Final Report Group-D - rajukdhaka.gov.bd REPORT Executive Summary Detailed Area Plan: Group-D (Extension work of Group-C) GBL Page-1 Executive Summary The Final Report is the most

FINAL REPORT Executive Summary Detailed Area Plan: Group-D (Extension work of Group-C)

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Executive Summary

The Final Report is the most important and comprehensive of all the reports submitted as per TOR. This report of Group-D describes about the development strategies, critical planning issues development plan proposals and implementation of the plans. It incorporates the survey results, findings of stakeholders’ consultations, formulation of planning principles and standards, development activities and proposals of other development agencies, private sectors and NGOs and finally consideration of opinion of Professional Bodies and report on Public Hearing. It also includes the broad landuse plans and policies for existing and new urban areas. This report also considers continuing population pressure, incompatible land use and immense pressure on existing urban facilities and services to create an acceptable living condition needed for urgent intervention.

Group-D is located under SPZ-18 and its total area is 8008.10 acres where Keraniganj is the only partial Thana under this project area. It is bounded by the rivers Buriganga and Dhaleshwari. It is a part of the active delta of the Burhiganga-Dhaleshwari flood plain. It lies to the immediate western side of Dhaka city and is sharply demarcated by the Buriganga River.

The consultant has thoroughly examined the planning standards recommended in the recent Metropalitan Development Plans of Dhaka, Chittagong, Khulna and Rajshahi for different facilities like, educational institutions, open space/ park, neighbourhood/ community centre, health centre, market, graveyard etc and hierarchy of road network and suggested a suitable/ uniform standard for areas under Group-D.

Since the considerable lands of Gorup-D area are low lying and at present not suitable for urban development, about one third of the total land may be reserved for urban agriculture, one-third area for retention ponds and rest one third of the lands are proposed for urban development.

Some Private developers are developing some areas through earth filling in Group-D in flood flow areas including some existing khals and retention ponds without considering future drainage and water logging problems of the flood prone areas. It has been suggested to control and monitor the activities of the developers and guide them to develop the area in a planned manner indicated in the DMDP plan.

FINAL REPORT Table of Content Detailed Area Plan: Group-D (Extension work of Group-C)

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TABLE OF CONTENT: Page

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1

CHAPTER I: BACKGROUND

1.1 Introduction 7

1.2 Background 7

1.3 Purpose of the Detailed Area Plan (DAP) 8

1.4 Objective of the Project 9

1.4.1 General Objectives 9

1.4.2 Specific Project Objectives 9

1.5 Custodian of the Detailed Area Plan 9

1.6 Duration of the Detailed Area Plan (DAP) and Amendment Options 10

1.7 Format of the Detailed Area Plan 10

1.7.1 Explanatory Report 10

1.7.2 Integrated Planning Map 10

1.8 Description of the Planning Area 11

1.8.1 Administrative and Cadastral Boundaries 11

1.8.2 Geo-physical Profile 14

1.9 Review of Previous Plans and Proposals 18

1.9.1 Master Plan for Dhaka, 1959 18

1.9.2 Dhaka Metropolitan Area Integrated Urban Development Project (DMAIUDP)

20

1.9.3 DMDP Structure Plan and Urban Area Plan 20

1.10 Public Consultation 22

1.10.1 Consultation With Local Government Authorities 22

1.10.2 Consultation With Different Communities 22

1.10.3 Public Hearing 24

1.10.4 Consultation With Public Representatives 24

1.11 Draft DAP Review by Review Committee 25

CHAPTER II: CRITICAL PLANNING ISSUES

2.1 Existing Development Pattern 26

2.1.1 General 28

2.1.2 Residential Areas 29


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2.1.3 Industrial and Commercial Land use 29

2.1.4 Utility Services 34

2.1.5 Non-urbanized Area 34

2.1.6 Infrastructure: Physical 34

2.1.7 Infrastructure: Social 42

2.1.8 Land Ownership and Value 46

2.2 Expected Development 47

2.2.1 Population 47

2.2.2 Economic Activities 48

2.2.3 Landuse and settlement 48

2.2.4 Settlement Development 49

2.3 Development Problems 49

2.3.1 Hydrology (Drainage and Flooding) 49

2.3.2 Geological Fault 50

2.3.3 Cerculation and Transportation Network 54

2.3.4 Environmental Concern 57

2.3.5 Shelter and Settlement 60

2.4 Stake Holders’ Wish List of Projects 61

CHAPTER III: DEVELOPMENT PLAN PROPOSALS

3.1 Relevent Structure Plan and Urban Area Plan Policies 62

3.1.1 Dhaka Structure Plan (1995-2015) 62

3.1.2 Urban Area Plan (1995-2015) 62

3.2 Designing Principles and Standards 63

3.3 General Development Strategies 64

3.4 Proposed Infrastructure Development 68

3.4.1 Major existing and Planned Network 68

3.4.2 Link Road Development Program 73

3.4.3 Road Widening Programme 74

3.4.4 Commuter rail Network 74

3.5 Description of the Plan 77


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CHAPTER IV: Plan Implementation

4.1 Area Development Priorities and Phasing 78

4.2 Public Sector Action Program 79

4.3 Development Control and Zoning 80

4.4 Land Management 82

CHAPTER V: PROJECT PLAN

5.1 Introduction 84

5.2 Description of the projects 84

5.3 Indication of Project Cost 84

CHAPTER VI: FOLLOW UP ACTIONS

6.1 Introduction 85

6.2 Follow up Actions 85

6.2.1 Awareness Building 85

6.2.2 Willingness of the Authorities to implement the Plan 85

6.2.3 Revision of existing and formulation of new legal provisions relevant to DAP

85

6.2.4 Identification and Preparation of Policies for Non Conforming Uses

85

6.2.5 Preparation of Action Area Plan 85

6.2.6 Resolving Duality of Power in Granting Planning Permit 86

6.2.7 Decentralization of RAJUK Function 86

6.2.8 Bringing Potential Areas for Urban Growth under Municipal Authority

86

6.2.9 Strengthening Planning Department 86

6.2.10 Co-ordination Among Related Authorities/ Agencies 87

6.2.11 Enforcement of Law for Restoring Plan 87

6.2.12 Provision of penalty for Plan Violation 87

6.2.13 Plan Review 87

CHAPTER VII: CONCLUSION 88

ANNEX 1: List of proposed project in the study area 90


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List of Tables

Table 1-1: Required Maps with corresponding Scale ................................................................................ 10 Table 1-2: Drainage Channel of the Study Area (in km.) .......................................................................... 15 Table 1-3: Water Supply Facilities ........................................................................................................... 15 Table 1-4: Details of Existing Landuse ..................................................................................................... 16 Table 2-1: Administrative status of Dhaka DMDP area ............................................................................ 26 Table 2-3: Height Distribution of Residential Pucca Buildings ................................................................ 29 Table 2-4: Structure Type of Commercial Buildings ................................................................................. 29 Table 2-5: Number of Different Types of Industries in the study area ....................................................... 32 Table 0-6: Drainage channel of the study area ......................................................................................... 34 Table 2-7: Electricity covrage of the study area ....................................................................................... 36 Table 2-8: Union wise road network in the study area .............................................................................. 37 Table 2-9: Existing water bodies of the area ............................................................................................ 40 Table 2-10: Existing Drainage Channel of the Study Area ........................................................................ 40 Table 2-11: Different Types of Educational Institutions ........................................................................... 42 Table 2-12: Number of Religious Institutions in the Study Area................................................................ 44 Table 2-13: Number of Health Facilities in the Study Area ...................................................................... 44 Table 2-14: Number of Market Facilities in the Study Area ...................................................................... 46 Table 2-15: Present Land Value in the Study Area ................................................................................... 46 Table 2-16: Mouzawise projected and additional population in 2015 ....................................................... 47 Table 2-17: Union wise road network in the Study Area ........................................................................... 54 Table 2-18: List of proposed roads with Priority, Phasing and implementing agency............................... 55 Table 3-1: Proposed Drainage Network in the study area ........................................................................ 66 Table 3-2: Recommended Road Standards ................................................................................................ 68 Table 3-3: Structre Plan Proposed Road .................................................................................................. 69 Table 3-4: Road Proposed by consultant .................................................................................................. 69 Table 3-5: List of Proposed Roads with Priority Phasing and Implementing Agency ................................ 71 Table 3-6: Planning Standards for Roads (Recent Metropolitan Plans).................................................... 73 Table 4-1: Population information of the Study Area ................................................................................ 80 Table 4-2: Recommended Planning Standard for Different Facilities ....................................................... 81


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List of Maps

Map 1-1: Location of Group-D Area (Extension of Group-C) in the context of DMDP............................. 12 Map 1-2: Administrative Boundary of Group-D Area (Extension of Group-C) ......................................... 13 Map 2-1: Location of Residential Building in the Study Area ................................................................... 30 Map 2-2: Location of Commercial Area in the Study Area........................................................................ 31 Map 2-3: Location of Industrial Area in the Study Area ........................................................................... 33 Map 2-4: Existing different types of road network of the study area ......................................................... 38 Map 2-5: Map Showing Drainage Network in the Study Area ................................................................... 41 Map 2-6: Map Showing Location of the Educational Institution ............................................................... 43 Map 2-7: Location of Religious and Health Services in the Study Area .................................................... 45 Map 2-8: Existing Road Network in the Study Area .................................................................................. 56 Map 3-1: Proposed retention pond in the study area ................................................................................ 67 Map 3-2: Existing road network in the Study Area ................................................................................... 70 Map 3-3: Proposed Road Network in the Study Area ................................................................................ 72 Map 3-4: Existing Landuse of the Study Area ........................................................................................... 75 Map 3-5: Proposed Landuse of the Study Area ......................................................................................... 76

FINAL REPORT Chapter I: Background Detailed Area Plan: Group-D (Extension work of Group-C)

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CHAPTER-I: Background

1.1 Introduction

The Final Report for Group-D is the fourth of a series of report submitted under the Detail Area Plan (DAP). It has considered the existing development pattern, socio-economic condition and future development potentialities to construct the features of DAP. It incorporates the survey results, findings of stakeholders’ consultations, formulation of planning principles and standards, development activities and proposals of other development agencies, private sectors and NGOs, integrated planning proposals, the broad land use plan and policies for existing and new urban areas.

1.2 Background

The major factor behind rapid urbanization in Bangladesh has been the rural-urban migration. This phenomenon was little known prior to the partition in 1947. The pace of urbanization slowly picked up speed and reached an unimaginable peak after the War of Independence. This unprecedented growth coupled with the unplanned growth of settlements made the preparation of new urban plan an imperative for fast growing towns. Plans were previously prepared for Dhaka and Chittagong by a British firm of Consultants in 1959. However, this plan though proved useful initially for the purpose of guided development of the cities was soon overtaken by events that could not be foreseen by anybody at the time of their preparation in the fifties of the last century. Dhaka became many times larger than the size visualized earlier and consequently the plans became superseded and useless as the instrument of development control. Necessity of preparation of an up-to-date urban plan became obvious even to the ordinary citizens. However, the bureaucratic red-tapism and a general lack of comprehension regarding plan preparation and implementation caused valuable time. Finally, in early 1990s, a new plan was prepared by RAJUK with the assistance of UNDP/UNCHS. Dhaka Metropolitan Development Plan (DMDP) was finally prepared during 1992-95.

The DMDP plan is based on modern concepts, which differ fundamentally from earlier practice of preparing end-state plans, which becomes out-dated in a dynamic growth situation. The DMDP is a three-tier plan package namely Structure Plan providing longer time guidance for growth of the cities followed by the Urban Area Plan with shorter time frame providing direction for implementation of the existing urban areas and their immediate surroundings exhibiting some development pressure. The Detailed Area Plan (DAP) is also based on actual survey and studies and covers individual parts of town where immediate intervention is needed.


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The DMDP Consultants prepared the first two items in considerable details but did not prepare any DAP. Although initially the idea was to precede selectively taking the high-pressure zones first and then gradually taking up lesser priority zones, this strategy was adapted as Structure Plan accepts and recognizes the uncertainty of future and leaves more detailed problem for resolution nearer the time they occur. This is more applicable for areas where growth of population and economic development cannot be determined with any degree of precision. However, events in metro-Dhaka overlook this assumption and it is observed that in reality development has been initiated by private and individual developers in areas designated as low priority, flood flow zones and retention pond reserves. Naturally, it has become an imperative to prepare Detailed Area Plan for whole of metro-Dhaka and this bold decision by RAJUK may prove to be beneficial for the city in the long run.

The on-going project of preparation of Detailed Area Plans of five sites is grouped based on geographical location and settlement pattern seek to prepare detailed spatial plans. This is the culmination of the "three tier plans" (1995-2015) of Dhaka Metropolitan Area as was originally envisaged.

1.3 Purpose of Detailed Area Plans

The Dhaka Metropolitan Development Plan indicates that until a Detailed Area Plan is prepared for a sub-area, land use management functions will be exercised through the policies, guidelines and principles found in the Structure Plan and Urban Area Plan. However, without DAP efficient land management would not be possible. Therefore, RAJUK has taken initiatives to accomplish the preparation of Detailed Area Plan (DAP) for the entire area under its jurisdiction, within stipulated time through engaging local competent consulting firms.

The study area is located under SPZ-18. The area consists of only a part of Keraniganj Thana. The area has large-scale productive agricultural land and at present experiencing a tremendous centripetal force towards the city. Construction of second Buriganga Bridge, Dhaka-Mawa road and Dhaleshwari Bridge attracted the development, which needs immediate attention for sustainable environment, as these bridges will have great potentiality for promoting development in the sub-regional context as well. Detailed Area Plan, thus, introduced with the aim to shaping the infrastructural and economic developments in those areas in a sustainable manner. It was done considering the settlement patterns, urban activities, topography and sustainable environment, compatible land use indicated in the Structure Plan and Urban Area Plan as mixed use planned, mixed use spontaneous, hazardous industrial, flood flow, agriculture high value zone etc. would be reviewed for appropriate proposal. The DAP also have considered the safety and critical environmental issues like drainage, flood flow, retention pond, geological fault lines etc.


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1.4 Objective of the Project

The main objective of Detailed Area Plan (DAP) is to implement the Structure Plan (SP) and Urban Area Plan (UAP) policies and recommendations providing a basic Urban Design of good quality functional aesthetic quality and flexibility.

1.4.1 General Objectives

The general objectives of the consultancy services for the preparation of Detailed Area Plan for RAJUK Structure Plan area envisages:

• Implement Structure Plan and Urban Area Plan policies

• Guide and control urban development in an orderly manner in preferred areas of urban expansion

• Create an urban environment enabling citizens enjoy the services that suit urban living.

1.4.2 Specific Project Objectives

• Implementation of Dhaka Metropolitan Development Plan 1995-2015

• Data Management and Dissemination

• Preparation of Multi-sector Investment Plan

• Ensuring Clarity and Security of Investment

• Providing Guideline for Development

• Ensuring Sustainable Environment

1.5 Custodian of the Detailed Area Plan

Section 73 (1) of the Town Improvement Act 1953 empowers RAJUK to ‘Prepare a Master Plan for the Area within its jurisdiction indicating the manner in which it proposes that land should be used (whether by carrying out thereon of development or otherwise) and the stages by which any such development should be carried out. At present three-tier development plan in the form of Structure Plan, Urban Area Plan and Detailed Area Plans are prepared. DMDP has been published in the Official Gazette on August 4, 1997 (SRO N.1834-law/97) and has become a legal document for the guidance of development of Dhaka. Rajdhani Unnayan Kartripakkha is the custodian of DMDP; as such RAJUK is the custodian of the Detailed Area Plan prepared under it as well. As the custodian of all the three-tier of plans including the Detailed Area Plan prepared under the present project, RAJUK has the responsibility of development control of its jurisdiction area either by itself or with the co-operation of other agencies of the government responsible for carrying out development activities within RAJUK’s jurisdiction.


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1.6 Duration of the Detailed Area Plan (DAP) and Amendent Options

Usually a plan is prepared for a period of 20 to 25 years. DMDP has been prepared for 20 years carrying 1995-2015 periods. As such, the Detailed Area Plan prepared under this project extends to 2015. However, every plan requires periodic review and updating which is usually done every five years. The consultants propose that the plan should be reviewed at the end of 2015. At the same time, initiative should be taken for review and updating of the plan accordingly at the end of 2015, so that it can be extended for a further period of 10 years, i.e. 2025. Section 74 (2) of the Town Improvement Act empowers RAJUK to amend its plan from time to time. If development trend during this period (2015-25) calls for the preparation of a fresh three-tier development plan, RAJUK by dint of the authority conferred to it by Section 73 (1) of Town Improvement Act shall take initiative to prepare a new plan for its jurisdiction.

1.7 Format of Detailed Area Plans

The format of Detailed Area Plan consists of Explanatory Report and Integrated Planning Map.

1.7.1 Explanatory Report The Explanatory Report provides an account of the design process, demographic and socio-economic data, and sector wise thematic maps, information on higher level planning context and a description of the Integrated Planning Map. The Report contains maps on a scale that is appropriate to the information they carry and convenient for inclusion in a Report.

1.7.2 Integrated Planning Map The Integrated Planning Map shows different layers of information like the cadastral base, administrative boundaries, geo-physical features (contour line, water bodies), infrastructures and existing/proposed land use. Following are the description of Integrated Planning Map for the Detailed Area Plan:

Table 1-1: Required Maps with corresponding Scale 1

a) Base Map (Study Area Map): C.S. Mauza Scale 1:1980 b) Base Map (Study Area Map): R.S. Mauza Scale 1:1980

2

a) Physical Feature Survey (Road+Water Bodies+Floor Heights ): Scale 1:1980 b) Physical Feature Survey (Road+Water Bodies+Structure Type ): Scale 1:1980 c) Physical Feature Survey (Road+Water Bodies+ Structure Use): Scale 1:1980

3 Land Use Map Scale 1:1980 4 Topographic Map Scale 1:1980 5

Utility Services (Thematic) a) Road Network Scale 1:990 b) River / Khal / Drainage (with Road Network) Scale 1:1980 c) Gas / Electricity / Water Supply (with Road Network) Scale 1:1980

6 Integrated Planning Map Scale 1:3960 7 Integrated Planning Map Scale 1:1980 8 Project Maps Scale 1:990

Source: Terms of Reference (ToR)


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The DAP consists of reports and maps in scale as appropriate for effective communication and interaction with supporting documents. The DAP has to consider continuing population pressure, incompatible land use and immense pressure on urban facilities and services creating an unacceptable living condition which needs urgent intervention. An important parallel objective of the Detailed Area Plan project is to prepare Urban Development Plan within the framework of a new planning process named, Detailed Planning Zone or DPZ; which are smaller than Spatial Planning Zone or SPZ. An SPZ is basically broad zone of different land uses, character and population density, showing main lines of communication, principal institutional uses and its homogenity and other main functions. However, the size of the study area is in a manageable standard if it is being consider as a single unit. The area is not a built up in nature.

1.8 Description of the Planning Area

1.8.1 Administrative and Cadastral Boundaries

The area under Group-D of part C is broadly bounded from the north by the Group-D part E, from east Location-2 and 3, from south by Group-D part A. The study area is located under SPZ-18 and its total area is 8413.74 acres where Keraniganj is the only partial Thana under this project area. It is bounded by the rivers Buriganga and Dhaleshwari. It is a part of the active delta of the Burhiganga-Dhaleshwari flood plain. It lies to the immediate western side of Dhaka city and can be sharply demarcated by the Buriganga River.


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Map 1-1: Location of Group-D Area (Extension of Group-C) in the context of DMDP

Legend

In Associatio n with Development Design Co nsultants Ltd.

Rajdhani U nnayan Kartipakkha (RAJUk)Dhaka Metropolitan Development Plan (DMDP)Drtailed Area Planning (DAP)

Co nsultant:Ganibangla Ltd.

Loc-6

Loc-10

Group-B

Loc-

16

Loc-5

Group-C

Loc-2

Loc-1

Group-D Part-A

Group-D Part-B

Loc-3

Group-E

Group-A

Group-A

Purbachal

Loc-15

Group-D art-E

Loc-

4

Loc-9

Loc-11

Group-D Part-C

1:351340Field SurveyData Source :

Projection :

Date : May, 2008

Map Refe rence No : Draft F inal Report Group-D (Extensio n o f G roup-C)

Prep ared By:

Map History

Prep ared For:

( A 4 Paper Size)Scale -

7000 0 7000 14000 21000 Meters

Water BodyGroup-D Part-CDMDP Group Boundary

Location of Project Area

520000

520000

540000

540000

560000

560000

6000

00

600000

6200

00

620000

6400

00

640000

6600

00

660000

BTM

Source: Physical Feature Survey, 2006


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Map 1-2: Administrative Boundary of Group-D Area (Extension of Group-C)

1000 0 1000 2000 Meters

Scale - ( A 4 Paper Size)

Prep ared For:

Map History

Prep ared By:

Draft F inal Report Group-D (Extensio n o f G roup-C)

Map Refe rence No :

May , 2008Date :

Projection : Data Sour ce : Field Survey

1:49636

Co ns ultant:Ganibangla Ltd.

Rajdhani U nnayan Kartipakk ha (RAJUk )Dhak a Metropo litan Develo pment Pl an (DM DP)Drtailed Area Planning (DAP)

In As sociatio n with Develo pment Desig n Co ns ultants Ltd.

Waterbody

Mouza Boundary

Union Boundary

Locat ion Boundary

Exist ing Road Network

Legend

Kalatia

Kalatia

KalatiaKalatia

KalatiaKalatia

Rohitpur

Rohitpur

Sakta

Sakta

Sakta

Kalatia

Sakta

Tara NagarTara Nagar


SaktaSakta

Sakta

Sakta

Tara Nagar

Tara Nagar

Tara Nagar

Sakta

Sakta

Sakta

Sakta

Tara Nagar

Kalatia Union

Sakta Union

Taranagar Union

Rohitpur Union

G r o u p - D ( E x t ye

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532000

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536000

536000

6180

00

618000

6200

00

620000

6220

00

622000

6240

00

624000

6260

00

626000

Administrative Boundary

BTM



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1.8.2 Geo-physical Profile

a. Geology and Soil

Group-D area is low lying and a part of flood plain of the Dhaleshshari River. It seems that the geo-physical condition of the area may not be favourable for vertical expansion.

The project area is covered with Pleistocene Madhupur clay and Holocene sediments belonging to the Ganges-Brahmaputra flood plain. The area is covered with recent flood plain deposits.

On the basis of geomorphological expression and sediment characteristics, the area has been divided into nine geological units having deposits of the following:

1. Sand bar/ point bar

2. Active natural levee

3. Flood plain

4. Depression

5. Abandoned channel

6. Gully fill

7. High flood plain

8. Old natural levee

9. Madhupur clay.

b. Topography

Average elevation of the area is 4.014 m. from the mean sea level. According to the survey data most of the study area has an elevation of -0.80 m. to 9.542 m. The highest elevation is seen in Taranagar Union at Bara Joynagar Mouza (9.54 m.). Lowest elevation in the study area is also found in Total Mouza of Taranagar Union whose elevation is less than 0.1 m. from the mean sea level.

There are different categories of roads found in the study area. The total amount of pucca roads, bituminous carpeted roads, linking different unions of the study area, is 127.86 km. and among them pucca, semi-pucca and kutcha are 38.92 km, 28.08 km. and 60.84 km. respectively in the project area where maximum pucca road has fallen in Sakta (18.31 km.) union. Semi pucca road, also called HBB (Herring Bone Bond) or brick soling road. The length of semi pucca roads is about 28.08 km. in the study area. The rest of the category is kutcha road, which are rural roads, and its length is 60.08 km. Sakta union is covered by maximum kutcha roads (30.03 km).


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Only natural drainage is available in the project area. The total length of natural drain is

about 55.77 km, which includes both river (5.09 km.) and khal (50.68 km.). Most of the

khals are passed through the Kalatia and Sakta union, which are 16.07 km. and 22.83

km. respectively and are shown in Table 1-2. However, man made drain is totally

absence in the project area except 0.30 km. of kutcha drain.

Table 1-2: Drainage Channel of the Study Area (in km.)

Union Pucca drain Kutcha drain Khal River Total Kalatia (Partial) 0.00 0.00 16.07 0.00 16.07 Ruhitpur (Partial) 0.00 0.06 4.78 0.00 4.84 Sakta 0.00 0.24 22.83 5.09 28.16 Taranagar (Partial) 0.00 0.00 7.00 0.00 7.00

Total 0.00 0.30 50.68 5.09 56.07

Source: Field survey, 2006

The study area is located out side of municipal area, so the overall garbage disposal

system of the project area is not satisfactory. There is no provision for the disposal of

household and other solid waste. Most of the dwellers dispose their garbage sporadically

and some times, it is used to produce compost in unhealthy manner, which reduces the

aesthetic view of the respective area. For the lack of final disposal site, the daily

gathered waste is polluting the surrounding environment continuously.

Table 1-3 shows that tubewell is the main source of water supply all over the area. Most

of the houses has own hand tubewells that provide necessary water supply for the

people. However, there are some multi storied buildings that has own water reservoir to

provide water supply. They use private motor to store water in their water reservoirs.

Beside these about twentyseven (27) deep tube-wells and three (3) pump houses are

available in the study area, which are being used for irrigation purposes.

Table 1-3: Water Supply Facilities

Union Deep Tube-well Overhead Tank Pump House Total Kalatia (Partial) 12.00 0.00 1.00 13.00 Ruhitpur (Partial) 1.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 Sakta 4.00 0.00 2.00 6.00 Taranagar (Partial) 10.00 0.00 0.00 10.00

Total 27.00 0.00 3.00 30.00

Source: Field Survey, 2006


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The gas supply system does not cover the study area. Electricity is supplied by the Power Development Board (PDB). About 9.17 km. high voltage and 119.85 km. low voltage electricity supply network is available in the study area.

The physical feature survey shows that major areas are covered by agriculture and it is about 52.81% of the total land. The second major land use is vacant and occupying about 21.68 % of the study area, while residential land is about 11.44% of the total land uses. Beside these, about 12.10% of the land is used for water body, about 0.22 % for manufacturing and about 1.15% for transport and communication purposes. Land use under open space and community services in the entire study area are about 0.07 % and 0.05 % respectively. Existing land use pattern is shown in Table 1-4.

Table 1-4: Details of Existing Landuse

SL. No. Land use Area in acre Percentage1 Agriculture 4443.49 52.81 2 Vacant Land 1824.11 21.68 3 Water body 1018.09 12.10 4 Residential 962.34 11.44 5 Transport & Communication 96.93 1.15 6 Commercial Activity 25.07 0.30 7 Manufacturing & Processing Activity 18.85 0.22 8 Education & Research 9.46 0.11 9 Open Space 6.22 0.07

10 Community Service 4.07 0.05 11 Mixed Use 3.39 0.04 12 Service Activity 0.88 0.01 13 Recreational Facilities 0.36 0.00 14 Miscellaneous 0.31 0.00 15 Governmental Services 0.18 100.00

Total 8413.74 100.00 Source: Field Survey, 2006

c. Climate

TEMPERATURE

The climate of Dhaka is fairly equable, the maximum temperature recorded in Dhaka is 42.22°C, the minimum 5° C and the average temperature is 25.66°C. Good weather begins in November and for four months the climate remains fairly pleasant. In March, however, the days grow hot. May to June is hotter. January is the coldest month.

RAINFALL

The Maximum rainfall recorded in Dhaka is 2633 mm. the minimum is 1197 mm. and the normal is 1863 annually. During the dry season (from November to March) the total rainfall is 133 mm.


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PREVAILING WINDS

From November to March, the prevailing winds are often from the north and north-west. In March, sudden storms from the north-west are by no means uncommon and are a source of considerable danger to the light crafts cruising in the rivers. From April to October the wind is generally from the east and southeast. It is heavily laden with moisture, but it does much to mitigate the rigorous of the climate.

d. Geological Fault

Geographically Bangladesh finds itself in one of the most earthquake prone areas of the world. The Dhaka Metropolitan area is intersected by many geological faults. As per Earthquake Risk Index (ERI) Dhaka is one of the riskiest cities in the world. “Although geologically Dhaka is in the second earthquake prone zone, its vulnerability is due to its non-engineered structures’, said experts (Daily Star, August 25, 2006). The Structure Plan identified three fault lines.

Baunia Fault is a small feature in the Baunia depression, west of Dhaka Zia International Airport; this lineament is characterized by sigmoidal fractures.

Bansi Fault is one of the major structural features in the area. It has developed in the western part of the Madhupur Tract, along which zone the Bansi River flows. The fault is approximately 70 miles long. The western block is the down thrown block and the eastern block is the up thrown block. The Bansi Fault is also characterized by sharp fault scarps, hanging valleys, abnormal ground level and springs.

Turag Fault is approximately 10 miles long. The feature is characterized by abnormal ground level. The northern block of the Turag Lineament moved west and the southern block east. The Turag River (Tongi Khal) flows along the northern boundary of the FAP-8A and FAP-8B project area embankments.

As these may pose restrictions to urban development (especially high rise construction), the alignment of the zone of influence has to be ascertained, while special building conditions may have to be included in the explanatory report that goes with the Detailed Area Plan. Development control should be exercised in these areas through Building Construction Rules, 1996 and Bangladesh National Building Code (BNBC), 1993 to avoid any possible disaster due to earthquake.

From geological setting and topography, it is clear that Dhaka City and its surrounding area have experienced major and minor faulting at different times. Some faults and lineaments were observed in satellite images and aerial photographs and were confirmed through field surveys but, in many places, human settlement activities have destroyed the field evidences.

During field investigations, a sharp litho logical change observed in Dhaka City and its surroundings. There are many evidences of down-thrown blocks of the fault. Except for


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rapid subsidence, there is also evidence that there is a sharp lateral contract between layers. Considering various facts, it may be inferred that there is a displacement due to faulting. The north-south trend is considered to be the probable alignment of this fault.

However, the project area falls in the earthquake Zone-2 of the seismic map of Bangladesh Besides main sediments of the many parts of the project area are poorly compacted, highly plastic, collapsible thick peat and organic clay layers. With the presence of organic layers and sediments with low compaction, the area is considered to be a weaker foundation layer.

Any civil construction needs very careful attention and special foundation treatment as well as design is recommended. Provisions of BC Rules 1996 and BNBC 1993 have to be strictly followed.

During field investigations, a sharp litho logical change observed in Dhaka City and its surroundings. There are many evidences of down-thrown blocks of the fault. Except for rapid subsidence, there is also evidence that there is a sharp lateral contract between layers. Considering various facts, it may be inferred that there is a displacement due to faulting. The north-south trend is considered to be the probable alignment of this fault.

1.9 Previous Plan Proposals

The statements and recommendations of previous higher-level plans relevant to the current plan and their success and failures have been considered. These plans include Master Plan for Dacca, 1959, Dhaka Metropolitan Integrated Urban Development Plan, 1981, Report of the Task Force on Bangladesh-Development Strategies for the 1990’s, Formulation of Land Development Controls and Proceeding for Dhaka City, Greater Dhaka Metropolitan Area Integrated Transport Study, Dhaka Metropolitan Development Plan, 1995-2015 and Strategic Transport Plan of 2008.

1.9.1 Master Plan for Dhaka, 1959

a. Relevant Recommendations In the Master Plan of Dhaka 1959, some recommendations were made for residential, -commercial, industrial and open space zoning. West side of Johnson Road and Chakbazar (in old Dhaka) was recommended for public building zone. The plan deprecated any extensive development in the old town for this purpose, as it would involve displacing residential population for whom alternative accommodation would be difficult to find. Some salient features of Dhaka Master Plan, 1959 are as follows:

• The Master Plan of Dhaka, 1959 also suggested that it would be necessary to define the use that would normally be permitted in the various zones, such as residential, commercial and industrial. Building which save rise to special visual and aesthetic problems like petrol filling station, cinemas and hotels, would require very careful consideration before they were permitted in any use zone.


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• In the case of development control, the Master Plan of Dhaka, 1959 suggested that all development including government buildings, should require planning approval; and it should be made clear that, though development might be in accordance with the Master Plan, it would still be subject to detailed zoning regulations. Unfortunately the Government and semi autonomous bodies (even today) did not submit their building plans for planning permission. Since the zoning on Master Plan was in broad outline only, it has undergone changes in 1996 and 2006.

b. Application of the Master Plan for Dhaka, 1959

Master Plan of Dhaka, 1959 also delineated that, "It would still be necessary to prepare the sort of detailed plans envisaged by Section73 of the Town Improvement Act, 1953 though the plan suggested that the requirement to notify everyone who had an interest in the land or buildings of these detailed plans should be done only by public advertisement. Thus, in substantially developed areas the present procedure would develop an immense number of notices."

a. Additional matters for planning control was suggested in the Master Plan were as follows:

b. Height of buildings and height in relation to street widths. c. Proportion of site covered. d. Sitting of buildings. e. Density of houses per acre. f. Minimum size of plots. g. Means of access to buildings. h. Layout plans for development of buildings estates and plot plans. i. Provision of car parking facilities for offices and such special buildings as

cinemas. j. Provisions of service roads where development has frontage into main roads k. Preservation of trees. l. Control over display of advertisements in the interests of traffic safety or

amenity. m. Excavation of land fro fills to raise building sites. n. Temporary prohibition of building of areas where development is premature

because lack of the public amenities.

However, in practice, most of the recommendations and suggestions of the Master Plan of Dhaka, 1959, were in black and white did not find the result. Till then, the practice of zoning in Bangladesh is very poor. The main divisional towns do not follow the zoning principles. Even in the capital itself. Zoning is rarely practiced. Not only public but also the legal bodies are not aware about zoning. As a result, cities without zoning in Bangladesh are in deep crisis. Despite these, the district and upazila towns suffer heavily due to lack of these zonal regulation practices.


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1.9.2 Dhaka Metropolitan Area Integrated Urban Development Project (DMAIUDP)

a. Relevant Recommendations The Dhaka Metropolitan Integrated Urban Development Plan was prepared in 1981, evolved from a series of Reports and Missions concerned with storm water drainage and flood protection. The study was funded by ADB, which strongly recommended that further flood protection investment should await the outcome of a broad multi-sectoral strategic study to evaluate metropolitan planning options. Following the serious floods of 1987 and 1988, a National Flood Action Plan (FAP) was formulated – Dhaka is covered by two such FAPs:

The Dhaka Integrated Flood Protection Project (FAP–8B) for the western part of Greater Dhaka executed and funded by the ADB. It addresses the integration of flood protection works for Dhaka Metropolitan Area, covering an area of 260 sq. km. with other infrastructure and environmental improvement measures in order to maximize its impact. The components of FAP-8B are embankment strengthening, pumping stations, drains, slum/squatter area improvement, sanitation/sewer and solid waste management.

The Greater Dhaka Protection Project (FAP-8A), funded by JICA, formulated a framework for comprehensive flood control and storm water drainage in the Dhaka Metropolitan Area, covering an area of 850 sq. km. It is proposed that an area of 453 sq. km. would be protected, drainage improvements are proposed within the area and non-structural measures are proposed outside. It is expected that the Eastern Bypass will provide the basis for an accelerated implementation of the protection works on the eastern side of the Greater Dhaka area.

b. Application of DMAIUDP

Most of the components is under implementation, specially development in the Eastern Fringe, schemes involving retention pond in the Location-9, 11 and 16. Under this plan greater Dhaka protection project (FAP-8A) will facilitate eastern bypass, which will protect the eastern side of greater Dhaka and will supply flood free land much closer to heart of the Group-C area. In addition, there will be faster southeast development by optimizing exiting and potential new developed areas and natural drainage system and khal will be protected.

1.9.3 DMDP Structure Plan and Urban Area Plan

a. Relevant Recommendations

The Dhaka Metropolitan Development Plan (1995-2015) project was a three-tier Plan Package, viz. the Structure Plan (SP), the Urban Area Plan (UAP) and the Detailed Area Plan (DAP). The first two tiers are completed and published in two volumes under the DMDP. The Plan Documents are approved and published in the Bangladesh Gazette under the notification of SRO No. 184-Law/ 97 dated August 4, 1997. Due to paucity of funds the project could not be run UNDP/UNCHS any further and had to be closed down without preparing detailed area plan component.


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The DMDP Structure Plan provides a long-term strategy for the 20 years for the development of the greater Dhaka sub-region covering 590 sq. miles. It consists of a written report and policy document with various support maps. The report identifies the order of magnitude and direction of anticipated urban growth and defines a broad set of policies considered necessary to achieve the overall plan objectives. The future development proposals were marked in maps in an indicative manner. The Structure Plan recommended strategies for planned new area development, special area development, infrastructure development etc. through community participation.

The Structure Plan described the features of spatial development strategy, how the city’s existing urban resources can be utilized by means of consolidation and accelerated development. It recommended planned new area development through infrastructure led development initiatives. The plan also suggested long-term planned new area development through flood protection and conventional development in dispersed flood free areas. Suggestions were also made to integrate cantonment and control and rehabilitation of the urban core. The plan prepared sectoral plans, policies and proposals under the broad headings of socio-economic sectors and infrastructure sectors.

The DMDP Urban Area Plan (UAP) provides an interim mid-term strategy for the development of existing urban area within the RAJUK administrative boundary. The validity of UAP, though expired in 2005, has been extended through a gazette notification. The area covered by the UAP comprises DCC, Narayanganj, Jinjira, Uttara and Eastern Fringe, while additionally the outlying areas as Tongi, Gazipur, Savar and Dhamrai/Dhamsona are put under consideration. The UAP through its explanatory report, reference maps, interim development management report, interim planning rules, multi-sectoral investment program and urban area plan map provides guidelines for planning and development control of the entire RAJUK area. As such, the UAP will be a flexible development management tool until being superseded over time by DAP. The following sections make a review of the UAP proposals made for the study area.

b. Application of the Structure Plan and Urban Area Plan

Planned new area development, long term planed new area development opportunities, special areas development strategies, infrastructures investment strategies, impact identification on Dhaka spatial development pattern, etc. This was a broad landuse policy guideline for the existing city including urban expansion areas in the form of structure plan.

Secondly, there was another setoff plan named Urban Area Plan, which were interim strategies for 10 years upto 2005. Under this entire DMDP area was divided into 17 SPZ and detail landuse development recommendation has been given after identifying the problems of each SPZ. The adoptions of recommendations of above two plans are under implementation.


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1.10 Public Consultation

1.10.1 Consultation with Local Government Authorities

Inventory of existing plans by public agencies, ongoing or scheduled implementation projects, inventory of public sector objectives and wishes, and of spatial problems affect these objectives, and wishes. The inventory has to start with desk research, followed by additional consultations.

1.10.2 Consultation with Different Communities

For consultation (also in later stages), it is advisable to draw up a separate Communication Plan and reserve sufficient budget for the implementation of this plan. In the Communication Plan an inventory has to be made of interested parties, according to the following categories:

• Public agencies (concern ministries, semi-government, utility, agencies and companies, local government, etc.). • Local communities (e.g. elected representatives, community leaders, local CBO's). • Private developers. • Relevant NGO’s. • Professional and business groups.

Prior to start of the consultation a plan was drawn up to carry on the consultation in an organized manner. The plan contains the categories of stakeholders consulted, issues discussed and the application of the findings of consultations as shown in the table below.

Table 1-5: Communication Plan

Category Stakeholders Issues Discussed Application of Findings

Public Agencies

• Services providing authorities,

• Public companies, local government.

• Possible location of infrastructure & service expansion,

• Problems of infrastructure development,

• Opinion on future urbanization & spatial expansion.

• Designing of infrastructure & services,

• Developing policy proposals for future development.

Local Communities

• Public representatives,

• Teachers, • General public.

• Local problems, • Aspirations of

different groups about future development.

• Potentialities & opportunities.

• Inclusion of people’s aspirations in designing service facilities & in formulation of future development policies.

Private Developers

• Real estate companies & housing cooperatives.

• Problems of real estate development,

• Filling of flood flow areas,

• Integration of housing estates in DAP,

• Formulation of


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• Planning criteria & standards.

planning standards.

NGOs • Representatives of major national & local NGOs.

• NGO programs & activities in the study area,

• Social problems & the role of NGOs.

• Integration of NGO activities in the DAP.

Professional, Business Groups.

• Engineers, Doctors, Lawyers, Journalists etc.

• Problems of environment, open space, encroachment etc.

• Problems relating industrialization.

• Preparation of environment friendly DAPs for the area.

Figure 3.1 Integration Processes of Consultation Findings

Processing and Integration of Consultation Findings

After review and consultation with stakeholders at the field level, the information were

processed through systematization and assimilation and later integrated with detailed

area plans. The interview records were brought from the field in text form in notebooks.

The text records were edited, revised, synthesized and assimilated. Photographs taken

during interview were processed for inclusion in the text as evidence. From synthesized

text key points were identified and separated for inclusion in the DAPs. The proposals

were set in the form of recommendations. Integration of findings was carried out through

design of plan components and policy proposals.

Public Local Private NGOs

Consultation with Stakeholder

Synthesizing

Consultation of Findings

Assimilation of

Selection of Discussion Issue

Integration of Opinions in Design

and Policy Proposals of DAPs


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1.10.3 Public Hearing

As per section 74 of Town Improvement (TI) Act 1953, RAJUK carried out a two month long Public Hearing on the Detailed Area Plan from October 3, 2008 to December 4, 2008. The Public Hearing was carried out through:

• Media Coverage Print Electronic

• Press Conference • Web based Publication • Display of Maps (Hard Copy)

RAJUK Auditorium DAP, PD Office RAJUK Zonal Office at Dhanmandi RAJUK Zonal Office at Mohakhali RAJUK Zonal Office at Uttara

• Explain different aspects of the Plan to the stakeholders by experts • Digital Display upto individual Mauza Plot level in GIS Platform • Collection of Complaints in prescribed format and preparation of checklist • Collection of Complaints in the form of letter to Chairman/P.D.

A total of nearly 200 complaints/comments were made on the plans by the stakeholders of Group-D area. Complaints were received from individuals, groups, institutions/organizations, local co-operatives and Private Developers. Most of the complaints were related to proposed road network. For fear of eviction, the landowners of the plots over which new roads have been proposed have made complaints in a very large number. However, quite a good number of people also appreciated the plan and wanted its early implementation.

1.10.4 Consultation with Public Representatives

As not much information is readily available, emphasis has been on direct consultation, with careful introduction of the background, the status and the purpose of the project to avoid conflicts and make meetings fruitful.

Communities and their leaders are the focal persons to participate in planning and implementation of different development programs and spatial planning. They have been asked regarding their problems they face and which they are able to solve by themselves and for which they need government support.

Key issues discussed:

The teachers and other people of the union councils have mentioned that only a few planning agencies come or consult with the local people regarding the problems and


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development of the area. The study area is outside the DCC jurisdiction so there is no gas supply and sewerage coverage. The study area has no recreational facilities like parks or playground. People dispose their household and other wastes in open ground. Drinking water supply is also absent in the area. The existing Khals and other low lands are almost occupied by some influential people and constructed illegal structures, which causes flood and water logging in the adjacent areas. There are private developers occupying low and agricultural lands.

Findings of discussion:

• The utility services like gas, drinking water and waste disposal system should be provided as early as possible. • There is lack of medical facilities in study area so more hospital facilities should be provided. • The illegal structures inside the Khal should be evicted. It is also important to keep the canal navigable. • The activities of the private developers should be monitored closely so that their development activity could not deteriorate the flood situation of the area.

1.11 Draft DAP Review by Review Committee After finalization of the Draft Plan and public hearing, the findings of DAP was placed before review committee composed of Eminent Academicians, Senior Town Planners, and representatives from concerned interests groups. The purpose of this review was to find out how far accurate and pragmatic the proposals were. The review committee raised certain issue related to future population growth, appropriateness in changing some flood flow zone, retention pond area, etc. This was reviewed and new recommendations from review committee was made and incorporated in the plan.

FINAL REPORT Chapter-II: Critical Planning Issues Detailed Area Plan: Group-D (Extension work of Group-C)

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CHAPTER-II: Critical Planning Issues

2.1 Existing Development Pattern

2.1.1 General

Dhaka Metropolitan Development plan area having being the capital of Bangladesh originated four hundred years ago (around 1610 A. D) with a great Mughol heritage. It was a center of both commercial and administrative functions (as capital of Sube-Bangla) established by Mughol Emperor Jahangir, which lasted upto the time of 1765 when the capital was shifted to Murshidabad. After several decades of negligence, the city again gained prominence when it was declared by British as the capital of East Bangal in early 1900.

Within Group-D Area, development of township, public works and a significant growth in population did not occur as same scale as occurred in the Group-C core Dhaka, when Dhaka was proclaimed as capital of Bengal in 1608 C.E. The expansion of city did not occur in this location. In addition, the area remained agriculture with rural homestead and as a hinterland to the Mughol capital. Not much is known about this areas gradual growth except, that it is a supplier of agricultural produce. However, after liberation in 1971, and with the establishment of Buriganga Bridge, Group-D area started growing now the area has important growth centre.

Dhaka was given the status of Municipal city in the early 1900 with a population of 100,000. Now it has a population of 13.09 million and the largest city of Bangladesh. The growth of the city in terms of population administrative status and other functions from colonial times is shown in Table 2-1.

Table 2-1: Administrative status of Dhaka DMDP area

Year Population Administrative Status

Pre-British Period 1610-1764

About 10,0000

Dhaka became the capital of Bengal in 1610 A.D. Mughols reconstructed the old fort, established Lalbagh Fort and the Chawk and started developing the city around fort and chawk. A sizeable no. of settlement grew around there.

1765-1857 Pre-British Period

Less than 50,000 Owing to battle of Palasy the city population shrank dramatically in a period of short time and Dhaka went smaller than Calcutta. In 1765 The British declared Calcutta as an important administrative center; Dhaka became an English Trading post after the fall of Mughol Empire in 1707.


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Year Population Administrative Status

British Dhaka 1858-1947

Less than 100,000(1905)

1905 Dhaka became the capital of East Bengal and Asam it was declared as the center of education, commerce and administration.

Pakistan period 1947-1971

Five lac(1960) Became capital of the Eastern part of Pakistan. Developed mainly as the main administrative and hub of eastern wings commercial activity.

Bangladesh Era. 1971-2007

9.3 million in 1991 Current: 13.09 million

Capital of Bangladesh started having phenomenal growth. It became capital of a new independent state with mordern administrative commercial function. It became the center of the entire nation,

Source: www.wkipedia.org

Within a timeframe of two decades, the Dhaka spanned both north, east and west ward triggering urban development both haphazard and few planned by Government. The progress of urban development has occurred with unrivaled speed and dimension.

The development trend has propelled the city’s growth into the future with amazing velocity; an entirely new urban reality excellerated the current development trends within the city which became characterized by a steady population growth and density, an on going haphazard urbanization with moderate economic growth and a rapid motorization.

Development Trend: The development pattern that has already taken place and pattern likely to emerge in the DMA in the next 20 years planning horizon speaks of following.

The already established pattern shows:

• Densification: The 2001 census data indicates extensive densification occurred in the existing urban area on that period. Now, it has become quite a significant urbanized area.

• Infill Development: There will be infill development in the low-lying areas of both Western and Eastern fringes without the approval from Rajuk.

• Contiguous Expansion: Happening into the areas of DCC boundary and the Balu River, Development of both Eastern & Western fringes will also occur.

• Accelerated contiguous Growth: Will be in the Eastern fringe, DND Triangle, Western fringe and the Airport area. Dhaka’s normal growth pattern indicates presence of infrastructure services (including roads and other transport service). It also shows the lands, which lagged behind in the planned development category of land in reaching its full capacity.

The important area of DND Triangle, Eastern Fringe and the Airport area are the largest, most important and least accessible of the expansion areas.


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Satellite Communities: The possibility of new communities’ development in Tongi, Gazipur and Savar will arise & become imminent, as future population-absorptionn points. Therefore, safe assumption can be made that simultaneous urban growth and densification will go on side by side and create a developed in the DMDP area. This is especially true where there is least resistance.

2.1.2 Residential Areas Near about 95% of the total buildings in study area are used for purely residential

purpose, 5% used for commercial and the rest are used for industrial purpose. There are

a total number of 3840 residential buildings within the study area, which is composed of

pucca: 8%, semi pucca: 13% and kutcha structures are 79%. The study area is a rural

area that is why most of the buildings are kutcha and one-storied buildings. The number

of residential buildings is shown in Table 2-2. The locations of residential buildings are

shown in Map-2-1.

Table 2-2: Structure Types of the Residential Building

Union Building for residential use

Pucca Semi-pucca Kutcha Total Kalatia (Partial) 287 371 4404 5062

Ruhitpur (Partial) 137 163 2185 2485 Sakta 1084 1583 8069 10736

Taranagar (Partial) 339 781 2720 3840 Total 1847 2898 17378 22123


The Semi pucca residential buildings are second highest in number of the study area. Out of 2898 semi-pucca buildings Sakta Union, Ruhitpur Union, Taranagar Union and Kalatia Union has occupied 54%, 6%, 27% and 13% respectively.

About 17378 kutcha residential buildings are available in the study area. Among them, Sakta Union has occupied the highest in number (30%). At the same time, Ruhitpur Union has 28% kutcha residential building out of total kutcha residential buildings. Rest of the buildings is situated in other unions.

Most of the structures are kutcha and one storied in all the unions. About 87% are kutcha one storied building exists in Kalatia union. In the case of pucca residential building, most of them are one and two storied (Table 2-3).


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Table 2-2: Height Distribution of Residential Pucca Buildings

Union Building Height (story) for Residential use Pucca Semi-pucca Kutcha Total

1 2 3 4 4+ 1 1+ 1 Kalatia (Partial) 265 20 2 0 0 371 0 4404 5062 Ruhitpur (Partial) 115 17 4 1 0 163 0 2185 2485 Sakta 900 161 21 0 2 1581 2 8069 10736 Taranagar (Partial) 285 49 5 0 0 781 0 2720 3840

Total 1565 247 32 1 2 2896 2 17378 22123 Source: Field survey, 2006

2.1.3 Industrial and Commercial Land Use

Out of 1178 commercial buildings in the project area, pucca, semi pucca and katcha commercial structures are 7%, 33% and 60% respectively. A very negligible number of pucca commercial structures (86) are found in the project area. Ruhitpur union and Sakta union dominate 41% and 34% commercial pucca structures respectively. A very small number of pucca commercial structures are also found in a scattered manner in Kalatia Union (22%). Out of total 1178 commercial buildings, about 705 buildings are kutcha.

The second highest number of commercial building is semi-pucca structure. The highest concentration of semi-pucca buildings are in Basta union. About 29% semi-pucca buildings are in Sakta Union; about 27% buildings are in Ruhitpur union. Rest of the semi-pucca commercial buildings is available in Taranagar (14%) and Kalatia (13%) unions.

Table 2-3: Structure Type of Commercial Buildings

Union Building Height (story) for Commercial use Pucca Semi-pucca Kutcha Total

1 2 3 4 4+ 1 1+ 1 Kalatia (Partial) 17 2 0 0 0 51 0 201 271 Ruhitpur (Partial) 26 9 0 0 0 104 0 196 335 Sakta 24 4 1 0 0 176 0 214 419 Taranagar (Partial) 3 0 0 0 0 56 0 3 62

Total 70 15 1 0 0 387 0 614 1087 Source: Field Survey, 2006


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Map 2-1: Location of Residential Building in the Study Area

Rajdhani Unnayan Kartripakkha (RAJUK)Dhaka Metropolitan Development Plan (DMDP)Detailed Area Planning (DAP)

Consultant: Ganibangla Ltd.

1:40000Field Survey, 2006, GBLData Source :

Projection : BTM

Date : March 2007

Map Reference No : Survey Report II, C4-004

Prepared By:

Map History

Prepared For:

( A3 Paper Size)Scale -

1000 0 1000 2000 Meters

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Map 2-2: Location of Commercial Area in the Study Area




Projection : BTM

Date : March 2007


Prepared By:

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Most of the pucca commercial buildings of the study area are one storied. Beside these,

there is several numbers of two storied buildings. All the semi-pucca and kutcha commercial

buildings are one storied building (387) in the project area.

There is several numbers of industrial agglomerations in the study area. Industries are

located in different places in the study area and those are of different types like heavy

industry, medium industry and light industry etc. From the physical feature survey it is

revealed that the total number of buildings for industrial use is 43. Out of these, most of

the buildings (36) are light industry and rests of them are medium industry. The location

of industrial building is shown in Map-2-3. However, the heavy industry is absent in this

area. Medium industry includes the different types of factory; food industry etc. There are

only 9 medium industries in the study area and most of them are available in Sakta

union. Poultry farm, Cottage industry and rice mill etc. are main light industry. There are

63 light industries, which are sequentially distributed in different unions in project area.

Sakta union has maximum light industries (36). Rest of the light industries is available in

other unions, which are shown in table 2-5.

Table 2-4: Number of Different Types of Industries in the study area

Union Number of Building for Industrial use

Heavy Medium Light Total Kalatia (Partial) 0 0 3 3 Ruhitpur (Partial) 0 1 15 16 Sakta 0 7 36 43 Taranagar (Partial) 0 1 9 10

Total 0 9 63 72 Source: Field Survey, 2006


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Map 2-3: Location of Industrial Area in the Study Area




Projection : BTM

Date : March 2007


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2.1.4 Utility Services

The physical feature survey revealed that only natural drainage exists in the project area. The total length of natural drain is about 55.77 km., which includes both river (5.09 km.) and khal (50.68 km.). Most of the khals are passed through the Kalatia and Sakta union, which are 16.07 km. and 22.83 km. respectively and are shown in Table 2-6. However, man made drain is totally absence in the project area except 0.30 km. of kutcha drain.

Table 0-5: Drainage channel of the study area

Union Pucca drain Kutcha drain Khal River Total Kalatia (Partial) 0.00 0.00 16.07 0.00 16.07 Ruhitpur (Partial) 0.00 0.06 4.78 0.00 4.84 Sakta 0.00 0.24 22.83 5.09 28.16 Taranagar (Partial) 0.00 0.00 7.00 0.00 7.00

Total 0.00 0.30 50.68 5.09 56.07


The study area is outside the jurisdiction of Dhaka City Corporation. Therefore, there is no sewerage coverage in the study area. People disposes sewers naturally solid waste management system is also absent in the study area. People dispose the solid waste in a traditional way like throwing the waste in a place near by their homestead. People in the study area are using tube wells for supply of drinking water. For other household purpose, they use surface water like ponds, ditches, canals and river. The household use includes bathing and cleaning of cooking utensils.

The gas supply system does not cover the study area. Bangladesh Power Development Board (PDB) supplies the electricity in the study area. The electricity is supplied by the 11 KV lines in the project area

2.1.5 Non-Urbanized Area.

Most of the areas under the study area are not developed. The share of agricultural land is still very high. The areas like Nayagaon, Balsata, Birtali, Chansipur, and Ulta have not come into the touch of urbanization.

2.1.6 Infrastructure: Physical

Water Supply System

The study area shows that tubewell is the main source of water supply all over the area. Most of the houses has own hand tubewells that provide necessary water supply for the people. However, there are some multi storied buildings that has own water reservoir to provide water supply. They use private motor to store water in their water reservoirs. Beside these, about 27 deep tube wells and 3 pump houses, available in the study area, which are used for irrigation purposes.


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Sewerage System

Sewerage system is a drainage system that carries sewage, waste and polluted water from the household latrines, community latrines and other wastewater. It is very important component from the environmental point of view. But, no sewerage system exists in the study area. Most of the households are using pucca and semi-pucca sanitary latrines that are mostly built on own initiatives and others are provided by NGOs. They build individual septic tanks for disposal of human excreta.

Gas Supply System

The gas supply system does not cover the study area.

Electric Supply System

Electricity is supplied in the study area by PDB. The high voltage electricity is used for industrial purposes and low voltage electricity is used for residential purposes. The physical feature survey reveals that there are about 9.17 km. high voltage electricity and 119.85 km. low voltage electricity supply network is available in the study area.

Figure 2-1: Existing electricity supply network of the study area (in km)

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Existing electricity supply network

Low Voltage High Voltage


Electric poles of different sizes exist in the study area to carry power network. They cover almost every union in the study area. High voltage towers are distributed evenly and transformers are used to transform the high voltage to low voltage for distributing to the clients. There are HT/LT transformer stations, which step down high voltages into low voltages and reach various mohallah, villages and community areas through this electric supply line. Union wise electricity supply is shown in Table-2-7.


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Table 2-6: Electricity covrage of the study area

Union Length of Electricity in K.M.

Low Voltage High Voltage Kalatia (Partial) 23.625 0 Ruhitpur (Partial) 13.785 0 Sakta 60.465 7.16 Taranagar (Partial) 21.98 2.01

Total 119.855 9.17


The existing electricity network is not sufficient for the study area. In most of the remote

areas, the electricity network is absent. Beside these, the existing users are not satisfied

with the present electricity supply; because most of the time they have to suffer for load

shedding.

Roads

The physical feature survey of existing road network revealed that various types of road exist, having different width and not follow any proper circulation pattern. There are different categories of roads like pucca, semi-pucca and kutcha roads in the study area. The total length of roads, linking different unions of the study area, is 127.86 km. and among them pucca, semi-pucca and kutcha are 38.92 km, 28.08 km. and 60.84 km. respectively where maximum pucca road is available in Sakta union (18.31 km.) (Map-2-4). The condition of roads is not same in all unions in the study area. Some roads are good and some are in poor condition. The length of semi pucca roads is about 28.08 km. in the study area. The rest of the roads is kutcha which are rural roads and its length is 60.08 km. Sakta union is covered by maximum kutcha roads (30.03 km). Union wise road is shown in theTable 2-8.

Figure 2-2: Road Length in the study area (in km)

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Road lenght(KM) in project area



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Table 2-7: Union wise road network in the study area

Union Road Length in km.

Pucca Semi-Pucca Kutcha Total

Kalatia (Partial) 7.81 2.74 15.08 25.63 Ruhitpur (Partial) 5.93 1.24 7.62 14.79 Sakta 18.31 17.14 30.03 65.47 Taranagar (Partial) 6.88 6.97 8.14 21.98

Total 38.92 28.08 60.86 127.86 Source: Field Survey, 2006


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Map 2-4: Existing different types of road network of the study area

Legend

In Association with Development Design Co nsultants Ltd.

Rajdhani U nnayan Kartipakkha (RAJUk)Dhaka Metropolitan Development Plan (DMDP)Drtailed Area Planning (DAP)

Consultant:Ganibangla Ltd.

Kalatia Union

Sahta Union

Taranagar Union

Rohitpur Union

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KalatiaKalatia

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1:49334Field Survey Data Source :

Projection :

Date : May, 2008

Map Refe rence No : Draft Final Report Group-D (Extensio n o f G roup-C)

Prep ared By:

Map History

Prep ared For:


1000 0 1000 2000 Meters

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BTM



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The analysis of circulation network shows that there is no planned circulation pattern in the study area. Due to the preponderance of low residential, industrial and mixed land uses, transport network have not been developed in a planned manner. Tertiary and access roads are also inadequate and very narrow. Again, none of the existing roads has followed any proper circulation pattern. Within the study area, a number of agencies have some responsibilities for the provision, operation and maintenance of roads. These include:

RAJUK

RAJUK is responsible for construction of new roads and widening of important existing roads in the DMA as well as construction of roads in newly developed housing estates.

LGED

LGED is responsible for construction and maintenance of national and regional highways and roads.

RHD

RHD is responsible for construction and maintenance of some major roads.

Foot Paths and Road Islands

In the study area, there is no specific footpath along the roads. Only part of the roads is used as walkways.

Drainage

Drain is a structure that carries water normally from surrounding areas. Major part of the water is produced by the rainfall runoff and carried by the drain. The drain may be natural and man-made. Natural drain includes khal, river and canal and man-made drain is classified as Primary, Secondary and Tertiary drain.

- Primary drains are large in size and may serve an extensive drainage area. A main drain may connect several secondary drains. A primary drain may be built of brickwork, RCC and concrete; and may be rectangular, triangular and trapezoidal in section.

- Secondary drain is smaller than primary drain and serves smaller area than main drain. Such drain is made of brick or re-inforced concrete. A secondary drain connects with several tertiary drains.

- Tertiary drain is smaller than a secondary drain and normally smallest in a drainage system. Tertiary drains are normally built of brickwork.

The physical feature survey revealed that only natural drainage is available in the study area. Total length of natural drain is about 69.54km. includes both river (8.48km Buriganga river) and khal (61.05km) and its total area is about 728.4 acres. Existing drainage network is shown in Map-2-5.


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Table 2-8: Existing water bodies of the area

Type Number Area (Acre) Percentage River 1 371.2 36.3 Khal 12 357.2 35.0 Pond 331 127.7 12.5 Marshland 28 122.2 12.0 Ditch 120 43.1 4.2 Irrigation Canal 1 0.1 0.0 Total 493 1021.5 100.0


Table 2-9: Existing Drainage Channel of the Study Area

Type Area (Acre) Length (km) River 371.2 8.48Khal 357.2 61.05Total 728.4 69.54


Description of the major drainage channel

Drainage Channel 1: Length: 6.00 km Status: This Khal is generally known as Karim Khali Khal. It starts from Buriganga River and meet with Singh Nadi at Ruhitpur (Map2-5).

Drainage Channel 2: Length: 3.00 km Status: This is locally known as Bara Bhawal Khal. It starts from Buriganga River and connects with low-lying area of Birtail area (Map2-5).

Drainage Channel 3: Length: 1.00 km Status: It is locally known as Maragona Khal. At the crossing point of this Khal and Kalatia –Ruhitpur road there is a narrow RCC bridge. It starts from Dhaleswari River and ended in the low-lying area (Map2-5).

Drainage Channel 4: Length: 5.50 km Status: Natural drainage channel exists. At some places, the channel requires re-excavation. A pump is to be constructed at the off take of this Khal on the bank of Buriganga River (Map2-5).


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Map 2-5: Map Showing Drainage Network in the Study Area

Kalatia

Rohitpur

SaktaTara Nagar

1000 0 1000 2000 Meters

Scale - ( A4 Paper Size)

Prepared For:

Map Hi story

Prepared By:

Su rv ey Report II , C 5-002Map Reference N o :

March 2007Date :

Projection : BTM

Data Source : Fi eld Survey, 2006, GBL1:55000

Consultant: Ga nibangla Ltd.

Rajdhani Unnayan Kartripakkha (RAJUK )Dhaka Metropolitan Development Plan (DMDP)Detai led Area P lan ning (DAP)

In Association withDe velopment De sign Consultant

Study Area Boundary

Union Boundary

Mouza BoundarySemi-pucca

Road

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Tele- Communication

The Tele-Communication system is provided by BTTB through Telephone exchange located in different points of the study area. Extensive mobile network introduced by private companies has met the short falls experienced in the government sector operated Telephone system.

2.1.7 Infrastructure: Social

Educational Facilities

Educational institution, which includes school, college, madrasha, university, training centre etc., is an important issue for an area. From the physical feature survey 45 various educational institutions have been identified in the total project area. Among them, there are 20 primary schools, 7 secondary schools, 3 colleges and 15 madrasha, which are scattered in different location of the study area. The location of educational institution is shown in Map-2-6. In the study area, Sakta union has seven primary schools, five secondary schools, two colleges and eight madrashas. Higher educational institutions like university; training centre is absent in the project area.

Table 2-10: Different Types of Educational Institutions

Union Number of Educational Institution

School College Madrasha University Training centre Total Primary Secondary

Kalatia (Partial) 3 0 0 5 0 0 8 Ruhitpur (Partial) 5 1 1 1 0 0 8 Sakta 7 5 2 8 0 0 22 Taranagar (Partial) 5 1 0 1 0 0 7

Total 20 7 3 15 0 0 45



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Map 2-6: Map Showing Location of the Educational Institution

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SaktaTara Nagar

1000 0 1000 2000 Meters


Prepared For:

Map History

Prepared By:

Surv ey Report II , C 4-007Map Referenc e N o :

March 2007Date :

Projection : BTM





Water Body

Road

Pucca

Semi-pucca

Katcha

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Community Services

Community services include religious and other services like health facilities, community center, markets, co-operative societies etc.

Religious

In the physical feature, survey 102 religious facilities identified in the project area, which include Mosque, Mazar, Church, Temple and Pagoda. As the majority of population of the study area is Muslim, the number of mosque is the highest (69). At the same time the highest number of mosque is located in Sakta union (45) and Kalatia union (26). Other mosques are available in other unions, which are shown in Table 2-12. However, there is no single Church and Pagoda in the whole project area. Map 2-7 shows the location of religious facilities.

Table 2-11: Number of Religious Institutions in the Study Area

Union Number of Religious Facilities Mosque Mazar Church Temple Pagoda Total

Kalatia (Partial) 26 2 0 4 0 32 Ruhitpur (Partial) 12 1 0 1 0 14 Sakta 45 9 0 16 0 70 Taranagar (Partial) 24 2 0 6 0 32 Toatl 69 11 0 22 0 102 Source: Field Survey 2006

Health Facilities

The study area is very small and rural in nature. There are several numbers of government and private health facilities in the project area. Ruhitpur and Sakta union have two Hospitals and Kalatia and Sakta union have four Clinics, which are serving health facilities in surrounding areas. However, these facilities are not sufficient for the existing population (Table 2-13).

Table 2-12: Number of Health Facilities in the Study Area

Union Number of Health Facilities

Hospital/ Health Complex

Clinic UHFPC Others Total

Kalatia (Partial) 0 2 0 1 3 Ruhitpur (Partial) 1 0 0 0 1 Sakta 1 2 0 0 3 Taranagar (Partial) 0 0 0 1 1 Toatl 2 4 0 2 8 Source: Field Survey, 2006


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Map 2-7: Location of Religious and Health Services in the Study Area

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1000 0 1000 2000 Meters


Prepared For:

Map History

Prepared By:

Surv ey Report II , C 4-008Map Referenc e N o :

March 2007Date :

Projection : BTM





Study Area Boundary

Union Boundary

Mouza Boundary

Katcha

Semi-pucca

Pucca

Road

Water Body

Religious & Health Service

Ñ Hospital /Cl inic

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Hat/Bazar

Market and shopping facilities in the study area are not well distributed. Six hat/bazaars of various sizes in the study area have been identified (Table-2-14). These commercial facilities include hat, kutcha bazars etc. There is no separate hat in the project area rather the bazar is using as hat and sits one or twice a week. Wholesale market is not available in the whole study area.

Table 2-13: Number of Market Facilities in the Study Area

Union Number of Health Facilities Hat Bazar Total

Kalatia (Partial) 0 1 1 Ruhitpur (Partial) 0 2 2 Sakta 0 3 3 Taranagar (Partial) 0 0 0 Toatl 0 6 6 Source: Field Survey, 2006

2.1.8 Land Ownership and Land Value.

Most of the areas under the study area have rural characteristics. Some of them are developing with the improvement of road network and other utility facilities. Private housing developer’s initiative in some areas makes the land value higher. Most of lands are privately owned. Land value at present time in different location is shown in table 2-15.

Table 2-14: Present Land Value in the Study Area

Sl.No. Name of the Area Price per katha (in lakh Taka) 1. Ruhitpur 1.20-2.50 2. Sakta 1.20-2.50 3. Taranagar 1.20-2.00 4. Kalatia 0.80-2.20 5. Chhoto Monhoria 0.80-2.20 6. Boro Monhoria 1.00-2.20 7. Belna 1.80-3.00 8. Nayagaon 0.80-1.60 9. Washpur 1.00-2.50

10. Ghata Char 1.50-2.20 11. Ati 2.00-3.50 12. Dharmasur 1.50-2.00 13. Joinpur 1.50-2.00

Source : Field Survey, 2006


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2.2 Expected Development

2.2.1 Population:

The density of population of the study area according to 2001 Census report is 14.30 persons per acre. The projected density in 2015 is 17.13 per acre. The selected mouzas whose density is in the range of average density and above are proposed for urban development with further densification considering optimum density as 150 persons per acre in 2015. The area can accommodate additional 260459 populations from the core city of Dhaka. In future, the government can use the urban reserved lands in any specific purposes. The existing infrastructure, utility services and other facilities are inadequate for the total population of the study area. The next decade will see increasing growth trend as suitable model towns will make its appearance. Present average gross density will be higher as newly planned towns will attract people from core city to settle down in these towns. Presently there is no well-developed infrastructure and basic utility services. They need to be well developed and well inserted in the study area before any population influx can be visualized. With proper infrastructure and planned model town development in proposed urban areas, the following population will be expected to settle down (Table 2-16).

In the study area, considerable population concentration (density) is seen in mouzas namely Washpur, Bhararia, Birtali, Ghata Char etc. These areas may be targeted for planned housing scheme development by the private developers.

Table 2-15: Mouzawise projected and additional population in 2015

Name of Mouza

Area in acre

Population 2015

Density 2015

Additional Population

Total Pop. 2015

Baila 78.43 574 7.32 -- 574Belna 653.02 5525 8.46 -- 5525Bhandarkhola 646.91 5986 9.25 -- 5986Joinpur∗ 196.66 3796 19.30 25703 29499Nayagaon 164.34 629 3.83 -- 629Sarashpur 31.61 222 7.01 -- 222Subanpur 71.35 603 8.45 -- 603Birtail∗ 38.76 836 21.58 4978 5814Kakalia 192.84 1089 5.65 -- 1089Dharmasur∗ 232.80 4262 18.31 30657 34919Ruhitpur 291.71 4506 15.45 -- 4506Sakta 893.76 9653 10.80 -- 9653Ati∗ 986.76 18621 18.87 129394 148015Balsata 896.14 5064 5.65 -- 5064Bara Shikaritola∗ 39.19 3718 94.87 2161 5879Bhararia∗ 99.74 4087 40.98 10874 14961Madhyer Char 512.53 6022 11.75 -- 6022Malancha 262.05 971 3.70 -- 971Naghda∗ 47.37 903 19.07 6202 7105Napiadi 81.3 846 10.41 -- 846Washpur 176.47 41560 235.51 -- 41560


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Name of Mouza

Area in acre

Population 2015

Density 2015

Additional Population

Total Pop. 2015

Bara Joynagar∗ 134.50 3586 26.66 16589 20175Bara Monoharia 326.33 4524 13.86 -- 4524Chandipur 185.82 1813 9.76 -- 1813Chota Monoharia 72.12 599 8.31 -- 599Ghata Char∗ 256.79 4617 17.98 33901 38518Totail 123.2 887 7.20 -- 887Ulta 175.2 1451 8.28 -- 1451Shiali 140.3 264 1.88 -- 264Total 8008.10 137214 17.13 260459 397673

Source: Projected population based on Current population in accordance to BBS.

2.2.2 Economic Activities

As the area is very close to the capital city, a good number of economic transactions may occur. With the development of transportation networks, this volume will be much higher. Development of housing schemes will generate other economic activities like shopping and other commercial activites. Moreover, with the development of the BISIC Industrial zone the area may experience a high increase in economic activities.

2.2.3 Landuse and Settlement

The proposed landuse will be based on proposals that will strictly adhere to the recommendations made in the Urban Area Plan and Structure Plan. Since Group-D area is a urban fringe area, the housing development deemed affordable with a range of options. The range can be improved Sites and Services, Guided Land Development, Land Consolidation Schemes. Improved Sites and Service and Guided Land Development should be made for new population (preferably for people from Old Dhaka East and West, DPZ-1 and DPZ-2) moving to the area; while Land Consolidation of existating small and irregular plot boundaries resulting in developable plots, should be for people who are migrating from south of the country. The expected maximum height of the structure shall not exceed six stories.

Group-D area is composed of four unions. The major landuse found in this area comprises vast agriculture and flood flow zone and area is very low-lying. There is good possibility of proper planned development in all the four unions’ inspite of being low-lying with vastly rural characteristics. It has good network of roads leading to China Friendship bridge-2 upto Ruhitpur H.Q. area in Ruhitpur union. In order to suggest new landuse, it should be kept in mind that floodwater flow should not be disturbed. The connector road from the foot of China Friendship bridge towards Jingira have large scale commercial development and it is a good access to rest of the unions in Group-D area. There are union growth centers in all the four union H.Q. area. So, proposals can be made to upgrade these four union H.Q. area into small compact township, which can preferably be designated as "Rural growth centres". In this regards Ruhitpur union H.Q. area should be strengthened to accommodate handloom


GBL Page-49

insdustry, cottage insdustry based on government assistence like BISIC. Individual estate in this regard by BISIC, can be utilized to have a planned development.

For dwellars of DPZ-1 and 2 (old Dhaka East and West), provision for residential development is highly desired. These two DPZ has extremly saturated basic utility facilities and the new generation of these two DPZ requires breathing space. Therefore, development of residential facilities for high, middle and low-income families is of utmost necessity; with appropriate schools, colleges, vocational institutes, health clinics, parks, bazars access roads, etc. Also, possibility of having a Garments Village in one of these mouza head quarters should be explored by RAJUK with the assistance of BGMEA.

2.2.4 Settlement Development

Population in Group-D area, which is a part of greater Dhaka, is growing about 5.65% per anum. Migration as well as natural increase lay to the foundation of drawing people to the four unions of the area. Noteworthy are the Ruhitput H.Q. area in Ruhitpur Union and areas on north; and the areas adjacent to the northern boundary and western boundary of the Group-D area. Here settlements are growing as informal sector housing area without having any proper urban planning of infrastructure. In Sakta Union, RAJUK has Jhilmil project and private developers has several housing schemes (proposed). The trend of settlement development in and around the second bridge shows a thick commercial belt, which has already developed and growing towards south. Numerous small industrial and commercial developments with varieties of income groups are residing here. The area will eventually extend as residential cum commercial belt. This residential and commercial development should come under the domain of proper planning. Here congestion will prevail in coming years; absence of basic utility services with no recreational space will be the future scenario with rapid migration. Therefore, proper settlement planning is needed especially in four unions keeping in view of the future migration. The settlement as well as development should encompass in and around the existing main roads. In addition, preference should be given in settling down the poor, low-income and middle-income classes from old Dhaka to ease the tremendous population pressure. For such settlement development, the procedures will be improved Sites and Service Scheme, Guided Land Development etc. However, importantly, the area for Agriculture and Flood Flow Zone should be kept as restrictive use zone.

2.3 Development Problems

2.3.1 Hydrology (Flooding and Drainage)

All the drainage channels and lakes are being occupied by the illegal occupants. Conservation and management of existing natural drainage channel, khal, and river is essential to save the area from water logging and flooding. This practice should be stopped immediately. The sub-flood flow zone will essentially serve as the areas under government reserve and continuty to be kept as area for urban agriculture and retention pond zone.


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This Group-D area's drainage characteristic is following:

• It is low lying and flood plain

• The area is subject to annual planning by Dhaleshwari river and has been designated as flood zone south

• Within the area there are numerous cannals and drainage function is mostly done by this cannals

• Since urban development in this area did not occur in a planned manner, drainage was not given due priority. Therefore, suffering of inhabitants continuously increasing and development in this area is affected by this drainage system

Flooding:

As the area is very low lying and subject to annual flooding it is a flood zone of the entire SPZ 18, where regular flooding occurs. The following strategies should be adopted to improve flood protection and drainage system:

• To protect the drainage system all natural canals and watercourses should be preserved.

• As a measure of protection from encroachment, restrictive buffer zone should be created on both sides of natural canals, rivers and other watercourses. Walk way and plantation should be created along these buffer zones.

• Cost of primary drainage system developed in housing estates schemes by public sector agencies, which should be realized from the developers.

Water Logging:

During the monsoon from May to October, the drainage mostly dependent on the water levels of its peripheral river systems. During this period, river water level generally remains higher than the internal drainage level. This major constraint to the effective surface drainage is aggravated by the wide range of rainfall intensities that prevail during the monsoon period. The situation worsens when monsoon runoff generated from short duration and high intensity rainfall coincides with high water level in the river system.

2.3.2 Geology and Soil

The project area is covered with Pleistocene Madhupur Clay and Holocene sediments belonging to the Ganges-Brahmaputra flood plain. The area is covered with recent flood plain deposits.

Based on geomorphological expression and sediment characteristics, the area has been divided into nine geological units having deposits of the following:

1. Sand bar/ point bar 2. Active natural levee


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3. Flood plain 4. Depression 5. Abandoned channel 6. Gully fill 7. High flood plain 8. Old natural levee 9. Madhupur Clay.

The geological map of the area has originally been prepared at a scale of 1:20,000; the geomorphological map was used as a base map.

Subsurface engineering bore logs up to 30 meters and open pits up to 10 meters were studied to determine both the engineering and geological characteristics of the sediments.

Sand bar/Point bar Deposits

These deposits consist mainly of loose and fresh sand and are medium to fine-grained. Some yellowish-brown sand patches are observed at many places. Few laminations of silty materials are found in the sand. At places, the percentage of silt is comparatively high. In aerial photographs, this unit shows light tone and oval and crescent shapes.

Active Natural Levee Deposits

These deposits consist dominantly of sand with many discontinuous thin laminations of sand silt and clay silt. The sand is light brown to light gray in color, fine to course grained and moderately compact. This unit is more elevated than its surrounding areas. In aerial photographs, it shows light to medium tone and elongated shape along the rivers.

Flood Plain Deposits

The flood plain is the extended flat, poorly drained land that is flooded annually. In aerial photographs, this unit shows medium gray tones, blocky texture, intense land-use and virtually no relief.

These deposits consist of alternating silt, clay, fine sand and peaty clay. At many places, peat layers are a few centimeters to 0.3 meters thick within 1 meter from the surface.

Generally, the upper 1 meter is silty clay to clayey silt, which is light gray to light yellowish brown in color. Below this, thick layers of light gray to yellowish-brown silty clay with mottling and ferruginous concretions are found. Alternating layers of blackish-ray organic clay and blackish-brown silty clay are generally found in the unit in down slope areas near depressions. At places, alternative fine sand layers are found irrespective of depth, where peat layers from a few centimeters to 0.3 meters thick are found in near surface. Decomposed and partially decomposed grass roots and animal burrows are common at the upper part of the unit.


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Depression Deposits:

Depressions are the deepest part of the area situated above 1.3-2 meters above mean sea level. Most of the area is usually covered with water but occasionally dry during the winter. In aerial photographs, the area shows dark-gray tone.

The deposit consists of gray to light gray organic clay, dark gray to blackish gray peaty clay and blackish to dark brown peat. Decomposed and partially decomposed vegetal matters are common. The sediments are highly sticky and plastic with high natural moisture content. Some alternation of light gray sand and silty layers is found in this unit. A few patches of reddish to yellowish brown silty clay with orange red mottling are sporadically present. This silty clay is medium to high plastic and compacted. Some blackish gray, thin, fine sand layers (+0.6 meters) with a large amount of silicified tree branches (0.26 centimeters mean diameter and 2 centimeters length) coated with yellowish brown, fine sand are present near the reddish to yellowish brown, silty clay patches.

Generally, two layers of peat with average thickness of 1 meter were found. These layers are present within 1-4 meters below the surface. These peats, containing fibers from decomposed and partially decomposed tree branches, are spongy, medium to light weight when dry and mixed with some clay. According to local people and field investigation, buried partially decomposed tree trunks are found 3-5 meters below the surface at many places in depressions.

Abandoned Channel Deposits:

Channel segments that are abandoned by erosion process become flood plain lakes of identifiable origin.

On aerial photographs, abandoned channel deposits show medium-gray tone, smooth texture and elongated patterns. Surface deposits are silty clay or clayey silt that are dark gray, greenish gray to yellowish gray with yellow and brown mottling in many localities. Below tile near surface, thick layers of organic clay and peat are common.

Root tubes and worm burrows are filled with gray silty clay. Partly decomposed and broken shells and organic matters are common. Lenses of very fine sand interbedded with clay are found at some places.

Gully Fill Deposits:

Along the edge of the high Madhupur Clay unit, several small drainage channels of dendritic patterns have formed to drain out water to low-lying areas. Due to partial or complete obstruction of the main channel of the drainage system, the amount and velocity of the water flow decreases; as a result, sedimentation starts on the channel base and the channels are filled up. On aerial photographs of the area shows light to medium tone with little relief.


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The main sediments constituting this unit are light gray to dark gray sticky, clayey silt. A few thin layers of yellowish-brown, fine sand and blackish-gray organic clay are present. The thickness of the top layer ranges from 1.5 to 2.5 meters, which is underlain by Madhupur Clay.

High Flood Plain Deposits:

In aerial photographs, high flood plain shows light gray tone. The top layer of this unit is light gray to yellowish brown sandy silt and bluish gray silty clay, which is underlain by yellowish brown to reddish brown Madhupur Clay. Thickness of the top layer is I.7-3 meters. Worm burrows, root tubes and vegetal matters are common.

Old Natural Levee Deposits:

The sediments are mainly grayish brown, sandy silt and silty clay with thin lamination of yellowish brown, fine sand. Few peaty matters are present at places. The sediments are well compacted and oxidized along rootlets and fractures. The thickness of the sediment is generally 2-3 meters, underlain by Madhupur Clay.

In aerial photographs, the unit shows light gray tone, elongated shape and relatively high relief. The area gently slopes towards the city side. This unit generally lies above high flood level and general elevation is more than 6.5 meters above mean sea level. The old natural levee sediments were deposited on Madhupur Clay unit.

Madhupur Clay:

This unit mainly consists of yellowish brown to reddish brown, highly oxidized, silty clay. The main characteristics of this unit are orange red mottling, high oxidation and a metallic black iron oxide accumulation in nodular form with a nucleus. This black nucleus might have been formed by manganese. Some yellowish brown ferruginous nodules are also present. The reddening of color increases with depth. Some sand and mica are present in this unit. The clays are mainly kaolinite and illite (Chowdhury and others, 1989). Secondary light bluish gray, plastic silty clay is deposited along fractures and animal burrows. The sediments of this unit are highly compacted, medium plastic and sticky. The average thickness of this unit is about 8 meters. This unit is underlain by Dupi Tila Formation and is probably a residual deposit.

The chemical analytical data reflects that the water holding capacity as well as clay content is higher in Madhupur Clay than the Alluvium Sediment (flood plain deposit). On the other hand, the carbon, calcium and magnesium contents are higher in Alluvium than in Madliupur Clay. The percentage of iron in both the units is almost the same, but Madhupur Clay is much redder in color than the Alluvium. This indicates that the iron in Alluvium is mostly in ferrous form whereas in Madhupur Clay it is in ferric form. From this view one can infer that the Madhupur Clay unit was well exposed for a longer time to oxidation than the Alluvium.


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2.3.3 Cerculation and Transportation network

Group-D is located at the south-west part of Dhaka City and bounded by the river Buriganga and Dhaleshwari. The total area under Group-D is about 11809 acres. The review of land use pattern shows that the most dominant land use of the study area is agriculture and it is about 67% of the total land. The second major land use is residential and occupying about 22% of the study area. Beside these, about 9% is water body, 1.29% is manufacturing and about 0.91% of land is under Transport and Communication purposes.

The review of the physical feature survey of existing road networks revealed that various types of road exist having different width and without any proper circulation pattern. There are different categories of roads like pucca, semi-pucca and kutcha in the study area. The total length of pucca roads is 38.92 km. The condition of pucca roads is not same in all locations in the study area. Some of these roads are good and some are in poor condition. The next category of the roads is semi pucca, also called HBB (Herring Bone Bond) or brick soling road, which have been identified as of almost similar in character in the whole study area. The length of semi pucca roads is 28.08 km. The rest of the category is kutcha road and its length is 60.86 km.

The analysis of circulation network shows that one national highway passes through this area, which is only one arterial road of this area. It connects the capital city with southern part through Dhaka-Mawa Road. The survey indicated that this national highway is in good condition. As the proportion of industrial and mixed uses is low and residential land uses are characterized as rural, transport network is not properly developed. Tertiary and access roads are also inadequate and very narrow. Again, none of the existing roads established any proper circulation pattern.

To address the circulation problems of this area, a number of roads have been suggested. After establishing arterial road network, internal roads have been suggested in such a way so that a gridiron pattern is developed and mobility gets easier within the neighborhood.

Table 2-16: Union wise road network in the Study Area

Thana Union Road Length in km. Pucca Semi-Pucca Kutcha Total

Ker

anig

anj

(Par

tial)

Kalatia (Partial) 7.81 2.74 15.08 25.63 Ruhitpur (Partial) 5.93 1.24 7.62 14.79 Sakta 18.31 17.14 30.03 65.47 Taranagar (Partial) 6.88 6.97 8.14 21.98 Total 38.92 28.08 60.86 127.86



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The following strategies should be adopted to promote circulation in the study area:

• A comprehensive road network should be prepared for the entire study area using a hierarchy of road network.

• In case of local roads a participatory approach should be developed to realize at least a part of the cost of development from the beneficiaries. This will also help reduce cost involved in land acquisition for road development.

• Proposed roads in those areas will be chosen for immediate development that is needed to promote growth in that area.

• Incremental development approach will be adopted to get rid of unnecessary costs in development of roads that will remain underutilized.

• Service roads will be created along major roads to allow free flow of long distance traffic.

Table 2-17: List of proposed roads with Priority, Phasing and implementing agency

Sl. Road ID Name of Road Priority Phasing Implementing agency

1. M-1 136 feet wide road from Jingira Ali Bazar to Ruhitpur

RAJUK/RHD

2. M-2 126 feet wide road from Ruhitpur to Jingira Bazar via Hizla Keraniganj, Kanargaon upto Ghatar char

RAJUK/RHD

3. M-3 126 feet wide road from Crown Melamone industry connecting Shishu Bandhab Hospital, Mekka Housing, Nabadip Housing upto Ati Bazar

RAJUK/RHD

4. S-1 86ft wide road from Ramkanda government primary school upto Satirchar, Keraniganj.

RAJUK/RHD

5. S-2 86feet wide road from Ruhitpur Upazilla Office through char Ruhitpur upto Gowshia Pak Darbar Sharif.

RAJUK/RHD

6. S-3 86 feet wide road from Ruhitpur government primary school upto Dharmasur Jame mosque via Dharmasur government primary school.

RAJUK/RHD

7. S-4 86feet wide road from north-east of Ramakanda government primary school upto crown Melamone Industry via Kamartha Madrasha and Goalkhali.

RAJUK/RHD

8. S-5 86 feet wide road from Hizla road from Hizla Jame Mosque via Ati Panchdona, Puratan Varalia Chand Tara Mosque upto Sajeda Health complex.

RAJUK/Upazila Parishad

9. S-6 86 feet wide road from Jingira Ati Bazar to Boro Monohordi.

RAJUK/Upazila Parishad

10. C-1 50 feet wide road from Mekail, Keraniganj upto Khulamuna Bazar.

RAJUK/LGED


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Map 2-8: Existing Road Network in the Study Area

Legend

In Associatio n with Development Design Co nsultants Ltd.

Rajdhani U nnayan Kartipakkha (RAJUk)Dhaka Metropo litan Development Plan (DMDP)Drtailed Area Planning (DAP)


Kalatia Union

Sahta Union

Taranagar Union

Rohitpur Union

Kalatia

Kalatia

KalatiaKalatia

KalatiaKalatia

Rohitpur

Rohitpur

Sakta

Sakta

Sakta

Kalatia

Sakta



SaktaSakta

Sakta

Sakta

Tara Nagar

Tara Nagar

Tara Nagar

Sakta

Sakta

Sakta

Sakta

Tara Nagar

1:49334Group-D (extensio n of Gr oup-C), Survey DatabaseData Source :

Projection : BTM

Date : February, 2008

Map Refe rence No : Inter im Report Group-D (Extensio n of G roup-C)

Prep ared By:

Map History

Prep ared For:


1000 0 1000 2000 Meters

Waterbody

Nouza Boundary

Union Boundary

Location BoundaryRoad Type

Pucca Road


530000

530000

532500

532500

535000

535000

6175

00

617500

6200

00

620000

6225

00

622500

6250

00

625000


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2.3.4 Environmental Concern

The objective of the environmental impact assessment is to identify the environmental issues and parameters that may be affected by the implementation of the proposed project components, as well as an assessment of the current status of these issues and parameters. It also includes ensuring appropriate consideration of environmental issues and to avoid or mitigate significant adverse effect on the environment. Mitigation measures are essential to be considered for potential impacts during construction and operational phase on the natural environment, which comprises the physico-chemical and ecological aspects. Mitigation measures on social environment will include human interest, quality of life, resettlement issues, etc. The detailed positive and negative impacts on physical, biological, social and economic environments and their potential mitigation measures are described below:

Urban Flooding/ Drainage Congestion

Flooding in the unplanned area is a major concern and a matter of serious planning implications It causes unbearable sufferings for the people by creating difficult situation for traffic movement:. Following aspects of flooding and drainage congestion can be seen in Group-D Area.

• Uncoordinated development of the area;

• Continuous filling of lowlying land and wetland for development;

• Unauthorized and illegal occupation and destruction of natural drainage system and retention basins;

• Absence of storm water drainage facilities;

• Disposal of solid waste, waste water into the drainage system;

• High water level in the peripheral river system.

Impacts of urban flooding are multidimensional:

• Damage to local roads;

• Damage to dwelling houses;

• Environmental degradation;

• Health and sanitation problem;

• Disruption of business and commercial activities;

• Damage to small and medium industries;

• Disruption of communication;

• Outbreak of water borne diseases;

• Huge loss to economic activities;

• Loss of livelihood of poor people.


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With the implementation activities, which will be included in the planning process, the condition of urban flooding/ drainage congestion will be improved.

Enhancement Activities:

• The drainage system of the study area is inadequate. Expansion and rehabilitation of natural drainage system, and introduction of man made drainage system is required

• Sewer lines shall be installed

• Adequate solid waste disposal system needs to be introduced

• All the existing natural drainage routes should be freed from encroachment immediately

• RAJUK should bring the entire area under a planned urban development and introduce functional drainage system

Responsible Organizations: DCC, DWASA, BWDB and RAJUK.

Drainage Congestion

Drainage congestion may increase further with the urban sprawl development. Faulty design, solid-waste and rubbish dumping, encroachment and un-authorized structures, siltation, lack of renovation and re-excavation are the main causes of drainage congestion. Drainage system that exists in the study area is not enough to carry the surface run-off properly. The outlets of these drainage networks are mostly connected with the natural channels or khals. But the conditions of these natural khals are dilapidated due to unauthorized encroachment. These khals have also been silted up due to re-excavation; as a result, they cannot carry the water properly, which creates drainage congestion. Thus, many areas are subjected to water logging during the heavy rainfall causing inconvenience to the people of the area.

Mitigation:

• Storm water flow from the western part plus that of eastern part should be channelized mainly through three outlets: BoaliaKhal, ShahjadpurKhal and NoraiKhal, the existing channels should be conserved and protected.

• Make proper drainage network in new area considering the slope and local topographical condition.

• Remove all un-authorized structures, which developed on drainage structures.

• Prohibit the people in dumping of rubbish and solid waste in drain.

• Regular cleaning and maintenance by the concerned authorities.

• Demarcation of water bodies which can act as retention pond to avoid water logging from heavy rainfall.


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• Demarcation of Right of Way to preserve the natural channels.

Responsible Organizations: RAJUK, DCC, DWASA

Surface Water Pollution

The surface water quality of Buriganga and Dholeshawri River, ponds and beels is polluted in respect of pH, turbidity and coliform bacteria with national standard. The main causes of surface water pollutions are city wastewater, sanitary sewage, solid waste dumping and discharge of untreated industrial wastes. With implementation of the DAP, the surface water pollution level may further increase for high volume of discharge of wastewater, sanitary sewerage, over spilling of pit and septic tank, industrial effluents, surface run-off of kutcha bazaars, indiscriminate solid and medical waste dumping.

Mitigation:

• Suggestions should be provided for implementation of proper effluent control from polluting sources on both sides of Buriganga and Dhwlesshori River and other small canals.

• Create underground sewerage system for the existing urban area.

• Use Pucca latrine with septic tank and soak well.

• Prohibit indiscriminate dumping of medical and solid waste in drainage, khals, beels and rivers.

• Improve sanitation condition of slaughterhouse, fish market and kutcha bazaars.

• Prohibit the direct discharge of wastewater to any khals, beels and rivers.

• Establish wastewater and sewerage treatment plant.

Responsible Organizations: RAJUK, DCC and DOE

Groundwater Table Declination

Fall of groundwater table is a common phenomenon in project area during dry period (February-May). With expansion of urbanization and industrialization through this project, the groundwater table may further fall if present tradition of using groundwater is continued.

Mitigation:

• Introduce rainwater harvesting system and use in the project area.

• Stop land filling of ponds and water bodies to maintain the groundwater level through recharge and leaching process.

Responsible Organizations: RAJUK, DPHE, and NGOs


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Groundwater Pollution

Groundwater pollution due to manganese, iron and hardness is a major problem in the project area. With expansion of urban area, more dependency on groundwater sources may increase the pollution level of sub-surface water.

Mitigation:

• Use surface water of Sitalakhya River for water supply system.

• Introduce rainwater-harvesting system.

• Reduce dependency on groundwater.

• Preserve surface water in ponds, khals, beels, ditches and rivers for irrigation.

Responsible Organization: RAJUK, LGED, BWDB, DOE and NGOs.

Loss of Wetlands

Wetlands are mainly affected first by the urbanization process. Earth filling fills up the beels, ponds and khals. Wastewater affects the aquatic ecosystem and makes the beels, ponds and khals unproductive and as a result the aquatic plants, fishes and animals die or migrate to other places. For high price of highlands, the developers enlarge their hands to the low cost wetlands. There is no strict regulation on earth filling of ponds in RAJUK area. The RAJUK can fine only Tk.500 if some one fills the ponds. However, Wetlands Conversation Act exists in Bangladesh, which is applicable only to natural beels and khals. Number of ponds in the study area is reduced every year to accommodate housing and commercial structures. Wetlands play an important role as a reservoir of rain and floodwater. They are also important to maintain the balance of ecosystems and for replenishing the ground water level through seepage.

Mitigation:

• Cutting of drainage outlets to the beels and ponds.

• Stopping housing estate, industries and other development work in wetlands through earth filling.

• Stopping earth filling of ponds through creation of public awareness.

• Strict implementation of Wetland Conversation Act, 2000.

Responsible Organizations: RAJUK, DOE and NGO’s.

2.3.5 Shelter and Settlement:

The study area is low laying area and a part of flood plain of the Buriganga river, situated very close to Dhaka city. The present Real estate activity comprises of different proposed model towns, which will provide various sizes of plots for lower middle income to upper middle-income classes of people. The average plot size varies from 2.5 to 10 katha. Though


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the area is close to Dhaka city, the development is still very poor. The area has substantial attraction to turn itself into a place for serve living as natural canals are there. The area has a great chance to be developed similar to Uttora.

With the development of extensive road network, the area will attract the developers to initiate private land development program. At present the price of land being low compared to that of the core city, there area has a great chance to accommodate middle-income group of the city.

2.4 Stake Holders’ Wish List of Projects

Stakeholders wish list include following projects:

• Mitigation of Water logging problem on priority area basis. • Develop the banks of water bodies as recreation spots by removing all illegal

occupants. • Widening of the existing access road to the optimum level. • Refurbishment of potential sites in old Dhaka and other parts of Dhaka City and

develops them as centers of tourist attraction. • Develop a Theme Park in the most suitable position based on common people

interview. • Replacement of katcha toilets by sanitary latrines/sewerage system in the whole

project area. • Improvement of Solid Waste management system to prevent environmental

degradation, especially in and around the industrial areas. • Construction of a new road to lessen the traffic congestion problem. • Improvement of important roads to facilitate movement of industrial goods and

providing hazard-free walkways for the people. • Develop control mechanism for the Non-motorized vehicles in the important

roads. • Control of being private school, colleges, offices and clinics in the residential

area. • Improvement of the playground and parks exists. • Development of Swimming Pool and Indoor Games Training Facilities. • Revitalization of present under-utilized facilities due to socio-political or

Economical circumstances by providing special incentive in the form of revenue and fiscal measure.

FINAL REPORT Chapter-III: Development Plan Proposals Detailed Area Plan: Group-D (Extension work of Group-C)

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CHAPTER-III: Development Plan Proposals

3.1 Relevant Structure Plan and Urban Area Plan Policies

Development of a controlled growth in Dhaka relies upon the adherence to a pre-determined plan. The Dhaka metropolitan Development Plan (1995-2015) was prepared addressing urban planning issues at three geographic levels: sub-regional, urban and the sub-urban. There were two relevant plans upon which the basis of Detailed Area Plan relied. These are Dhaka Structure Plan; Urban Area Plans (1995-2005) and finally Detailed Area Plan (DAPs).

3.1.1 Dhaka Structure Plan (1995-2015) This Plan Was prepared to provide a long-term (20 years) strategy for development of greater Dhaka. It projected a population of 15 million by 2015. The plan defines a broad set of policies to achieve the overall plan objectives. It is supporting documentation proposed actions for the presentation of high quality wetland, agricultural land and watercourses. It highlighted the need for retention ponds around the city limits for rainwater retention and maintenance of ecological balance. The development impetus is located in satellite communities of Savar, Gazipur, Tongi, Dhanmondi and the plan stressed the need for land use controls and building regulations that make other recommendations useful. The structure plan called for plan reviews every five years.

3.1.2 Urban Area Plans (1995-2005) The Urban Area Plans were developed for the DCC and its major expansion areas, including the areas to the east of the DCC, the DND Triangle, and for the Tongi and Gazipur, Savar and Dhamsona areas. The Urban Area Plans were intended to provide interim mid term strategies for a 10 year period and were conceived as “nested” written the over all structure plan. This plan provided an interim mid-term strategy for the 10 years to 2005 and cover for the development of urban areas within the metro Dhaka management area. The main theme of structure plan and the urban area plan is to help providing detailed planning proposals for sub areas of Dhaka. For this reason, the location-16 divided into SPZ i.e special planning Zone that contains detail landuse proposals including infrastructure.

Both the Structure Plan and Urban Area Plan viewed population growth be treated as a target rather than a prediction. The strategy of both of these plans must be pragmatic and in line with projected population. The plans aimed at lower densification accelerated development of land recently developed, providing basic utility services, road networks, curtailment of development at peripheral low lands, planned development at flood protected areas, and strategic new plan proposals for existing city including planned growth in Tongi-Gazipur and Savar-Dhamsona area.


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3.2 Design Principle and Standards

The design principles that has been visualized as a set of planning tools, for guiding and controlling the land use management of Group-D area includes following principles. The area needs further micro-level plan sponsored by RAJUK and the following design principles for landuse proposal/ development can be adopted. The set of design principles adopted for landuse proposals are as follows:

a) Land Readjustment: It is a community-building project of resident or for residents where: Land for public facilities is contributed fairly from landowners and leaseholders. Where part of development benefits are provided by landowners to an implementing body to finance project cost, not in cash but in the form of reverse land. Density reduction is remaining element of this program. Generally, overskill population or families with extremely small plots are aimed for setting in planned residential area in new urbanized zone.

b) Land Expropriation and Land Banking: Direct land Acquisition by government to provide infrastructure and services is needed for the well-being of a city. Government has been given a serious importance in view of the drainage issue as well as maintaining a green belt around the embankment, which will act as a conurbation. For this reason, Land Banks through land acquisition has been thought as an ideal process. Government can use land banks to guide urban development, fight encroachment ill, undesirable development and redistribute land for poor income housing and finance infrastructure investment by using this acquisition land as collateral when the question of borrowing from banks arises.

Under the Land Expropriation and Land Banking schemes, proposals has been made on low-lying areas of Eastern fringe Government can buy large tracts of land at market prices in these areas to ensure drainage facilities eco park development, green belt openspace as well as to distribute land to the poor or plan any development.

The regularization of illegal settlement means upgrading technique has been proposed for Islambagh, Shahid Nagar etc. through Community Development Action Plan.

c) Site and Service: This sort of design provides the low-income people or target group with a plot and basic infrastructure. The beneficiaries either buy or lease the allocated land. Often they are provided with loan for the construction of houses.

d) Land Use Zoning: Landuse zoning is effective to control densities and protect the natural and living environments. Zoning regulates the use of land or bulk control over land and buildings. They aim at controlling density of population, requirment of open space around building, height limitations, setback regulations and also FAR. It is a powerful planning tool as it permits the government to select the scale of landuse. Landuse zoning work most efficiently as a planning tool when it is complemented with other control mechanism at the more detailed level such as building regulations.


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3.3 General Development Strategies

The formulation of plan development objectives and supporting standards is one of the most important steps in the planning process. This is particularly important because of the value judgments inherent in any set of development objectives. Planning principles and guidelines are set forth to provide for the formulation of reasonable plans responsive to national and local concerns. Likewise, the plans recommended for implementation, in general, are reasonably maximize net national benefits. The planning process shall place specific emphasis on sound judgment; planners and other team members shall be guided by common sense in applying the policies and procedures contained herein. It also shall reflect a systematic and comprehensive treatment of resources. This is a very important stage in the design process crucial to the final functional, quality of the result and its efficiency and cost effectiveness. Planning principles have to address two distinct situations: existing and new urban areas (with a further distinction between small-scale incremental and large-scale planned development).

For the two situations, planning principles and design rules will work in a different way. Whereas in new urban areas there is a great deal of freedom to make ideal design decisions, in existing situations in most cases only a gradual improvement and restructuring is feasible and desirable. In existing urban areas, the quality of the buildings, the infrastructure, the general layout, the public space, findings of the survey of the existing situation is the starting point.

Here design principles and standards cannot be implemented right away, but serve rather as a reference, or target, to be approximated to a degree that depends on available budget, willingness of local inhabitants to co-operate, ability to have formal developers adopt these principles and standards. According to these opportunities, infrastructure may be upgraded, land readjustment, guided land development or slum clearance can be carried out, relocation schemes (either on or off site) can be implemented, facilities and open space may be introduced etc.

Special attention has to be given for managing development in existing urban areas. While in fringe areas that are still only partially developed, the design aims at more efficient land use by increasing density, in fully developed areas that are already very dense, measures have to be taken to match the already high and still increasing densities with the required facilities and services (always as related to infrastructure capacity and sustainable environment). Arrangement of separate consultation with representative of different interest group to formulate the design is desirable.

Residential development Along with the initiatives of private developers, some other housing areas should be developed focusing the low-income people. Thus, three types of housing areas are needed to develop. These are:


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Low income housing

Middle income housing

High income housing

Neighbourhood concept should be developed and high-income housing is proposed to locate near Neighbourhood Park.

Institutional development Schools i.e. primary, secondary, collage, madrasa and where need, university should be developed acoording to future population within the plan period.

Health facilities Health facilities should be provided accoding to the hierarchy of facilities. Primary health care center should be provided in community level and higher-level facilities according to the population threshold and equirement.

Parks/Play ground Community paks should have to be provided according to their standard and requirements.

Markets/Bazars Union Level Plan- Average no. of villages-16-18

Avarage no. of population- 70000

Small growth centre/compact settlement will be initiated/ introduced into the union centre to concentrate physical, social and economic functions for further promotion of the settlement forms.

Sub-centres- Avarage no. of villages- 4-5

Avarage no. of population- 16000-18000

The sub-centre will be the nucleous of 4 to 5 villages.The sub-centre will work as a daily market to sell perishable agricultural products, which will produce the agro-farmers to boost production. Village unplanned horizontal expansion should be strongly discouraged.

Drainage

In according to FAP-8A (Keranigonj) the study area entirely falls in Polder-01 and partly in polder-02. In adition, DAP study has identified that it is necessary to prepare a guideline on the future drainage system on the Thana as a whole, because the natural canals of the study area penetrate through the areas of Thana towards north to south from Buriganga to Dhaleswari Rivers. To make feasible of the drainage system in the study area, total drainage system in the Thana area should be controlled through rehabilitation and if necessary create new canal so that man can live with water (Map 3-1 and table 3-1).


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Table 3-1: Proposed Drainage Network in the study area

Id Number Width (Meter) Length (Meter) PPD 4 20 3860.361 PD 3 20 5413.163 PD 1 100 8868.710 PD 2 30 4166.737 PD 5 70 6340.373



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Map 3-1: Proposed retention pond in the study area

1000 0 1000 2000 Meters

Scale - ( A 4 Paper Size)

Prep ared For:

Map History

Prep ared By:

Draft F inal Report Group-D (Extensio n o f G roup-C)

Map Refe rence No :

May, 2008Date :

Projection : Data Source : Survey D atabase

1:54641


Rajdhani U nnayan Kartipakkha (RAJUk)Dhaka Metropo litan Develo pment Plan (DM DP)Drtailed Area Planning (DAP)

In Associatio n with Develo pment Design Co ns ultants Ltd.

Legend

Other Waterbodies

Mouza Boundary

Union Boundary

Locat ion Boundary

Exist ing Road NetworkProposed Road

Retention Pond

Kalatia Union

Sakta Union

Taranagar Union

Rohitpur Union

Kalatia

Kalatia

KalatiaKalatia

KalatiaKalatia

Rohitpur

Rohitpur

Sakta

Sakta

Sakta

Kalatia

Sakta



SaktaSakta

Sakta

Sakta

Tara Nagar

Tara Nagar

Tara Nagar

Sakta

Sakta

Sakta

Sakta

Tara Nagar

530000

530000

532500

532500

535000

535000

537500

537500

6175

00

617500

6200

00

620000

6225

00

622500

6250

00

625000

6275

00

627500

Retention Pond

BTM



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Roads

For the road network, the Structure Plan suggested a grid pattern with distances between major roads at an average of 1,200 m.

Without reducing capacity too far, distances may be set at 1,500 or 2,000 m for north-south roads, and 2,000 or 3,000 m for east-west roads. In fact, in the Urban Area Plan such extensive road network is already adopted.

Some of the existing major urban roads are double in scale as of national highways. The Dhaka– Chittagong road may serve as an example, as it gives both access to the northern part of the DND triangle and serves long distance traffic. It is necessary to separate these functions by constructing service roads that take over the access function.

Even though in the planning period for the Detailed Area Plans, neither the need nor the resources will be there for actually building these service roads and fly-overs, reservations (ROWs) will have to be made of, otherwise this will prove very difficult and costly later on.

Reservations may also be made for bus lanes or even light railway tracks.

Road Standards as Recommended by DMDP

The study on road and its standards that are specified in DMDP have been reviewed by the experts. The recommended Road standards are summarized in the table 3-2.

Table 3-2: Recommended Road Standards

Sl. No.

Road Categories Width (in Meter)

Width (in feet)

Remark

1. Major/Main Road 24.00 78.00 ROW 2. Arterial Road 14.50 47.50 ROW 3. Collector Road 13.00 42.60 ROW 4. Access Road-I 9.00 29.50 ROW 5. Access Road-II 6.00 19.70 ROW 6. Non Motorized Road 4.00 13.00 ROW (Pedestrian links

between two access roads) 7. Footpath 2.50 8.20 ROW

* The Above standards would be modified further on traffic volume study of different locations in the project area

3.4 Proposed Infrastructure development

3.4.1 Major Existing and Planned Networks

The review of the physical feature survey of existing road network revealed that various types of road exist in Group-D area, which have different width and do not follow any proper circulation pattern. There are different categories of roads like pucca, semi-pucca and


GBL Page-69

kutcha roads in the study area. The total length of pucca roads is 38.92 km. The condition of pucca roads is not good in the study area. Some of these roads are good and some are in poor condition. The next category of the roads is semi pucca, also called HBB (Herringbone Bond) or brick soling road, which have been identified as of almost similar in character in the whole study area. The length of semi pucca roads is about 28.08 km. The significant portion of the roads is kutcha, and its length is about 60.84 km.

In order to address the circulation problems, first initiative has to establish arterial road network, proposing some new roads and filling up the missing links. DMDP Structure Plan recommended a number of roads to be built to establish an arterial networks in this area. All of the proposals recommended in the Structure Plan were also taken in the recently developed Strategic Transport Plan (2006). The proposals made in DMDP and STP has been incorporated and some new roads have been suggested in DAP. After establishing arterial road network, internal roads have been suggested in the neighborhood level in such a way, so that a gridiron pattern has been developed, so that mobility will be easier. All the proposed roads are shown in Map 3-3 and Table 3-3 and 3-4.

Table 3-3: Structre Plan Proposed Road

Road ID Road Name Width (m.) Length (Km.) Area (Acre)SP 1 Kholamura to Ati Bhawal Road 36.59 5.693 51.471SP 2 Balsata Ati to Taranagar Road 36.59 4.535 41.003

Source: Based on Field survey, 2006

Table 3-4: Road Proposed by consultant

Road ID Road Name Width (m.) Length (Km.) Area (Acre)DAP 1 Kharakandi to Goalkhali Road 36.59 5.883 53.194DAP 2 From Shavar, Bara Monoharia to Shakta Road 91.46 8.761 197.999DAP 3 Ruhitpur to Shakta Road 24.39 4.082 24.602DAP 4 Sakta to Belna Road 36.59 4.324 39.099DAP 5 Singasur to Kholamura Bazar Road 36.59 5.788 52.333DAP 6 Taranagar Ulta to Balsata Road 24.39 2.151 12.964DAP 7 Shakta Road to Hoghway 18.29 1.295 5.854DAP 8 Balsata Road to Shakta-Dohar Road 24.39 2.212 13.333DAP 9 Ramer Kanda College Markrt to Paschim Goalkhali 36.59 2.784 25.175

Source: Based on Field survey, 2006


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Map 3-2: Existing road network in the Study Area

Legend

In As sociatio n with Develo pment Desig n Co ns ultants Ltd.

Rajdhani U nnayan Kartipakkha (RAJUk )Dhak a Metropo litan Develo pment Plan (DM DP)Drtailed Area Planning (DAP)


Kalatia Union

Sahta Union

Taranagar Union

Rohitpur Union

Kalatia

Kalatia

KalatiaKalatia

KalatiaKalatia

Rohitpur

Rohitpur

Sakta

Sakta

Sakta

Kalatia

Sakta



SaktaSakta

Sakta

Sakta

Tara Nagar

Tara Nagar

Tara Nagar

Sakta

Sakta

Sakta

Sakta

Tara Nagar

1:49334Field Survey Data Source :

Projection :

Date : May , 2008


Prep ared By:

Map History

Prep ared For:


1000 0 1000 2000 Meters

Waterbody

Mouza Boundary

Union Boundary

Locat ion BoundaryRoad Type

Pucca Road


530000

530000

532500

532500

535000

535000

6175

00

617500

6200

00

620000

6225

00

622500

6250

00

625000


BTM



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The following strategies should be adopted to promote circulation in the study area:

• A comprehensive road network should be prepared for the entire study area

using a hierarchy of road network.

• In case of local roads, a participatory approach should be developed to

realize at least a part of the cost of development from the beneficiaries. This

will also help to reduce cost involved in land acquisition for road development.

• Proposed roads in these areas should be chosen for immediate development

that is needed to promote growth in that area.

• Incremental development approach should adopt to get rid of unnecessary

costs in development of roads that will remain underutilized.

• Service roads should be created along major roads to allow free flow of long

distance traffic.

Table 3-5: List of Proposed Roads with Priority Phasing and Implementing Agency

Road ID Road Name Implementing

Agency

Phasing 2007-2011

2011-2015

Beyond 2015

SP1 120 feet wide road from Kholamura to Ati Bhawal Road RAJUK √

SP2 80 feet wide road from Balsata Ati to Taranagar Road RAJUK √

DAP1 300 feet wide road from Sakta to Bara Monoharia Road RHD √

DAP2 120 ft wide road from Kharakandi to Goalkhali Road RAJUK √

DAP3 120 feet wide road from Singasur to Kholamura Bazar Road RAJUK √

DAP4 80 feet wide road from Ati to Madhyer Char Road RAJUK √ DAP5 80 feet wide road from Ruhitpur to Shakta Road RAJUK √ DAP6 80 feet wide road from Sakta to Belna Road RAJUK √

DAP7 80 feet wide road from Taranagar Ulta to Balsata Road RAJUK √



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Map 3-3: Proposed Road Network in the Study Area

200

Location Boundary

Mouza_Sheet Boundary

300

27217016013080

86

88

100

120

30

40

50

60

6424

20

15

12Proposed Road Width(Ft)

Existing Road

Proposed Road

Sheyali No. 31

Noagaon No. 32

Chondipur No. 34Ulta No - 35

Chato Manoharia No - 36

Totail No - 39

Owashpur No - 41

Maddarchar No - 42

Nagdha No. 44

Rohiedpur No. 57

Subansur No. 60

Balna No. 14

Vhander Khola No. 13

Baro Joy Nagor No -38

Ati No. 43 Sheet No - 2

Bara Shikaritola No - 45

Balsota No. 33

Dharmasur No. 63

Malancha No. 48Sheet No. 2Vanderkhola No. 13

Sheet No. 1

Baro Manoharia No - 37

Ghatachar NO - 40

Sheet No. 2

Sakta No. 56

Sheet No - 2

Napiadi No. 47

Vararia No - 46

Birtail No. 55

Joinapur No. 59

Sakta No. 56

Baila No - 58

Kakalia No. 54

120.00

120.00

120.00

80.00

80.00

120.0

0120.00

40.00

120.00

40.0

0

40.0

0

120.00

120.0 0

120.00

120.00

170.00

120.00

Group-D (Extension of Group-A)

Group-C

Group-E

Group-D (Extension of Group-E)

1000 0 1000 MetersLegend



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3.4.2 Link Road Development program

The consultant thoroughly examined the road standards proposed by the Structure Plan. The Structure Plan recommended two categories of primary roads – main road and arterial road. The consultant suggests only arterial road with 15 meter width and collector road with 12.5 meter width for the study area. The consultant also suggests two types of access road, one for old areas with 6 meter width and for new areas with 9 meter width. The access roads would be created to link mainly the housing areas with the collector roads.

a. Arterial Road Proposals

The purpose of arterial road is to set up regional links. The consultant supports

STP proposals with some modifications.

b. Collector Road Proposals

The purpose of collector road is to establish link between main road and access road. Collector roads have been proposed in different parts of the existing and new urban areas to link them with arterial roads. The main focus of collector roads is to promote accessibility in fast growing urban centers and establish link with nearby arterial road and adjoining urban centers.

c. Access Road Proposals

Access road provides access to individual houses and links with other external activity areas through collector and main road. Access roads have been provided in existing and new urban areas to enable development on private initiatives.

Table 3-6: Planning Standards for Roads (Recent Metropolitan Plans)

Sl. No.

Categories of Road

Standards in Recent Metropolitan Plans (ROW)

Recomm-ended for DAP RMDP KMDP DMDP

1 Main Road/ Primary Road

New 100ft.-120ft. Widening 60ft.-80ft.

100ft.-120ft.

24.00 m. (78.00 ft.)

170’ 0” 126’ 0”

2 Arterial Road/ Secondary Road

New 60 ft. Widening 40ft.

60 ft-80 ft. 14.50 m. (47.50 ft.)

86’ 0’’

3 Collector Road New 30 ft.-40 ft. Widening 30ft.

40ft.-50 ft. 13.00 m. (42.60 ft.)

60’ 0’’

4 Tertiary Road / Access Road

New 30 ft. Widening 20ft.

-- 9.00m.-6.00 m. (29.50ft.-19.70ft.)

30’0” 24’ 0”

5 Non Motorized Road

-- -- 4.00 m. (13.10 ft.)

12’ 0’’

6 Footpath -- -- 2.50 m. (8.20 ft.)

6’ 0’’



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3.4.3 Road Widening Programme

To ease traffic movement and to enhance the mobility of the urbanized zones, 25 km of existing roads were prioritized for widening.

3.4.4 Commuter Rail Network

Presently, commuter rail network is not possible, but this can be developed By Bangladesh Railway involving other organizations at a later phase when need for such services arise.


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Map 3-4: Existing Landuse of the Study Area

Legend

Mouza Boundary

Union Boundary

Locat ion BoundaryExist ing Landuse

ResidentialCommercia lIndustria lInstitut ionalMixed Use

AgricultureOpen Area


Water BodySub-Flood Flow Zone

Recreationa l

In As sociatio n w ith Develo pment Desig n Co ns ultants Ltd.

Rajdhani U nnayan Kartipakk ha (RAJUk )Dhak a Metropo litan Develo pment Plan (DM DP)Drtailed Area Planning (DAP)


Kalatia Union

Sakta Union

Taranagar Union

Rohitpur Union

Kalatia

Kalatia

KalatiaKalatia

KalatiaKalatia

Rohitpur

Rohitpur

Sakta

Sakta

Sakta

Kalatia

Sakta



SaktaSakta

Sakta

Sakta

Tara Nagar

Tara Nagar

Tara Nagar

Sakta

Sakta

Sakta

Sakta

Tara Nagar

1:48370Field Survey Data Sour ce :

Projection :

Date : May , 2008


Prep ared By:

Map History

Prep ared For:

( A 4 Paper Siz e)Scale -

1000 0 1000 2000 Meters

530000

530000

532500

532500

535000

535000

6175

00

617500

6200

00

620000

6225

00

622500

6250

00

625000

Existing Landuse

BTM



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Map 3-5: Proposed Landuse of the Study Area

Loc BndMouza_sheet

Flood Flow ZoneTransport & CommunicationCommercial Zone (Office)Commercial Zone (Business)Agricultural ZoneAdministrative Zone

Proposed Landuse Type

WaterbodyWater Retention AreaUrban Residential ZoneTransportation FacilitiesRural Settlement ZoneProposed RoadOverlay ZoneOpen Space

Non Conforming Use (Others)Mixed Use Zone (Residential-General Industrial)Mixed Use Zone (Residential-Commercial-General Industrial)Mixed Use Zone (Residential-Commercial)Mixed Use Zone (Commercial-General Industrial)

Institutional Zone

Heavy Industrial ZoneGeneral Industrial Zone

Legend 1000 0 1000 Meters

Sheyali No. 31

Noagaon No. 32

Chondipur No. 34Ulta No - 35

Chato Manoharia No - 36

Totail No - 39

Owashpur No - 41

Maddarchar No - 42

Nagdha No. 44

Rohiedpur No. 57

Subansur No. 60

Balna No. 14

Vhander Khola No. 13

Baro Joy Nagor No -38

Ati No. 43 Sheet No - 2

Bara Shikaritola No - 45

Balsota No. 33

Dharmasur No. 63

Malancha No. 48Sheet No. 2Vanderkhola No. 13

Sheet No. 1

Baro Manoharia No - 37

Ghatachar NO - 40

Sheet No. 2

Sakta No. 56

Sheet No - 2

Napiadi No. 47

Vararia No - 46

Birtail No. 55

Joinapur No. 59

Sakta No. 56

Baila No - 58

Kakalia No. 54

Group-D (Extension of Group-E)

Group-E

Group-C

Group-D (Extension of Group-A)

Buriganga River



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3.5 Description of the Plan

The result of this stage of the design work has to be recorded as a first draft of the integrated planning map. For the integrated planning map, the existing situation as shown on the different layers of the base map has been summarized and planning proposals have been added. Prior to DAP formulation the overall existing situation of the study area is summarized, followed by explanation of the planning process and the planning components and finally the plan details.

The integrated planning process of DAP starts from field survey that comprises physical feature survey and socio-economic survey of existing conditions.

The integrated plan is formed by combining the proposals mainly from three different areas. These are,

1 Stakeholders’ Aspirations: Stakeholders of the study area were interviewed and their opinions and aspirations were listed up, reviewed, and assimilated to determine appropriate projects for incorporation in the integrated plan.

2 Public and Private Sector Commitments: There is large number of public and private sector commitments in the study area. All these commitments were listed up, located and integrated with the detailed area plan proposals.

3 Plans and Strategies: The planning proposals and strategic recommendations of infrastructure and development policies made by various plans and strategy report were considered while making detailed area plan proposals. Some proposals like, roads were revised in some cases to fit with practical situations.

Integrated plan has been prepared for three main components of DAP – road network, planning and location of urban amenities in existing and new urban areas and design and policy proposals for new housing areas.

This stage of planning proposal describes only the primary roads and collector roads in the study area. The road proposals are based on review of Structure Plan and STP proposals. Some modifications have been suggested for STP proposals, while full support has been provided to the Structure Plan recommendations.

FINAL REPORT Chapter IV: Plan Implementation Detailed Area Plan: Group-D (Extension work of Group-C)

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CHAPTER-IV: Plan Implementation

4.1 Area Development Priorities and Phasing

Group-D area in all directions, Buriganga River, to some extent, protects development of the area towards west. In this step, a difference has to be made between improving the existing urban situation and accommodating new development. For the existing situation, priorities depend on the urgency of problems (e.g. flooding, lack of safe drinking water and sanitation, garbage disposal, industrial waste management, proper road network development, designating area for future settlements) etc.

For new development, priorities depend on an estimate of areas that will show the faster growth. Special attention has to be given to situations in which infrastructure and utilities, serving new development (and paid for by this new development) can serve existing urban areas with serious deficiencies at the same time. Assessment of development priorities according to urgency of problems and dynamics of development is essential.

The Structure Plan made a phasing sequence based on a five-year plan period commensurate with the national five-year plan starting from 1995. It grouped the projects to be implemented in three terms as follows:

a. Short Term : 1995-2000

b. Medium Term : 2000-2005

c. Long Term : 2005-2015

No attempt was, however, made by RAJUK for preparation of detailed area plans right after completion of the DMDP in 1995. The DAP project started in the middle of 2004 with a stipulated period of 2 years. The project was supposed to be over by June 2006 that is within Structure Plan determined short and medium term period. However, DAP preparation is yet to be completed. No new Five Year Plan has been formulated after the Fifth Five Year Plan. Poverty Reduction Strategic Plan (PRSP) has replaced the five-year plan. Considering the time period left for expiry of the Structure Plan and the level of preparation of DAP the consultant refixes the phasing of the DAP as follows:

a. Short Term : 2007-2011

b. Medium Term : 2011-2015

All projects under the DAP will be executed during these two periods. The projects will be sequenced as short term and medium term based on priority of execution. Determinants of prioritization of projects are:


GBL Page-79

o potentiality of urban development in the area concern; o urgency of problems; o the projects that can serve existing as well as new areas.

The projects that will not be possible to be executed during the above two phases will be carried over to next phases to be worked out later in the next report.

Phasing

Phasing has to be derived from priorities for five-year periods (2007-2011, and 2011-2015). In this stage, the phasing represents an ideal development over time, without consideration of budgetary constraints.

Phase-1: 2007-2011

Phase-2: 2011-2015

The purpose of phasing is to establish development priorities. To achieve targets of Structure Plan objectives, both sequencing and phasing of projects are important. Sequencing allows flexibilities in response to changes or fluctuations and phasing fits the projects at the right time period. Detailed phasing of the DAP projects will be worked out in the subsequent report.

4.2 Public Sector Action Program

In this step, the ideal phasing is set against available public sector budgets and overall sectoral priorities. In most cases, this will require adjustments to the initial phasing, leading to a public sector action program.

Additional consultations with public sector agencies in charge of various parts of the program will be necessary to finalize the action program. Coordinated public sector action program is required as a part of multi-sector investment planning. Multi-sector investment planning is an extremely difficult task and cannot be accomplished by any single organization (like, RAJUK) in isolation. To work out any such program will require top-level government decisions as it involves many ministries and departments. To make the decisions of Multi-sector investment planning is binding on every ministry and its affiliated agencies it may even require legal provisions, which is beyond the capacity of the consultant. Consultant does not hold any executive authority to make any official discussion with any government agency suggesting changes in their development project prioritization or budget. This responsibility lies with the client. Consultant can best set phased out sector wise projects against thumb rule budgets. But such projects it would have very little significance to ministries other than the Ministry of Housing and Public Works.

At this level of the project, where only the areas of development and only major projects have been identified in the Final Report. It is not possible to earmark all details of micro-level sectoral projects for public sector action program.


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4.3 Development Control and Zoning

The Land use proposals are developed considering the physical and socio-economic condition, existing trends and based on the consultation with the local representatives. Major part of the study area is underdeveloped. Therefore, landuse control and use of buildings can be imposed in a wide scale during the development period and in future. The authority should be dutiful and energetic. Moreover, the current development control measures are very loosely applied, therefore, DAP needs to establish a new set of development control that could be easily achieved and compatible to the existing situations.

Legal Aspect: Plan Implementation

Within RAJUK an independent “DAP Plan Implementation Cell” needs to be created, forthwith which will be responsible for implementation of all plans. This cell should remain outside the influences of other sections of RAJUK. This cell can simultaneously work with development control and legal cell of RAJUK. It should be strengthened to work independently for better implementation and for keeping effective control of the development plan. Violation and unauthorized control should also be relugated from this cell. Other legal matters shall also be attended from this cell. For punishment of violation appropriate regulatory frameworks stated in FAR to be followed.

All construction of building and its clearance must follow Dhaka Mahanagar Imarat Nirman Bidhimala 2008, Act updated till now. This will be exercised under the preview of Town Improvement Act 1953. The Cell should be strengthen with enormous power and functional responsibilities. RAJUK’s capacity building should be augmented with decentralization of functions to cover all the five hundred ninety (590) square miles of areas. Therefore, zonal offices shall be located in all the 26 SPZ areas as delineated in the structure plan.

Planning Standard In the implementation process, DAP needs strict measures for density control, as population densification may be the cause of major problems in the area as like Dhaka city afte the infrastructural improvement. However, density may vary from area to area depending on land use composition. For residential areas DAP proposes a maximum net density 300 ppa. It shows that the gross density will be lower and may be close to maximum 125 ppa. However, the following table gives an elaboration considering the residential building types of which the net population density per acre will remain as the main controlling figure:

Table 4-1: Population information of the Study Area

Type of unit

Floor Area ratio

Population per acre

(net density)

Families per net residence.

acre

Families per neighborhood acre

(gross density) Single Family Up to 0.2 48 Up to 8 5 Two Family 0.3 72 10-12 7


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Type of unit

Floor Area ratio

Population per acre

(net density)

Families per net residence.

acre

Families per neighborhood acre

(gross density) Row 0.5 120 16-20 12 Combined flats and row

0.75 150 25-30 16

Three Story walkup 1.0 225 40-45 20 Six Storey walkup 1.4 250 65-75 28 Thirteen Storey elevator

1.8 300 85-95 31


DAP proposes the following planning standards for all location. However, for built up city some of those are revised and a lower standard also proposed for special cases. In the calculation process, existing Building Regulation of 2008 and average standard of facilities are considered.

Table 4-2: Recommended Planning Standard for Different Facilities

Sl. No.

Facilities Standards in Recent Metropolitan Plans Recommended for DAP RMDP KMDP DMDP

1 Primary School

1 school per 4,000 popu. Area: 1-1.5acre

1 school per 3,400 popu. Area: .5-.7 acre

1 school per 15,000 popu. Area: 1 acre


2 Madrasha -- -- -- 1 madrasha per 25,000 popu. Area: 1 acre

3 High School/ Intermediate College

1 school per 6,000 popu. Area: 2-3 acre

1 school per 5,000 popu. Area:1.5-1.6 acre



4 Degree College

1 college per 30,000 popu. Area: 10 acre

1 college per 36,000 popu.Area: 10 acre

-- 1 college per 30,000 popu. Area: 2 acre

5 Park/Open Space

1.5 acre per 1,000 popu.

1 acre per 1,000 popu.

0.16 acre per 1,000 popu.

0.16 acre per 1,000 popu. or 2 acre per 25000

6 Community Center

1 for each neighbourhood. Area: 0.30 acre

-- 1 in each ward. Area: 0.30 acre

1 in each ward. Area: 0.30 acre

7 Health Center 354 person per bed

527 person per bed

Ward basis Ward basis

8 Graveyard 1 per 50,000 popu. Area: 5 acre

-- Ward basis Area: 5 acres

Ward basis Area: 2 acres

9 Market 1 in each ward/spz Area: 0.30 acre

1 for 45,000 popu. Area: 0.30 acre

Ward basis Area: 0.30 acre

Ward basis Area: 0.30 acre


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Sl. No.

Facilities Standards in Recent Metropolitan Plans Recommended for DAP RMDP KMDP DMDP

10 Post Office 1 for 20,000 popu. Area: 0.50 acre

-- -- 1 for 35,000 popu.Area: 0.10 acre

11 Fire Station Area: 1 acre -- -- 1 for every 4 wards Area: 1 acre

12 Police Out Post

-- -- -- Ward wise Area: 0.10 acre

13 Mosque -- -- 1 for 3,000 popu. Area: 0.30 acre

1 for 6,000 popu. Area: 0.30 acre

Sources: DMDP, KMDP, RMDP

* Schools in built up area may accommodate themselves within a minimum of 0.5 acres. (Following the FAR regulation of the Building Construction Act, 2008)

** High Schools in built up area may accommodate themselves within a minimum of 1.0 acres. (Following the FAR regulation of the Building Construction Act, 2008)

4.4 Land Management

The residential, commercial and industrial lands created in the urban expansion process provide the needed space to accommodate economic growth. In the urban expansion sub-sector, we serve the needs of those involved in land development (residential, commercial and industrial), housing development, commercial development and industrial development. Services required span a broad spectrum, including land acquisition, community and site planning, infrastructure engineering, traffic, environmental planning, approval process management, site development, building design and construction management. Through these services, we can take an owner through the entire process from initial market analysis to a completed community, commercial project or industrial facility.

These land use development objectives shall be based on following:

a) Achievement of a balanced land use allocation A balanced allocation of space to the various land use categories, which meets the social, physical, and economic needs of the regional population, while protecting water resources.

b) Protection and efficient use of natural resources

A geographic distribution of the various land uses which results in the protection and efficient use of the natural resources of the watersheds involved, including its soils, inland lakes and streams, including floodwater storage areas, groundwater, wetlands, woodlands, prairies, wildlife habitat, natural areas and critical species habitat.


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c) Land use compatible with economical provision of public services

A geographic distribution of the various land uses which is properly related to the supporting transportation, utility, and public facility systems, including storm water management and sewerage, in order to provide these systems in as economical, as practical.

d) Preservation of land for agriculture, habitat, and orderly development

The preservation of land areas to provide land for agriculture, to enable a reserve or holding area for future urban and rural needs, and to ensure the preservation of those rural areas, which provide wildlife habitat and are essential to orderly urban development for Group-D location. Therefore the development of this area i.e the entire Keraniganj (east to west and south to north) will require planning through adopting site and service scheme, community based development, guided land development schemes and developing new growth centres with reference to satellite township to relieve Dhaka’s high-density population pressure. These centres will have good road network all over the Keraniganj including urban services.

FINAL REPORT Chapter V: Project Plan Detailed Area Plan: Group-D (Extension work of Group-C)

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CHAPTER V: PROJECT PLAN

Introduction

The Project Plans have been will show more detail and will generally place more emphasis on the aesthetic qualities of the design. There are huge numbers of projects in different sectors involving different GOB ministries that have been identified in the detailed area plan of Group-D. Only Bankable priority projects are considered for discuss in detail in this chapter. The consultant phased out sector wise projects. At this stage only major projects have been identified. It is not possible to earmark all the details of micro-level sectoral projects for Public Sector action program.

Description of the Project

For Group-D area, quite a significant number of projects/ schemes have been identified and their profiles have been made. The list of these Projects is given in the Annexure.

Indication of Project Cost

For Group-D (Extension of Group-C) area, quite a large number of projects/ schemes have been identified and their profiles have been made. These schemes involve immense cost and this is very significant in relation to the nature of projects that will be implemented/ undertaken by various GOB ministries. A lot of costing calculations like land acquisition, different levels of construction, design, plan and costs of personnel, etc are involved. This needs a separate detailed study for every individual project, which is quite extraneous for this study. However, the project funding source has been identified and mentioned like GOB/ DONOR, GOB alone, RAJUK/ DCC, RAJUK/ DCC / BWDB, RAJUK/ RHD, etc.

FINAL REPORT Chapter VI: Follow up Action Detailed Area Plan: Group-D (Extension work of Group-C)

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CHAPTER VI: FOLLOW UP ACTIONS

6.1 Introduction

From past experience it has been observed that plans prepared for planned development and development control have been neglected and piece-meal type development schemes were undertaken resulting in total chaos in urban living. It is unfortunate that town planning is not well founded as a part of our cultural practices. Individuals love to go at will without respect to planning norms. As such, it is essential that some sort of awareness is to be built among the people to follow the plan. On the other hand the respective authorities should become sincere and dedicated to implement the plan. In order to accomplish the goal set forward in the plan, some follow up actions are required.

6.2 Follow up Actions

6.2.1 Awareness Building

It has been mentioned that town planning has not become a part of our cultural practice. This is mostly due to ignorance about the benefit of planned development and the evils of haphazard /sprawl development. This can be achieved by way of propagation, advertisement in newspaper and direct contact with local people. Easy availability of plan document also enables people to become aware of the plan and thereby follow the guidelines. As such, RAJUK should take initiatives so that the plan document is available easily and at minimum cost.

6.2.2 Willingness of the Authorities to implement the Plan

RAJUK on adoption of the planning document should show its intent to implement the plan through effective control measures. This calls for equipping it with necessary logistic and efficient manpower.

6.2.3 Revision of existing and formulation of new legal provisions relevant to DAP

This should be made by RAJUK under a special project, to be executed by RAJUK.

6.2.4 Identification and Preparation of Policies for Non Conforming Uses

This relates to the formulation of policies by government and practiced by RAJUK with the approval of GOB.

6.2.5 Preparation of Action Area Plan

It is expected that DAP will eventually consider the proposals to develop satellite communities as per Structure Plan and Urban Area Plan, and simultaneously encourage


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transfer of people from the very congested parts of Mother City to Satellite Cities after 2015 and further within next 20-25 years. If this can be done, then the Group-D area can be soundly brought under the domain of physical planning in Dhaka and surroundings.

The consultant recommends further studying of DPZs. Every DPZ requires correct and accurate diagnosis of her ailments, which was not much refelected in this study. There shall be more survey, investigation, and landuse proposals including area development through various land management techniques. This will involve major stakeholders’ consultations, formulating design principles involving particular area, target population, compensation package and resettlement plans and others. Detail Action Plan project DPZ wise will allow detail micro level planning. Consultants feels that in later or next phase, separate comprehensive planning involving every DPZ shall be carried out by GOB/ RAJUK as project inorder to form short to medium term investment. So far, DAP attempted broad landuse proposals, which are guideline only, but DPZ Detail Area Action Plan Project will promote clear accurate solutions.

6.2.6 Resolving Duality of Power in Granting Planning Permit

It is found that local authorities like Paurashava or Union Parishad grant planning permit within RAJUK’s jurisdiction area. The Local Government Ordinance provides power to the local government institutes to issue planning permits. This has given duality in the performance of development control function resulting in chaos as RAJUK and local government institutes follow different rules.

6.2.7 Decentralization of RAJUK Function

RAJUK zonal office should be more powerful and zonal offices should be set up at Paurashava level, if not union level. The zonal office should be given appropriate authority to enable them to handle living problems.

6.2.8 Bringing Potential Areas for Urban Growth under Municipal Authority

There are many areas within RAJUK’s jurisdiction without municipal authority coverage, which prevents management of utility provision very much difficult. These areas should be brought under municipal coverage both for utility management as well as for effective development control.

6.2.9 Strengthening Planning Department

RAJUK’s Planning Department especially Plan Preparation and Implementation wing should be equipped with sufficient number of qualified planners and logistic to enable them monitor the development trend within the RAJUK area. This will help them effectively guide developments in preferred areas of urban expansion. However, proposed RAJUK organogram proposes non-planners to men the Plan Preparation wing.


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6.2.10 Co-ordination Among Related Authorities/ Agencies

RAJUK should take initiative to faster better co-ordination among the stakeholders especially line agencies. Through this, RAJUK will be able to stop unauthorized construction by public sector agencies.

6.2.11 Enforcement of Law for Restoring Plan

This is also a prime responsibility of RAJUK and appropriate legals framework, charters and mandates, should be formulated by RAJUK for ensuring above functions. This can be (legal framework) made by a separate study/ projects.

6.2.12 Provision of penalty for Plan Violation

There should be provision of punishment for violation of the plan provision by individuals as well as development and public sector agencies. Violation of planning provision makes it difficult to implement planning provisions properly.

6.2.13 Plan Review

Planning is a continuous living process and they need review, monitoring and updating with the changing scenario. In fact, it is a part of living dynamic process.

FINAL REPORT Chapter VII: Conclusion Detailed Area Plan: Group-D (Extension work of Group-C)

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CHAPTER VII: Conclusion

The Group-D area’s landuse proposals are mainly follows broad landuse guidelines mentioned in the Structure Plan. This is an area where future population settlement from DPZ-1 and 2 can take place, and proper planned urban development can be ensured. This area not only has a chance of experiencing future extension of old Dhaka but also can be an area from where the food market of southern Group-c area can be made. In fact, Group-D area has lots of potential to cater for Group-C area. Already, many commercial and small-scale industrial functions are being transferred to this area especially around the northern edge of the river. There also exists private developer’s housing activity. Significant land filling of the low-lying areas of Group-D is undergoing with quite a high pace. Haphazard development has been seen by consultants and RAJUK’s development control is absolutely absent. Considering the present background of this area, several landuse has been proposed for this location. It is hoped that setting up of a “Green Village” and growth centres with handicraft industry around the area will promote tourist attraction. All residential development has been considered to be established in a ribbon like development around the location. The vast middle part of this location has been recommended to stay as agriculture, urban food production and Dairy. For retaining the function of Sub-flood flow zone small patches of commercial points and a recreation spot at Madhyer Char has been suggested. The aim of this plan is to create this location as an attractive settlement/ satellite community in the south. Though the area is highly floodprone and low-lying, its closeness to Old Dhaka will ultimately influence its development. The highly congested Old Dhaka’s (DPZ-1 & 2) inhabitants will prefer to make this location as their future habitat. Detail examination of this area concerning the socio-economic, physical feature, topographic and existing landuse, etc is not studied in depth. Therefore, future attempts should be made to explore further its potentiality. So far, attempts are only made to direct Dhaka’s growth towards north, but developments in the south have significant potentials and possibilities, too.

FINAL REPORT Annexure Detailed Area Plan: Group-D (Extension work of Group-C)

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ANNEXURE


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[

1. Annex-1: List of proposed project in the study area

Table-1: Proposed Khal Improvement project

Project Type Project Name Mouza Name Khal Improvement K1 Ati

K2 Bhandarkhola K3 Ghata Char & Washpur K4 Balsata K5 Belna K6 Belna K7 Joinpur K8 Sakta K9 Ruhitpur K10 Dharmasur K11 Ruhitpur K12 Sakta K13 Kakalia K14 Dharmasur K15 Balsata K16 Bhandarkhola K17 Subanpur & Bhandarkhola K18 Belna K19 Nayagaon K20 Sakta K21 Sakta K22 Kakalia K23 Sakta K24 Balsata & Bhararia K25 Nayagaon K26 Bara Monoharia K27 Bara Monoharia K28 Kakalia K29 Kakalia K30 Sakta K31 Sakta K32 Sakta & Malancha K33 Kakalia K34 Sakta K35 Sakta K36 Bara Monoharia K37 K38 Bara Monoharia K39 Bara Monoharia K40 Sarashpur K41 Bara Joynagar K42 Ati K43 Totail K44 Madhyer Char K45 Totail K46 Madhyer Char


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Table-2: Proposed Khal Protection project

Project Type

Project Name Khal Protection ID Mouza Name

Khal Protection

30 meter width Green Belt beside Khal

KP1 Ati KP2 Bhandarkhola KP3 Ghata Char & Washpur KP4 Balsata KP5 Belna KP6 Belna KP7 Joinpur KP8 Sakta KP9 Ruhitpur KP10 Dharmasur KP11 Ruhitpur KP12 Sakta KP13 Kakalia KP14 Dharmasur KP15 Balsata KP16 Bhandarkhola KP17 Subanpur & Bhandarkhola KP18 Belna KP19 Nayagaon KP20 Sakta KP21 Sakta KP22 Kakalia KP23 Sakta KP24 Balsata & Bhararia KP25 Nayagaon KP26 Bara Monoharia KP27 Bara Monoharia KP28 Kakalia KP29 Kakalia KP30 Sakta KP31 Sakta KP32 Sakta & Malancha KP33 Kakalia KP34 Sakta KP35 Sakta KP36 Bara Monoharia KP37 KP38 Bara Monoharia KP39 Bara Monoharia KP40 Sarashpur KP41 Bara Joynagar KP42 Ati KP43 Totail KP44 Madhyer Char KP45 Totail KP46 Madhyer Char


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Table-3: Truck Farming

Project Type

Project Name

Area in Acres

Mouza Name

Truck Farming

Irrigation, Vegetables, poultry for intensive

agriculture

2360.186 Baila, Nayagaon, Belna, Joinpur, Ruhitpur, Sakta, Balsata, Ati, Ulta, Chandipur, Shiali, Choto Monoharia, Bara Monoharia, Bara Joynagar, Bhandarkhola, Sarashpur, Subanpur, Dharmasur, Kakalia & Malancha

Table-4: Other Projects

Project Type

Project Name Area in Acres Mouza Name Plot No.

Institutional Vocational Institution 1.25 Sakta 740, 741, 742, 745, 746, 747, 744

Planned Village

Green Village 1432.788 Kalatia , Ruhitpur

(Part)

Extension part of

Group_C 100

Extension part of Group_A

1332.788

Table-5: Proposed Road with plot number

Project Type Project Name Width (ft) Length (km) Mouza Name Plot No Primary Road Kharakandi to

Goalkhali Road 120 5.883 Bhandarkhola,

Subanpur, Ruhitpur & Dharmasur

5,31-37,39,83-86,88, 106-08,112,121,126,178,179, 221-25,328,330, 335,336, 403, 409-12,415,417,499-03,554,562,611,612,614,617,619,631,634,640,643,645,657,65962,681,685,686,689,693,719,720, 722,723,726,729,730,737,740-42,749,759,1007-32,1056,1058,1061, 1063, 2471,2571,2576,2578,2579,2584,2589,2636,2640, 2641,2671,2672,2676,2699,2743,2745

Kholamura to Ati Bhawal Road

120 5.693 Bara Monoharia,Bara Joynagar,Ati & Bhararia

1-3,5-8,21,22,73,75,79,83,88,92-99,103-107,110-17,122-28,135,137,138,142-46,148,149,152,153,158-60,173,177,182,203,225-27,240,243-45,249,256-58,260,266,277,287,300-08,312-16,324,328-30,338,345,346,430,431,435,446,558,562,563,567,571,575,587, 591,602,634-37,643,666,800-02,982,995,996,1159,2150,2319,2601,2602,2609,2610,2612,2613,2879,2880,2943,2947,2948,2985,2987,2991,2993,3019,3034,3035,3043,3049,3055,3056,3065, 3066,3075,3077-80,3097-3101,3480,3486,3489,3490,3495,3891

Sakta to Belna Road

120 4.324 Belna & Sakta 1,2,40,42,43,44,51,52,55,62,351-58,399,400,407,798,801-03,810,811,813,814,824,825,979-82,984,985,994-


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Project Type Project Name Width (ft) Length (km) Mouza Name Plot No 1004,1247,1249,1253,1256,1258,1259,1261-69,1276,1277,1286,1289,1291, 1294,1295,1298,1300,1302,1307-10,1319,1322,1328,1329,1540,1542,1595,1600,1603-20,1623-26,1628-36,1646,1647,1649,1653,1654,1657,1658,1730,1756-59,1766,1770,1773,1777,1782,1784,1787,2082,2108,2128,2134-39,2141,2172,2173,2180,2181, 2211,2212,2218,2220-22

Singasur to Kholamura Bazar Road

120 5.788 Napiadi, Malancha, Balsata, Nayagaon & Birtail

24,25,38,41,83,87,97-99,102,106,107,118,124,125,135,140,142,153-55,165,166,168,204,205,207,214,237,238,313,314,316-22,324-26,329,339-48,350,353-57,389-99,402,403,405-08,895,896,902-05,908,909,917,918,946-50,964,965,971,972,975-77,1341,3175,3178,3201,3210-13,3215,3464,3465,3467-71,3487,3499-3505,3570,3571,3573,3574,3577,3586,3587,3588,3591,3594-97,3603,3609-13,3808,3816,3817,3834,3859,3909,3993,4009,4010,4015,4019,4020,4024-28,4034,4092,4093

Ramer Kanda College Market to Paschim Goalkhali

120 2.784 Sakta & Dharmasur

411-13,415,493-97,766-72,774-95,798-801,1008-12,1243,1247,1252,1253,1258, 1266-68,1299-1301,1308,1309,1355,1370,1371,1394-96,1424,1425, 1441,1442,1451

Balsata Ati to Taranagar Road

120 4.535 Balsata,Ati & Ghata Char

1,18-20,25-27,45,46,57,58,71-75,89,90,92,93,101,118,119,121,122,151,152,249,258,333,337,339,357,359,438,439,441-44,446,449,454,457-59,465,467,468,475-77,493-96,557,574-77,580,613,614,623,626,634-43,658,662-66,668,677,678,683-85,716,768,769,784,1065,1067, 1068,1073,1075,1123

Primary Road (Highway)

From Shavar, Bara Monoharia to Shakta Road

300 8.761 Dharmasur, Sakta, Birtail, Balsata, Ulta, Chota Monoharia & Bara Monoharia

1-4,6,7,20,21,27-31,33-54,56-67,70-74,76-81,85-87,92,93,98-112,114,115,119-121,124-140,147-49,154-65,167-70,172-76,180,189,190,214-227,230-37,244-46,258-60,271,272,274,283-85,288,289,292-95,307-10,313,314,316,333,334,339-43,345-53,355,359-64,366-71,382,387,388,391-96,407,409,410,413,414,446-54,461,462,464,467,469-72,485-92,514-17,524-28,536-41,544,545,553,554,568-81,595-


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Project Type Project Name Width (ft) Length (km) Mouza Name Plot No 98,600-03,607-09,616-24,628-37,674-77,681-84,687-90,692,716-20,738-42,755-59,842-45,852-57,866,868-70,872-74,910-12,914,923,932-35,939-42,949-54,956,957,1008-14,1119,1120,1122-24,1138-42,1157-61,1163-65,1399,1400,1409-15,1418-20,1425-35,1440,1441

Secondary Road (Arterial)

Taranagar Ulta to Balsata Road

80 2.151 Shiali, Chandipur & Ulta

66,146,150,154,156,171,199-201,213-15,219,221,239,258,270-72,274,275,278,279,281,289,290,3005,439

Balsata Road to Shakta-Dohar Road

80 2.212 Ati & Balsata 258,439,442,793,799,800,809,813,832,834,841,1022,1032,1046, 1047,1065,1083,1089,1186,1187,1191,3372,3762,3765,3833,3834,3839,3845,3863,3869,3878,3927,3932,3976-78,3996

Ruhitpur to Shakta Road

80 4.082 Ruhitpur & Sakta 475,476,480,637,711-14,721,730,731,760,763,767,774-76,849,851,853,872,873,902,910,973,974,1007,2226,2282,2283, 2290,2291,2337,2338,2398,2399,2467,2468,2472,2502,2528-30,2534,2535,2781-83,2894,3079-82

Secondary Road (Connector)

Sakta Road to Highway

60 1.295 Birtail & Nayagaon

31,32,34,35,38,55,205,255,481, 516,521,1454