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1
FUTURE CARS
1/5/2011
By:
Jackie Navtani
21/5/2011
Contents
•Introduction•Available Cars•Present Technologies•Problems Generally Faced•Solutions to Problems•Future Car Technologies•Advantages & Disadvantages•Reliability & Feasiblity•References
31/5/2011
INTRODUCTION
What Is Future Car?
Alternative Fuels
Alternative Energy Resources
4
Definitions by Different Manufacturers
A future car is a vehicle that runs on alternative fuels.
Future Car Is simply the Driving Potential Of Different Cars Available now.
Future Cars is the car of the future which will decide the future of future.
Future car will be the cars with new engine technologies and based on alternative fuels.
Future Cars are the cars that will run on alternative fuels and energy resources.
Future Car is a vehicle that will give more output in form of mileage at very less input. Etc.
1/5/2011
What Is Future Car ?
5
Based on Fuel
Based on Cost
Based on SpeedBased on Engine Performance
Based on Availibility of
sources
1/5/2011
CLASSIFICATION OF FUTURE CARS
6
Based on Fuel
•Future Hydrogen Cars
•Future Electric Cars
•Future Hybrid Cars
•Future Nitrogen Cars
Based On Cost
•New Chevrolet Tavera
•New ICML Rhino Winner
•Maruti Gypsy•BMW 1 Series•Aston Martin DB9•Audi R8
Based on Spee
d
•Super Cars
•Smart Cars
•Nitrogen Cars
1/5/2011
7
Based on Engine
Performan
ce
•Audi RSQ•BMW gina•Bugati
Veyron•Dodge•Ferrari
Based on Availibility
of sourc
es
•Electric Cars
•Solar Cars
•Hydrogen Cars
Based on Publi
c Demands
•Future Flying Cars•Prototype Future
Cars •NASCARs•Smart Cars•Super Cars
1/5/2011
8
The Worlds Top 10 Car Manufacturers:: 1. Toyota (Japan) 2. General Motors (USA) 3. Volkswagen group (Germany) 4. Ford (USA) 5. Honda (Japan) 6. PSA Peugeot Citroen (France) 7. Hyundai-Kia (South Korea) 8. Nissan (Japan) 9. Renault-Dacia-Samsung (France) 10. DaimlerChrysler (Germany)
1/5/2011
Available Cars & Technologies
9
Alternative fuels" are fuels that are not made from petroleum.
The types of alternative energy resources: Alcohols - ethanol and methanol. Compressed natural gas (CNG) Electricity - stored in batteries. Liquefied natural gas (LNG) Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) Liquids made from coal Biodiesel –made from plant oil or animal fat.
1/5/2011
Alternative Fuels
10
Old Technologies More Fuel Consumption High Cost Low Efficiency Ignition Problems Excessive Noise Economical Problems Less Working Life Less Overall Output
1/5/2011
Problems Generally Faced
11
Right now many automakers are gearing up for offering vehicles that are able to run on ethanol or other biofuels (such as biodiesel), which is the path of least resistance for the near future.
But, what about longer term? In the longer term, future car technology will most likely involve cars that run on
hydrogen Electricity Air nitrogen nuclear power.
1/5/2011
Technology
12
Electric cars also offer an option in regard to future car technology.
Companies like Tesla, Zap and Phoenix Motorcars are making headway in developing these vehicles for the marketplace.
Two other parts of advanced car technology to note are the FUTURE FLYING CARS that will be taking flight over the next two or three years and SMART CARS that will also be seeing the highways and byways sometime in the future as well.
1/5/2011
Alternatives
13
Hydrogen, electricity, air and nitrogen cars all have had working prototypes built. In fact, in regard to electric vehicles, production models have also been built.
But, the range of electric cars and their recharging rate have always been their downfall.
According to the experts, hydrogen-powered cars will be the next BIG change in our mode of transport.
Even cars will also run using nuclear power.
1/5/2011
What Is The Best Option ?
14
Hydrogen Extraction The most common sources are:Water Natural gas :: methane (via coal gasification); Bio-mass ::vegetation such as wood chips and
agricultural waste. Hydrogen cars at this writing can run from
either internal combustion engines or fuel cells. Some of the current models of hydrogen cars
like the GM Sequel have a proven driving range of over 300 miles in real world conditions.
. The BMW Hydrogen 7 has rolled out as a lease vehicle and is a dual fuel vehicle that can run off either liquid hydrogen or gasoline.
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151/5/2011
FUTURE TECHNOLOGIES
Availibility And Feasibility
Advantages & Disadvantages
Comparison & Selection
16
Future hydrogen cars will combine technologies with hybrid electric cars or flex fuel vehicles to give consumers more choices and to offer alternatives for infrastructure issues.
The biggest problem is the building of the supporting hydrogen infrastructure.
Building facilities to create hydrogen, transport it and dispense it from a fueling station on every corner as is done with gasoline now, will take billions of dollar in capital investment.
To solve this, dual fuel vehicles that can run off either hydrogen or gasoline with the flip of a switch will be used.
1/5/2011
Future Hydrogen Cars
17
Newer Technologies Less Fuel Consumption Less Cost High Efficiency Simple Ignition Very less Noise Economical Design Longer Working Life High Overall Output
1/5/2011
Advantages
18
Long time process of extracting fuels
Hazardous condotions
Toxicity value is high
Difficulty in storage
Higher Cost
1/5/2011
Disadvantages
19
Future engines in cars will be unlike anything we have today.
In the near future car alternative car engines will start to pop up all over the place.
One example is the MYT Engine which won awards from NASA for its engineering prowess.
The MYT engine is an internal combustion engine that can run on many different kinds of fuels and is 1/10 the size of a big rig diesel engine.
Pneumatic engines have been in the research labs for a while. These too will come of age.
1/5/2011
Future Car Engines
201/5/2011
Plasma Engine
Future I.C. Engine
Within the next 30 years these hot plasma engines will be perfected for space travel, downsized, commercialized and used in future cars. Radio waves and electromagnetic fields will be used to create future plasma propulsion thruster engines in cars.
211/5/2011
Wave Number And Intensity temperature Analysis.
22
For the next 20 - 30 years more iterations of future plug-in hybrids will continue to have a stronghold on the marketplace as the combination of plug-in batteries coupled with fuel
cell or some other future engine will become the norm.
1/5/2011
FUTURE CAR PROPULSION
231/5/2011
Breakdown of fuel prices into fuel costs and taxes
241/5/2011
Vehicle characteristics Components Weight (kg)
Engine power (kW)Auxiliaries power use (kW)Torque (N m in 1st gear, Approximately)Coefficient of rolling resistance
Coefficient of dragSurface area (m2)
Fuel consumption (MJ km−1)
Approximate range (km)
Maintenance cost (D km−1)
74
0.3
520
0.01
0.32
2.10
1.77
550
0.043
Vehicle platform
Diesel engineBasic starter and alternatorGearbox3-Way catalyst
Euro IV after-treatment
Diesel particulate filter
Fuel tankDiesel 90% full tank
Totals
1016 145
0 50 0 0 0 15
23
1248
251/5/2011
Societal lifecycle costs for alternative fuel/engine options for cars—base case analysis.
26
Potential future car technologies include new energy sources and materials, which are being developed in order to make automobiles more sustainable, safer, more energy efficient, or less polluting. Cars are being developed in many different ways.With rising gas prices, the future of cars is leaning towards fuel efficiency, energy-savers, hybrid vehicles, battery electric vehicles and fuel-cell vehicles.
1/5/2011
Future Of Future Cars
271/5/2011
28
Regenerative braking technology saves and stores energy for future use or as back up power.
When conventional brakes are used, 30% of the energy is lost in the form of heat (Raunekk, 2009).
Regenerative braking uses this energy to recharge the batteries in a hybrid vehicle.
Example: BMW's Turbosteamer concept uses energy from the
exhaust gases of the traditional Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) to power a steam engine which also contributes power to the automobile (Hanlon, 2005).
This can increase energy efficiency by up to 15%. . The Volkswagen 1-litre car and Aptera 2 Series are
examples of ultra-low-drag vehicles.
1/5/2011
Example : Future Car(Case Study)
291/5/2011
Upcoming Future Cars
301/5/2011
Check out these hot cars!
311/5/2011
32
Future Car Technologies, Eds. A. Sahwn, Richelle and ,Tata McGrawhill Publications,Mumbai, 2008, pp. 233-262.
D.B. Spalding, Fourth Symposium (International) Combustion, The Combustion Institute, Pittsburgh
S.R. Turns, An Introduction to Combustion Concepts and Applications, 2nd ed., McGraw-Hill, 2000.
http://www.future-car.net http://www.4wheeldrive.about.com http://www.futurecars.com http://www.superfuturecars.com http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Future_car_technologies http://www.motortrend.com/future/index.html
1/5/2011
References
331/5/2011
THANK
YOU