Group 8 Report

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VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY HO CHI MINH CITY

INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY

FINAL REPORT

Encouraging public transportationin Vietnam

Lecturer: Dr. Nguyn Hng LinhGROUP 8:

1. Nguyn Th Qunh Chi BAIU092002. Chung Phng nh ITIU080013. Trn Phc Lc ITIU080194. Hunh Ngc Kiu My BAIU094725. V Hong Nguyn EEIU080226. Nguyn c Quc Thi ITIU08033

Academic 2010 2011


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OUTLINE

I. Introduction

A. Definition of Public Transportation.

B. Current state of Public Transportation in Viet Nam and barriers in

walking, biking or mass transit.

II. Argument about problem of using Publish

transportation in Viet Nam

A. Reasons why citizens of major cities in VN are being encouraged to

use Public Transportation?

B. Benefits of using Public Transportation.

C. The way to encourage people use Public Transportation.

III. Conclusion


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Content

I. INTRODUCTION

A. Definition of Public Transportation

Public Transportation (mass transit) is a system whose participants do not use

private means of transport. Transportation systems, usually publicly but

sometimes privately owned and operated, designed to move large numbers of

people in various types of vehicles in cities, suburbs, and large metropolitan

areas.

B. Current state of Public Transportation in Viet Nam and barriers in

walking, biking or mass transit According to "The Master Plan of Urban Transport for Hanoi City in Viet Nam"

prepared by JICA in 1997, the number of daily trips made by public transportation

will increase from 124 thousand trips, or 3.6% of the total trips in 1995, to 963

thousand trips, or 9.5% of the total trips in 2015. The number of buses required

will reach approximately 3,000 in 2010 and 4,000 in 2020, while the figure at

present is less than one hundred. The bus is served only 7% of the total trips as

an interim target in 2009.

Berries

o Walking: Almost of the pavement is too narrow for passengers to walk on

because of the encroachment of some shops and constructions (Figure 1).

Besides, pedestrians, especially tourist, are often disturbed by beggar.

Figure 1
http://media.tinmoi.vn/2009/04/24/images1770464_1.jpghttp://media.tinmoi.vn/2009/04/24/images1770464_1.jpg


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o Biking: The quality of some roads are not good because of pot-hole

(Figure 2), and the density of motorcycle are extremely high (Figure 3). Ho

Chi Minh City has much wider area thus the percentage of road space at

present is lower than Hanoi. But in the center of Ho Chi Minh City has

spacious grid roads.

Figure 2

Figure 3

o Mass Transit: Bus is a typical type of Public Transportation in Ha Noi and

Ho Chi Minh City. Nowadays, bus system is popular and widen all over the

city (Figure 4). However, staffs of some buses do not have a good attitudein dealing with passenger. Besides, many bus stops are not arranged

rationally, so it is not convenient for passenger to travel by bus.
http://images.vietnamnet.vn/dataimages/200911/original/images1877399_4.jpghttp://images.vietnamnet.vn/dataimages/200911/original/images1877399_4.jpghttp://images.vietnamnet.vn/dataimages/200911/original/images1877399_4.jpg


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Figure 4

II. Argument about problem of using Publish transportation in Viet

Nam

A. Reasons why citizens of major cities in Viet Nam are being

encouraged to use Public Transportation

Ho Chi Minh City has about 2600 buses, 3579 taxi cars and approximately 4

million motorcycles. In Figure 6 show that motorcycle holds 79% requirements of

the citizens movement. On the other hands, Public Transportation only holds

3%, this figure prove that citizen have used private means of transport too much

due to the convenience of using motorcycle in daily life. It is the main reason

result to the issue of traffic jam, pollution, etc


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Figure 5

B. Benefits of using Public Transportation.

People who live in rural or suburban areas often have the option of public

transportation, at least for the daily commute to work. There are manyadvantages to using public transportation. Because many citizens in Vietnam are

passengers on any public vehicle at least once, those benefits are probably

recognized by individuals, such as lower travelling costs, convenience and

environmental positive effects.

Reducing cost is what most people concern while making choices, and travelling

costs are typical enough. If you compare the cost of gas, parking and auto

maintenance to the cost of a bus or train pass, youll find that a monthly

commuting pass is far more economical. If you live in an urban area and use the

bus or train as your primary transportation source, you save even more on car

payments, insurance and repairs. Some people hold that public transport acts to

"provide a social service for the poor passengers are in fact overwhelmingly

middle-class". This is probably due to the massive benefits of making daily

3%

79%

18% Public

Motor

Other


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commutes in pooled transport, therefore meaning many businessmen and

workers use it. On the other hand, reduced time spent on maintenance of

personal vehicles should be added up, too.

Convenience is the next advantage: most trains and buses run on a set

schedule that you can set your commuting time around. No more roaming around

looking for parking or sitting in traffic. Some say that buses and trains take longer

than driving, but if you consider that driving is lost time that you can better

spend reading or relaxing while leaving the driving to someone else, you come

out way ahead time wise. One objection to riding public transport may be that a

person has children to transport. Many find it easier to look after a bunch of kids

while seated on a train or bus than constantly trying to keep an eye on whats

going on in the back seat while trying to drive, without having to parking spaces

at your destination.

About advantages for environment, consider how many large suburban vehicles

and trucks you see inhabited by one or two people. Everyone who is taking his or

her own vehicle is causing some individual pollution, and the earth does not need

any extra of that. And many public transportations systems like trains or cable

cars do not cause the same energy waste. Public transportations can lead to

reduced damage to the environment. One bus emits far fewer fumes than twenty

cars (especially if it uses LPG fuel). Train emissions of CO2 "per passenger/Km

are, on average, approximately half that of travel by car". The cost to the

environment is something that affects everyone. Economic concerns dictate that

for future prosperity we must invest now, in a greener future. An initial cost will

prevent massive costs later. Combining that with the freight savings of rail, it

makes sense for governments and citizens to support the rail system. Using

trains, expresses and buses also mean that less loss of fuel and energy to hugeamount of cars and motorbikes. By reducing fuel usage, we are making our

country more independent of the major oil-supplying countries that sometimes

disrupt our lives by restricting oil. If oil consumption dropped, then it will be less

effective to use oil supply as a political weapon. Another secure reason is that

bus uses and trains are safer than cars. In fact, you are 9 times more likely to die


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travelling by car than by rail. Furthermore, problems of crowding and traffic jams

in rush hours can also be solved, because 50 cars or motorbikes must cost more

spaces compared to a bus.

Fares in Ho Chi Minh City are set on a route by route basis. The fare for non-air

conditioned buses varies from 150 to 200 VND/km, while from 200 to 300 VND

for air-conditioned buses. Since there is no significant difference between bus

and motorcycle in the unit cost, a cost for 10km travel by bus is lower than the

motorcycle at 400 VND, which is not attractive enough for people in Ho Chi Minh

City to use buss in terms of cost savings (Figure 6).

Figure 6: Bus Fare and Motorcycle Cost

C. The way to encourage people use Public Transportation.

Improving bus net suitable with developing of city like upgrading the traffics

infrastructure, developing other kind of Public Transportation as tram, subway,

and so on. Besides, we have to manufacture many styles of bus to suit with

roads in city, meet the demand to passenger, save the energy and reducing

pollution.


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Public Administrate and Control Transportation Center of Ho Chi Minh City

should manage cooperatives tightly and often inspect the quality of their buss

service, try to upgrade the administrator and control system more efficient and

modern in the future.

Enhance the quality of bus service. For instance, remind the attitude of staff in

dealing with passenger, have a good maintenance for the bus, increase the route

of bus to avoid the crowded state in rush hours (Figure 7), etc.

Figure 7

Develop other kinds of Public Transportation which was used popularly in many

developed country like subway, trunk bus. For instances, the trunk bus system

has railway-like characteristics and offers a frequent service in a certain fixed

route. An example of the trunk bus system employed in Nagoya, Japan is shown

in Figure 9. Buses run through exclusive lanes in the mirth of the roadway, which

are separated from the lanes for other vehicles. Since buses run the dedicated

space, conflicts between buses and access traffics to building alongside the

streets are avoidable. Buses stop for passengers embarkation and

disembarkation at designated bus stops and bus terminals. Interval of bus stops

is around 1.0 km to 1.5 km, which is longer than usual for conventional

operations.


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Figure 9: Example of Trunk Bus system

If public administrate and control transportation center manage cooperatives

tightly and often inspect the quality of bus then the quality of bus service will be

enhance. If enhance the quality of bus service then the citizens will go out by

bus. So, if public administrate and control transportation center manage

cooperatives tightly and often inspect the quality of bus then the citizens will go

out by bus.

o A is public administrate and control transportation center manage

cooperatives tightly and often inspect the quality of bus.

o B is quality of bus service will be enhance.

o C is the citizens will go out by bus.

We can symbolize this argument form in the following way:

If A then B

If B then C

So, if A then C

Now lets set up the truth table:


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A B C (AB)* (BC)* (AC)C

T T T T T TT T F T F FT F T F T T

T F F F T FF T T T T TF T F T F TF F T T T TF F F T T T

So, this argument is valid

III. Conclusion

Viet Nams public transportation systems are a vital part of everyday life, incommunities large and small. They provide services that are the backbone to

business and economic centers, allow greater access to schools and doctors,

and connect neighbors to each other.

Making a smart investment in more and better public transportation will preserve

the integrity of the transportation systems we have now, and will create economic

and social opportunities.

Public transportation plays a significant role in finding solutions to the numerous

challenges facing Viet Nam today. Whether it's more jobs, a cleaner

environment, energy independence or a better quality of life.

To conclude about the use in major cities of public transportation means (mainly

buses), there are three arguments can be raised:

Argument 1:

1) Biking and walking take long time and efforts, can be used in limited

distances and depend on the weather.2) Travel by motorbikes and automobiles encounter with many problems

such as high rate of accident, high expenses, parking space and air

pollution.

3) Meanwhile, travel by buses has low expenses, high safety, long distance,

not depend on the weather and reduce air pollution.


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4) Therefore, among transportation means in major cities, buses may appear

to have lager advantages as well as overcome problems of other means.

Argument 2:

1) Vietnam government is investing more to improve bus line system in

whole city and the quality of the services.

2) The authority and citizens are cooperating to make a better bus system

and encourage the use of it by broad and strong campaigns as well as a

good information network.

3) So, the bus system in major cities will probably be better, more developed

and popular in next short time.

1 2

4

3

1 2

3


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Argument 3:

1) We - the citizens of this city should together with the country encouragethe use of public transportation in big cities, due to following reasons:

2) Buses, as representative to the public transportation means, has many

advantages and benefits that surpass other transportation means in major

cities of Vietnam.

3) Bus system is supported and developed strongly by many forces and

sides to overcome its shortcomings and be more and more popular in

future.

2 3

1


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REFERENCESB. Cudahy. Cash, Tokens and Transfers: A History of Urban

Mass Transit(1991)

R. Fogelson. Fragmented Metropolis(1967)

S. Fischler. Moving Millions(1979)

SaiGonGiaiPhong News online. Retrieved January 1, 2012

fromhttp://www.sggp.org.vn/

TuoiTre News online. Retrieved January 1, 2012

fromhttp://www.tuoitre.com.vn/Tianyon

Urban Public Transportation in Viet Nam(December, 1999), JapanBank for International Cooperation (JBIC)

Vietbao online, Retrieved January 1, 2012

fromhttp://vietbao.vn/Xa-hoi

Wikipedia, Retrieved January 1, 2012

fromhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport
http://www.sggp.org.vn/http://www.sggp.org.vn/http://www.sggp.org.vn/http://www.tuoitre.com.vn/Tianyonhttp://www.tuoitre.com.vn/Tianyonhttp://www.tuoitre.com.vn/Tianyonhttp://vietbao.vn/Xa-hoihttp://vietbao.vn/Xa-hoihttp://vietbao.vn/Xa-hoihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transporthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transporthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transporthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transporthttp://vietbao.vn/Xa-hoihttp://www.tuoitre.com.vn/Tianyonhttp://www.sggp.org.vn/

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