The Geography of Greece

The Geography of Greece

Bronze Age GreeceBronze Age Greece

Crete: Minoan Civilization

(Palace at Knossos)

Crete: Minoan Civilization

(Palace at Knossos)

Knossos: Minoan Civilization

Knossos: Minoan Civilization

Minoan CivilizationMinoan Civilization

The Mycenaean Civilization

The Mycenaean Civilization

Homer: The “Heroic Age”

Homer: The “Heroic Age”

The Mask of AgamemnonThe Mask of Agamemnon

ATHENS: Yesterday & Today

ATHENS: Yesterday & Today

Piraeus: Athens’ Port City

Piraeus: Athens’ Port City

Early Athenian Lawgivers

Early Athenian Lawgivers

•Draco - “draconian”

• Solon

• Cleisthenes created the first democracy!

Persian Wars: 499 BC – 480 BC

Persian Wars: 499 BC – 480 BC

Persian Wars: Famous BattlesPersian Wars: Famous Battles•Marathon (490 BC)

- 26 miles from Athens

• Thermopylae (480 BC) - 300 Spartans at the Mountain pass

• Salamis (480 BC) - Athenian navy victorious

Golden “Age of Pericles”:

460 BC – 429 BC

Golden “Age of Pericles”:

460 BC – 429 BC

Great Athenian Philosophers

Great Athenian Philosophers• Socrates

- Know thyself! - question everything - only the pursuit of goodness brings happiness.

• Plato - The Academy - the world of the FORMS - The Republic philosopher-king

Great Athenian Philosophers

Great Athenian Philosophers•Aristotle

- the Lyceum - “Golden Mean” [everything in moderation] - Logic - Scientific method.

Athens: The Arts & Sciences

Athens: The Arts & Sciences•DRAMA

(tragedians): - Aeschylus - Sophocles - Euripides

• THE SCIENCES: - Pythagoras - Democritus all matter made up of small atoms. - Hippocrates “Father of

Medicine”

Phidias’ AcropolisPhidias’ Acropolis

The Acropolis TodayThe Acropolis Today

The ParthenonThe Parthenon

The AgoraThe Agora

The Classical Greek “Ideal”

The Classical Greek “Ideal”

Italy moves to stop ultra-skinny models ROME (Reuters) - Italy's government and its fashion chiefs are working on a manifesto to crack down on the use of ultra-thin teenagers on the catwalk, as pressure grows on the fashion

world to promote healthier looks. After Spain barred models below a certain weight from a Madrid fashion show in September, industry leaders in Argentina and now Brazil have joined a campaign to ensure models are over

16 years old and are not excessively thin.Powerful Milan fashion houses first resisted calls to copy the Spanish regulations, with Italian National Fashion Chamber

head Mario Boselli saying in September that only "maybe one girl in a hundred" could be defined as too skinny.

But after Boselli, whose lobby represents big names like Armani, Versace and Prada, met Italian Youth Minister

Giovanna Melandri this week, he agreed to work with the ministry on a self regulatory code of good practice.

Italy moves to stop ultra-skinny models

"Italy has an important strategic role in world fashion so we have to send a strong signal," said Flaminia

Spadone, an aide to the minister.The manifesto will be launched before the Milan

women's fashion week in February, a major event in the catwalk calendar.

"We'd like fashion houses, modeling agencies, photographers and everyone working in the fashion

world to sign the charter," she said. "It would be voluntary but professional bodies could decide to

impose sanctions on people who don't sign, preventing them from taking part in fashion shows."Boselli told Reuters the charter might require women to undergo medical checks for body weight, though it would also take into account factors like genetic

influences on weight.

Italy moves to stop ultra-skinny models ULTRA-SLIM LOOK

The use of underweight models promoting the ultra-slim look has held sway in much of world fashion since the 1990s, and

was epitomized by British supermodel Kate Moss.But it has come into sharp critical focus since the death of

Brazilian model Ana Carolina Resto last month from complications derived from the slimming disease anorexia. There are calls for a return to the slim but more curvaceous

models of the 1980s, like and Claudia Schiffer."We won't have a specific limit on body mass index as they do

in Spain," said Boselli.But Spadone said the ministry would ideally like to follow the Spanish example and impose a limit on the body mass index, which takes into account the model's height versus weight.

She said models who came under 18.5 on the index -- the World Health Organisation's definition of underweight -- should be

banned from working for the sake of their own health."In the Third World, if someone has an index of less than 18.5,

they send in humanitarian aide," she said.

A model shows a design by Unique in London September 17, 2006. Italy's government and its fashion chiefs are working on a manifesto to crack down on the use of ultra-thin teenagers on the catwalk, as pressure grows on the fashion world to promote healthier looks. (Kevin Coombs/Reuters)

MILAN (Reuters) - The Italian fashion capital Milan has formally barred ultra-skinny and under-age models ahead of its February catwalk shows, as the fashion world comes under pressure to promote a healthier image.The agreement signed on Monday between the city and its powerful fashion industry bans models under 16 and those with a body mass index of less than 18.5 from Milan's shows.The accord also includes courses on healthy eating and exercise and calls for a variety of clothing sizes in shows."The agreement is the result of a common effort ... to share and to communicate to our young people the importance of positive models of living," Milan mayor Letizia Moratti said in a statement.

Milan bans ultra-skinny models from catwalk Tue Dec 19, 2006 7:49am ET

Body mass index is the ratio of weight to the square of height -- so that a 1.73 m (5 foot 8 inch) model who weighed less than 55.4 kg (122 lb) would be barred.The accord is broadly in line with a manifesto issued by the national government and Italy's fashion chiefs on Saturday, and due to be signed this week.Spain barred models below a certain weight from Madrid's shows in September. This month Brazil launched a campaign to ban under-age, underweight models from shows in response to the death of a Brazilian model from complications due to anorexia.Milan's fashion houses at first resisted calls to follow the Spanish example. Mario Boselli, the head of Italy's National Fashion Chamber, said in September that only "maybe one girl in a hundred" of the models on show could be defined as too skinny.But Boselli, whose lobby group represents such big names as Armani, Versace and Prada, agreed to work with the government on a self-regulatory code of good practice.

MILAN: The Italian fashion capital Milan has formally barred ultra-skinny and under-age models ahead of its February catwalk shows, as the fashion world comes

under pressure to promote a healthier image. The agreement signed on Monday between the city

and its powerful fashion industry bans models under 16 and those with a body mass index of less than 18.5

from Milan's shows. The accord also includes courses on healthy eating

and exercise and calls for a variety of clothing sizes in shows.

"The agreement is the result of a common effort ... to share and to communicate to our young people the

importance of positive models of living," Milan mayor Letizia Moratti said in a statement.

Body mass index is the ratio of weight to the square of height – so that a 1.73m model who weighed less

than 55.4kg would be barred.

The accord is broadly in line with a manifesto issued by the national government and Italy's fashion chiefs

on Saturday, and due to be signed this week. Spain barred models below a certain weight from Madrid's shows in September. This month Brazil

launched a campaign to ban under-age, underweight models from shows in response to the death of a

Brazilian model from complications due to anorexia. Milan's fashion houses at first resisted calls to follow the Spanish example. Mario Boselli, the head of Italy's

National Fashion Chamber, said in September that only "maybe one girl in a hundred" of the models on

show could be defined as too skinny. But Boselli, whose lobby group represents such big

names as Armani, Versace and Prada, agreed to work with the government on a self-regulatory code of good

practice.

NO MORE SKIN-NY SHOW: Milan has formally barred ultra-skinny and under-age models ahead of its February catwalk shows.

Italy issues new code to stop ultra-skinny models  A model displays an outfit as

part of Versace's Spring/Summer 2007

women's collections during Milan Fashion Week

September 29, 2006. Italy's government and its fashion

chiefs issued a manifesto on Saturday to crack down on

the use of ultra-thin teenagers on the catwalk, requiring

models to show proof of their good health or be barred from

fashion shows. REUTERS/Stefano Rellandini

OlympiaOlympia

The Ancient Olympics:Athletes & Trainers

The Ancient Olympics:Athletes & Trainers

Olympia: Temple to Hera

Olympia: Temple to Hera

The 2004 OlympicsThe 2004 Olympics

SPARTASPARTA

SPARTASPARTA

Helots Messenians enslaved by the Spartans.

Peloponnesian WarsPeloponnesian Wars

Macedonia Under Philip II

Macedonia Under Philip II

Alexander the GreatAlexander the Great

Alexander the Great’s Empire

Alexander the Great’s Empire

Alexander the Great in Persia

Alexander the Great in Persia

The Hellenization of Asia

The Hellenization of Asia

Pergamum: A Hellenistic CityPergamum: A Hellenistic City

CosmopolitCosmopolitanan

CultureCulture

The Economy of the Hellenistic World

The Economy of the Hellenistic World

Library at Alexandria (333 B.C.E.)

Library at Alexandria (333 B.C.E.)

Hellenic vs. Hellenistic Art

Hellenic vs. Hellenistic Art

Hellenistic PhilosophersHellenistic

Philosophers$ Cynics Diogenes ignore social conventions & avoid

luxuries.

citizens of the world.

live a humble, simple life.

$ Epicurians Epicurus avoid pain & seek pleasure.

all excess leads to pain!

politics should be avoided.

Hellenistic PhilosophersHellenistic

Philosophers$ Stoics Zeno nature is the expansion of

divine will.

concept of natural law.

get involved in politics, not for personal gain, but to perform virtuous acts for the good of all.

true happiness is found in great achievements.

Hellenism:The Arts & Sciences

Hellenism:The Arts & Sciences$ Scientists /

Mathematicians: Aristarchus heliocentric

theory.

Euclid geometry.

Archimedes pulley.

Ptolemy geocentric theory.

Ptolemaic View of the Universe

Ptolemaic View of the Universe

Hellenism: The Arts & Sciences

Hellenism: The Arts & Sciences

•Hellenistic Art: - more realistic; less ideal than Hellenic art. - showed individual emotions, wrinkles, and age!

The “Known” World – 3c B.C.E.

The “Known” World – 3c B.C.E.

The Breakup of Alexander’s Empire

The Breakup of Alexander’s Empire

The Incursion of Rome into the

Hellenistic World

The Incursion of Rome into the

Hellenistic World

Hippocrates, the father of medicine Hippocratic Oath -- Classical Version

I swear by Apollo Physician and Asclepius and Hygieia and Panaceia and all the gods and goddesses, making them my witnesses, that I will fulfil according to my ability and judgment this oath and this covenant:

To hold him who has taught me this art as equal to my parents and to live my life in partnership with him, and if he is in need of money to give him a share of mine, and to regard his offspring as equal to my brothers in male lineage and to teach them this art - if they desire to learn it - without fee and covenant; to give a share of precepts and oral instruction and all the other learning to my sons and to the sons of him who has instructed me and to pupils who have signed the covenant and have taken an oath according to the medical law, but no one else.

I will apply dietetic measures for the benefit of the sick according to my ability and judgment; I will keep them from harmand injustice.

I will neither give a deadly drug to anybody who asked for it, nor will I make a suggestion to this effect. Similarly I will not give to a woman an abortive remedy. In purity and holiness I will guard my life and my art.

I will not use the knife, not even on sufferers from stone, but will withdraw in favor of such men as are engaged in this work.

Whatever houses I may visit, I will come for the benefit of the sick, remaining free of all intentional injustice, of all mischief and in particular of sexual relations with both female and male persons, be they free or slaves.

What I may see or hear in the course of the treatment or even outside of the treatment in regard to the life of men, whichon no account one must spread abroad, I will keep to myself, holding such things shameful to be spoken about .

If I fulfil this oath and do not violate it, may it be granted to me to enjoy life and art, being honored with fame among all men for all time to come; if I transgress it and swear falsely, may the opposite of all this be my lot.

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/doctors/oath_modern.html

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/doctors/oath_modern.html