both at SSKs and MSKs. SKK has facilitated with

the idea and some seeds are provided for the first time to initiate the gardens. Such nutrition

gardens are created in 30 SSKs and 6 MSKs. The same kinds of vegetables as mentioned above

are grown in the school gardens too. Schools have provided boundary to the garden and watering

is being done by the students. The vegetables for mid day meal is procured from the garden.

Maximum upto one Kg – two kgs of vegetables are harvested per season in one cycle.

6.6 Mother’s health

Ensuring safe delivery through immunization, nutrition management, institutional deliveries,

proper ANC and PNC is essential pre requisites to give birth to a healthy baby and ensure good

health of the mother too.

IDP Project villages Non IDP Project Villages

Units Name of villages

Total No. of HH

Having kitchen garden

% Name of villages Total HH

Having kitchen garden

%

Salboni Fatepur 10 4 40.00 Belly 10 2 20.00

Julko 10 6 60.00 Dolhara 10 9 90.00

Jhatia 10 7 70.00 Kuliar 10 4 40.00

Total 30 17 56.67 Total 30 15 50.00

Basinda Canalpara 10 3 30.00 Chotodhankamra 10 7 70.00

Baganpara 10 6 60.00

Rajbandhpara 10 7 70.00

Damodorpur 10 6 60.00

Total 40 22 55.00 Total 10 7 70.00

Baligeria Banksol 10 6 60.00 Banksol 10 6 60.00

Chotodhansola 10 4 40.00 Chotodhansola 10 4 40.00

Total 20 10 50.00 Total 20 10 50.00



100 95.65

44.44

9082.61

44.44

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Fig:6.1 IDP Project Area

Under gone three anti-natal check up

Post natal check-up after delivery

100 100

57.14

90.91100

85.71

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Fig:6.2Non-IDP Project Area

Under gone three anti-natal check up

Post natal check-up after delivery

- Table 6.9 Immunization statuses of pregnant women

The immunization of pregnant women is very good with 100% coverage.

Ante natal and Pre Natal check ups

IDP Villages


No. of HH had

Pregnant Women

Received of three doses of

TT

Salboni

Fatepur 2 2

Julko 3 3

Jhatia 5 5

Total 10 10

Basinda

Canalpara 2 2

Baganpara 10 10

Rajbandhpara 5 5

Damodarpur 6 6

Total 23 23

Baligeria Banksol 6 6

Chhotadhansol 3 3

Total 9 9

Non IDP Villages


No. of HH had

Pregnant Women

Received three

doses of TT

Salboni

Belly 5 5

Dhalhara 5 5

Kuliarh 1 1

Total 11 11

Basinda Chhotadhankamara

1 1

Total 1 1

Baligeria Ghorataria 4 4

Kadamdiha 3 3

Total 7 7



Both Ante Natal and Post Natal check up is poor in Baligeria unit.

The percentage of assisted home delivery is the highest in Baligeria. Due to inaccessibility and

communication problem they could not get transportation on time to reach to the hospital. Hence

they prefer home deliveries. It is also very high among the Lodha villages. As Lodha community

had faced humiliation from the outsiders and a negative stereotype is attached to them, they do

not feel comfortable to access hospitals for institutional delivery and the seniors in the family

also do not encourage institutional delivery. As a result the ANC and PNC coverage is also low

in Baligeria.

PHCAssisted

home delivery

PHCAssisted

home delivery

PHCAssisted

home delivery

IDP Non-IDP Lodha

Salboni 70.00 30.00 90.91 9.09

Basinda 39.13 65.22 100.00 0.00 29.41 76.47

Baligeria 22.22 77.78 57.14 42.86

70.00

30.00

90.91

9.09

39.13

65.22

100.00

0.00

29.41

76.47

22.22

77.78

57.14

42.86

0.00

20.00

40.00

60.00

80.00

100.00

120.00

Fg:6.3 Place of Delivery

Salboni

Basinda

Baligeria



Below 18

18-25 26-3030

AboveBelow

1818-25 26-30

30 Above

IDP Non-IDP

Salbonai 30.00 50.00 10.00 10.00 72.73 18.18 9.09

Basinda 0.00 78.26 21.74 0.00 100.0 0.00 0.00 0.00

Baligeria 0.00 88.89 11.11 0.00 0.00 85.71 14.29 0.00

30.00

50.00

10.00 10.00

72.73

18.18

9.09

0.00

78.26

21.74

0.00

100.00

0.00 0.00 0.000.00

88.89

11.11

0.00 0.00

85.71

14.29

0.000.00

20.00

40.00

60.00

80.00

100.00

120.00

Fig: 6.5 Age of Pregnancy

Salbonai

Basinda

Baligeria

6.7 Take home ration

The percent of women taking Take Home Ration is very less in Baligeria. The ICDS service in

general is poor in Baligeria both in terms of spot feeding and distribution of Take Home Ration.

6.8 Age of pregnancy and number of pregnancy

IDP Non-IDP Lodha

Salboni 100.00 100.00

Basinda 95.65 100.00 94.12

Baligeria 44.44 57.14

100.00 100.0095.65 100.0094.12

44.4457.14

0.00

20.00

40.00

60.00

80.00

100.00

120.00

Fig:6.4 Take home ration

Salboni

Basinda

Baligeria



OnceTwice

Thrice More OnceTwice

Thrice More

IDP Non-IDP

Salbonai 30.00 40.00 30.00 0.00 18.18 72.73 9.09 0.00

Basinda 17.39 43.48 21.74 17.39 100.0 0.00 0.00 0.00

Baligeria 11.11 44.44 22.22 22.22 42.86 14.29 28.57 14.29

30.00

40.00

30.00

0.00

18.18

72.73

9.09

0.00

17.39

43.48

21.7417.39

100.00

0.00 0.00 0.00

11.11

44.44

22.22 22.22

42.86

14.29

28.57

14.29

0.00

20.00

40.00

60.00

80.00

100.00

120.00 Fig: 6.6 Number of Pregnancy

Salbonai

Basinda

Baligeria

It is a concern to note that in Basinda, in 100% cases the age of pregnancy is below 18 in Non

IDP villages.

Table 6.10 Age at Marriage

Though the age at marriage has increased but still there are incidences where there has been

marriage below the legal age.

UNITS NAME OF VILLAGES Age at Marriage

13-15 16-18 TOTAL

SALBONI JULKO 1 2 3

KULIAR 0 1 1

Basinda

BAGANPARA 1 0 1

RAJBANDHPARA 1 0 1

CHOTODHANKAMRA 1 0 1

BALIGERIA GHORATORIA 2 1 3

CHOTODHANSOLA 0 1 1



In most of the cases parents prefer marrying their girls at an early age due to economic crisis.

Kalpana Singh of Julko village had to marry her daughter at the age of 15 as she had lost her

husband and her economic condition became instable. Due to feeling of insecurity she married her

daughter to ensure a secured future for her. Same situation has prevailed for Rani Mandi of

Chotodhankamra village who married her daughter at the age of 14. Her husband is handicapped

and she has two more daughters to get married. Under the circumstances she choose to marry her

first daughter at a lower age.

On the other hand in Baganpara and Rajbandhpara parents shared that the girls had love marriage.

They did not have any interest in pursuing education.



6.11 Base line data vis a vis the present findings

Block Villages No of malnourished child

No of Home deliveries

No of Institutional

deliveries

No of Sanitations No of Nutrition garden

Base line Data

Our Findings

Base line Data

Our Findings

Base line Data

Our Findings

Base line Data

Our Findings

(HH basis)

Base line Data

Our Findings

(HH basis)

Datan Jhatia 2 - 4 2 17 3 0 - 27 7

Dalhara 1 - 4 - 28 5 65 - 22 9

Keshyari Julko 0 - 10 - 15 3 21 40 6

Kulliarh 1 - 10 - 13 1 20 - 18 4

Narayangarh Fatepur 0 - 2 1 14 1 33 3 25 4

Beli 0 - 0 1 2 4 1 3 6 2

Nayagram Chotodhansula 0 - 4 1 3 2 28 2 31 4

Kadamdiha 0 - 15 3 0 - 0 - 21 6

Banksole 0 - 8 6 0 - 3 - 34 6

Ghoratoria 2 - - 4 - - 5

Rajbandpara 0 1 0 2 1 2 22 - 22 7

Baganpara 5 - 3 1 0 9 0 1 50 6

Canalpara 8 - 10 2 7 2 5 - 45 3

Damodorpur 0 - 4 2 3 4 10 1 40 6

Gopiballavpur Chotodhonkamra 5 - 10 - 20 1 0 - 35 7

*Our findings were based on out of total 10 households, except Kadamdiha where total no. of households were 9



It is found that in Bely, Ghoratoria, Baganpara and Damodarpur number of institutional deliveries have

increased in comparison to the baseline data of 2010-11. The number of sanitation facilities has also

improved in Bely and Baganpara. In Ghoratoria, nutrition garden that were not present during the baseline

survey has also been initiated.

But except in Fatepur, Beli, Chotodhasula, Bagapara and Damodarpur where only 10 households out of 50

sample households having started using sanitation facilities, there has been no change in terms of using

sanitation facilities among sample households in other villages.

But it is a concern that in Beli and Rajbandhpara where there were no incidence of home deliveries during

the baseline survey, we could find cases among the sample households during our study. Out of 15 sample

villages home deliveries are found among 10 villageswith 21 households.

While there was no malnourished child in Ghoratoria and Rajbandhpara during baseline study, in the sample

households two and one number of malnourished childrenare found respectively.



Kitchen Garden in the villages namely Rajbandhpara, Ghoratoria and Baganpara villages

Different Health facilities provided to the pregnant mothers.



Nutrition Garden in Ghoratoria MSK School

Stock Register copy of Nutrition Garden

maintained by animators of SKK in

Ghoratoria village

An 18 years old young woman having a six

months old child in Ghoratoria village

One of the malnourished children found

in Ghorotoria village in Baligeria Unit



7. Outcome on Livelihood

Though the CCD project does not have a primary focus on livelihood development activities but the stated purpose and objectives of the

project in terms of improving living condition of the under privileged children, reduce the rate of malnourishment, attaining two meals a day

and leading a dignified life cannot be achieved without addressing the issue of livelihood. The SHGs formed under IDP project are

integrated in this project too as the family unit of the targeted children.

7.1 Livelihood Scenario at the District Level

Primary Source of livelihood in the district is agriculture. Total number of workers in the district is 78782 among which 46643 are male and

32139 are female. Out of total 22155 main workers, 5538 work as Cultivator, 9306 are Agricultural Laborers and 894 work in Household

Industries. Out of total 56627 marginal workers, 5295 work as Cultivator, 21317 as Agriculture Laborers, 4036 are work in Household

Industries. Agriculture labors and cultivators constitute the main work force.

Table 7.1 Status of Workers in the sample blocks

Blocks Total

Workers

Total Workers (Male)

Total Workers (Female)

Main Worker Marginal Worker Non worke

rs Total Main

Workers

Main Cultivators

Main Agri

Labours

Main Household industry workers

Main other

workers

Total Marginal workers

Marginal cultivators

Marginal Agri

Labours

Marginal Household

industry workers

Marginal

Others

Narayangarh 135367 90501 44866 75950 23885 31455 2502 18108 59417 6993 41066 4650 6708 167253

Keshiary 67273 44045 23228 32812 9633 15417 1037 6725 34461 4108 27480 822 2051 81987 Nayagram 70054 40621 29433 31089 8531 13486 3009 6063 38965 3527 22897 9361 3180 72145 Dantan - I 63504 49303 14201 33319 11409 11192 778 9940 30185 3357 21483 1076 4269 10860

3 Gopiballavpur - I

46985 30991 15994 24800 6900 12802 537 4561 22185 2282 15940 1037 2926 61269

Census of India 2011



Table 7.2 Employment Generated During The financial Year 2014-2015 Block Panchayat HH issued job cards No. of HH Provided

Employment

EMP.

Provided

No. of Person days generated

SCs STs Others Total SCs STs Others Total No. of

Women

SCs STs Others Total Women

Narayangarh Ranisarai 383 1197 1310 2890 279 681 808 1768 1275 6693 14554 16684 37931 18731

Total 8122 12694 30524 51340 5820 6953 21036 33809 16312 202602 199447 668953 1071002 328478

Keshiary Gaganeswar 552 1454 1225 3231 336 868 751 1955 1196 8734 20718 22683 52135 17727

Lalua 1050 726 1223 2999 600 403 626 1629 1280 28517 17594 26344 72455 31346

Nachipur 570 711 2129 3410 298 368 1202 1868 889 6179 9070 26897 42146 13134

Total 6575 9296 11261 27132 3720 4832 6154 14706 9119 121000 136139 191542 448681 166730

Nayagram Kharikamathani 253 752 3046 4051 214 578 2528 3320 2689 10736 28852 146555 186143 93606

Barakhakri 452 836 1238 2526 289 524 839 1652 980 11476 28907 39138 79521 26381

Baranegui 569 743 754 2066 462 558 567 1587 1248 30525 39842 36462 106829 40153

Patina 355 715 939 2009 176 588 586 1350 921 7871 30455 28665 66991 24094

Total 4024 7638 18133 29795 2745 5452 12990 21187 15469 126754 272423 603878 1003055 407634

Dantan-i Monoharpur 465 958 2000 3423 328 517 1480 2325 1401 13018 14509 55277 82804 28604

Total 5973 5647 19298 30918 4315 3465 12206 19986 8622 124276 82328 353809 560413 170475

Gopiballavpur-I Alampur 403 285 1813 2501 274 241 1063 1578 719 11496 15559 43556 70611 19714

Total 9412 10386 12764 32562 3299 4207 4572 12078 7076 122311 142503 173746 438560 151042

Source:Official website ofMahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act http://www.nrega.nic.in/netnrega/home.aspx

Total 89, 688 households are provided with job in the year 2014 -15, of which 20702 are tribal households (23.08% of the total households. It

generated 3083151 person days with 690337 person days for the tribals (22.39%).

As these covers our sample villages, the households got the benefit of getting jobs under the scheme as well.

http://www.nrega.nic.in/

http://www.nrega.nic.in/netnrega/home.aspx



7.2 Different Sources of Income:

In the sample villages the different sources of income includes agriculture, agriculture labor, wage labor, Non Timber Forest Produce

collection, petty business, income from SHGs etc.

Table 7.3 Different sources of income among IDP and Non IDP Villages (% of Households)

Unit Only

Agriculture

Agriculture

+Wage Only Wage

Agri wage

+NTFP

Wage

+NTFP SHG Agri+SHG Agri+Wage+SHG Others

IDP Non

IDP IDP

Non

IDP IDP

Non

IDP IDP

Non

IDP IDP

Non

IDP IDP

Non

IDP IDP

Non

IDP IDP Non IDP IDP

Non

IDP

Salboni 3.33 16.67 70.00 53.33

10.0

0 3.33 0.00 3.33 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.33 0.00 10.00 0.00 6.67

16.6

7 6.67

Basinda 2.5 10 15 0 7.5 0 32.5 30 15 0 7.5 0 0 0 0 40 12.5 20

Baligeria 0.00 5.26 5.00 21.05

10.0

0

36.8

4

55.0

0

31.5

8 20 5.26 0 0 0 0 0 0

10.0

0 5.26

* included as the source of income with combinations of Agri+ wage+ SHG+NTFP/ Wage+ NTFP+ SHG/ NTFP+ Salaried service/Salaryand

Contract

Agriculture with wage constitutes the major sources of income in Salboni unit while agriculture wage coupled with NTFP contributes as major

source of income in Baligeria and Basinda units. NTFP provides a buffer for income. Some of the households have their own petty business,

sell fish and have their own grocery shop. Income from SHGs coupled with agriculture and wage is contributing to the total family income of

6.67% and 40% households in Salboni and Basinda units respectively.

7.2.1 Diversification of sources of income among the Lodha

The major source of income for the lodha community is wage as 63.3% of the households are engaged as wage laborers. It is followed by

NTFP collection (Sal leaves, babui grass, mushroom etc) and sell by 46.67% household. Two of the households have salaried persons, one

works as a driver and the other in a factory, while petty business is carried out by 13.33% of the households. Some of them also sell the

domestic animals like goats and cows. One person is engaged to look after the cowherds and one of them sells fish in the market.



In Basinda unit only one family in Damodarpur and three families in Rajbandhpara have children

below the age of 14 engaged in forest produces collection.

Table 7.4 Earning members in the family

Units Name of Villages Total

family

members

Total Earning Member (on No. basis) Total

non

workers Male % Female % Total

Salboni Fatepur 47 10 11 21 26

Belly 51 11 6 17 34

Julko 51 12 5 17 34

Dhalhara 45 13 6 19 26

Kuliarh 46 11 8 19 27

Jhatia 46 11 4 15 31

Total 286 68 62.96 40 37.04 108 178

Basinda Canalpara 52 14 7 21 31

Baganpara 51 10 5 15 36


Chhotadhankamara 56 13 10 23 33

Damodarpur 57 15 3 18 39

Total 264 62 66.67 31 33.33 93 171

Baligeria Ghorataria 46 12 4 16 30

Banksol 46 9 8 17 29

Chhotadhansol 47 13 6 19 28

Kadamdiha 46 10 9 19 27

Total 185 44 61.97 27 38.03 71 114

Out of the total number of members in the family, percent share of earning members are quite

low. In Salboni unit 62.23% is non worker, in Basinda unit it is 64.77% and in Baligeria the

percent of non workers is 61.62%.

The gender wise distribution also shows less participation of women as earning member of the

family in Basinda (33.33%) and Baligeria (38.03%) units.



Table 7.5 Earning members in Lodha families:-

Name of

villages

Total Earning Member (on No. basis)

Male % Female % Total

Basinda

Canalpara 14

7

21

Baganpara 10 5 15

Rajbandhpara 10 6 16

Total 34 65.38 18 34.61 52

With such a higher share of dependent population and unskilled wage based sources of income

has made the situation vulnerable for the people of the area.

Table 7.6 Number of members in the households having jobs for less than 6

months a year

Units Name of villages No of members engaged for

<6 months in a year

Total Earning

member in

the family

Male Female

Salboni Fatepur 2 9 21

Belly 3 9 17

Julko 5 6 17

Dolhara 0 0 19

Kuliar 2 8 19

Jhatia 0 0 15

Total 12 32 108

Basinda Canalpara 0 0 21

Baganpara 0 8 15

Rajbandhpara 0 4 16

Chotodhankamra 1 10 23

Damodorpur 4 10 18

Total 5 32 93

Baligeria Ghoratoria 5 3 16

Banksol 1 2 17

Chotodhansola 0 0 19

Kadamdiha 0 6 19

Total 6 11 71



In Salboni unit 40.74% of the total earning members have less than six months of income

sources per year. In case of Basinda it is 39.78% and in Baligeria the percent is 23.94. It is also

evident that compared to men, more women are getting jobs less than six months a year.

These people mostly work as agricultural wage laborers. As a result their nature of work

becomes seasonal. The MGNREGA job card related works also is seasonal in nature.

Those who collect NTFP from the forest also gets it for a limited time within the year.

As women have to take care of the family, they attend to the jobs in lesser number of days.

7.3 Role of Animators in forming SHG:

The animators responsible for each village for the benefit and workings of each SHG perform

various duties in terms of

Orientation of the SHG members

Help in arranging various meeting with the Pradhan, Panchayat and VDC members

related to monthly activities, grading the SHGs etc.

Provide the members information regarding different types of Income Generation

Activities (IGA) and also encouraging them to initiate IGA

Regular savings, periodic meetings, compulsory attendance, and systematic training are the

salient features of SHG. Each group selects one animator and two representatives from among

themselves. The animator is responsible for providing leadership to the group and to maintain the

various registers. The representatives assist the animator and maintain the bank accounts of the

group.

There are total 158 no. of SHGs present in the project villages.

During the study data is collected from 26 SHGs as follows:

Table 7.7 Unit wise no. of sample SHGs

Unit Number of SHGs

Salboni 13

Basinda 6

Baligeria 7

Total 26



7.3.1 Formation of SHGs

Out of these 26 SHGs, 17 have been formed before 2010 and rest is formed after 2010. The

newest SHG, Babar Sa Sahyak Dal of Baksole under Baligeria unit is formed on 26.4.2015 and

the oldest being Dalhara Biswakarma Sa Sahayak Dal of Dalhara village under Salboni unit was

formed on 5.11.2003 followed by Lodha Mahila Sahyak Dal of Rajbandhpara village under

Basinda formed on 1st December 2003.

These SHGs were formed by different institutions as follows:

Table 7.8 Formation of SHGs

UNITS

SHG FORMED BY

PANCHAYET SKK BY THEMSELVES

OTHER* TOTAL

SALBONI 6 3 2 2 13

BASINDA 1 3 2 0 6

BALIGERIA 3 3 1 0 7

* Under different government program like IWMP and LAMPS

Among the 26 sample SHGs, nine are formed by SKK. Out of the seven SHGs initiated after

2010, one each was formed by IWMP and LAMPS, three by SKK and rest two by the Panchayat.

Each SHG is having 10 members.

Some of these SHGs are registered under SGSY program run by the government.

Table 7.9 Affiliation with SGSY

Units Affiliation with SGSY

Yes No Total SALBONI 10 3 13

BASINDA 3 3 6

BALIGERIA 4 3 7



53.85

15.38

7.69

23.08

33.33

16.67

0

50

42.86

14.29

0

42.86

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1st Gradation 2nd Gradation

3rd grdation No gradation

% o

f SH

Gs

Stages of Gradation

Fig:7.1 Gradation of SHG

Salboni

Basinda

Baligeria

7.4.1 Savings by the SHGs

All the SHGs have regular savings. The rate of savings varies from Rs 30 to 100/- per month.

Total 11 numbers of SHGs have savings at the rate of Rs 30 per month, nine SHGs have savings

at the rate of Rs 60/- per month, one SHG each have savings of Rs 40 in Baba Chandreswar SHG

of Dalhara village and 50 in Karat ST IWMP of Jhatia village. Only one SHG, Agragami Sa

Sahyak Dal of Fatepur village under Salboni unit have savings at Rs 100/- per month.

Table 7.10 Range of Savings of the SHGs

Range f savings No. of SHGs

Rs 1500 to less than 5000 7

Rs 5000 to 12000 5

More than 12000 to RS 20000 4

More than 20000 but less than 30000 4

More than 30000 but less than 50000 2

Rs50,000 to more than 60,000 2

The SHG of Ghoratoria village formed in 2007 have a savings of Rs 5000/- whereas the SHG of

Dalhara village formed in 2013 have the highest amount of savings of Rs 62,056/-.

The lowest amount of savings of Rs 1849 is in Maa Annapurna SHG of Kuliary village formed

in 2010. They have taken a loan of Rs 1, 00,000 and also invested their savings for goatery

activities.

7.4.2 Gradation of the SHGs



0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Bank Other Not linked

% o

f SH

Gs

Units

Fig:7.2 SHG linkages with financial

institutions

Salboni

Basinda

Baligeria

First gradation is done in seven, two and three SHGs in Salboni, Basinda and Baligeria unit.

Second gradation is done in two and one each respectively in Salboni, Basinda and Baligeria

units while no gradation is done for the nine SHGs who are not linked with the SGSY program.

7.4.3 Revolving fund

Two of the SHGs received revolving fund of Rs 10,000 each, eight have received the fund

between Rs 20,000 – 30,000 and three SHGs have received credit amount between 70,000 –

1,00,000. Dalhara Biswakarma SHG of Dalhara village received Rs 70,000 and Baha Bagan

SHG and Mother Teresa SHG of Jhatia village under Saboni unit have received Rs 1,00,000/-.

While all the SHGs are linked with Bank in Salboni, three SHGs in Baligeria unit under Baksole,

Kadamdiha and Chotodhansulavillages are not linked with any financial institutions. The SHGs

of Kadamdiha and Baksole are formed late in 2014 and April 2015 by the Panchayat and the

villagers themselves. The Hemalburu SHG of Chotodhansula was formed by the villagers

themselves in 2007 but has not yet been linked with any financial institution. One SHG namely

Tarama Mahila SHG in Baganpara village of Basinda unit are linked with LAMPs. The banks

are nationalized like PNB, SBI, UBI and Allahabad Bank.



0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1 time 2 times Mote than 2 times

Never

Fig:7.3 Frequency of credit from bank

Salboni

Basinda

Baligeria

7.4.4 Credit from bank

The access to

credit is limited

to the SHGs and

50% or more

SHG of Basinda

and Salboni unit

and nearly 43%

SHGs of

Baligeria unit

have never

received loan

from the bank

even though the

linkages with

the financial institution is quite high.

Banks normally issue Rs 50,000 cash credit along with Rs 15,000 subsidy provided by the

government to the SHGs after first grading and Rs one lakh and rupees one lakh and fifty

thousand after second and third grading.

7.4.5 Purpose of taking last credit from the bank

Two SHGs, one each from Baligeia and Salboni has taken the last loan for basket making, four

SHGs of Julko, Belly and Fatepur in Salboni and Rajbandh in Basinda have taken loan for boro

cultivation, SHG of Dalhara has taken loan for fishery, SHG of Jhatia and Kuliara of Salboni and

Chotodhankamra of Basinda has taken loan for goatery, piggery etc. SHGs of Ghoratoria and

Damodarpur have taken loan for incense stick making and two SHGs have tried mustard and

sesame cultivation and nursery development in Ghoratoria and Damodarpur.



0.00

10.00

20.00

30.00

40.00

50.00

60.00

70.00

GROUP INDIVIDUAL NEVER

UTILIZATION OF THE LOAN WITHIN THE SHG

% o

f SH

Gs

Fig:7.4 Loan Utilisation

SALBONI

BASINDA

BALIGERIA

7.4.6 Credit Absorption capacity

Among the SHGs, 46.15%, 66.67% and 28.57% of the SHGs of Salboni, Basinda and Baligeria

unit respectively have utilized the loan by group activities. The group based activities include

piggery, goatery and boro cultivation.

Individual level IGA is started by members of 10 SHGs. The activities include goatery, piggery,

basket making, fishery etc. Four SHGs of Jhatia, Damodarpur and Ghoratoria have started the

activities in 2013 and 2014.

The IGA on incense stick making is found to be successful. They sell it at the rate of Rs 50 – 60

for 12 packets. It takes around 30 minutes to prepare one packet. SKK has supplied the raw

material.

7.4.7 Interloaning

Inter loaning is practiced among 10 SHGs and there is no defaulter member found. Normally

they charge an interest rate varying among 2%, 4% to 9%.

7.4.8 Repayment of Bank Loan

Patril Sa Sahayak Dal of Julko village invested Rs 28,000/ for taking a land on lease for boro

cultivation. They had cultivated boro paddy on the land and the net profit earned by each member

is about Rs 7000/-. They are also having a grain bank whereby each member deposits about one

kg of paddy in each month. They sell it to the dealer or shop owner at a higher rate.



The repayment of loan by the SHGs is very satisfactory. Out of the 16 SHGs that have availed

bank loan, nine have already repaid it and the rest are in the process of repayment.

7.4.9 Support received for IGA

Normally three types of support are received in terms of Skill Training, Subsidy and IGA

Management Training for the IGA.

Table 7.11 Types of supports received by the SHGs

UNITS NAME OF VILLAGES IGA Management

Training Subsidy Skill Training

Y N Y N Y N

SALBONI

FATEPUR 1 1 1 1 1 1

BELLY 0 2 0 2 1 1

JULKO 1 1 1 1 1 1

DOLHARA 1 1 1 1 2 0

KULIAR 1 0 0 1 1 0

JHATIA 2 2 0 4 4 0

BASINDA

CANALPARA 0 1 0 1 1 0

BAGANPARA 0 1 0 1 1 0

RAJBANDHPARA 1 0 1 0 1 0

CHOTODHANKAMRA 1 0 0 1 1 0

DAMODORPUR 2 1 1 2 3 0

BALIGERIA

GHORATORIA 2 0 1 1 2 0

BANKSOL 0 1 0 1 1 0

CHOTODHANSOLA 1 1 0 2 2 0

KADAMDIHA 0 1 0 1 1 0

Skill trainings are conducted in 23 SHGs and the skills included incense stick making, basket

weaving, tailoring & detergent powder making.



Training on incense stick making and detergent making is conducted by SKK and the other two

by the Panchayat. The duration of training conducted by SKK was of 2 – 4 months. SHGs are

utilizing the skills of incense stick making and basket making for self employment.

Under various Skill Training programmes, eligible SHG members are encouraged to start

economic activities or undertake self employment. This capacity building brings about

qualitative changes in the attitude of the women and promotes cohesion and effective functioning

of the group. Trainings are important because of the following purpose:

1. A new way of economic empowerment.

2. Try to bring about changes in our attitudes

3. impart new skills and build upon our existing skills

Table 7.12 Different types of skill training conducted in the villages

Name of the Village Name of the Group Type of skill Training

Julko Patril Swasahayak Dal Goatery, poultry

Rajbandh Lodha Mahila Sahayak Dal Incense stick, detergent making

Baksol Babar Swasahayak Dal basket weaving

Chotodhankamra Dhasai Marrang Buru SHG Incense stick making, solar training ,detergent

making

Canalpara Banabasi Mahila Group Poultry, Goatery , piggery , incense stick making

Kadamdiha Dishari Swasahayak Dal incense stick making

Dalhara

Dalhara biswakarma Basketry, fishery ,mid day meal cooking

Baba Chandreswar SHG Poultry, duckery, incense stick , detergent ,office

bearer

Chotodhansola Kadamdihana

Incense stick, nursery training, incense stick,

door mat making, basket weaving.

hemalburu Incense stick, rope making

Kuliari Maa Annapurna Cow, goatery, office bearer ,nursery

Baganpara tara ma mahila shg Incense stick , detergent

Jhatia

Bahabagan Office bearer

Mother Teresa Office bearer, incense sticks, basket making

Ma Durga Incense sticks, basket making

Fatepur Jiwibati swa Sahayak Dal Nursery training, mushroom training by

Panchayat, office bearer

Ghoratoria Agnishikha Incense sticks

Damodarpur

Chai Champa Guaro Incense sticks, office bearer

Sari-Sarna swa Sahayak Incense sticks, basket making

Jwaher aya Incense sticks, basket making



Table 7.13 No. of IGA trainings conducted

After getting the IGA

training, the SHG

members started micro-

savings and credit

activities, as each

member was asked to

contribute at least Rs.30 -

60 per month which could

then be used

for internal micro-loans

(i.e., to members within

the same group). Loans

are used for a variety of

purposes including micro-

income generating

activities. Examples are

the purchase of bullocks,

sheep, poultry, goats and

sewing machines. The

women repay the money

in monthly installments

with interest, so that the

money in the revolving fund can be used continuously.

In Salboni unit 46.15 % & in Basinda unit 57.1% of the SHGs are engaged in IGA activities & in

Baligeria 50 % of the of the SHG groups are earning money from IGA activities. Rests of the

SHGs are engaged in savings only. The net profit earnedvaries from Rs 8000-25000 and it is

either distributed among the members or kept in the bank as savings by Mother Teresa SHG of

Jhatia, Agnisikha SHG of Ghoratoria, Sari Sarno and Jwaher Aya SHGs of Damodarpur.

7.5 Social activities performed by various SHG groups

The members of the SHGs work in group and maintain good relationship with other members.

Besides performing various activities which have social benefit they also interact with various

other institutions in the village. Most of the SHGs work as a ICDS helper. In case there is more

than one SHG in the same village, they get engaged in cooking mid day meal by rotation. They

also act as the medium to inform the parents about various camps, meting of the village as well

as in the school. They also perform various group activities for the welfare of the society like -

UNITS NAME OF

VILLAGES

IGA Management

Training

Total no

of SHG

Yes %

SALBONI

FATEPUR 1 50 2

BELLY 0 0 2

JULKO 1 50 2

DOLHARA 1 50 2

KULIAR 1 100 1

JHATIA 2 50 4

Total 6 46.15 13

BASINDA

CANALPARA 0 0 1

BAGANPARA 0 0 1

RAJBANDHPARA 1 100 1


DAMODORPUR 2 66.67 3

Total 4 57.1 7

BALIGERIA

GHORATORIA 2 100 2

BANKSOL 0 0 1

CHOTODHANSOLA 1 50 2

KADAMDIHA 0 0 1

Total 3 50 6



0.00

20.00

40.00

60.00

80.00

100.00

YES NO YES NO

INTERACTION WITH ICDS INTERACTION WITH SCHOOL

Fig:7.5 Intercation of SHGs with different

institutions

SALBONI

BASINDA

BALIGERIA

92.31

33.33

85.71

7.69

66.67

14.29

0.00

10.00

20.00

30.00

40.00

50.00

60.00

70.00

80.00

90.00

100.00

SALBONI BASINDA BALIGERIA

Fig:7.6 SHGs Need External Support

YES

NO

spreading of bleaching powder in the sanitation areas, around school, leveling of land , cleaning

of roads etc.

All the SHGs, except one in Salboni are engaged in some form of social development activities.

7.6 Vertical Integration

Though SHGs have

started interacting with

various institutions but

still a significant portion

of the SHG members do

not have interaction

with the ICDS, the basic

unit from where the

child starts getting

support for health,

nutrition and

education.Same is the

case for interaction with

the schools.

7.7 Elected as Panchayat member

Members of only 8.33% of the SHGs have been elected as member of Panchayat in Salboni unit.

Election of members of SHGs in panchayat empowers them to take part in larger socio economic

development of the area as decision makers.

7.8 Self Reliance



One of the major focus of forming the SHGs is to promote the process of empowerment and

make the women folk of the villages self reliant to take charge of their own life. It is found that

most of the sample SHGs does not feel confident yet to run and maintain their SHGs on their

own except in Basinda. They have expressed the need to have continued external support to

maintain their SHGs.

7.9 Migration in the villages

Migration is taking place in four villages namely Chotodhansola, Julko, Beily and Damodarpur,

more in Julko, Chotodhansola and Damodarpur village (30% each).They mostly migrate to states

like Odisha and other districts like Purba Midnapore to work as agriculture labor. The duration of

stay varies from three to four months a year. Mostly men folk migrate for work.

Table 7.14 No. of Households having savings in financial institution

UNITS NAME OF

VILLAGES

No. of HH

having

SAVINGS

Account

No. of HH

having

Savings in

financial

institution

Total

No.

of

HH

Savings in

bank

Range

of

savings

No. % No. %

SALBONI

FATEPUR 10

8

10

Punjab

National

Bank, SBI,

UBI, Post

Office

500-

20000

BELLY 10 7 10

JULKO 10 9 10

DOLHARA 10 8 10

KULIAR 10 9 10

JHATIA 10 7 10

Total 60 100 48 80 60

BASINDA

CANALPARA 10

6

10

UBI,

Allahabad 100-6000

BAGANPARA 10 10 10



DAMODORPUR 10 0 10

Total 50 100 16 32 50

BALIGERIA

GHORATORIA 10

7

10

UBI 100-6000 BANKSOL 9 7 10

CHOTODHANSOLA 10 10 10

KADAMDIHA 9 1 9

Total 38 97.44 25 64.10 39

All the households at Salboni & Basinda have their bank accounts in respective banks, viz.,

Punjab National Bank, Sate Bank of India and United Bank of India. Most of them have savings

accounts which were opened under MGNREGA. But some of them do not deposit money in their

respective accounts.



0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Salboni Basinda Baligeria Total

Fig:7.7 Status of Income

Increased

Decreased

Remain Same

Among the Lodha villages in Basinda unit majority of the villagers have account in Post office

used for saving the money coming from hundred days work. Only 53.3% villagers have their

own savings account in financial institutions in which they do savings for future purpose. Most

of them have account in UBI bank and rest has account in Allahabad bank.

Table 7.15 Savings By Lodha HHs

They have savings accounts which were opened under MGNREGA.

Among IDP and Non-IDP villages, villagers from Basinda unit have no savings in financial

institutions rather they have savings account in Post office.80% of the villagers from both IDP

and Non-IDP project area have the savings account in financial institutions. The range of savings

mostly remain between Rs 100-Rs 6000.Villagers of Baligeria unit under IDP project area have

more savings account in bank (85%) compared to villagers of Baligeria unit under Non-IDP

project area (42.1%).

7.8.1 Status of Income

On an average 60%

of the households

have shared that

there is an increase

in their

familyincome over

the years. Here

again, compared to

Salboni and

Basinda,

performance of

Baligeria is poor.

The increase in

UNITS NAME OF

VILLAGES

No. of HH

having

Savings

Account

No. of HH

have Savings

in financial

institution

Total

No. of

HH

No. % No. %

BASINDA

CANALPARA 10

6

10

BAGANPARA 10 10 10


Total 30 100 16 53.33 30



income is attributed mainly to increase in wage rate and NTFP sell. In two cases in Ghoratoria

and Baksol, income from IGA through SHG, goatery and basket making, is identified for the

cause of increase in income.

The same is true for Basinda unit also but here especially in Cohotodhankamra income from

SHG has contributed to increase in the family income along with wage and NTFP in seven cases

and one each in Canalpara and Rajbandhpara.

In Salboni the increase in income is mainly due to agriculture, wage and petty business. In Julko,

Bely, Kuliary, Jhatia, Fatepur and Dalhara income from SHG has also contributed towards the

increase in income. Most of the households here have got some petty business.

Women are involved in making incense sticks

in Ghoratoriya village

Different livelihood activities performed by the

women of Salbani unit



Discussion with the SHG members during the

study period

Meeting resolution copy of one of the SHGs

inf Belli village

One of the SHG members making plates by

dry Sal leaves in Ghoratoria village



8. Outcome on Dignity

A child cannot lead a dignified life unless her family has access to certain basic amenities and

there is an amicable environment to lead a dignified life in terms of housing, access to safe

drinking water and sanitation. The level of inclusion of the households and its representation in

different community institutions also reflects their acceptance in the society and reduction of

marginalization and alienation.

8.1 Housing Facilities

The dwellings are mostly semi kuchha type with mud walls and tin proof or thatched roof. The

houses constructed under IAY are of pucca type. The Lodha houses are all mud built thatched

house with no window. Some of the houses are in very poor condition.

It is found that the sample households in both the IDP and Non-IDP villages have constructed

their houses with their own investments. Among the IDP villages 22.5% of the households of

Basinda unit have constructed houses with support received Indira AwasYojana scheme. Out of

30 Lodha households under the unit, nine have received IAY. About 13.3% of households from

Salboni unit under Non-IDP villages have received Indira AwasYojana scheme for construction

of house.

8.2 Drinking Water

Potable and safe drinking water is one of the essential requirements for leading a healthy life.

Among the sample villages various sources of water are available, viz., open well,tube well and

submersible pumps. In the Lodha villages, 90% of the households avail drinking water from the

open well and only 6.8% have it from tubewell and 3.3% villagers have drinking water source

from submersible pump. IDP Villages under Baligeria and Basindause mostly open well as their

source of drinking water while in Salboni all most all the households have it from tube well.

One Solar pump set is provided by SKK at Damodarpur village under Basinda Unit. Villagers

are storing drinking water in an overhead tank with the help of the solar driven pump. The

villagers shared that they have found it useful as they could store the water and take it as needed.



8.3 Sanitation Facilities

Proper sanitation facilities are a key for good health and controlling mal nutrition among the

children. It also is important to maintain the dignity and privacy of women. Village houses are

often tiny, and most often have no sanitation facilities. Moreover, there is no provision for

continuous supply of water. People have to store water if they have their own private toilets. In

the Basinda unit among the Lodha villages only 3.3% households possess toilet facilities.

In Rajbandhpara village a common toilet facility is available which has been constructed by

SKK with the persuasion of the villagers in October 2014. The idea was given by SKK and they

have organized the villagers to construct the toilet. Three villagers, namely BasudevNaik,

BhotaNaik andBimalRana of Rajbandhpara took the lead and constructed the toilet with their

own labor and money. It was made with bamboo with gunny bag sheds and tinned roof. These

three families use the toilet and take care of cleaning it. These people are neither willing to share

the facilities with other villagers nor are others interested to use it.

About 10% of the household both from IDP and Non-IDP villages of Salboni unit avail toilet

facilities whereas only 5% household of Basinda unit has toilet facilities.

0 50 100 150 200

Tube well

Well

Submersible

Tube well

Well

Submersible

IDP

Vill

ages

No

n ID

P

Vill

ages

Fig:8.1 Access to Drinking water sources in

IDP and Non IDP villages

Salboni

Basinda

Baligeria



There is still lack of awareness and interest among the villagers towards use of toilet facilities.

8.4 Entitlements and facilities under PDS

More or less every family obtain facility of ration card under which they get rice @ of Rs 2/kg,

wheat @ of Rs 2/kg, wheat-flour @ Rs 5/ packet, sugar @ Rs7/- for 500 gmand kerosene oil @

Rs18/l. However these facilitiesare available for only those who possess BPL card.Some BPL

card holders also poses Antyodaya Anna Yojana scheme under which Land less agriculture

laborers,marginal farmers, Households headed by Widows or Terminally ill persons or disabled

persons or persons aged 60 years or more with no assured means of subsistence or social support

avail facilities.

Among the essential commodities, availability of wheat in both IDP and Non-IDP villages are

quantitively less, 10% of the families of Salboni unit,5.3% of families in Baligeria unit receive

wheat and others obtain wheat flour (36.6%).

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

% o

f H

Hs

Fig:8.2 Toilet Facilities

HH with toilet

HHs without toilet

Table 8.1 Access to Essential Commodities by Lodha Families

Units

Name of

villages

Total

No.

of

HH

Rice % Wheat % Wheat-

Flour % Sugar %

Kerosen

e %

Basinda

Canalpara 10 10

3

3

7

9

Baganpara 10 9 6 2 8 10

Rajbandhp

ara 10 10 2 1 7 7

Total 30 29 96.67 11 36.67 6 20.00 22 73.33 26 86.67



As rice is their main staple food they depend more on rice. The wheat and wheat flour is

considered as supplementary diet for them.

SKK played an important role to get ration card for the villagers especially for those who have

lost it or in case of new ration cards to be made. The Samannay committee of SKK has found to

be helpful in this regard. Villagers of Baganpara in Basinda Unit and Baksole in Baligeria unit

had mentioned the help that they received from SKK.

Though most of the households have BPL card, MGNREGA card and Ration card but very few

of them have Kisan Credit Card. As a result the scope for getting access to credit by these

marginal farmers gets limited. In Salboni and Baligeria, distribution of RSBY card is also less

that again restricts the scope of these poor farmers to avail the health facilities.

SKK animators have facilitated the process of opening savings bank account of the villagers for

MGNREGA job cards.

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Fig:8.3 Entitlements of the Househlolds

Salboni

Basinda

Baligeria

Units Name of

Villages

Total

No. of

HH

Table 8.2 Type of Entitlement Cards in Lodha villages

BPL %

MGN

REGS-

Job

Card

% RSBY %

Kisan

Credi

t

Card

%

Forest

Right

Patta

% Ration

Card %

Basinda

Canalpara 10 10 100 10 100 9 90 0 0 5 50 10 100

Baganpara 10 9 90 9 90 10 100 1 10 5 50 9 90

Rajbandhpa

ra

10 10 100 10 100 10 100 0 0 0 0 10 100

Total 30 29 96.67 29 96.67 29 96.67 1 3.33 10 33.33 29 96.67



8.5 Indebtedness

There are 29 families out of 149, i.e., 19.46% who have live loan. Among them only one is from

Basinda unit. Maximum numbers are from Baligeria and the rest from Salboni.

They take loan in time of need mostly from other villagers and relatives. The loan is interest free

if it is taken from the relatives but they have to pay marginally higher amount if it is taken from

other villagers. They also purchase goods in credit from shops. But there is no cases found where

they have taken loan from the local money lenders.

8.6 Membership in Community Institutions

Linkage of villagers with different community institutions help in developing trust and networks

with larger section of the society, strengthen their confidence level, help in inclusion and

mainstreaming of these marginal and vulnerable section of the society.

The representation of householdsin SHG, Village Development Committee (VDC),School

Management Committee (SMC) is high in the Non IDP villages of Basinda Unit but in case of

IDP villages these are comparatively low.Representation in all the institutions is comparatively

lower in both IDP and Non IDP villages in Salboni Unit.The villagers shared that after becoming

the member of school committee they could come to know about the progress of their children.

The villagers of Basinda unit have shared that it becomes difficult for them to attend the Mothers

Meeting and PTA meeting as the timing of the meetings coincide with their wage work. They

could not afford to attend the meeting by losing one days of wage. The same is voiced by some of

the villagers of Baligeria and Salboni too.

8.7 Women Empowerment

0102030405060708090

100

MC SMC VDC VEC FPC SHG MC SMC VDC VEC FPC SHG

NON IDP Villages IDP Villages

Fig:8.4 Membership in different Institutions

Salboni

Basinda

Baligeria



Seven SHG members have helped in formation of new SHGs in their respective villages in

Damodarpur, Dalhara, Chotodhansole, Baksole, Rajbandhpara and Julko. They train them on

group management, savings and maintenance of register, bank account opening and credit

linkages.

By becoming the members of SHG they could take up different types of activities in the village

like reconstruction of base of tube well, land leveling, providing bleaching powder in the well for

purification of water, cleaning of roads, awareness on sanitation. Apart from these, they also help

the villagers like admitting patients to the hospital, information dissemination for the pregnant

women, provide monetary support to the ill persons in the village and also for marriage of

daughters.

They also could take up supervisory role to ensure quality of works like supervising the works

done under MGNREGA. Interact with ICDS and monitor the quality and quantity of food and

cooking procedure. They take part in cleaning the ICDS centre. They also create awareness on

various health camps through home visits.

The SHG members also play important role to educate the parents to send their children to

school and take care of their education. They also monitor the sanitation facilities in the school.

Many SHGs are involved in cooking mid day meal for the schools.

They also share part of the household expenses mostly in terms of spending on children

education.

It is shared by 13 out of 26 SHGs that other women of the village come to them to solve their

problems that varies from monetary, protection against domestic violence, to know about the

benefits for children, get help for ill persons, to understand about better lifestyle, take loan to

meet child‟s need/ house construction and treatment of diseases.

8.8 Decision about children

They could spend for the education of the children like tuition fees for private tutors from the

money that they earn through IGA activities. They are also saving some money in the name of

their children through savings in bank or through LIC policy, like they have done in Maliful

SHG under Beli village andDalhara in Salboni Unit. They also spend for better food for their

children.

They have also shared that their children could not get better education had they not been formed

the SHGs.

They can also fulfill the wish of their children as they now have some disposable income in their

hand.



They could also not been able to save any money without being member of the SHG. Their

children also could lead a healthy life as they now are aware about the immunization and other

healthy practices.

8.9 Involvement in Local level Planning

Microplanning is a process of empowering community to prepare development plan of their own

village and take charge of the implementation of this plan by mobilizing their own resources as

well as through convergence of resources from different government sources. Such

microplanning process is facilitated in few of the villages whereby the villagers with the

Panchayat members have prepared the microplan and also implemented it with support from

local Panchayat mostly during IDP phase. The activities includedigging of pond, land leveling,

tube well construction etc.

Table 8.3 Villagers Know About the Microplan

UNITS

NAME OF THE

LODHA

VILLAGES

Villagers Know About the

Microplan

No. %

BASINDA

CANALPARA 3

BAGANPARA 0

RAJBANDHPARA 10

Total 13 43.33

Among the Lodha villages only 43.3% of the villagers know about the microplan.Microplan has

been implemented in Canalpara and Rajbandhpara only.Villagers approached the Panchayat with

the microplan to arrange for the resources for works related to Land leveling, reconstruction of

the road and pond digging. The resource has been provided by the Panchayat and the works are

implemented.

020406080

76.657.5 55

Fig:8.5 Villagers in IDP village

VILLAGERS KNOW ABOUT THE MICROPLAN %



Microplan has been prepared in most of the villages falling under IDP project area except

Baganpara village. In Salboni unit, 76.6% of the households are aware of microplaning and have

done activities like pond digging, land leveling, tube well construction etc.

Except in Chotodhankamra village under Basinda unit and Ghoratoria village under Baligeria

unit Microplan are not prepared under Non IDP villages.

Villagers with support from SKK could succeed to get one ICDS centre at Kodomdiha under

Salboni unit. Villagers of Fatepur have given a proposal to start an ICDS center in their village.

Nutrition gardens are raised in the SSK and MSKs in all the three units. But in many of the cases

the condition of the nutrition is very poor and it is not maintained. As a result they are not getting

any produces from the garden. Without involvement of the animator the sustainability of these

nutrition gardens are in question.

8.10 Change in attitude towards child

There has been marked difference of attitude of parents towards their children. They have

become aware about importance of education importance and are encouraging their children to

go to schools. Among the IDP villages about 30% villagers from Baligeria unit are aware of

rights regarding children and about 93.3% villagers from Salboni unit are aware of rights

regarding children, however majority of the villagers in Non-IDP villages (90%) are aware of

rights. However there are some parents to whom girl child must get married at an early age and it

is sufficient if they become able to write their names only.

0

50

100

0

100

26.3

Fig:8.6 Villagers in Non-IDP village

VILLAGERS KNOW ABOUT THE MICROPLAN %



8.11 Expenditure pattern towards child

Majority of the income is spent on food and education of children. Good food and good health of

children is a common need found among the villagers. While expenditure on education is highest

in Salboni unit, for food it is highest in Basinda Unit.Parents of Basinda consider good food as

the most important requirement for the child to have good health. They are purchasing health

drinks like Horlicks, Complan, etc. for their children.

In Salboni unit parents become very much interested about the children education especially with

the effort of the animators. They shared that after attending the tuition classes run by the

animators their children became interested towards education too. As a result parents also are

willing to support their children by providing special tuition by private tutors, purchasing books

etc. They are arranging for special tuition during vacations for those who are studying in hostel.

0.0

20.0

40.0

60.0

80.0

100.0

salboni basinda baligeria

91.778.0

56.4

Fig:8.7 Awarness of the family members

regarding Right of the Children

Awarness of the family menbers regarding Right of the Children Yes in %

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Special food for children

Health Education Other

Fig:8.8 Major Expenditure Incurred Towards

Children

Salboni

Basinda

Baligeria



Table 8.4 Most important perceived changes

Unit Name of the

villages

Most important changes in last three years

No. of respondents

in respect of HH

number

Salboni

Fatepur

Improved Sanitation in household 3

Knowledge about proper process of preparing

nutritious food for children 4

Belly

House from IAY 3

Family income increased due to involvement in

various IGAs such as dairy, poultry. 4

Dolhara

More girls children started attending school 3

Reduction in the expenditure for purchasing

vegetables from the market due to growing of

kitchen garden in their house.

3

Family monthly expenditure decreased as a

result of free education facilities of children

from SKK

3

Kuliar

Increase in expenditure for Children education. 3

Started savings in bank 5

Increase family income and also increased

communication skill after involvement in SHG 2

Jhatia Improved Education facilities of children. 4

Basinda

Canalpara Received house from IAY 3

Baganpara

Opening of bank account 4

Became aware regarding different govt.

facilities like IYA or Sikhyasree&Kanyashree

scheme.

3

Rajbandhpara

Improved awareness on education among the

parents and children 4

Monthly expenditure for children decreased due

to free education facilities provided by SKK. 4

Chotodhonkamra Received house from IAY 3

Damodarpur Started savings in bank 5

Baligeria

Ghoratoria Increase family income and also increased

communication skill after involvement in SHG 2

Banksole Villagers receiving ration facilities properly

such as Rice of Rs. 2 per KG 3

Chotodhoansola Get the Government Facilities 3

Kadamdiha

Received govt. facilities like Old age pension,

Indira AwasYojona 2

Received Govt. facilities like „JananiSurakhya‟

and IYA. 3



In case of Baligeria unit villagers perceived changes mostly in terms of developing connection

with government departments and getting different services. Through the facilitation of SKK

Animators and Samannay Committee they become aware about different government services

and schemes. Animators also help them in writing the application and fill up forms that become

very helpful to them.

In Basinda awareness on education for children, SKK support to reduce expenditure on

education and savings in bank are considered as important changes.

While in Salboni awareness and change in education among girls tops the list followed by

increase in income due to IGA. Other issues like sanitation, nutrition and savings in bank is also

shared by the villagers.

SKK Animators have helped in filling form for admission in schools, also facilitated the process

of readmission of the son of SukumariHasda of Belly village at class VI, conduct tuition classes

etc. All these have helped in developing the status of education in the villages.

Though the villagers shared that they have been trained on healthy cooking practices like how to

cook in low flame with cover, use of green vegetables, hand wash and cleaning of vegetables

before cooking etc. But in most the cases they are not practicing them.

Earlier even if they had bank account but there was no habit for savings. With facilitation from

SKK Animators they have started saving. Even some of them have invested in Life Insurance

Schemes like AurobindoKoira of Kuliari, Pulin Singh of Jhatia, Snehamayi Das and Subhas Das

of Dalhara village of Salboni unit. Salma Hembram and RanimoniHembram from

Chotodhankamra and RituNaik from Bagapara in Basinda unit have LIC policy. It is interesting

to note that all of them are women.

Villagers have shared that there has been reduction in intake of country liquor. They are leading

a happy life now with improved standard of living.

In 49 villages, i.e., 32.88% cases villagers have shared that they approach the animators along

with their family members or friends and relatives to solve any problem. It shows the confidence

of the villagers towards the animators.

8.11 Important Behavioral Changes amongst the children in last five years

It is shared by the parents that with facilitation from SKK their children have developed interest

towards studies, have become obedient and practice cleanliness.

Children have become regular in attending schools and coaching centres run by SKK.

Parents have shared that their children are performing well in the class. The children can now

read and write in English letters. They are also improving in Mathematics.



In Basinda unit, in particular, it is shared that earlier children were engaged in NTFP collection

but now are going to school instead. It is also shared that the tidiness and cleanliness among the

children have also improved.

It is found in both the IDP and Non IDP villages, Animators of SKK played important role in

dissemination of information related to different services provided by the government and

community entitlements. It was more prominent in IDP villages. During the IDP phase of project

implementation the Panchayat system virtually became dysfunctional due to the Maoist

Movement. The Animators played crucial role in reaching the villagers at that time and thus have

become very close to the community.

8.12 Vision about the future of the child

100

95

85

93.33

100

63.16

Salboni

Basinda

Baligeria

Fig:8.9 Households received Government

Facilities

Non IDP villages HH received govt facilities

IDP Villages HH received govt facilities

0102030405060708090

100

Pan

chay

at

An

imat

or

Hu

sban

d

Hu

sban

d

+An

imat

or

Pan

chay

at

An

imat

or

Hu

sban

d

Hu

sban

d

+An

imat

or

IDP Villages Non IDP villages

Fig:8.10 Sources of Information regarding the

Government Facilities

Salboni

Basinda

Baligeria



While asked about how do they want to see their child in future, 22 families shared to see them

completing class eight or tenth standard. Completion of higher secondary examination is the

dream for 35 parents, 30 of them wants that their children pursue higher studies and get a good

job and nine of them want that they should get secure jobs. Altogether 74 parents (nearly 50% of

the sample households) want their wards should attain at least higher secondary level education

and above. Considering the background of the villages and the respondents, creating such kind of

aspiration among them is quite a remarkable achievement.



Community Toilet in Rajbandhpara village Grain Bank in Julko village formed by SHG

Microplan of Fatepur Village of Salbani unit



Solar Pump in Damodorpur village

Pass book of different beneficiaries in different banks and financial institution



Conclusion

It can be concluded that the project in general has a positive impact on the life of the children

and their parents in the targeted villages. Considering the background of the project area and the

recurrent disturbances of left wing extremism, the contribution of the project team is

praiseworthy. The interventions made by SKK in terms of creating awareness at the village level,

integrating the villagers with the existing government programs and projects, facilitating the

villagers to become aware about their rights and entitlements, improve the service delivery

mechanism through advocacy support, convergence of resources and capacity building of the

children as well as their parents through coaching, mentoring, grooming and training have

yielded positive results. Such outcomes and impacts can be assessed at different levels:

I. Contribution of the project towards developing social capital

Social capital refers to the institutions, relationships, and norms that shape the quality and

quantity of a society's social interactions.16

It has been argued and proved with evidence across

the countries that social cohesion is a critical driver for societies to prosper and to make the

development initiatives to be sustainable. Social capital is the glue that holds the community and

its institutions together. The trust and networks among the members of the community and the

institutions is considered as one of the important measures for social capital.

One of the project outcomes and impacts are by building the social capital to create an enabling

social environment towards leading a life with dignity.

i. Change in attitude and behavior of the parents towards education – peer education

Changes are found in the attitude of the parents of the children towards the education of their

child. They are now taking interest towards the education of their child and incurring extra

expenditure to provide quality education and education aids. They are also spending time to

monitor the education of their wards. The mothers of the children are getting peer learnings and

motivation to envision a good life for their children.

ii. Integration of parents with the schools facilitating the process of women empowerment

Parents are attending PTA meetings at the schools and taking corrective action. The mothers of

the children are mostly attending the meetings, become aware and vocal about their child‟s need

and are assuming decision making role in improving the education of their child. This certainly

contributes towards empowerment of women.

16

http://web.worldbank.org/



iii. Develop parent teacher relationship – strengthening community engagement

Relationship and linkages is developed between the parents and teachers and they have started

setting a common goal towards attaining the quality education for the students. The process has

started to strengthen community engagement to achieve quality education.

v. Enlarging the aspiration level – creating demand for education

Most of the parents have shared that they want that their child should have education at least

upto higher secondary level. Many of them wanted that they should have higher education and

secured job like teacher, engineer etc. The children, especially the girls have shown keen interest

in education and many of them shared that they want to be teacher and nurse. Considering the

background of the villages and the socio economic background such change in the aspiration

level is one of the major achievements of the project.

v. Inculcating the habit of group work and voluntary work among the children

Formation of students groups in the schools for cleaning of school compound, proper garbage

disposal in dustbins, watering the nutrition garden in the school has helped in inculcating the

attitude to work in groups and take up voluntary activities for community benefit among the

children. This would help in developing social capital in future.

vi. Developing network and linkages with different institutions

Through the samonnay committee villagers have started developing linkages with different

departments and institutions. This has helped in achieving their entitlements and various

services.

The women SHGs are also taking important roles in contacting different institutions and

representing their community in different forums.

vii. Improvement in service delivery mechanism

With facilitation from animators, the villagers, SHG members in particular have assumed

advocacy role to improve service deliveries especially in terms of improving the quality and

quantity of mid day meals, checking leakages and pilferages in supply of ration etc.

viii. Participatory planning process

The project has facilitated the process of participatory planning for the development of the

villages by the villagers themselves through convergence of resources in the form of

microplanning. This process has helped in building confidence of the people.



II. Contribution towards developing human capital

Development of human capital focuses upon “human as creator” who frames knowledge, skills,

competency, and experience originated by continuously connecting between “self” and

“environment”17

. Human capital generally refers to the knowledge and skills of the individual.

The project has a strong focus on developing human capital through promoting education and

various skill developing training.

The level of achievement of the project in terms of developing the human capital can be

summarized as follows:

a. Reduction in number of drop outs and regular attendance

There has been reduction in number of drop outs and students have become regular in attendance

to the schools. Students have also developed habit of completing their studies regularly.

b. Increase in level of understanding and comprehension

With the assistance from the animators the students level of understanding and comprehension

skills have improved. The tribal children especially the Lodha children who used to face

difficulty in understanding the studies due to language barrier can now read and write freely.

c. Increase in level of performance in terms of study outcomes

Students, who were slow learners are now performing well in terms of their evaluation results in

the class. They have overcome the fear of studies and are showing interest to attend schools and

coaching classes. Their performances have improved in specific subjects like Mathematics,

English and Science.

d. Skill development of the SHGs

SHG members have received skill development trainings and have started income generation

activities based on the training inputs.

e. Skill development on nutrition literacy

Training and orientation of the SHG members, mothers, ICDS workers and helpers on basic

nutrition requirement of a person has created awareness at all levels.

III. Contribution towards developing Natural Capital

Natural capital can be defined as world‟s stock of natural assets in terms of land, air, water,

biodiversity etc. Human derives various types of goods and services from these natural capitals

17

http://www.oecd.org/



for their survival. In many cases these natural capitals are transformed into economic outputs as

livelihood for the people.

1. Creation of Nutrition gardens and kitchen gardens

The open spaces in the SSKs and MSKs are utilised by creation of nutrition gardens where

different types of seasonal vegetables are grown. These are used in the mid day meal and thereby

providing nutrition supplements to the children.

Similarly kitchen gardens in the homesteads have helped in getting nutrition supplements for the

family members.

2. Integrating skill training with natural capital

The training modules developed for the SHGs by SKK on basket making, incense stick making,

rope making, fishery, goatery and piggery based on the available natural capital of the area has

been well accepted by the trainees and they have started IGAs. The locally available raw

materials like bamboo, grass, animal breeds are used for the activities. While the off farm based

training inputs like tailoring, detergent making are not used by the villagers.

Some SHG members have also stared boro paddy cultivation as a collective economic activity by

taking land on lease.

3. Grain Banks and its utilization

Grain banks are created at the household level and coordinated by the SHGs where each member

is saving paddy grains as natural capital which they sell to the traders, shop owners at a higher

rate during off season.

4. Creation of water sources and land preparation

Through microplanning villagers have taken up activities like digging of ponds and land leveling

for promotion of cultivation. This has helped in getting irrigation and preparation of land for

cultivation.

IV. Contribution towards developing financial capital

Financial inclusion and credit linkages

Most of the households are having bank or post office accounts. The opening of accounts is

facilitated by the animators. Thus the villagers now have financial inclusion.

All most all the SHGs have bank accounts and have credit linkages with the bank. Based on the

revolving fund and loan from the bank they have started IGA and also started earning profit.

Convergence of resources



Villagers through the Samonnay Committee have started developing linkages with the

government departments and panchayat. In some of the villages they could converge the

resources from MGNREGA to implement the activities proposed under micro plan.

V. Contribution towards developing physical capital

Physical capital is any tangible assets created by humans and used in production system.

Though the project does not have any stated objective of creating physical assets but utilization

of fallow land for creation of kitchen gardens and nutrition gardens is one form of creating

physical capitals for the project villages.

The solar pump set provided to pump and store drinking water and the common toilet developed

is contributed towards developing physical capital.

The unique contribution of the project is that it has created an enabling environment and

facilitated the process of developing linkages with the existing government institutions. The

approach has been to develop the capacity of the people and develop networks so that people can

access the services and entitlements. As the inputs are not provided by any external agencies on

project mode it is assumed that these would bring long term changes to their life and would be

sustainable.

Impact on the project partner

“IH has journeyed with SKC in their path of growth and development. It not only provided

financial support but has helped in many other ways” shared by Father Franklin Menezes.

The support of IHK has certainly helped strengthening SKC as project partner.

It is expressed right from the Director, SKC to the animators that the project has helped them to

grow both at institutional level and also at personal level.

“My communication skill and confidence level has increased because of the project” shared by

Kaushik. Badal and Moben during the inception meeting.

The respect from the people that they are getting, relationship with the villagers and government

functionaries, ability to conduct mass meetings are all considered as precious impact of the

project in the life of the field coordinators and supervisors that they consider would remain with

them through out their life.

The coordinator shared that she had developed the skill to handle team and prepare work plan.



The study team also wants to acknowledge the commitment and loyalty of the project staff

towards the project. The study was conducted in the month of July 2015 when the project was

formally over. But all the staff members, right from the coordinator to the animators have

participated in the field work, discussions, meetings without any reservations and grumblings

even though they do not have their jobs any more.

The systematic planning process, preparation of Annual Plan keeping the overall project goal and

objectives in mind and sequencing the activities accordingly was found to be helpful at all levels.

It had created a common understanding, clarity of activities and deliverables. As was shared by

the Director SKC, this project has helped strengthening their institution to work in a professional

project mode.

Everyone‟s daily routine used to be sent by the Coordinator to the Director to keep him updated.

The focus on capacity building of the staff through trainings has helped in developing not only

their skills but it could develop a good human resource base for the area. Such trained staff can

be utilized for any other development projects and programs.

The systematic way of designing the compensation package of the project staff with PF,

Gratuity, Mediclaim etc has certainly been very helpful. It is acknowledged by the Director SKC.

Regular monitoring by IH, twice a year from Kolkata team and once a year from Germany, has

facilitated the process of monitoring and coordination of activities by the field staff of the project

partner too.

The Kolkata office of IH has helped in coordination and monitoring that normally does not

happen with many funding agencies from abroad that is shared by the Director.

Initiation of the process of monthly meetings and staff appraisal system has helped in

maintaining transparency and equitable judgment for reward and action against any staff

members.

It has also capacitated the project partner to design effective HR policy for their staff that can be

replicated in other projects also.

As the Director of SKC shared that IH has very professional orientation and has helped in

transforming the approach of SKC from charity mode to development mode and also to adopt

right mode. SKC whose fundamental principle for development depends on human dignity and

love for the people based on the Catholic Social Teaching of Church has been well integrated

with the development approach of the project. With the learnings from the project, SKC is

diversifying their activities with new types of projects on livelihood development under the

context of climate change.



It is also suggested by the Director that there should be provision to have at least one

documentation officer for this kind of project. The remuneration packages also need to be re

looked considering the existing situation.

Another suggestion was that the funding agency should not get involved much in providing

directions for micro management of the project. Directions from different persons that may be

contradictory some times create confusion among the implementing agencies and that should be

avoided.

Limitations

Though the project has brought many positive changes but it also has certain limitations in terms

of delivery mechanism, capacity of the staff, replication and sustainability aspects.

- Project implementation aspects

Many components of the project like visioning exercise in the school, identification of school

level leaders and awareness creation through them, school level annual events do not seem to

have much impact on the target groups. These activities, where implemented, are done more in a

routine manner without rigorous follow up and monitoring.

- Maintenance of database and tracking system

The project team lacks the capacity to maintain village wise data base and tracking system to

measure the changes for the key verifiable indicators like drop out, age at marriage, home

deliveries etc. As a result retrieval of relevant data is difficult.

- Inconsistency in the data provided by project team and primary source

It was told by the project team that there is no incidence of home delivery in Baligeria. But

during the field survey such incidences have been recorded.

- Quality documentation

Even though SKK is involved in implementing the project for such a long period there could

have been quality documentation in terms of case studies, reports, video documents that could

show the trends and capture the objectively verifiable changes.

- Microplanning exercises

Microplanning exercises are done in only few villages and the process was not continued further.

Though it has good impact but the replication aspect becomes poor.

- Innovation and upscaling



The project team members though were very dedicated but somehow lack innovation in

approaches and up scaling of the program in terms of diversification and integration with other

projects and programs. They follow the routine activities. The role of animators was more

confined to providing tuition classes only. In villages they were also referred as “Master”

(teacher) by the mothers which reflect their brand in the mind of the people.

- Reach and access

Due to long distance between the unit offices and the villages, especially in Basinda and

Baligeria and inaccessibility of the villages it becomes difficult for the supervisors and

coordinators to visit the field. Thus the monitoring at the field level is compromised.

- Weak integration with non targeted households

As the project focuses upon mainstreaming the drop outs and irregular students, the activities of

the animators are also confined to these student‟s families only. As a result many of the non

targeted families do not attend the camps and meetings conducted at the village. Due to these, it

is difficult to assess the impact of the project at a larger scale.

- Follow up and monitoring

In many cases it is found that though there has been many interventions initiated like nutrition

garden, tracking drop out students and age at marriage but the rigour in terms of follow up was

not maintained properly. As a result there have still incidences of drop outs and child marriage.

- Capacity of the project staff

There were 30 animators, 30% of whom are female. Among them 15 are graduates.

Some of the animators lack the capacity to teach students above Vth standard. They were not

very confident to teach subjects like mathematics, English and to teach students above Vth

standard.

Some of them also lack the confidence and public speaking ability. The role of the animators is

more as motivators and guide and to properly discharge these roles, they require strong

communication skills.

It is found in some cases that the students who attend the coaching classes do avail tuition by

private tutor too.

- No special attention for the slow learners

As all the students of different classes come at a time it is not possible for one animator to

provide special attention to the slow learners.



- Difficulty to hold attention of all the students at a time

Students from different classes are taught by one animator at a time. It causes problem in terms

of taking care of individual students and hold their attention.

- Record maintenance at the village level

The capacity of the villagers are still lacking for maintaining the records properly. They could

not show the microplan document in Fatepur. In many cases Animators write the minutes of the

meetings of SHGs and maintain cash books etc. In many cases the records like cash books, bak

pass books are not updated for past four – five months. After withdrawal of the project the

sustainability of these institutions will be in question.

- Strengthening IGA activities

Even after working with the SHGs for more than five years, more than 50% of them are not

engaged in IGA activities. It reduces the scope for achieving self reliance.

- Focus on NRM

Even though a substantial number of families at Basinda and Baligeria depend on NTFP for their

income but not much focus was found to strengthen the community institution and their capacity

for conservation of the forest resources and develop their capacity for value addition of the

products.

- Gap between Knowledge and Practices

It is found that though mothers are aware about the proper cooking method and nutrition but in

practice it is not been followed. Thus the purpose of the training is lost.

- Community initiative for maintenance of the assets created

All the nutrition gardens visited during the study lacks maintenance by the schools. They are not

watering the plants and these are converted more like a bush. It again raises the question of

sustainability of the initiatives after withdrawal of the project.

- Common resource and community ownership

Though the project has focused upon creation of community toilet but in reality it was found that

it is being used by only three families. Thus the purpose of changing the habit of a larger section

of the village is not achieved.

The journey that had started since the early 1980 has reached its destination in 2015 with marked

changes on the life of the people of the area who were so far been taken for granted to lead a life

with drudgery by the mainstream development practitioners. It is not that the project has solved



all the problems and it is withdrawn because there is not further need of development but the

seed that has been sown and nurtured so far to change the attitude of the people inculcate a level

of confidence in them, integrate them with the development initiatives, instill self respect in them

would certainly help them to become a change agent for themselves to lead a dignified life in the

days to come. The impact of the project is expected to orchestrate the process of achieving a

dignified life of these people and mainstream them with the development discourse.



Annexure I

(Schedule on SHG) A Background

Name of the Village

Name of the GP

Name of the Block

B Profile of the Group

Name of the Group

Year of Establishment (MM/YY)

Formed by

Total Member in the Group

No. of members dropped out since formation

Name of the President Name of the Secretary

Affiliation with SGSY Any other (Specify)

Gradation of the SHG

Revolving Fund received

Amount

C SHG Financial Details

C.1

Total Savings of the SHG

Rs. C.3 Cash in Hand: Rs.

C.2 Cash in Bank:

Rs. C.4 SHG Per Month Savings Rs.

C.5

Per Member Per Month Savings

Rs. C.6 SHG Linked with Bank Yes-1 No-2

C.7 No. of times SHG took loan from bank since formation

C.8 Cumulative amount of credit from Bank (till date)

Rs.



C.9 Purpose of taking last credit from the Bank

C.10

How the amount was utilised?

C. 11

Whether the loan is utilised by the group or distributed among the members?

C. 12

Whether the SHG has prepared any Business Plan before taking up the

activity?

C.13 Whether the SHG has repaid the bank loan/ become defaulter?

C.14 What is the system of inter loaning practiced? Interest rate charged?

No. of defaulter members, if any

E Involvement in IGA (IGA that is Running / Functional)

E.1 Name the IGA the group is involved in

E.2

Whether the IGA is Group or Individual Oriented

1. Group IGA 2. Individual IGA

E.6 The year of inception of the IGA (MM/YY)

E.7 Net profit generated from the IGA (in Rs)

E.8 How the amount was distributed among the members?

F Details of IGA Support Received From Department/ Other Sources

Aspects Avail Status From whom

F.1 Skill Training Y N NA

F.2 Refresher Skill Training YES NO NA

F.3 IGA Management Training YES NO NA



F.4 Credit Linkage YES NO NA

F.5 Subsidy Provision YES NO NA

F.6 Grant Received YES NO NA

F.7 Machinery Support YES NO NA

F.8 Technical Support YES NO NA

F.9 Raw Materials / Inputs YES NO NA

F.10 Business Guidance YES NO NA Specify:

F.11 Market Linkage YES NO NA

Market:

Quantum:

F.12 Direct Procurement YES NO NA

Quantum:

Frequency:

F.13 Other (Specify) YES NO NA

G Key Challenges Faced

H. Have you helped in forming any new SHG in your village?

If yes, how many SHGs have you formed?

I.

What kind of support do you provide to these SHGs?

J. Do you take up any social development activities in your village? If yes,

what are the types of activities?

K. Do you have any interaction with the ICDS centre of your village? If yes,



why and how?

L. Do you have any interaction with the schools of your village? If yes, why

and how?

M.

Is any member of your SHG has been elected in panchayat? If yes, at

what level?

N.

Could you take better care of your children after becoming member of

SHG? If yes, how?

O. Had you not been member of the SHG what problems your children

would have faced?

P. Do other women of your village approach you to solve their problems? If

yes, what kind of problems?

Q.

What are the main achievements of your SHG?

R. Where do you want to see your SHG five years from now? What is your

plan?

S. Do you think you are able now to manage your SHG without support

from any external agency?

Note: Please review the Financial Records (Cash Book, Bank Pass Book etc.) and other Documents of SHG



Annexure II

(Schedule on Household) I General Details

Block:

Gram Panchayat Village:

Name of the Respondent:

Sex of the Respondent

M / F

Age of the Respondent in Years Respondent Family Status Head of HH Other

Social Category of Family ST SC Other Economic Category BPL APL Other

II House Hold Member Details

Sr.

No.

Name of member rela-

tion to

head

(code)

sex

(male -1,

female -

2)

age

(in completed

years)

Education Status

(code)

marital

status

1

2

3



4

5

6

7

8

Any of you daughter got married in last five years?

Yes / No

If yes, what was the age at the time of marriage?

III. Household / Dwelling



House if owned by the family, is it constructed under 1. Indira AwasYojana

2. Gitanjali

3. Loan from SHG 4. Own Investment

Toilet Facility

Own / Community Toilet

Yes-1 No-2

Drinking Water Source Distance

Rights and Entitlements

Type of Entitlement Card the Family is Holding 1. BPL 2. APL

3. AAY 4. MGNREGS- Job card

5. RSBY 6. KisanCredit Card

7. Forest Right Patta 8. Ration Card

Access to Essential Commodities 1. Rice

KG: Rs./KG:

2. Wheat

KG: Rs./KG:

3. Sugar

KG: Rs./KG:

4. Kerosene

Litre: Rs./Lt:

Do members of your family have Bank account/post office account?

Name of the bank

Who has introduced you to the bank?

What is the amount of savings? In bank/FD/LIC or other?

Have you ever participated in any village development meeting/GUS

meeting in last one year?

If yes, what was it for?

Do you know anything about the microplan of your village? If yes,

who has prepared it and whether it is implemented?



Have you ever approached any govt department to avail certain

benefits? If yes, what are departments and whether you have received

the facilities?

From whom you have come to know about the facilities? Did anybody

accompany you to approach the offices? If yes, who?

Is there any facilities developed in your village with persuasion of the

villagers like ICDS/SSK/increased number of teachers in school etc?

IV Membership in Community Groups

Membership in Self Help Group (SHG) 1. Yes

2. No

Membership in FPC 1. Yes

2. No

Membership in Mother‟s Committee (Female member of HH) 1. Yes

2. No

Membership in School Management Committee 1. Yes

2. No

Membership in Village Development Committee/Gram

UnnayanSamity (VDC) 1. Yes 2. No

Membership in Other Committee (Specify)

1. Yes 2. No

V Maternal and Child Health

If the family is having children of 0-6 years

Whether all eligible children in the family are immunized 1. Yes

2. No

If Yes, immunization coverage of children DPT

Yes-1 No-2

Polio

Yes-1 No-2

Measles

Yes-1 No-2

BCG Yes-1 No-2



Hepatitis

Yes-1 No-2

Do your children take home the cookedfood provided under ICDS/mid

day meal? 1. Yes

2. If No, where does he/she

eats it?

Any adult girl in your family receive/take IFA tablets 1. Yes

2. No

Any child in the family is mal nourished (Has Red Card)

How do you take care of the malnourished child

Pregnancy & Health Care (Last Five years)

Who was pregnant in the family (Relation with HoH) 1. Spouse of the HoH

2. Daughter

2. Daughter in Law

4. Other (Specify)

Age of the pregnant mother and

What is the number of pregnancy ?

Age:

Number of pregnancy:

Do/did she receive three doses of TT

1. Yes 2. No

Is/Was she receiving Take Home Ration

1. Yes 2. No

Is/Was she undergone three ante-natal check-ups

1. Yes 2. No

Any pregnancy related complexity experienced

1. Yes 2. No

If Yes, do/did you check-up in sub-centre/PHC/CHC

1. Yes 2. No

Any health care counselling provided during pregnancy? If yes, who

has provided it?

Where was the child took birth (if delivery completed) 1. Sub-Centre 2. PHC



2. CHC / SH / DHH

4. Pvt. Nursing Home

3. Assisted Home Delivery

6. Home-Not Assisted

Any post-natal check-up after delivery

1. Yes 2. No

Any infant death in the family in last five years

1. Yes 2. No

If Yes, Reasons of infants death 1.

Any pregnancy/delivery related mortality in last five year

1. Yes 2. No

If Yes, reasons of mortality 1.

Any health awareness camp organized in your village 1. Yes 2. No

What kind of ailments do your children have in last six months?

How much expenditure do you have to incur?

VI Elementary and Secondary Education

Do your family have any school going children 1. Yes

2. No

If Yes, type of school they are currently attending

School Type (more than

one response is

possible)

Boys Girls Total

P UP SE P UP SE P UP SE

1. Govt schools

3. Pvt. School



4. Other (Specify)

If the family is not having any school going children

Any children attended school in last 3 years in the family 1. Yes

2. No

Educational facilities availed by children (current/earlier) Ch-1 Ch-2 Ch-3 Ch-4 Ch-5 Ch-6

1. School Uniform 1-Yes, 2-No

2. Scholarship

3. Reading Materials

4. Boarding in SSD school

5. Mid-Day Meal

6. Bicycle

7. Health check-up

8. Other (Specify)

Any case of dropout of children from elementary level 1. Yes 2. No If Yes, Dropped out from which standard

Priymary-1

High School-2

Higher Secondary-3

If dropped out of school, reasons thereof Ch-1 Ch-2 Ch-3 Ch-4 Ch-5 Ch-6

1. Economic support to family

2. No interest in education

3. Migration of parents / family members

4. Poor educational facility in schools (Toilet etc.)

5. Accommodation facility not provided



6. Irregularity of teacher

7. Helping in domestic front (child care, cooking etc.)

8. Education not in tribal / understandable language

9. Distance of the school from habitation

10. No/poor transportation facility

11. Other (Specify)

Is there any child in the family who have taken re admission in the

school after being dropped out? Yes No

If Yes, in which class and school?

Who has facilitated re admission in the school?

How the income is compensated in case he/she was working before?

Any Child in the family who have never attended school 1. Yes

2.No

Reasons of not attending school Ch-1 Ch-2 Ch-3 Ch-4 Ch-5 Ch-6

1. Economic support to family

2. No interest in education

3. Migration of parents / family members

4. Poor educational facility in schools (Toilet etc.)

5. Accommodation facility not provided

6. Irregularity of teacher

7. Helping in domestic front (child care, cooking etc.)

8. Education not in tribal / understandable language



9. Distance of the school from habitation

10. No/poor transportation facility

11. Other (Specify)

Do you know about Right of Children for free and compulsory

education?

Yes-1 No-2

Is there any instance where any of the primary schools near by have denied

for enrolment of your child or children from your village, in to the school? Yes-1 No-2

If Yes, then why the children was denied for admission into the

school?

What did you do to enroll your children?

Do your children take tuition for studies?

If yes, where it is? Tuition centre of SKK or private tutor?

How much money you spend for private tuition

How much money you have spent for purchasing uniform, shoes,

books and copies etc for your children in last one year

Uniform Shoes

Books and copies

Any other

Have you ever attended Parent Teacher Meeting at School/Mothers

meeting at ICDS? How many times in last one year?

Why do you think it is important to attend the meeting?

VII Engagement and Income (Livelihoods)

Total Earning Members in the Family

1. Adult Male:

2. Adult Female:

3. Children (< 14 Years):



No. of Members Engaged for > = 6 Months in a Year

1. Male:

2. Female:

No. of Members Engaged for < 6 Months in a Year

1. Male:

2. Female:

Total Dependents in the Family (Non-Workers)

1. Male:

2. Female

Sector of Engagement (Current) Age of the household members

< 14 Years 18-60 Years 60+ Years

No. Days No. Days No. Days

Agriculture

Wage (Agriculture / Non-Agriculture)

Petty Business / Trading

Salaried Services (Permanent)

Contractual Job (Temporary)

Artisan / Weaver

Forest Produce Collection (Timber/Non-Timber)

Other (Specify)

For how many years/months the child is/has been engaged in work? How many hours a day he/she works/used to

work?

If the child has stopped working the reason thereof



Major Sources of Income of the Family (Average Income) Sector Income Increased/

decreased/remain same in

last three years

1. Agriculture

3. Wage

2. NTFP

4. Salary

5. Business

6. SHG

Major expenditure of the family incurred for children? (Last One Year) Special food for

children

Health

Education

Any other

Why do you think these expenditure is important?

If your Household income decreases by 10% which expenditure would

you curtail first?

If it is decreased by 20%?

If it is decreased by 50%

How do you meet your credit needs 1. Borrowings from friends / relatives



2. Borrowing from local Money Lender/s

3. Borrowing against mortgaging household articles

4. Credit from shops

5. Loan from formal financial institutions (bank

etc.)

6. Credit from other sources (specify)

Do you have any live loan from any financial institution 1. Yes

2. No

Do you have a grain bank? How it has benefitted you?

Do you have any kitchen garden? If yes, how it is benefitting you?

What are the three most important changes in your family in last three years

What do you think are the most important factor that has contributed for the change in your life

Whom did you consult for solving the problems related to health, education, income of your family?



How do you want see your child in future?

What is your plan to ensure that your child reaches that position in future