Final File 3-42 NEW 26-7-2020 - MAA · OrdZ {ejU / Owb¡ 2020 5 Runa raphis / Comp1/E / Jeean Shikshan 2020 /July/Open ile / 1) Inner Pages / Proof -IV/26-07-2020 Amnë`m {à` _mV¥^y_r{df`r,

$Page 1: Final File 3-42 NEW 26-7-2020 - MAA · OrdZ {ejU / Owb¡ 2020 5 Runa raphis / Comp1/E / Jeean Shikshan 2020 /July/Open ile / 1) Inner Pages / Proof -IV/26-07-2020 Amnë`m {à` _mV¥^y_r{df`r,$


OrdZ {ejU / Owb¡ 2020 3

Runa Graphics / Comp1/E / Jeevan Shikshan 2020 /July/Open File / 1) Inner Pages / Proof -IV/26-07-2020

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àH$meH :

g§MmbH$, amÁ¶ e¡j{UH$ g§emoYZ d à{ejU n[afX, ‘hmamîQ´>, nwUo.

àH$meZ gëbmJma g{‘Vr :

{XZH$a nmQ>rb

g§MmbH$ VWm g§nmXH AÜ¶j

{dH$mg JaS>, à. àmMm¶© gXñ¶

S>m°. H$‘bmXodr AmdQ>o, àmMm¶©, gXñ¶

{Oëhm {ejU d à{ejU g§ñWm, nwUo.

lr‘. ApídZr ‘wgio-H$mign}

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{Z{‘©Vr ghm¶H$ : S>m°. {H$aU Ym§S>o

d[aîR> A{Yì¶m»¶mVm, àgma ‘mÜ¶‘ gXñ¶-g{Md

‘wIn¥îR> d A§Va§J gOmdQ> :

ZyVZ jragmJa, Am{Q>©ñQ> H$‘ Q>op³Z{e¶Z

‘wÐH$ : éZm J«m{’$³g, qghJS> amoS>, nwUo 41.

àVr : -

‘yë¶ : é. 30/- dm{f©H$ dJ©Ur é. 300/-

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Jwénm¡{U©‘m ‘rZm Hw$iH$Uu H$ma§OoH$a 11

Am°ZbmB©Z {ejU Am{U C‘oe Imogo 14

Am°ZbmB©Z {ZH$mb

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~wX²{Y‘ËVm ^md S>m°. g§{JVm ‘hmOZ 26

B§J«Or {df¶mÀ¶m {ejH$m§gmR>r S>m°. gw^mf H$m§~io 28

Multilingualism in English Harsha Chavan 30

BÀN>me³Vr VoWo ‘mJ© ‘§Joe Xoenm§S>o> 33

...Am{U ‘wbo ào[aV Pmbr ‘YwH$a ¶ogUo 36

H${dVm aMy ¶m, H${dVoVyZ bú‘U ZéQ>o 38

{eHy$ ¶m!

{eî¶d¥ËVrMm gmoZmir n°Q>Z© ‘méVr XodoH$a 39

{à¶ g§nmXH$ - 42

df© 64 Owb¡ 2020 A§H$ 4 Wm

nÌì¶dhmamMm nËVm : g§nmXH$, OrdZ {ejU,amÁ¶ e¡j{UH$ g§emoYZ d à{ejU n[afX, ‘hmamîQ´>708, gXm{ed noR>, Hw$‘R>oH$a ‘mJ©, nwUo 411030.

XÿaÜdZr : 020-24488382 \°$Šg Z§. : 020-24477090. B©-‘ob : [email protected]

OrdZ {ejU / Owb¡ 20204


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nm¡{U©‘mhr emioV gmOar Ho$br Om¶Mr.

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amhÊ¶mMr. ‘wbm§n¶ªV {ejU nmohmoMdy ¶m AZ² {ejUmMr à{H«$¶m AI§{S>V R>ody ¶m.

{XZH$a nmQ>rbg§nmXH$, OrdZ {ejU



Amnë`m {à` _mV¥^y_r{df`r, ^maVm{df`r OmUyZ ¿`m`Mo Agob Va ^maVr` _ZrftMm Aä`mg Ho$ë`m{edm` n`m©` Zmhr. ¶oWrb F$fr_wZr, _hfu Am{U gmYwg§Vm§Zr OrdZmÀ`m gd© joÌm§{df`r AJXr ~maH$mB©Zo qMVZ Ho$bo Amho. àmMrZ maVr` kmZ {dkmZmMm dmagm OnV AgVmZmM ^maV ^«_U H$arV AgVmZm Ho$bobo gyú_ {ZarjU Ë`m§Zm Cn`moJr R>abo. m loUr_Üò Ho$di 39 dfmªMo Am`wî` bm^bobo ñdm_r {ddoH$mZ§X _hËËdmMo R>aVmV, Vo Ë`m§Zr _m§S>boë`m {ejU{df`H$ {dMmam§_wio. AmO EH${dgmì`m eVH$mV AmnU Zdr nX²YV åhUyZ Á`m kmZaMZmdmXmMr à{ejUo Am`mo{OV H$arV AmhmoV, Ë`mMr _yi g§H$ënZm {ddoH$mZ§Xm§Zr Ho$boë`m {ejUmÀ`m ì`m»òVM {XgyZ òVo.

"{ejU åhUOo _Zwî`mÀ`m {R>H$mUr Oo nyU©Ëd AmYrM {dXç‘mZ Amho, Ë`mMo àH$Q>rH$aU' hmo¶. `m {ddoH$mZ§Xm§Zr Ho$boë`m ì`m» oMm AmYw{ZH$ AW© kmZaMZmdmX Zmhr Va Xþgao H$m` Amho? Vo Zoh‘r åhUV AgV, "kmZ _mUgmV A§V{Z©{hV AgVo. H$moUVoM

kmZ ~mhoê$Z oV Zmhr. _mUgmbm kmZ hmoVo åhUOo AkmZmMm nS>Xm VodT>m ~mOybm gaVmo. Vmo ~mOybm gamdm `mgmR>r AmnU Ë`mÀ`m {dH$mgmÀ`m _mJm©darb AS>Wio Xÿa H$ê$ eH$Vmo.' bIbIUmao kmZ ho AmVM AgVo. Ë`mgmR>r Vo Ý yQ>ZZo bmdboë`m JwéËdmH$f©UmÀ`m emoYmMo CXmhaU XoVmV. JwéËdmH$f©UmMm {Z`_ H$m` EImXçm H$monè`mV Ý yQ>ZMr dmQ> nmhV ~gbm hmoVm H$m? Vmo hmoVm Ë`mÀ`m _ZmVM. `mo½` doir Ë`mMr Ë`mbm OmUrd Pmbr EdT>oM. PmS>mdê$Z nS>Umè`m \$imMo {Z{_ËV KS>bo Am{U Ý yQ>ZZo Amnë`m _ZmMm emoY KoVbm. _ZmV AmYrnmgyZM Agboë`m {dMma _m{bH$m§Mr Ë`mZo ’$³V \o$a_m§S>Ur Ho$br.

dQ>d¥jmMo CXmhaU XoVmZm Vo åhUVmV, {demb dQ>d¥j amB©À`m AJXr EH$ AîQ>_m§e H$UmEdT>çmhr ZgUmè`m AË`§V bhmZ ~rOmV gm‘mdbobm AgVmo. Ë`m_wio ~rO Ho$dT>o Vo _hËËdmMo Zmhr, Ë`mÀ`mV ñdm^m{dH$nUo AgUmar àM§S> j_Vm _hËËdmMr. EImXçm amonQ>çmbm Ogo AmnU dmT> åhQ>bo åhUyZ Vo dmT>V Zmhr, Vo ñdm^m{dH$ dmT>rZo dmT>Vo VgoM _yb XoIrb ñdV:M {eH$V AgVo. {ejH$, nmbH$ ho Ë`mÀ`m dmT>rg _XV VodT>r H$ê$ eH$VmV. Ë`m§Mo EH$ à{gX²Y dmŠ` Amho. _wbm§H$Sy>Z AdmñVd Anojm H$arV Ë`m§Mo ~mbnUM {hamdyZ KoUmè`m nmbH$m§Zr Va Vo Ajae: gVV S>moiçm§nwT>o R>odbo nm{hOo. {ddoH$mZ§X åhUVmV, "OJmV H$Yrhr H$moUr H$moUmbm {eH${dbo Zmhr. àËòH$mbm ñdV:M ñdV:Mm Jwê$ ìhmdo bmJVo. _wbm§À`m ~m~VrVhr VoM. AmnU {eH$drV AmhmoV `m H$ënZoZo {ejH$ gmao H$mhr {~KS>dyZ Q>mH$Vmo. ~rOmbm Á`mà_mUo Vwåhr

{eî`mV AgUmè`m ~m¡X²{YH$ qH$dm BVa e³VtZm MmbZm XoUo EdT>oM {ejH$mMo H$m_ ZgyZ Ë`mMo Iao H$m © Amho {eî`mV "H$mhr Var' g§H«${_V H$aUo. àË`j Am{U à^mdmÀ`m ê$nmZo Jwê$Mr e³Vr {eî`mV g§H«${_V hmoV AgVo. {ejH$mZo n¡gm qH$dm Zmdb¡{H$H$ `m§gma»`m AÝ` ñdmWu hoVyZo {eH${dVm H$m_m Z o. Ë`mÀ`m H$m`m©Mr àoaUm gmè`m _mZd OmVr~X²Xb gmpËËdH$ AmnwbH$s hrM Agbr nm{hOo. ñdm‘r {ddoH$mZ§Xm§À¶m ñ‘¥{V{XZmÀ¶m {Z{‘ËVmZo Ë¶m§À¶m {ejU {dMmam§[df¶r...

ñdm‘r {ddoH$mZ§Xm§Mo {ejU {dMma {ddoH$ H$dR>oH$a

^«‘UÜdZr … 9423133930

1 Owb¡ : ‘hmamîQ´ amÁ¶ ‘mJ© n[adhZ ‘hm‘§S>imMr ñWmnZm (1961)>



_mVr, nmUr, hdm, Hw§$nU Aer A§Hw$aÊ`mbm AZwHy$b n[apñWVr CnbãY H$ê$Z XoVm, VodT>oM _wbm§À`m {dH$gZmÀ`m ~m~VrVhr Ho$bo nm{hOo.'

H$moamoZm _hm_margmo~V bT>Ê`mÀ`m m H$mimV AZoH$ JmoîQ>r Zì`mZo Amnë`m gdmªÀ`mM bjmV Amë`m. _wbm§Zm AmnU g§ñH¥$Vr Am{U àWm§À`m ZmdmImbr, "nm` YwdyZM AmV `m, OodUmAmYr hmV Ywdm, BVa H$moUmMohr H$nS>o qH$dm AÝ` dñVy dmnê$ ZH$m' Aem Á`m gd`r bmdVmo Ë`m Amamo½`Xm`r Am{U Amdí`H$ AgVmV. nmë`mÀ`m AJXr IZnQ>rbm ~gyZ "ho {eH$, Vo {eH$' Agm VJmXm bmdV {Xdgâ Šbmgogbm Ow§nUmè`m§Zm Amnbm AQ²>Q>mhmg {H$Vr {ZaW©H$ hmoVm hohr bjmV Ambo Agob. Ago Agbo Var Am°ZbmB©Z, Am°\$bmB©Z H$go H$m hmoB©Zm, nU Ë`mbm {eH$dm åhUyZ AmJ«h YaUmè`m§Zmhr {ejU åhUOo Zo_Ho$ H$m` Vo H$iboboo ZgVo. {ddoH$mZ§X åhUV, "{ejU åhUOo OÝ_mV H$Yr nMZr Z nS>Umao, S>moŠ`mV {Za§Va YwS>Jyg KmbUmao Am{U Amnë`m _|XÿV R>mgyZ H$m|~bobo _m{hVrMo |S>moio Zìho. Amnë`mbm Amdí`H$Vm Amho Vr OrdZ gwg§K{Q>V H$aUmè`m, "‘mUyg' KS>{dUmè`m {dMmam§Mr. Amnë`mbm AmO Aem {ejUmMr JaO Amho H$s Á`mZo erb ~ZVo, _mZ{gH$ e³Vr dmT>Vo, ~wX²Yr Mm¡\o$a d {demb hmoVo Am{U Á`m`moJo _Zwî` Amnë`m nm`mda C^m amhÿ eH$Vmo.'

{ejUmZo Ho$di EImXm `wdH$ ñdV:À`m nm`mda C^m amhV ZgVmo, Va m wdm {nT>rÀ`m ~imda A»Im Xoe AmË_{Z^©aVoMr ñdßZ§ ~KV AgVmo. `m XoemVyZ B§J«Om§À¶m H$mimV H$ÀMm _mb ~mhoa Jobm. Z§VaÀ`m H$mimV ~wX²{Y_mZ VéU Am{U AbrH$S>o ~mOmanoR>m§Vrb naH$s` dñVy§À`m ‘mÜ`‘m§VyZ XoemVrb n¡gm Xoem~mhoa Jobm. Aem doir ^maVr` VéUm§Zr ñdV:À`m nm`mda Xoe C^m H$aÊ`mMr JaO Amho. Vo àË`jmV AmUm`bm nwÝhm EH$Xm {ddoH$mZ§Xm§À¶m {dMmam§H$S>o dimdo bmJob H$maU `m AmË_Jm¡ad àmßV H$ê$Z XoUmè`m {dMmam§Mohr ~rO {ddoH$mZ§Xm§À`m {ejU{df`H$ g§H$ënZoVM {XgVo.

{ddoH$mZ§X åhUV, ""naŠ`m mfoV Xþgè`m§Mo {dMma aoQy>Z, Vo S>moŠ`mV H$go Var H$m|~yZ Am{U Ë`m§À`m ~imda {dXçmnrR>mÀ`m Mma-XmoZ nXì`m {_idyZ Vwåhr ñdV:bm gw{e{jV g_OVm. ho H$m` {ejU Amho? m gmè`m§nmgyZ Vwåhm§bm qH$dm Xoembm H$m` bm^? Amnë`mM kmZmÀ`m {d{^ÝZ emIm§À`m AÜ``ZmMr AmO JaO Amho Ë`mM~amo~a AmYw{ZH$ kmZ-{dkmZmMr, Á`mX²dmao CXçmoJY§Xçm§Mr dmT> hmoB©b Am{U _mUyg ZmoH$arÀ`m _mJo Z bmJVm Amnbr CnOr{dH$m H$ê$ eHo$b, Ago {ejU AmË_gmV Ho$bo nm{hOo.

{ejUmMr nX²YV : {ddoH$mZ§Xm§Zr kmZgmYZoMr EH$‘od nX²YV åhUyZ EH$mJ«VoMm CëboI Ho$bm Amho. CÀMV_ `mo½`mnmgyZ gm‘mÝ` _mUgmn ªV gdmªZm kmZàmßVrgmR>r `m EH$mM nX²YVrMm Adb§~ H$am`bm hdm. à`moJemioV _ybÐì`m§da _ZmÀ`m e³Vr H|${ÐV H$aUmam agm`Zemók Agmo qH$dm J«hJmobm§Mm doY KoUmam IJmobemók, AJXr na_oídamMr nyOm Agmo dm J¥{hUrMm ñd §nmH$, EH$mJ«VoZo Ho$bo OmUmao àË oH$ H$m © CËV_ Am{U eñdr R>aV AgVo.

EH$mJ«VoBVHo$M Vo lX²Yobm _hËËd XoVmV. "lX²Y`m b^Vo kmZ‘²' `m C³Vrà_mUo kmZàmßVrgmR>r lX²Ym Amdí`H$ Amho. {dXçmÏ`mªMr {ejH$m§da Am{U {ejH$m§Mr {dXçmÏ`mªda lX²Ym Zgob Va {ejU hmoUma Zmhr. "AmnU H$moUrM Zmhr' Agm Ý`yZJ§S> ~miJUmè`m§H$S>yZ IamoIaM H$mhr hmoUma Zmhr. _r gd© H$mhr H$ê$ eH$Vmo hm AmË‘{dídmg _wbm§‘Ü¶o {Z‘m©U Pmbm nm{hOo. JJZmbm JdgUr KmbÊ`mMr j_Vm VwÂ`mVM Amho, ho ñ\w$pëb§J ‘wbm§À¶m ‘ZmV MoV{dUmao {ejH$ {ddoH$mZ§Xm§Zm Ano{jV AmhoV.

àmMrZ ^maVr` à_mU {dMmam§_Üò "AZw^d à_mU' ho gd©loîR> d {dídgZr` à_mU _mZbo Amho. VËËd{gX²YrgmR>r AZw^d à_mUmMm AmYma ¿`mdm bmJVmo. `m Ý`m`mZo {ddoH$mZ§Xm§Zr àË`j AZw^dmbm àmYmÝ` {Xbo Amho. AZw^dmX²dmao {ejU hoM à^mdr {ejU hmo` Ago Vo _mZVmV. {ejUmMo CX²{XîQ> Oa

1 Owb¡ : dg§Vamd ZmB©H$ ¶m§Mm OÝ‘{XZ (1913)>



dV©Z-n[adV©Z Agob, Va Ë`mgmR>r AZw^d ¿`mdm d Xçmdm bmJVmo AerM Ë`m§Mr YmaUm hmoVr. nXmWmªMr {MÌo XmIdyZ EImXçmMr ^yH$ e_Uma Zmhr VerM Xoe ~KÊ`mMr BÀN>m ZH$mem ~KyZ nyU© hmoUma Zmhr qH$dm {H$ËòH$ nwñVHo$ nT>dyZ eë`{M{H$ËgH$ hmoVm ¶oUma Zmhr åhUyZ AZw^d hmM gdmªV _moR>m {ejH$ hmo`. {ZgJm©er gVV g»`g§~§Y R>odë`mZoM Iao {ejU {_iVo ho Ë`m§Mo CX²Jma JwéXod adtÐZmW Q>mJmoa ¶m§À¶mgma»`m {ZgJ©dmXçmer {_iVo OwiVo AmhoV.

ì`p³V_ËËd {dH$mg : {ejUmMm hoVy _mUgmMo ì`p³V_ËËd KS>{dUo hmM Agm`bm nm{hOo, nU Ë`mEodOr AmnU ~mhoaÀ`m ~mOybmM a§Ja§JmoQ>r H$aÊ`mV JT>yZ Jobmo AmhmoV. Amnë`m ‘hmnwéfm§H$S>o nm{hbo Va Ë`m§Mo ì`p³V_ËËdM Ë`m§À`m à^mdmMo _w»` H$maU Agë`mMo bjmV òVo. Ë`m§À`mn¡H$s H$Xm{MV Hw$UmMo CÀMma ì`mH$aUewX²Y ZgVrbhr, _hmË_m Jm§YtMo hñVmja \$mago Mm§Jbo ZìhVo Ago Vo ñdV:M H$~yb H$arV, na§Vw OZgm‘mÝ`m§darb à^md... Vmo Va AmOhr H$m`_ Amho. ho ì`p³V_ËËd Zo_Ho$ H$emZo {dH${gV hmoVo? {ddoH$mZ§X åhUV, ""`moJemñÌmÀ`m {Z`_m§Mm Am{U nX²YVtMm bjnyd©H$ Aä`mg H$ê$Z H$moUrhr Amnë`m ì`p³V_ËËdmMm {dH$mg H$ê$ eH$Vmo d Vo à^mdr H$ê$ eH$Vmo. Jar~, lr_§V, ì`mnmar, Ym{_©H$ Aem àËòH$ _mUgmÀ`m OrdZmV à^mdr ì`p³V_ËËdmMo AZÝ`gmYmaU ñWmZ Amho.

_mZdmbm nyU©ËdmMr àmßVr H$ê$Z XoUo hm `m emñÌmMm Cn`moJ Amho. `mgmR>r wJoZ wJo dmQ> nmhV ~gÊ`mMr Amdí`H$Vm Zmhr. _hmgmJamVrb bmQ>m§~amo~a BH$S>o{VH$S>o dmhV OmUmè`m EImXçm bmH$S>mÀ`m Am|S>Š`mà_mUo àH¥$VrÀ`m hmVmVrb IoiUo ~ZÊ`mnojm AmnU ep³Vg§nÝZ ìhmdo, Amnë`m {dH$mgmMo H$m © Amnë`m ñdV:À`m hmVr ¿`mdo, Vo {ZgJm©da gmondy Z o. AIoa `m _`m©{XV OrdZmÀ`m nbrH$S>o Omdo hr `m emñÌmMr Anojm Amho, hoM `m emñÌmMo CXmËV Ü o Amho, Ago Vo åhUV.

Jwê$-{eî` g§~§Y : JwéHw$b nX²YVrnmgyZ gwê$ Pmboë`m Jwê$-{eî` `m g§~§YmZo {S>{OQ>b emioMm Q>ßnm JmR>VmZm H$mimZwê$n Amnbo Am`m_ ~Xbbo AmhoV. V§ÌkmZmÀ`m `m {dH$mg H$mimV W«r Or, \$moa Or, \$mB©ìh Or Ambo na§Vw "JwéOr'Mo _hËËd _mÌ A~m{YV am{hbo Amho. AmO H$moamoZm _hm_marÀ¶m H$mimV àË`j emim gwê$ Pmbooë`m ZmhrV. Voìhm n`m© åhUyZ H$mhr emim§Zr Am°ZbmB©Z {ejU gwê$ Ho$bo Amho. Ë`mbm {_iUmam à{VgmX Am{U EH§$XarV AZw d ~KVm {ejH$ d {dXçmWu `m§À`mV hmoUmar àË`j Am§Va{H«$`m hrM {ejUmgmR>r gdm}ËV_ hmo , Agm gmd©{ÌH$ {dMma {XgyZ oVmo. {ddoH$mZ§X åhUV, "JwéJ¥hdmg hr _mPr {ejUmMr H$ënZm Amho. {ejH$ Mm[aÍ`dmZ Agë`mIoarO H$moUË`mhr àH$maMo {ejU hmoUo eŠ` Zmhr. Á`mMo Mm[aÍ` Ádb§V A½Zrà_mUo Amho, Aem§nmerM bhmZnUmnmgyZ ahmdo. Amnë`m XoemV kmZXmZmMo H$m`© Ë`mJr bmoH$m§X²dmamM hmoV Ambo Amho. kmZXmZmMm hm ^ma Aem Ë`mJr bmoH$m§ZrM nwÝhm EH$dma Amnë`m {eamda ¿`md`mg hdm. kmZ ho BVHo$ n{dÌ Amho H$s, Ë`mMm {dH«$` gd©Wm A`mo½` hmo`.'

kmZ XoUmè`mbm Jwê$ åhUm qH$dm {ejH$, Ë`mÀ`m A§Jr XmV¥Ëd AgUo JaOoMo Amho. Ë`mbm emñÌm§Mo __© AdJV Agmdo. OJ Oa doX, Hw$amU qH$dm ~m`~b dmMV Agob Va Vo Ho$di H$moaS>o eãXdmMZ R>aVm H$m_m Z o. dmŠàMZm, ì wËnËVremñÌ `m§Mm ewîH$ H$mÏ`mHy$Q> H$aÊ`mV, eãXm§MmM H$sg nmS>Ê`mV {ejH$ YÝ`Vm _mZV AgVrb Va Vo Am{U Ë`m§Mo {dXçmWu Iè`m ‘_m©n ªV nmohmoMy eH$Uma ZmhrV. {ddoH$mZ§X åhUV, "Jwê$ AË §V n{dÌ Agob VaM Ë`mÀ`m eãXmbm _mob AgVo. {eî`mV AgUmè`m ~m¡X²{YH$ qH$dm BVa e³VtZm MmbZm XoUo EdT>oM {ejH$mMo H$m_ ZgyZ Ë`mMo Iao H$m © Amho {eî`mV "H$mhr Var' g§H«${_V H$aUo.' àË`j Am{U à^mdmÀ`m ê$nmZo Jwê$Mr e³Vr {eî`mV g§H«${_V hmoV AgVo. {Vgar ~m~ hoVyg§~§Yr Amho. {ejH$mZo n¡gm qH$dm

(n¥îR> H«$. 10 da)

1 Owb¡ : ‘hmamîQ´> H¥${f{XZ



ñdamÁ¶mMo CX²JmVo, amîQ>r¶ËdmMo ÐîQ>o, JrVoMo mî¶H$ma, J{UVmMo Aä¶mgH$, {ZîH$m‘ H$‘©¶moJr Aem AZoH$ JwUXe©H$ CnmYr Á¶m§À¶m Zmdm‘mJo OmoS>ë¶m OmVmV Ë¶m bmoH$‘mÝ¶ {Q>iH$m§À¶m ñ‘¥{VeVmãXr dfm©Mr gm§JVm EH$ Am°JñQ> amoOr hmoV Amho. Ë¶m§À¶m {Zdm©Umbm e§ a df} Pmbr, Varhr Ë¶m§À¶m XoeH$m¶m©Mr, ~wX²Yr MmVw¶m©Mr, g§KQ>Z H$m¡eë¶mMr Am{U Ë¶m§À¶m {dMmam§Mr bmoH$m§À¶m ‘Zmda Agbobr ‘mo{hZr H$‘r Pmbobr Zmhr. ‘hmË‘m Jm§YtZr Ë¶m§Zm "AmYw{ZH$ ^maVmMo {eënH$ma' åhUyZ Jm¡a{dbo hmoVo. {Q>iH$m§Zr ‘m§S>bobo gd©M {dMma H$mbmVrV AmhoV. Ë¶m§À¶m {dMmam§Zm dmñVdVm Am{U AmYw{ZH$VoMr OmoS> Amho. ñdamÁ¶, ñdXoer, ~{hîH$ma Am{U amîQ>r¶ {ejU hr bmoH$‘mÝ¶m§Zr gm§{JVbobr MVw:gyÌr Am{U {dMma hm AmYw{ZH$ ^maVmMm nm¶m Amho Ago åhQ>bo Va A{Ve¶mo³Vr hmoUma Zmhr.

amîQ>r¶ {ejUmMr AË¶§V gmYr, gmonr ì¶m»¶m bmoH$‘mÝ¶ {Q>iH$ H$aVmV, Vo åhUVmV ""XoemVrb gaH$ma Amnë¶m àOobm Oo {ejU XoVo qH$dm XoD$ BpÀN>Vo Vo amîQ>r¶M AgVo. XoemVrb VéU {nT>r XoemMo amOH$s¶, Am¡Xçmo{JH$ Am{U gm‘m{OH$ d¡ d amIÊ¶mg qH$dm dmT>{dÊ¶mg g‘W© hmoB©b, Aem àH$maMo {ejU Ë¶mg XoUo ho XoemVrb {dXçm ImË¶mMo H$V©ì¶ hmo¶ Am{U Ë¶mbmM amîQ>r¶ {ejU åhUVmV.''

hëbrMm H$mi ñnY}Mm Amho. Amnë¶m eoOmaMo Xoe H$moUË¶m ~m~VrV nwT>o AmhoV qH$dm H$moUË¶m ~m~VrV Amnë¶m amîQ>mMo ‘hËËd H$‘r H$aÊ¶mV Jw§Vbo AmhoV ¶mMm àË¶oH$ {dXçm ImË¶mZo {dMma Ho$bm nm{hOo. Ë¶mZwgma Amnë¶m XoemVrb {ejUH«$‘mV gwYmaUm Ho$ë¶m nm{hOoV. {ejU åhUOo ZwgVo {b{hUo, dmMUo Zìho. VodT>çmZo mJV Zmhr. Amnë¶m XoemV H$moUVo CXçmoJ hmoÊ¶mgmaIo AmhoV Ë¶mMo {ejU, kmZ XoUo Am{U OZVoÀ¶m nmoQ>mnmÊ¶mMr VaVyX H$aUo ho àË¶oH$ gaH$maMo H$V©ì¶ AgVo. B§J«O gaH$mabm ^maVmVrb bmoH$ ‘moR>o B§{O{ZAa, dH$sb, S>m°ŠQ>a ìhmdoV Ago dmQ>V ZìhVo. {dbm¶Vo‘YyZ ¶oUmè¶m A{YH$mè¶m§À¶m hmVmImbr H$m‘ H$aUmao bmoH$ Ë¶m§Zm hdo hmoVo, Ago bmoH$‘mÝ¶m§Mo ‘V hmoVo.

amîQ´>r¶ {ejUmVyZ bmoH$‘mÝ¶m§Zm {dXçmÏ¶mª‘Ü¶o ñdm{^‘mZ, ñd^mfm, ñdmdb§~Z ¶m§Mo ‘hËËd {Z‘m©U H$amd¶mMo hmoVo.

"qhXþñWmZmVrb {ejUmMr Xem' ¶m AJ«boImV bmoH$‘mÝ¶ {Q>iH$ åhUVmV ""XoemVrb {ejU dmñV{dH$ XoemVrb bmoH$m§Mr CÝZVr hmoÊ¶mgmR>r Amho, OoUoH$ê$Z XoemVrb bmoH$m§Mo CXçmoJY§Xçm§Mo kmZ dmTy>Z Ë¶m§À¶m {Zdm©hmMr Ë¶mX²dmao gmo¶ hmoB©b, Ë¶mVyZ ZrVr d Xoem{^‘mZ dmT>ob. ñdV§Ì arVrZo, B «VrZo {Xdg H$mT>Vm ¶oVrb Am{U amOH$s¶ d gm‘m{OH$ ~m~VrV {hVH$maH$ H$ënZm§Mm àgma hmoB©b. bmoH$m§Zm Amnbr pñWVr gwYmaÊ¶mg qH$dm gwIH$maH$ H$aÊ¶mg ‘mJ© gmnS>ob. Aem àH$maMo {ejU XoemVrb gd© bmoH$m§Zm {‘iUo Oê$arMo Amho. {ejUmMm Xþgam ‘moR>m Cn¶moJ åhUOo; ñdY‘©, ñdXoe ¶m~X²Xb {ejUmZo EH$ àH$maMr AmñWm d H$iH$i bmoH$m§À¶m ‘ZmV {Z‘m©U Pmbr nm{hOo.

Wmoa ì¶³VtMr ÑîQ>r H$mimÀ¶m nbrH$S>Mo nmhV AgVo, åhUyZM Ë¶m§Mo {dMma AmOhr Aä¶mgÊ¶mOmoJo AgVmV. EImXo YmoaU am~{dVmZm Ë¶m§Mo g§X^© Cn¶moJr nS>VmV. bmoH$‘mÝ¶ {Q>iH$m§À¶m O¶§Vr {Z{‘ËVmZo Ë¶m§À¶m e¡j[UH {dMmam§Mm KoVbobm hm ‘mJmodm.

ÐîQ>o bmoH$‘mÝ¶am‘Xmg ZohÿbH$a

ghg§nmXH$, Ho$gar

2 Owb¡ : H$ën³H$‘, V{‘iZmSy> ¶oWo AUwD$Om© H|$ÐmMr ñWmnZm (1983)



amîQ>mVrb nwéf, pñÌ¶m, ‘wbo A{YH$m{YH$ kmZg§nÝZ hmoD$Z amOH$s¶, gm‘m{OH$, Ym{‘©H$, Am¡Xçmo{JH$ ÑîQ>çm amîQ>mMr EH$OwQ>rZo CÝZVr H$aÊ¶mg àd¥ËV hmoVrb Vo Iao {ejU hmo¶.'' (AJ«boI Am°ŠQ>mo~a 1881)

bmoH$‘mÝ¶m§Zr kmZ qH$dm ehmUnUmMm ‘{h‘m doimodoir ñnîQ> Ho$bm Amho. Vo åhUVmV, ""ehmUnUmÀ¶m ‘mJo gd© JmoîQ>r ¶oVmV. bmoH$ ehmUo hmoD$ bmJbo d Ë¶m§Zm Amnbo {hV, A{hV H$iy bmJbo åhUOo Ë¶m§Zm Y¡¶© ¶oVo, H$ënZm gwMVo, g§nËVr {‘iVo d AIoarg ñdmV§Í¶ {‘iVo. gd© ‘moR>onUmMm nm¶m ehmUnU Amho. Var XoIrb nmíMmËË¶ {dXçm§Mm nwañH$mahr Ë¶m§Zr Ho$bm Amho. ‘mÌ Ë¶m§À¶m ÑîQ>rZo ‘mV¥^mfoVyZ {ejUmMo ‘hËËd A‘yë¶ Amho.'' ‘mV¥^mfoVyZ {ejU hr Z¡g{J©H$ JmoîQ> Amho. ‘mÌ XþX£dmZo B§J«Or åhUOo ¶emMm amO‘mJ©, B§J«Or ~mobUmao VodT>o hþema Agm Ý¶yZJ§S> nmogbm OmV Amho. B§J«OrMo kmZ Amdí¶H$ Agbo Var {ejUmV ‘m¶~mobrMm dmna H$amdm, g§nyU© {ejUM B§J«OrVyZ KoUo ì¶dhm¶© Zmhr hoM bmoH$‘mÝ¶m§Zr ñnîQ> Ho$bo Amho.

{Q>iH$m§Zr Y§Xo {ejUmbm H¥$fr {ejUmMr OmoS> {Xbr. eoVràYmZ XoemV Á¶m 80 Q>³Ho$ bmoH$m§Mr CnOr{dH$m eoVrda Adb§~yZ Amho, {VWo CnbãY O{‘ZrV Mm§Jbo d A{YH$ YmÝ¶ H$go {nH$[dVm ¶oB©b, ¶mda g§emoYZ Pmbo nm{hOo Ago Ë¶m§Mo ‘V hmoVo. g§H$[aV {~¶mUo, eoV‘mb à{H«$¶m, AmYw{ZH$ eoVr ¶m§Mm D$hmnmoh Ë¶m§Zr Amnë¶m boImVyZ Ho$bm Amho. Q>rMâ O{‘ZrV {nH$m§Mr bmJdS> H$ê$Z eoVH$ar Amnbm CXa{Zdm©h H$ê$ eHo$b, Ago {ejU Ë¶mbm {‘imbo nm{hOo, Ago Ë¶m§Mo ‘V hmoVo.

gaH$maZo H¥$fr {ejUmMr ì¶dñWm Ho$br nm{hOo. hmVr Agob VodT>çm O{‘ZrV Mm§Jbo d nwîH$i AÝZYmÝ¶ H$go {nH$dmdo hm H¥$fr {ejUmMm ‘w»¶ hoVy Amho. Y§Xo {ejUmMm hoVy XoemVrb CXçmoJ Y§Xo dmT>{dUo hm Amho. H¥$fr {ejU ho gd©gm‘mÝ¶ OZVogmR>r Amåhr ‘mJV AmhmoV Ago {Q>iH$m§Zr EH$m {R>H$mUr åhQ>bo Amho. Am¡Xçmo{JH$ Am{U Y§Xo {ejUmMm Ë¶m§Zr AmJ«h Yabm hmoVm. {deof

emim§‘YyZ H¥$fr {df¶H$ {ejU {‘imbo nm{hOo. maVmV H$moUË¶m dñVy {Z‘m©U Ho$ë¶m nm{hOoV d naXoer dñV§yda Amnë¶mbm Adb§~yZ amhmdo bmJy Z¶o hm ÑpîQ>H$moZ Ë¶m§Zr 20 gßQ>|~a 1948 amoOr Ho$garV {b{hboë¶m AJ«boImVyZ ‘m§S>bm hmoVm.

amîQ´>r¶ {ejUmMm {dMma Ë¶m§Zr ‘m§S>bm. amîQ´>r¶ {ejU XoUmè¶m g§ñWm ñWmnZ Ho$ë¶m nm{hOoV. bmoH$m§Zr {Z:ñdmW©nUo e¡j{UH$ àdmhmV gm‘rb ìhmdo Ago AmdmhZ Ë¶m§Zr Ho$bo.

2019 À¶m Zì¶m amîQ´>r¶ {ejU YmoaUmV bmoH$‘mÝ¶ {Q>iH$m§À¶m Y§Xo {ejU Am{U eoVr {ejUmg§~§YrÀ¶m {dMmam§Mo à{Vq~~ ñnîQ>nUo C‘Q>bobo {XgVo. ¶m YmoaUmV emim, ‘hm{dXçmb¶o Am{U {dXçmnrR>o Aem gd© àH$maÀ¶m e¡j{UH$ g§ñWm§‘Ü¶o ì¶mdgm{¶H$ {ejUmMm A§V^m©d H$aÊ¶mV Ambm AgyZ ¶oË¶m nmM dfmªV, {eH$V AgUmè¶m {dXçmÏ¶mªn¡H$s 50 Q>³Ho$ {dXçmÏ¶mªZm ì¶mdgm{¶H$ {ejUmMm bm^ XoÊ¶mMo CX²{XîQ>> R>a{dÊ¶mV Ambo Amho. Ë¶mZwgma nwT>rb XeH$âmV ì¶mdgm{¶H$ {ejU ho gd© g§ñWm§‘Ü¶o Q>ßß¶mQ>ßß¶mZo g‘m{dîQ>> H$aÊ¶mV ¶oUma Amho. Vm§{ÌH$ d ì¶mdgm{¶H$ {ejU ho CXma‘VdmXr {ejUmÀ¶m ì¶mnH$ ÑpîQ>H$moZmMm mJ AgUma Amho. XmoZ hOma Vrg Vo nñVrgn¶ªV nXdrnyd© ñVamVrb ì¶mdgm{¶H$ {ejU EHy$U {dXçmWu àdoemÀ¶m 50 Q>³³¶m§n¶ªV dmT>{dÊ¶mV ¶oUma Amho. ¶mM e¡j{UH$ YmoaUmZwgma gd© ^maVr¶ ^mfm§Mo g§dY©Z H$aÊ¶mMo CX²{XîQ>> R>a{dÊ¶mV Ambo Amho. Am{Xdmgr ^mfogh gd© ^maVr¶ ^mfm§Mm ¶mo½¶ gÝ‘mZ Ho$bm OmB©b VoìhmM XoemV àË¶oH$ àXoemVrb g§ñH¥$VrMo d na§nam§Mo Iè¶m AWm©Zo g§dY©Z hmoUma Amho Am{U gd© {dXçmÏ¶mªZm ¶mMo AmH$bZ hmoUo gdm©Wm©Zo gmÜ¶ hmoUma Amho, Agohr ¶m YmoaUmV Z‘yX H$aÊ¶mV Ambo Amho. ‘mV¥^mfoVyZ {ejU XoÊ¶m‘mJo bmoH$‘mÝ¶m§Zm Omo {dMma A{^àoV hmoVm, VmoM ¶m amîQ´>r¶ {ejUmVyZ, ¶m YmoaUmVyZ à{Vq~{~V Pmbm Amho.

2 Owb¡ : ZQ>d¶© JUnVamd ~moS>g ¶m§Mm OÝ‘{XZ (1880)



Zmdbm¡{H$H$ m§gma»`m AÝ` ñdmWu hoVyZo {eH${dVm H$m_m Z o. Ë`mÀ`m H$m`m©Mr àoaUm gmè`m ‘mZdOmVr~X²Xb gmpËËdH$ AmnwbH$s hrM Agbr nm{hOo.

{eî` åhUOo kmZ J«hU H$aUmam, hm XoIrb "gËnmÌ' Agmd`mg hdm. `mMm AW©, {eî` qH$dm {dXçmÏ`m©H$S>o kmZmonmgZoMr Iar V¥îUm d {MH$mQ>r ho JwU JaOoMo AmhoV. Ë`mMà_mUo {ejH$màVr lX²Ym^md

(n¥îR> H«$. 7 dê$Z)

3 Owb¡ : ^maVmV H$m¶XçmMo AÜ¶mgZ gwê$ (1855)

AgUo A{Ve` Amdí`H$ Amho. Á`mà_mUo é½UmMm S>m°ŠQ>ada {dídmg Zgob Va Ë`mZo gwM{dboë`m Am¡fYmZo JwU òD$ eH$V Zmhr VgoM ho Amho. {dXçmWu Am{U {ejH$ `m§À`mVrb nañna g§dmX, {dídmg, AmnwbH$s hr ~m~ {ejH$m§À¶m {dX²dËVoBVH$sM _hËËdmMr R>aV AgVo. ñdm_r {ddoH$mZ§Xm§Zm A{^àoV AgUmao {ejU hrM H$mimMr JaO R>aUma Amho.

{ZdoXZAmO amÁ¶mV H$moamoZm‘wio gm‘mÝ¶ OZOrdZ {dñH$irV Pmbo AgyZ emim gwX²Ym ~§X AmhoV. Amnë¶mbm

‘mhrV Amho H$s, emim ~§X Agë¶m Var {dXçmÏ¶mªMo {ejU Wm§~y Z¶o åhUyZ embo¶ {ejU {d^mJ gmVË¶mZo à¶ËZerb Amho. embo¶ {ejU {d^mJm‘m’©$V XoIrb XaamoO {dXçmWu, nmbH$ d {ejH$ ¶m§À¶mgmR>r V§ÌkmZmÀ¶m ‘XVrZo Am{U Q>r.ìhr. d aoS>rAmoX²dmao XoIrb {ejU gwê$ H$aÊ¶mV Ambo Amho.

AWm©V {ejH$ Am{U {dXçmÏ¶mª‘Ü¶o Agboë¶m g§dmXmMr OmJm H$moUVohr V§ÌkmZ KoD$ eH$V Zmhr ho hr Iao. {eH$Ê¶mMr d {eH${dÊ¶mMr à{H«$¶m AmË‘r¶VoVyZM à^mdrnUo KSy>Z ¶oV AgVo. Ë¶m‘wio g§nyU© ‘hmamîQ´>mVrb H$mZmH$monè¶mVrb {ejH$ Amnë¶m {dXçmÏ¶mªMo {ejU Wm§~y Z¶o åhUyZ {d{dY ‘mÜ¶‘m§VyZ à¶ËZ H$arV AmhoV. Ë¶m§À¶m ¶m à¶ËZmMm àdmg gd© ‘hmamîQ´>mbm ‘mhrV hmoUo Amdí¶H$ Amho. Amnë¶m {OëhçmVrb ¶m àH$maMo H$m‘ H$aUmè¶m {ejH$m§Mo/n¶©dojH$s¶ ¶§ÌUoMo H$m‘ SCERT n¶ªV nmohmoM{dÊ¶mMr O~m~Xmar AmnUmda gmondrV AmhmoV, OoUoH$ê$Z 'OrdZ {ejU'‘YyZ Ë¶mbm ¶mo½¶ Vr à{gX²Yr XoVm ¶oB©b. ho boI 10 Am°JñQ> n¶ªV nmR>dmdoV.

¶m {edm¶ AmnU Amnë¶m {OëhçmV e¡j{UH $JwUdËVoÀ¶m ÑîQ>rZo am~drV Agbobo ZmdrÝ¶nyU© CnH«$‘, 21 ì¶m eVH$mVrb {d{dYm§Jr H$m¡eë¶m§er g§~§{YV boI, OmJ{VH$ nmVirda e¡j{UH$ ÑîQ>rZo hmoUmao ~Xb d Ë¶m§Mo n[aUm‘, BVa amÁ¶m§Vrb, Xoem§Vrb best practices, BË¶mXt~m~VMo boI "OrdZ {ejU'À¶m A§H$mgmR>r AmnUmH$Sy>Z Ano{jV AmhoV. OoUoH$ê$Z ‘hmamîQ>mÀ¶m {ejU {d^mJmMm Amagm AgUmao ho ‘m{gH$ A{YH$ XO}Xma hmoB©b d ¶m ‘mÜ¶‘mVyZ gdmªZm ‘wbm§À¶m {ejUm{df¶r {Xem {‘iob. Cnamo³V${df¶mMo gm{hË¶ Imbrb e-mail da nmR>{dÊ¶mV ¶mdo.

[email protected] AWdm [email protected]

1) boI nmR>{dVmZm Vo ¶w{ZH$moS> ’$m°ÝQ>‘Ü¶o AgmdoV.

2) boImMr eãX‘¶m©Xm gw‘mao 1000 eãX.

3) boImMr CX²{XîQ>o Am{U n[aUm‘ ñnîQ>> AgmdoV.

4) boImbm AZwgê$Z CËV‘ XOm©Mo XmoZ/VrZ ’$moQ>mo nmR>dmdoV. {XZH$a nmQ>rb (g§MmbH$)

amÁ¶ e¡j{UH$ g§emoYZ d à{ejU n[afX, ‘hmamîQ´>, nwUo.



H$moUVrhr g§ñH¥$Vr hr g§ñH$ma Am{U na§nam ¶m§À¶m‘wio {Q>H$V AgVo, d{Y©îUy hmoV AgVo. na§nam åhUOo H$Yrhr Z AmQ>Umam, gVV nwT>o nwT>o OmUmam dmhVm Pam. g§ñH$mam§Mr éOdmV H$aUmam. ho g§ñH$ma EH$m {nT>rVyZ Xþgè¶m {nT>rV g§H«${‘V hmoV AgVmV.

gm‘m{OH$, e¡j{UH$, Ym{‘©H$, Z¡{VH$ Am{U gm{hË¶-H$bm, kmZ-{dkmZ, VËËdkmZ {df¶H$ KQ>H$m§Mr Or g‘mO pñWVr AgVo Vr åhUOo g§ñH¥$Vr. bmoH$ OrdZmVrb X¡Z§{XZ ì¶dhmamVyZ, dmJÊ¶m~mobÊ¶mVyZ g§ñH¥$VrMo Xe©Z KS>V AgVo.

bmoH$OrdZmVrb à‘wI A§J AgVo na§naoZo MmbV Ambobo gU, CËgd Am{U {XZ{deof. OwÝ¶m {nT>rMr Zmi Zì¶m {nT>rer OmoS>Ê¶mMo d Ë¶mVyZ g§ñH$ma H$aÊ¶mMo H$m‘ ¶m gU, CËgd, {XZ-{deofm§X²dmao hmoV AgVo. Ë¶mVyZM AZoH$ OrdZmon¶moJr H$m¡eë¶m§Mm {dH$mghr hmoV AgVmo. KamMr ñdÀN>Vm H$aUo, KamMr gOmdQ> H$aUo, am§Jmoir H$mT>Uo, doJdoJio nXmW© ~Z{dUo, gdmªgmo~V AmZ§X KoUo,

{d{dY H$bmJwUm§Mr A{^ì¶³Vr H$aUo Aem {H$VrVar JmoîQ>r AZm¡nMm[aH$arË¶m {eH$ë¶m OmV AgVmV.

AmfmT> ‘{hÝ¶mV ew³b njmV ¶oUmar nm¡{U©‘m hr 'Jwénm¡{U©‘m' åhUyZ AmoiIbr OmVo. {VbmM "ì¶mgnm¡{U©‘m' Agohr åhUVmV. ‘hm^maVmMo aM{¶Vm ‘hfu ì¶mg ¶m§Mm OÝ‘ {Xdg åhUyZ ¶m {XdgmMo {deof ‘hËËd H$maU ì¶mg ho Am{XJwê$ ‘mZbo OmVmV. Ë¶m§À¶mnmgyZ kmZmMm CJ‘ Pmbm. doX, nwamUm§Mr {Z{‘©Vr Ë¶m§Zr Ho$br åhUyZ "doXì¶mg' ¶m ZmdmZohr Vo n[a{MV AmhoV. Ë¶m§À¶mà{V AmXa, lX²Ym ì¶³V H$aÊ¶mgmR>r {ejUjoÌmV, g§JrVmXr H$bmjoÌmV Am{U AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ joÌmV Jwénm¡{U©‘obm ’$ma ‘hËËdmMo ñWmZ Amho. AkmZmMm A§YH$ma Xÿa H$ê$Z kmZmMm àH$me Jwê$ XmIdrV AgVmV. Amnë¶m Am¶wî¶mbm ¶mo½¶ diU bmJmdo, Amnë¶m OJÊ¶mbm AW© {‘imdm åhUyZ Jwê§$Mo ‘mJ©Xe©Z ’$ma ‘mobmMo R>aVo. Amnë¶m Jwé§à{V AmXa ì¶³V H$aÊ¶mgmR>r, H¥$VkVm ì¶³V H$aÊ¶mgmR>r "Jwénm¡{U©‘m' ‘hËËdmMr AgVo.

‘yb OÝ‘mbm ¶oVo Ë¶mdoir Vo nyU©nUo namdb§~r AgVo. Ho$di er-ey, aS>Uo, PmonUo ¶m Z¡g{J©H$ {H«$¶m Vo H$arV AgVo. Ë¶mbm hiyhiy AmB© EH$ EH$ JmoîQ> {eH${dVo. Ë¶m‘wio ‘wbmMm n{hbm Jwê$ ‘mVm AgVo. "‘mV¥ Xodmo ^d' ho ¶mgmR>rM åhQ>bo OmVo. Hw$Qw>§~mV BVahr ‘mUgo AgVmV Ë¶m§Mo AZwH$aU H$ê$Z, {ZarjU H$ê$Z ‘yb {eH$V AgVo. àË¶oH$ JmoîQ> ñdV… H$amdr hr ~mbgwb^ d¥ËVr AgVo. Ë¶m‘wio emioV OmÊ¶mnydu

Amnë¶m Am¶wî¶mV Amnë¶mbm kmZê$nr dgm XoUmè¶m, AmB©gmaIr ‘m¶m H$aUmè¶m, nmR>rda em~mgH$sMr Wmn XoUmè¶m, MwH$Vo nmD$b gmdaUmè¶m, àg§Jr AmYmadS> ~ZUmè¶m ‘mJ©Xe©H$, {XemXe©H$ Jwê$§Mo ñWmZ ’$ma ‘hËËdmMo AgVo. Am¶wî¶mÀ¶m doJdoJiçm diUmda Á¶m§Zm Jwê$ ‘mZmdo Aem AZoH$ ì¶³Vr Amnë¶mbm ôQ>VmV, gJiçmM Jwê§$Mo F$U ‘mZV, Jwénm¡{U©‘obm Ë¶m§À¶m{df¶r H¥$VkVm ì¶³V H$aVmZm EHy$UM Jwê$na§nao{df¶r {dMma ‘m§S>Umam hm boI.

Jwénm¡{U©‘m‘rZm Hw$iH$Uu H$ma§OoH$a

^«‘UÜdZr … 9850308566

4 Owb¡ : ñdm‘r {ddoH$mZ§X ñ‘¥{V{XZ (1902)



Vo ~è¶mn¡H$s ñdmdb§~r ~Zbobo AgVo, ^mfm H$m¡eë¶hr {dH${gV hmoV AgVo åhUyZ Hw$Qw>§~ hr Ë¶mMr AZm¡nMm[aH$ emimM AgVo Am{U Hw$Qw>§~mVrb AmB© ì¶{V[a³V AÝ¶ ZmVodmB©H$hr Ë¶mMo "Jwê$'M AgVmV.

Amnë¶m XoemV Jwê$-{eî¶ na§nam àmMrZ H$mimnmgyZ MmbV Ambobr Amho. nV§ObrÀ¶m ¶moJgyÌmZo B©ídambm na‘Jwê$ Ago åhQ>bo Amho. Ë¶m H$mir JwéHw$b nX²YVr hmoVr. {dXçmO©ZmgmR>r {dXçmWu Jwê§$H$S>o OmV. Jwê§$À¶m gmpÝZÜ¶mV amhÿZ {dXçmO©Z H$arV. {ZgJm©À¶m ghdmgmV, EImXçm gmÜ¶m Aml‘m‘Ü¶o {dXçmÜ¶¶Z Mmbo. eara l‘hr H$amdo bmJV. O§JbmVyZ ganU Jmoim H$ê$Z AmUUo, H§$X‘wio AmUUo, ZXrda OmD$Z nmUr KoD$Z ¶oUo BË¶mXr H$m‘o gdmªZmM H$amdr bmJV. amOnwÌ Am{U Jar~ X[aÐr ‘wbJm EH$ÌM amhÿZ {dXçmJ«hU H$arV AgV. "{ejH$' ¶m eãXmbm g§ñH¥$V‘Ü¶o "AmMm¶©' hm eãX dmnabm OmVmo. Ë¶mMm AW© Agm hmoVmo H$s, Á¶mZo gd© {df¶m§Mo AÜ¶¶Z Ho$bo Amho, Omo ñdV… gd© ZrVr{Z¶‘m§Mo nmbZ H$aVmo Am{U Amnë¶m {eî¶m§H$Sy>Zhr H$ê$Z KoVmo Vmo AmMm¶©. erb, àkm Am{U H$éUm ¶m§Zr ¶w³V Vmo AmMm¶©! Aem AmMm¶mªÀ¶m ghdmgmV ~mam df} amhÿZ {eî¶ ñdJ¥hr naVV AgV Ë¶mdoir AmMm¶© Ë¶m§Zm gm§Jm¶Mo H$s, "‘r Vwåhm§bm {dXçm {Xbr na§Vw Vwåhr ‘bm à‘mU ‘mZy ZH$m, gË¶mbmM à‘mU ‘mZm.'

Amnbm {eî¶ ñdV§Ì ~wX²YrZo ñd¶§ {ZU©¶ KoD$ eHo$b. gË¶ AgË¶mMr nmaI H$ê$ eHo$b hm {dídmg AmMm¶mªZm Agm¶Mm. am‘, H¥$îU, H$m¡ad-nm§S>d ho gd©OU JwéHw$b na§naoVyZM KS>bo. JmJu Am{U ‘¡Ìo¶r ¶m {dXþfr ¶mM H$mbI§S>mVrb AmhoV, nU hiyhiy hr na§nam bmon nmdV Jobr.

nwT>o bmoH$g§»¶m dmTy> bmJbr. ‘mZdr g‘mO PnmQ>çmZo ~XbV hmoVm. {d{dY {dMma àdmh {Z‘m©U hmoV

hmoVo. hiyhiy ZJa§ dgy bmJbr hmoVr. Ë¶mMm n[aUm‘ {ejU nX²YVrdahr hmoV hmoVm. {Okmgm hr ‘mZdmMr ‘yb^yV ^mdZm Amho. Amnë¶m AdVr^modVr AgUmè¶m JmoîQ>tMm AW© g‘OyZ KoUo, Ë¶m~X²Xb nañnam§er MMm© H$aUo ho hr EH$ àH$maMo {ejUM AgVo Am{U ‘ZmV àíZ {Z‘m©U hmoVmV. Ë¶mdoir CËVamMm emoY KoÊ¶mMr åhUoOM {eH$Ê¶mMr D$‘u {Z‘m©U hmoVo. Aem doir Jwê$Mr JaO ^mgVo. JwéHw$b nX²YVr Oar hiyhiy H$mb~mhç R>abr Var Jwê$-{eî¶ na§nam ‘mÌ H$YrM I§{S>V hmoUma Zmhr!

^maVr¶ {ejUjoÌmV ’$ma ‘moR>r H«$m§Vr KS>br Vr B. ny. ghmì¶m eVH$mV! Ë¶mdoir d§eôX, dU©ôX, OmVrôX ¶m§Mo àm~ë¶ ’$ma dmT>bo hmoVo. H$‘©H$m§S>, ney hË¶m ¶m§‘wio g‘mOm‘Yrb em§Vr ZîQ> Pmbr hmoVr. Ë¶mdoir Jm¡V‘~wX²Ym§Zr ào‘, Aqhgm, X¶m, j‘m ¶m ‘yë¶m§Mm àMma-àgma Ho$bm. gËH$‘m©da a XoÊ¶mMm CnXoe Ë¶m§Zr Ho$bm. gd©gm‘mÝ¶ bmoH$m§Zm Vmo nQ>bm. AZoH$m§Zr Jm¡V‘~wX²Ym§Mo {eî¶Ëd nËH$abo. ~m¡X²Y VËËdkmZ hr kmZmMr Zdr emIm gwê$ Pmbr. ‘R>, {dhmam§‘YyZ ~m¡X²Y {^³Iy kmZ àmßV H$ê$ bmJbo. {ejUmMr qH$‘V Á¶m§Zm H$ibr Vo ¶m {dMmaYmaoH$S>o AmH¥$îQ> Pmbo. emar[aH$, ‘mZ{gH$, Z¡{VH$, ~m¡X²{YH$ {dH$mgmda AmYm[aV {ejU gdmªgmR>r Iwbo Pmbo. nwT>o ¶mM VËËdkmZmda AmYm[aV Zmb§Xm {díd{dXçmb¶ ñWmnZ Pmbo. ~wX²{Y{ZîR>, AZw^d{ZîR> Am{U à¶ËZdmXmda AmYmabobr {ejUnX²YVr Am{U ‘mZdVmdmXmbm {Xbobo ‘hËËdmMo ñWmZ ¶m§‘wio ¶m {R>H$mUr g§nyU© Am{e¶m I§S>mVyZ {dXçmWu {eH$Ê¶mgmR>r ¶oV hmoVo. Ë¶mdoir Zmb§Xm ¶oWrb J§«Wmb¶ ho OJmVrb gdmªV ‘moR>o J§«Wmb¶ ‘mZbo OmV hmoVo.

Jwê$ Am{U {eî¶m§Mo AË¶§V gw§Xa ZmVo ¶m {R>H$mUr {Z‘m©U Pmbo hmoVo H$maU ‘m¡{IH$ na§naoZoM A{YH$m{YH$ AÜ¶mnZ H$amdo bmJo. ‘Z EH$mJ« H$ê$Z AÜ¶mnH$mMm

4 Owb¡ : ‘mXm‘ ‘oar ³¶war ñ‘¥{V{XZ$ (1934)



eãX Z² eãX EoH$mdm bmJo. Vmo ñ‘aUmV R>odmdm bmJo. ¶m {ejU H|$ÐmV àíZmoËVao, nañna g§dmX d g§ mfU ¶m§X²dmao MmbUmao AÜ¶¶Z-AÜ¶mnZ AË¶§V ¶eñdr R>abo hmoVo. {ejH$m§À¶m gmÜ¶m amhUrMm, VËËd{ZîR> {dMmagaUrMm Am{U kmZmMm à^md {dXçmÏ¶mªda nS>V hmoVm.

Zmb§Xm {díd {dXçmb¶mà‘mUoM Vj{ebm Am{U {dH«$‘{ebm {ejU H|$Ðm§Zrhr e¡j{UH$ joÌmV ’$ma ‘moR>o ¶moJXmZ {Xbo Amho åhUyZM hm H$mbI§S> "^maVr¶ B{VhmgmVrb gwdU©¶wJ' åhUyZ AmoiIbm OmVmo.

{ejUmÀ¶m {Z{‘ËVmZo Xoe-{dXoemVrb bmoH$ Ogo Ogo maVmV ¶oD$ bmJbo Vgo Vgo maVmÀ¶m g‘¥X²YrZo {XnyZ OmD$Z {dXoemVrb ì¶mnmar maVmV ¶oD$ bmJbo. H$mhtZm maVmda Amnbr gËVm ñWmnZ H$am¶Mr hmoVr. Ë¶m‘wio AmR>ì¶m eVH$mnmgyZ ‘wpñb‘m§Mo AmH«$‘U ^maVmda gwê$ Pmbo. AZoH$ naXoer amÁ¶H$V} ¶oV Jobo. Ë¶m‘wio Ë¶m§Mr g§ñH¥$Vr, gä¶Vm Amnë¶m XoemV ê$T> hmoV Jobr. H$mhr na§nam Amë¶m. VgoM VËËdkmZ, H$bm, kmZ-{dkmZ ¶m§Mrhr XodmUKodmU nañnam§‘Ü¶o hmoV am{hbr.

gmoimì¶m eVH$mV AmYr ~m~a Am{U Z§Va AH$~a

¶m§Zr {ejUjoÌmV Iyn gwYmaUm Ho$ë¶m. AZoH$ àmW{‘H$, ‘mÜ¶{‘H$ emim gwê$ Ho$ë¶m. ~m~a ñdV… gm{hË¶mMr, Aä¶mgmMr AmdS> AgUmam amÁ¶H$Vm© Agë¶m‘wio {dXçm àgmamMo ‘moR>o H$m‘ Ë¶m H$mbI§S>mV KS>bo. AH$~amZohr J{UV, yJmob, B{Vhmg, H¥${f{dkmZ, IJmobemñÌ ho {df¶ Aä¶mgH«$‘mV AmUbo. {ejUmMm àgma g§nyU© Xoeâ Pmbm. ¶m H$mimV dmMZmb¶m§Mr g§»¶m dmT>br. boIZ, dmMZ ¶m H$m¡eë¶m§Zm àmoËgmhZ {‘imbo. ‘w»¶ åhUOo CËV‘ Mm[aÍ¶mda â XoUmao, VËËd{ZîR>, CÀM{e{jV {ejH$ Ë¶m H$mimV hmoVo. Vo {nË¶mà‘mUo {dXçmÏ¶mªZm Onm¶Mo. ¶mo½¶ Vo ‘mJ©Xe©Z H$am¶Mo. Ë¶m‘wio

Jwê$-{eî¶ ¶m§Mo ZmVo A{Ve¶ {ZamoJr Am{U CËV‘ hmoVo. Jwê§$Mm ‘mZ gd©M {dXçmWu ‘ZmnmgyZ R>odrV hmoVo.

{~«Q>rem§Zr ì¶mnmamÀ¶m {Z{‘ËVmZo ^maVmV nmD$b R>odbo Am{U hr g‘¥X²Y, gwObm‘², gw’$bm‘² ^y‘r nmhÿZ Vo ¶oWo KQ>²Q> amodbo! Ë¶m§Zr XrS>eo df} ^maVmda amÁ¶ Ho$bo. ‘wËgX²XrnUmZo, YmoaUrnUmZo Ë¶m§Zr Am{W©H$, e¡j{UH$ Am{U gm‘m{OH$ joÌmV hñVjon Ho$bm. B§½b§S>‘YyZ gËVm Mmb{dÊ¶mgmR>r ^maVmVM B§J«Or OmUUmar ‘mUgo Ë¶m§Zm hdr hmoVr. Ë¶mgmR>r Ë¶m§Zr ^maVmVrb CÀM Am{U ‘Ü¶‘dJu¶m§gmR>r emim gwê$ Ho$ë¶m. VËnydu {h§Xÿ§À¶m nmR>emim, "JwéHw$b§' hmoVr Am{U ‘wpñb‘m§Mo "‘Xago' hmoVo. B§J«Om§Zr {‘eZar emim gwê$ Ho$ë¶m. Ë¶m§Mo amÁ¶ Mmb{dÊ¶mgmR>r ‘XV H$aUmao, B§J«Or OmUUmao bmoH$ V¶ma Pmbo Am{U ^maVr¶m§Mr ‘mZ{gH$ Jwbm‘r {Q>Hy$Z ahmdr åhUyZ B§J«Om§Mr g§ñH¥$Vr {H$Vr Wmoa Amho ho maVr¶m§À¶m ‘Zmda q~~{dVm Ambo!

AWm©V {~«{Q>em§‘wio g§nyU© ^maVâ {ejUmMm àMma-àgma Pmbm ho {ZpíMV. {edm¶ {dkmZ, V§ÌkmZ ho {df¶ Am¡Xçmo{JH$ {dH$mgmgmR>r ’$ma Amdí¶H$ hmoVo, Vo Aä¶mgH«$‘mV Ambo. Ë¶mMm ’$m¶Xm ^maVr¶m§Zm PmbmM. B§J«Om§Zr Iyn àmW{‘H$ d ‘mÜ¶{‘H$ emim

H$mT>ë¶m Ë¶m‘wio {ejUm~m~V bmoH$m§‘Ü¶o OmUrd {Z‘m©U Pmbr. ñÌr {ejUmgmR>r AË¶§V à{VHy$b dmVmdaU AgVmZmhr ‘hmË‘m Omo{V~m ’w$bo ¶m§Zr Amnë¶m nËZrbm, gm{dÌr~mBªZm ñdV… {eH${dbo Am{U Ë¶m ^maVmVrb n{hbr ñÌr {e{jH$m ~Zë¶m.

{ejH$m§Mr Amdí¶H$Vm àË¶oH$ H$mbI§S>mV H$m¶‘M am{hbr! AZoH$ amOgËVm ~Xbë¶m. gm‘m{OH$ ~Xbhr Iyn Pmbo, nU Jwê§$Mo ñWmZ {ejUjoÌmV A~m{YVM am{hbo. Jwê$ åhUOo "gmjmV na~«åh' H$maU ~«åhm, {dîUy Am{U ‘hoe ¶m XodÌ¶tMo H$m¶© Oo CËnËVr, pñWVr

(n¥îR> H«$. 20 da)

4 Owb¡ : H$mÝhmoOr Am§J«o ñ‘¥{V{XZ$ (1729)




AemM àH$mao Cñ‘mZm~mX {OëhçmVrb C‘aJm VmbwŠ`mVrb OJX§~mZJa, H$S>Xmoam oWo ‘r bm°H$S>mD$Z gwê$ Pmë`mZ§Va ‘wbm§er g§nH©$ H$gm gmYmdm, Ë`m§Mm Aä`mg H$gm ¿`mdm `mMm {dMma H$arV hmoVmo. AemVM emim§Zm Oar gwQ²>Q>çm Agë`m Var {ejH$ J«m‘n§Mm`V ñVamda H$moamoZm ghmæ`Vm H$jmV H$m`©aV AmhoV. H$moamoZm~X²Xb OZOmJ¥Vr H$arV AgVmZm Py‘ `m A°nMr ‘m{hVr {Xbr. ‘mÂ¶m emioVrb ‘wbo n{hë`mnmgyZM emim gwê$ AgVmZmhr Xrjm A°nMm {Z`{‘V dmna H$aVmV. ‘r XaamoO gH$mir ZD$ dmOVm ìhm°Q²gA°n J«wnda d gmÜ¶m Q>oŠñQ> ‘ogoOX²dmao XaamoOMm Aä`mg nmR>{dUma. ‘wbm§Zr Vmo H$am`Mm. Oo KQ>H$ g‘OUma ZmhrV Ë`m§Mm Aä`mg Xrjm A°nX²dmao H$am¶Mm. {Xdgâ Ho$boë`m Aä`mgmMo ’$moQ>mo ìhm°Q²gA°n J«wnda nmR>dm`Mo Ago ‘r nmbH$m§Zm gm§{JVbo. Aerhr ‘m{hVr {Xbr. nmbH$ d {dXçmWu `m§Zr `mg g§‘Vr Xe©{dbr. emioV EHy$U nQ>g§»`m 26. Ë`m§n¡H$s 18 ‘wbm§À`m nmbH$m§H$So> A±S´>m°BS> ‘mo~mB©b hmoVm. Cd©[aV 8 nmbH$m§H$So> qH$dm {dXçmÏ`mªÀ`m mdm§H$So>, MwbË`m§H$So> gmYm ‘mo~mB©b hmoVm.

gÜ`m emgZ d àemgZmÀ`m dVrZo àË`j ~¡R>H$m

Am`mo{OV Z H$aVm ìhÀ w©Ab ‘rqQ>J KoVë¶m OmV AmhoV. `mMmM Adb§~ H$arV ‘r emioVrb Á¶m§À¶mH$S>o A±S>m°BS> ‘mo~mB©b hmoVm, Ë`mMmM AmYma KoV Py‘ A°n X²dmao amoO 40 {‘{ZQ>m§Mo XmoZ goeZ KoV Am°ZbmB©Z ‘mJ©Xe©Z gwê$ Ho$bo. ‘wbo {Z`{‘V Xrjm A°nMm dmna H$ê$ bmJbr. VgoM `mdoir ‘r Aä`mgmMm AmT>mdm KoD$ bmJbmo. hiyhiy nmbH$m§V OmJ¥Vr Pmbr d gd© nmbH$ Amnë`m nmë`m§gmR>r doi XoD$ bmJbo. m JmdmVrb ~hþVm§e nmbH$ eoVH$ar Agë`mZo Am°ZbmB©Z VmgmMr doi gm §H$mir 7 R>odbr H$maU Vmon¶ªV eoVmVrb H$m‘ AmQ>nyZ nmbH$ Kar oVmV. Amnë`m nmë`m§À`m {ejUmgmR>r Vo ñdV…

A°n dmnam`bm {eH$bo. ‘wbm§Zm ‘rqQ>J Om°B©Z H$ê$Z XoD$ bmJbo. AmOhr H$arV AmhoV. {dXçmÏ`m©ª~amo~a nmbH$hr `m Am°ZbmB©Z Vm{gHo$À¶m doir hOa AgVmV.

XaamoO gH$mir 9 dmOVm ‘r OJX§~mZJa H$S>Xmoam ZmdmÀ`m ìhm°Q²gA°n J«wnda d gmÜ`m Q>oŠñQ> ‘ogoOda Aä`mg nmR>{dVmo. VgoM "emim ~§X nU {ejU gwê$' hm ‘ogoOhr nmR>{dVmo. ‘r ñdV: ~Z{dboë`m Am°ZbmB©Z

Q>oñQ> Xa e{Zdma d a{ddmar nmR>{dVmo. ‘wbo Ë¶m Q>oñQ> gmoS>dyZ Ë`mMohr ñH«$sZ em°Q> J«wnda nmR>{dVmV. Aä`mg nyU© hmoVmM J«wnda Ë`mMo ’$moQ>mo nmR>{dVmV. Ë`mV H$mhr MwH$m d ~Xb Agë`mg Vgo ‘wbm§Zm gm§JVmo. Ë`mZ§Va XaamoO EH$ JmoîQ> J«wnda nmR>{dVmo. Ë`mMohr àH$Q> dmMZ ‘wbo KamV H$aVmV. VgoM Cn`moJr AgUmè`m d {ejU{df¶H$ pìh{S>AmoÀ`m qbŠg nmR>{dVmo Ë¶m nmhV nmhV ‘wbo {eH$VmV. Py‘ A°n ‘Üò ìhmB©Q> ~moS©>À`m gmhmæ`mZo {eH${dVmo. Ë`m‘wio ‘wbm§Zm Z g‘Obobo KQ>H$ g‘OÊ`mg ‘XV hmoVo. VgoM nmT>o nmR>m§Va, eãX nmR>m§Va `m§Mrhr COiUr `m doiog KoÊ`mV òVo.

5 Owb¡ : AmPmX qhX goZoMr ñWmnZm$ (1943)




H$bMmMUr Ahdmb d {dXçmÏ¶mªMo g‘wnXoeZ …

g§nyU© XoemV e¡j{UH$ gÌ gwê$ hmoÊ¶m~m~V Am{U narjm§~m~V gd©Ì g§^«‘ {Z‘m©U Pmbobm {XgVmo. {dXçmnrR>r¶ Vo Ho$.Or. n¶ªVÀ¶m e¡j{UH$ gÌm§~m~V AOyZhr ñnîQ> ^y{‘H$m Zmhr. hr n[apñWVrOÝ¶ g‘ñ¶m Amho Am{U ¶mMo H$maU Amnë¶mbm ‘mhrV Amho. H$moamoZmÀ¶m d¡pídH$ g‘ñ¶oVyZ OmV AgVmZm n[a{ñWVrOÝ¶, àmg§{JH$ {ZU©¶ KoV AZoH$ g‘ñ¶m, AS>MUr d g§H$Q>m§er gm‘Zm H$ê$Z Amnë¶mbm H$moamoZmda ‘mV H$am¶Mr Amho. Aem EH§$Xa gd© pñWVrda J§^ranUo {dMma H$ê$Z ‘hmamîQ´> emgZ H$bMmMUr Ahdmb d g‘wnXoeZ hm ñVwË¶ CnH«$‘ am~drV Amho.

H$[aAabm {Xem XoÊ¶mgmR>r amÁ¶ emgZmZo "‘hmH$[aAa nmoQ>©b' {X. 22 ‘o 2020 amoOr bm±M Ho$bo Amho. ‘hmH$[aAa nmoQ>©b Zddr Vo ~mamdrÀ¶m {dXçmÏ¶mªgmR>r A{Ve¶ Cn¶w³V AgyZ {dXçmWu Amnë¶m gab Am¶.S>r. ‘m’©$V d 123456 hm nmgdS>© dmnê$Z ¶m‘Ü¶o AgUmao 2,80,000 H$[aAa H$mog}g, 1138 E§Q´>Ýg narjm, 31,000

AmOÀ¶m àJV doJdmZ Am{U ñnY}À¶m OJmV VmUVUmd dmT>bobo AmhoVM; Ë¶mV H$moamoZm ‘hm‘marMr YmñVr Am[U bm°H$S>mD$ZZo R>ßn Pmbobo OrdZ. emim H$m°boOog ~§X. Ë¶m‘wio ZdrZ C‘oX KoD$Z âmar ‘mam¶bm gÁO Pmbobo {dXçmWuhr ’$ma ‘moR>çm VmUmbm gm‘moao OmV AmhoV. Ë¶mVyZ gmdaÊ¶mgmR>r JaO Amho g‘wnXoeZmMr åhUyZM Ë¶m{df¶r...

JaO g‘wnXoeZmMrS>m°. aËZm Mm¡Yar

g‘wnXoeH$ ^«‘UÜdZr … 9561601151

‘hm{dXçmb¶m§Mr g§nyU© ‘m{hVr, 14 nojm OmñV naamîQ´>mVrb H$m°boOogMr ‘m{hVr, gmo~V AZoH$ n¶m©¶r H$[aAaÀ¶m g§Yr g§X^m©gh ¶m nmoQ>©bX²dmao CXmhaUm§gh g{dñVa {Za§Va AnS>oQ> {‘idy eH$VmV. ho nmoQ>©b g‘wnXoeH$m§gmR>r Cn¶w³V AmhoM, nU {dXçmÏ¶mª~amo~a nmbH$m§gmR>rhr Cn¶w³V Amho.

H$bMmMUr åhUOo AmnU Z³H$s H$[aAa‘Ü¶o H$m¶ H$ê$ eH$Vmo Am{U ^{dî¶H$mimÀ¶m ÑîQ>rZo H$m¶ H$aUo ¶mo½¶ Agob ho g‘OyZ KoÊ¶mgmR>r ‘XV H$aUmao dñVw{ZîR> gmYZ åhUOo H$b‘mnZ MmMUr hmo¶. 2016 nydu àË¶oH$ {d^mJmV ‘o-OyZ ‘{hÝ¶mV dJ© Xhmdr d ~mamdr gm¶ÝgÀ¶m {dXçmÏ¶mªZm ‘mZgemñÌr¶ H$gmoQ>çm XoD$Z ì¶dgm¶ ‘mJ©Xe©Z {ZdS> g§ñWm, ‘w§~B© ¶oWyZ à{e{jV Pmbobo g‘wnXoeH$ Amnmnë¶m {d^mJmV g‘wnXoeZ H$arV AgV na§Vw AmVm ‘mZgemñÌr¶ MmMUr àË¶oH$ {dXçmÏ¶m©n¶ªV nmohmoMm¶bm nm{hOo ¶m hoVyZo emgZmZo 2016 nmgyZ gd©M XhmdrÀ¶m {dXçmÏ¶mªgmR>r H$bMmMUrMo Am¶moOZ Ho$ë¶m‘wio AmOVmJm¶mV 50 Vo 55 bmI {dXçmÏ¶mªZm ¶mMm ’$m¶Xm Pmbm Amho.

H$bMmMUr Xhmdr narjoZ§Va H$m?gmoimì¶m dfm©Z§Va {dXçmWu ñd{díbofUmË‘H$

{dMma H$ê$ bmJVmo, åhUOoM ‘r H$moU Amho, ‘bm H$m¶ ~Zm¶Mo Amho qH$dm ‘r H$moU hmoUma Aer "ñd' Mr OmUrd hmoVo. "ñd' Om{UdoVyZ Vo ñd‘VmH$S>o ~Km¶bm bmJVmV. Hw$‘ma AdñWoH$S>o nXmn©U d hm‘m}Ýg ~Xb ¶m ÑîQ>rZo {dXçmWu "ñd' d "ñd-‘V' ¶m{df¶r OmJ¥V {XeoH$S>o diVmo.

6 Owb¡ : àmÀ¶{dXçm g§emoYZ ‘§{XamMr ñWmnZm$ (1917)



Amnbm {ejUmMm n°Q>Z© Xhmdr Z§Va H$[aAagmR>r ‘hËËdmMm Agë¶mZo {dXçmÏ¶mªMr ~bñWmZo d C{Udm H$iÊ¶mÀ¶m ÑîQ>rZo hr H$bMmMUr Cn¶w³V R>aVo. 140 àíZ, Ë¶m Ë¶m A{^¶mo½¶VoZwgma 15 àíZ j‘Vm, H$b, A{^éMr, A{^¶mo½¶Vm ‘mnZ Ho$ë¶mZo {dXçmWu H$[aAagmR>r ‘mZgemñÌr¶ dñVw{ZîR> gmYZ åhUyZ H$bMmMUr ‘hËËdmMr R>aVo.

¶m H$b‘mnZ MmMUr‘Ü¶o 7 joÌo AmhoV. ¶mV H¥$fr, b{bVH$bm, dm{UÁ¶, Vm§{ÌH$, H$bm, JUdoeYmar, Amamo½¶ {dkmZ hr joÌo AmhoV. hr joÌo AmoiIÊ¶mgmR>r ^m{fH$ j‘Vm, Vm{H©$H$ j‘Vm, gm§p»¶H$s¶ j‘Vm, AdH$mer¶ j‘Vm, BË¶mXr H$bMmMUrV Agboë¶m àíZm§VyZ {dXçmÏ¶mªMm H$b d A{^¶mo½¶Vm ‘mnbr OmVo. ‘mÌ {dXçmÏ¶m©Zo H$bMmMUr Jm§^r¶m©Zo gmoS>{dbr nm{hOo. Oa ApñWanUo MmMUr gmoS>{dbr Agob Va H$bMmMUrÀ¶m {ZH$fm§da n[aUm‘ hmoD$Z {ZîH$f© qH$dm n[aUm‘m‘Ü¶o gË¶Vm H$‘r AgÊ¶mMr e³¶Vm AgVo.

e¡j{UH$ n[apñWVr, JwUdËVm, ì¶p³V‘ËËd JwU‘mnZ, {dMma H$m¡eë¶o, ~m¡X²{YH$ j‘Vm, Am{W©H$ {ñWVr ¶m gdmªÀ¶m g§H${bV {ZîH$fm©dê$Z Amnë¶m H$[aAa {ZdS>rbm OmñV Zo‘Ho$nUm AmUVm ¶oVmo.

AWm©VM ¶mgmR>r H$[aAa ‘mJ©Xe©H$ g‘wnXoeH$mMr JaO AgVo.‘J hm g‘wnXoeH$ H$moRy>Z ¶oVmo?

emgZmÀ¶m ì¶dgm¶ ‘mJ©Xe©Z {ZdS> g§ñWoX²dmao EH$ dfm©Mm H$mog© Ho$bobm d emgZmMo à{ejU Pmbobm à{e{jV {ejH$ hm g‘wnXoeH$ AgVmo. ‘hmamîQ´>mV 450 nojm A{YH$ g‘wnXoeH$ AmhoV.

‘m. g§MmbH$ SCERT ‘hmamîQ>, nwUo ¶m§Zr H$bMmMUr {ZH$mbmnwaVr amhÿ Z¶o, Va AhdmbmMo {díbofU, ñnîQ>rH$aU ìhmdo ¶m CXmËV hoVyZo ¶m dfunmgyZ åhUOoM ¶m bm°H$S>mD$ZÀ¶m H$mimV H$b ‘mnZ MmMUr

Ahdmb d {dXçmÏ¶mªZm H$[aAa ‘mJ©Xe©Z ìhmdo ¶mgmR>r,

amÁ¶emgZ à{e{jV (IVGS) 425 g‘wnXoeH$ d

NCERT ¶oWrb ‘hmamîQ>mVrb 10 g‘wnXoeH$ Aem

EHy$U 435 g‘wnXoeH$m§Mr g‘wnXoeZmgmR>r {Z…ewëH$

gw{dYm CnbãY H$ê$Z {Xbr Amho.

hm CnH«$‘ {X. 4 ‘o 2020 nmgyZ gwê$ H$aÊ¶mV

Ambm AgyZ H$bMmMUr {Xboë¶m {dXçmÏ¶mªMr g§»¶m

15,76,816 EdT>r Amho. àË¶oH$ {dXçmÏ¶m©n¶ªV

nmohmoMÊ¶mgmR>r VgoM ‘w»¶mÜ¶mnH$, {ejH$ d

nmbH$m§n¶ªV nmohmoMÊ¶mgmR>r àË¶oH$ {Oëhm{Zhm¶

g‘wnXoeH$ Am{U {Oëhm {ejU d à{ejU

g§ñWoVrb g‘Ýd¶H$ ¶m§À¶m Zmdm§Mr ¶mXr, ’$moZ

Z§~a d B©-‘ob A°S´>oggh CnbãY H$ê$Z XoÊ¶mV

Ambr Amho. ho H$m¶© SCERT, nwUo H$m¶m©b¶m‘m’©$V

AmOVmJm¶mV gwê$M Amho. ‘hmH$[aAa {‘Ì A°n

S>mD$ZbmoS> H$ê$Z XhmdrMm ~¡R>H$ H«$‘m§H$ Q>mHy$Z

H$b Ahdmbmda {³bH$ H$ê$Z Ahdmb nmhVm ¶oVmo.

‘hmH$[aAa nmoQ>©b S>m°Q> H$m°‘da bm°{JZ hmoÊ¶mgmR>r

{dXçmWu gab Am¶. S>r. d nmgdS>© Q>mHy$Z ¶m nmoQ>©b‘Ü¶o

AgUmè¶m ‘m{hVrMm bm^ KoD$ eH$Vmo.

nmoQ>©bMr à‘wI d¡{eîQ>ço

13,728 emgH$s¶ d AZwXm{ZV emim§‘Yrb

37.9 bmI {dXçmWu ¶m H$[aAa nmoQ>©bMm Cn¶moJ

H$ê$ eH$Vrb.

àË¶oH$ {dXçmÏ¶m©Mm d¡¶p³VH$ S°>e~moS>© AgUma

Amho. àË¶oH$ {dXçmÏ¶m©Mm bm°J BZ ID hm doJim

AgyZ, Ë¶mÀ¶m gab ID Mm Cn¶moJ Ë¶mgmR>r

H$am¶Mm Amho. hm ID Ë¶mbm emio‘YyZ ghO

CnbãY hmoB©b. 123456 hm password gd©

{dXçmÏ¶mªgmR>r gmaImM Agob. ¶m à{H«$¶oVyZ

àË¶oH$ {dXçmÏ¶m©Mm ñdV§Ì S°>e~moS>© V¶ma hmoD$Z

7 Owb¡ : ^maV B{Vhmg g§emoYZ ‘§S>imMr ñWmnZm$ (1910)



{dXçmWu ñdV…À¶m H$[aAaÀ¶m dmQ>m ñdV§Ì[aË¶m emoYy eHo$b.

¶m nmoQ>©bda 555 ì¶mdgm{¶H$ Am{U H$m¡eë¶m{YpîR>V H$[aAaMr ñdV§ÌnUo ‘m{hVr CnbãY H$ê$Z {Xbr Amho. hr ‘m{hVr B§p½be Am{U ‘amR>r ¶m XmoÝhr ^mfoV CnbãY Amho.

¶m nmoQ>©bda 21,122 ‘hm{dXçmb¶o, ì¶mdgm{¶H$ g§ñWm ¶m§Mr ‘m{hVr CnbãY AgyZ ^maV d BVa 15 Xoem§Vrb 2.62 bmI Aä¶mgH«$‘m§Mr ‘m{hVr XoÊ¶mV Ambr Amho.

^maVmV {d{dY Aä¶mgH«$‘mgmR>r hmoUmè¶m 1127 àdoe narjm§Mr, àdoe narjoMr VmarI, AO© H$aÊ¶mMr à{H«$¶m, nmÌVm d {d{dY {ZH$f ¶m§gh g{dñVa ‘m{hVr doimodoir ¶m nmoQ>©bda CnbãY hmoUma Amho.

Am§VaamîQ´>r¶ d ^maVmVrb 1127 {eî¶d¥ËVt- ~X²XbMr {dñV¥V ‘m{hVr VgoM emgZ nwañH¥$V {d{dY emimñVar¶ ñnYm© narjm§Mr ‘m{hVr ¶m nmoQ>©bda CnbãY hmoD$ eHo$b.

qbJ g‘^mdmMo ‘yë¶ OnV ¶m nmoQ>©bda ‘wbo Am{U ‘wbtZm g‘mZ g§Yr XoUmè¶m Aä¶mgH«$‘m§Mr ‘m{hVr

XoÊ¶mV Ambr Amho.

gXa nmoQ>©b ho gd©g‘mdoeH$ AgyZ àË¶oH$ {dXçmÏ¶m©À¶m {deof j‘Vm bjmV KoD$Z Ë¶mÀ¶m H$[aAaÀ¶m dmQ>m {ZX}{eV H$aVo.

gXa nmoQ>©bMo gdmªV ‘moR>o d¡{eîQ>ç>> åhUOo ¶mV {Xboë¶m 555 H$[aAada H$mo{dS>-19 Mm H$m¶ n[aUm‘ Pmbm Amho VgoM H$mo{dS>-19 ‘wio {d{dY H$[aAa Am{U CXçmoJY§Xçm§Mr ^{dî¶mVrb pñWVr H$m¶ Amho ¶m§~X²Xb g{dñVa ‘m{hVr ¶mda CnbãY Amho.

{X. 27 ‘o nmgyZ AmVmn¶ªV hOmamo {dXçmÏ¶mªZr ¶m nmoQ>©bbm ôQ> {Xbobr Amho. gmo~V g§nyU© ‘hmamîQ´>mVrb hOmamo {dXçmÏ¶mªZr ¶m emgZmÀ¶m g‘wnXoeZ godoMm bm^ KoVbm Amho. g§nyU© ‘mJ©Xe©Z ’$moZdê$Z d BVa Am°ZbmB©ZÀ¶m ‘mÜ¶‘m§VyZ XoD$Z X¡Z§{XZ Ahdmb àË¶oH$ g‘wnXoeH$ JwJb ’$m°‘©‘Ü¶o ^ê$Z amoOÀ¶m amoO H$m¶m©b¶rZ doioV nmohmoMdrV AgVmo.

{dXçmÏ¶mªMo ^md{díd …gXç:pñWVrV narjm, narjoMm {ZH$mb, àdoe

à{H«$¶m Am{U Amamo½¶ B. ~m~VrV gme§H$Vm d AñnîQ>Vm AgyZ {dXçmÏ¶mªÀ¶m ‘ZmV H$[aAa~m~V ñnîQ>Vo{df¶r AZoH$ àíZ KmoiV AmhoV. ZwH$VrM Hw$‘mamdñWobm gwédmV Am{U hr Q>mio~§Xr. ¶m g§doXZerb H$mimV {dXçmÏ¶mªZm H$[aAa {Xem R>a{dVmZm ¶oUmar ‘w»¶ AS>MU åhUOo nmbH$m§À¶m Anojm, X~md, AmJ«h Am{U AmOy~mOyÀ¶m JmoîQ>tMo AZwH$aU. nmbH$m§Mm EHw$bVm EH$ nmë¶ Am{U nmbH$ A{V‘hËËdmH$m§jr; ¶m§VyZ {dXçmWu EH$bH$m|S>m Pmbobm {XgVmo.

¶oË¶m 10 dfmªV ‘o{S>H$b {’$ëS>bm à‘mUmnojm A{YH$ ‘hËËd Agob, ì¶dgm¶mMo ñdê$n Am°ZbmB©Z Pmbobo Agob. g§JUH$s¶ V§ÌkmZmMm à^md ‘mZdr

ì¶dgm¶mda Pmbobm AgyZ Kar amhÿZ H$m‘ H$aUo Agm XrK© n[aUm‘ ¶oË¶m H$mimV {XgyZ ¶oB©b. ‘mo~mB©bMm dmna, gVV OmJaUo, ¶m§‘wio S>moiçm§À¶m Am{U BVahr Amamo½¶mÀ¶m VH«$mar OmUdVrb.

nmbH$m§Zr Amnë¶m nmë¶m~m~V ^m{H$Vmda Zmhr Va dñVw{ñWVr ~KyZ {ZU©¶ KoUo Amdí¶H$ Amho. H$m¡eë¶m{YpîR>V Aä¶mgH«$‘ d joÌo VgoM AZoH$ Aä¶mgH«$‘m§Mr nmbH$ {dXçmÏ¶mªZm AmoiI H$ê$Z XoV ZmhrV Am{U Ë¶m§À¶m AmdS>rÀ¶m joÌm§n¶ªV nmohmoMy XoV ZmhrV. Amnë¶m ‘wbmÀ¶m ~m¡X²{YH$ j‘VoMm emoY KoD$Z, àË¶oH$mMr JVr doJir AgVo ¶mMm gmH$ë¶mZo {dMma

8 Owb¡ : Jmo. Zr. Xm§S>oH$a OÝ‘{XZ$ (1916)



H$aUo Amdí¶H$ Amho. H$m¡eë¶m{YpîR>V d ìhmoHo$eZb H$mog}g‘Ü¶o amoOJmamÀ¶m CËV‘ g§Yr AmhoV. nmbH$m§Zr nmë¶m§Zm {VWn¶ªV OmD$ XoÊ¶mMr ‘mZ{gH$Vm R>odm¶bm hdr.

nmbH$m§Zr ‘wbm§Zm ZwgVo dmT>{dÊ¶mnojm Ë¶m§À¶m {dH$mgmgmR>r Ë¶m§Zm ‘XV H$amdr. ‘yb ‘moR>o hmoV amhUma, g‘ñ¶oMo ñdê$n ~XbV amhUma åhUyZ g‘ñ¶oMr CH$b CXçmda T>H$byZ MmbUma Zmhr H$maU {dXçmWu Amnbo ì¶p³V‘ËËd, Amnbr AmoiI {Z‘m©U H$aÊ¶mH$[aVm ¶m d¶mV YS>nS> H$arV AgVmV.

{dídmgmZo ‘Z qOH$Vm ¶oVo Va AmË‘{dídmgmZo

OJ! ~m§Yboë¶m Xmoè¶m gmoSy>Z ~Km, ‘ZmVrb gmR>dyZ R>odboë¶m JmR>r gmoS>m, {ZIi IXIXÿZ hgm, Xþ…ImV gwI emoYm, "~ñg! ’$³V AmOMm {Xdg' Amnbo H$m¶© nyU© AmemdmXmZo H$am, ¶oUmam ZdrZ {Xdg Zdr C‘oX KoD$Z ¶oV AgVmo. Á¶m§Mr ^mfm, {dMma gH$mamË‘H$ Vo g‘ñ¶m MwQ>H$sgaer gmoS>{dVmV. OrdZ gw§Xa Amho. OÝ‘mMo gmW©H$ H$aUo ho Á¶mÀ¶m Ë¶mÀ¶m hmVmV Amho! Amnë¶m ì¶p³V‘ËËdmVrb "ñd' Mr OmU, "ñd-‘V', gH$mamË‘H$Vm, AmË‘narjU, N>§X OmonmgUo, BË¶mXr n¡by§H$S>o OmUrdnyd©H$ bj Xçm.

(n¥îR> H«$. 13 dê$Z)

Am{U b¶ ho H$m¶© Jwê$ H$arV AgVmo. kmZmO©ZmgmR>r bmJUmar {Okmgm, ‘mZ{gH$ V¶mar Jwê$ H$ê$Z KoVmo. {‘imbobo kmZ gwì¶dpñWV amIÊ¶mMr Am{U ¶mo½¶ doir Ë¶mMo Cn¶moOZ H$aÊ¶mMr g§Yr Jwê$ {dXçmÏ¶m©bm {‘idyZ XoVmo. AkmZê$nr A§YH$mamMm Zme H$aÊ¶mMo H$m¶©hr Jwê$M H$aVmo. ‘mJ©Xe©ZmMo H$m¶© Jwê$ H$arV AgVmo. Jwê$bm àg§JmZwê$n ‘mVm, {nVm, ~§Yy, gIm ¶m ^y{‘H$m nma nmS>mì¶m bmJVmV. H$Yr ào‘i Va H$Yr H$R>moahr ìhmdo bmJVo, nU Ë¶mÀ¶m ‘ZmV Amnë¶m {eî¶mMo ^bo ìhmdo hrM Vi‘i AgVo.

Jwê$ åhQ>bo H$s, Amnë¶mg‘moa OmUH$ma, AZw^dr, d¶ñH$a Aem ì¶³Vr§Mo {MÌ Cô amhVo, nU AmVm ‘mÌ, AmOÀ¶m AË¶§V àJV V§ÌkmZmÀ¶m ¶wJmV "Jwê$' eãXmMr ì¶m»¶mM ~Xbbr. AmO Zì¶m VéU {nT>rOdi V§ÌkmZ OmñV AgVo Am{U Ë¶m§À¶mH$Sy>Z OwÝ¶m {nT>rbm {eH$mdo bmJVo! AmOr-AmOmo~m§Zm ‘mo~mB©b H$gm dmnam¶Mm ho

ZmV-ZmVy {eH${dVmV; ¶mMm AW© Jwê§$À¶m d¶mH$S>o Z nmhVm kmZmH$S>o nhmdo.

Jwê$ åhUOo ì¶³VrM Agmdr hr YmaUmhr AmnU ~Xbm¶bm hdr H$maU ¶m g¥îQ>rVrb àË¶oH$ JmoîQ> Amnë¶mbm H$mhr Var {eH$dyZ OmV AgVo åhUyZM JmS>Jo ‘hmamO åhUVmV, "{ZgJ© ‘mPm Jwê$ Amho.' Am¶wî¶mÀ¶m H$moUË¶m Q>ßß¶mda Amnë¶mbm H$moU ‘mJ©Xe©Z H$aob ho gm§JVm ¶oV Zmhr, Ago àË¶oH$ ‘mJ©Xe©H$ Amnbo Jwê$M

AmhoV.

àË¶oH$ {ejH$mZo Am¶wî¶â {dXçmWu ahmdo Am{U {H$‘mZ gmZo JwéOtMo "í¶m‘Mr AmB©', "VmoËVmoMmZ' Am{U "A~«mh‘ qbH$Z ¶m§Mo hoS>‘mñVam§g nÌ' dmMbobo Agmdo hr Anojm ì¶³V H$ê$Z ‘mÂ¶m kmV, AkmV Jwê§$Zm ‘Z:nyd©H$ d§XZ H$aVo.

9 Owb¡ : H${dd¶© ~m. ^. ~moaH$a ñ‘¥{V{XZ$ (1984)



H$mimZwgma àË¶oH$ JmoîQ>rV ~Xb KS>V AgVmo. {ejUà{H«$¶oV XoIrb ZdZdrZ ~Xb AZw^dm¶bm {‘iVmV. {ejUmZo Zoh‘rM dmñVdmMo ^mZ R>odV ^{dî¶mMm doY KoVbm Amho. g§doXZerb, {ddoH${ZîR>> ì¶³Vr Am{U g‘mO{Z{‘©Vr hm {ejUmMm CX²Xoe. ¶m CX²XoemÀ¶m nyVugmR>r {ejUà{H«$¶oV gmVË¶mZo ~Xb Ho$bo OmVmV. ZdrZ nX²YVr, Aä¶mgH«$‘, nmR>çH«$‘, nmR>çnwñVHo$ ho ~Xb nobÊ¶mgmR>r {gX²Y Ho$br OmVmV.

{ejUà{H«$¶oVrb gmVË¶mZo hmoUmè¶m ~Xbm§Mm Ano{jV n[aUm‘ gmYm¶Mm Agob Va ¶m à{H«$¶oVrb ‘hËËdmMm KQ>H$ AgUmè¶m {ejH$m§Zm XoIrb ¶m ZmdrÝ¶mMm ñdrH$ma H$arV dmñVdmMo ^mZ R>odyZ ^{dî¶mMm doY ¿¶mdm bmJob. {ejU à{H«$¶oVrb ¶m Zì¶m Am¶m‘m§er ñdV…bm OmoS>mdo bmJob. {ejH$mZo gVV à¶moJerb Am{U CnH«$‘erb amhÿZ ñdV…bm ¶m AmYw{ZH$Voer OmoS>m¶bm hdo. Agm {ejH$ hr H$mimMr JaO R>aUma Amho.

ZdrZ JmoîQ>> hmVr KoUo, H$Yr OwZrM JmoîQ> Zì¶m nX²YVrZo H$aUo, OwÝ¶m JmoîQ>rbm Zdo g§X^© OmoSy>Z Vr

AXç¶mdV H$aUo ¶m gdmªX²dmao g‘ñ¶m§Mo {ZamH$aU H$aUo, {M{H$ËgH$ d gO©ZmË‘H$ {dMma H$aUo Am{U Amnë¶m {dXçmÏ¶mªZm Ë¶mgmR>r gj‘ ~Z{dUo Aer AmìhmZmË‘H$ H$m‘o BWyZ nwT>o {ejH$m§Zm H$amdr bmJUma AmhoV; Ë¶m{edm¶ Ano{jV Ü¶o¶ JmR>Uo AeŠ¶ Amho. {dXçmWu JwUdËVmdmT>rgmR>r à¶ËZ H$aUmam, A{^ì¶³Vr {dH$gZmgmR>r à¶moJerb, ‘yë¶dY©ZmgmR>r CnH«$‘erb AgUmam, ñdV…hÿZ O~m~Xmar KoUmam Am{U Zì¶m ~Xbm§Zm gH$mamË‘H$ ‘mZ{gH$VoZo gm‘moao OmUmam {ejH$M {ejU à{H«$¶oMm EH$ ‘hËËdmMm KQ>H$ R>aUma Amho. ¶mgmR>r gd©àW‘ {ejUmVrb MmH$moar~X²Y nX²YVr ~Xbmdr bmJob, ‘wbm§Zm {eH${dÊ¶mÀ¶m nX²YVr ~Xbmì¶m bmJVrb Am{U ‘w»¶ åhUOo H$m¶ Am{U H$emgmR>r {eH$dm¶Mo ho {ejH$m§Zm ñdV…bm g‘OyZ ¿¶mdo bmJob. Amnë¶m nma§n[aH$ {ejU nX²YVrV AmnU Ë¶m§Zm Oo {ejU XoV AmhmoV Vo H$mbgwg§JV Amho H$m ¶mMm {dMma H$amdm bmJob Am{U Ë¶mZwgma Aä¶mgH«$‘mV ~Xb H$amdo bmJVrb. AmOda {ejU H$emgmR>r, Va ZmoH$ar {‘i{dÊ¶mgmR>r AerM ‘mZ{gH$Vm gdmªMr {XgyZ ¶oV Amho, nU AmO Or ‘wbo nmMì¶m B¶ËVoV {ejU KoV AmhoV Ë¶m§Zm AOyZ n§Yam dfmªZ§Va H$moUË¶m àH$maÀ¶m ZmoH$è¶m H$amì¶m bmJUma AmhoV, Á¶m H$Xm{MV AmO ApñVËdmV XoIrb ZgVrb. ‘J {ejU ’$³V ZmoH$ar {‘i{dÊ¶mMo EH$ gmYZ Ago AmVm AgUma Zmhr, ho {dXçmWu d nmbH$m§Zm nQ>dyZ XoÊ¶mgmR>r Am{U

AmB©Mr OmJm Oer H$moUr KoD$ eH$V Zmhr, VX²dVM [ejH$mMr OmJmhr H$moUr KoD$ eH$V Zmhr. AÜ¶mnZmÀ¶m nX²YVr ~Xbë¶m, Am°ZbmB©Z [ejU gwê$ Pmbo Var JwéOtZm n¶m©¶ Zmhr. AWm©V ~XbË¶m H$mimZwgma V§ÌkmZmZo Pmboë¶m ~Xbm§Zwgma Ë¶m§Zr AnS>oQ> ahm¶bm hdo ho {dgê$Z MmbUma Zmhr; ¶m{df¶r...

Zdo ~Xb Zdo {ejUS>m°. d¡embr OhmJraXma

Á¶oîR A{Yì¶m»¶mVm, {Oëhm {ejU d à{ejU g§ñWm, OmbZm > ^«‘UÜdZr … 8208744190

(n¥îR> H«$. 24 da)

11 Owb¡ : OmJ{VH$ bmoH$g§»¶m {dñ’$moQ> {XZ



12 Owb¡ : nmZeoV YaU ’w$Q>ë¶mZo nwÊ¶mV ‘hmàb¶$ (1961)



13 Owb¡ : ~mOrà^y Xoenm§S>o ñ‘¥{V{XZ$ (1660)



^{dî¶mVrb Aem AmìhmZm§Zm gm‘moao OmÊ¶mgmR>r {dXçmÏ¶mªZm gj‘ ~Z{dÊ¶mMo H$m‘ {ejH$m§Zm H$amdo bmJUma Amho.

H$mo{dS>-19 Am{U bm°H$S>mD$ZÀ¶m ¶m H$mimV OJâmVrb {dXçmWu emioVrb Am§Va{H«$¶mË‘H$ {ejUmnmgyZ Xÿa AmhoV. ¶m‘wio {ejUà{H«$¶oV ì¶mnH$ ~Xb hmoV AmhoV. emioMr doi, {dXçmWu g§»¶m, {df¶m§Mr g§»¶m, AÜ¶¶Z-AÜ¶mnZ nX²YVr, ‘yë¶‘mnZ, narjm§Mo ñdê$n, Am°ZbmBZ {ejH$-{ejU, gmoeb {S>ñQ>ZqgJ, {’${OH$b {S>ñQ>ZqgJ ¶m gmè¶m§‘wio n[aKmV AZoH$ ~Xb hmoD$ KmVbo AmhoV.

Á¶oîR> emñÌk aKwZmW ‘meobH$a ¶m§Zr {ejUmMm g§~§Y ^{dî¶mer OmoS>VmZm E ~amo~a F åhUOo {ejU ~amo~a ^{dî¶ ho gyÌ ‘m§S>bo, Va ‘hmË‘m Jm§YtZr 3H (h°ÝS>, hoS> Am{U hmQ>©) Mm {dH$mg åhUOo {ejU ho gyÌ gm§{JVbo hmoVo. g‘mZVoda AmYm[aV {ddoH${ZîR>> Am{U g§doXZerb g‘mO {Z{‘©VrgmR>r ì¶³VrMr ^md{ZH$, emar[aH$, ‘mZ{gH$ d gm‘m{OH$ OS>UKS>U ho {ejUmMo ‘w»¶ Ü¶o¶ am{hbo Amho. H$moR>mar Am¶moJmZo Va åhQ>bo Amho H$s, ^maVmMo ^{dVì¶ emim§À¶m dJm©dJm©VyZ KS>Vo Amho na§Vw ¶m H$moamoZmÀ¶m H$mimV ‘mÌ nydugmaIo àË¶j dJ© Imoë¶m§V KS>Umao {ejU gÜ¶m Var AgobM Ago Zmhr. {dXçmWu dJm©~mhoa AgUma AmhoV Am{U åhUyZ b{ZªJ ’«$m°‘ hmo‘, B©-ñHy$qbJ ‘hËËdmMo R>aUma Amho. ¶mgmR>r XÿañW {ejU, ‘w³V {ejU ¶m§Mm ñdrH$ma H$amdm bmJob. Xrjm A°n, Am°ZbmBZ b{ZªJ, Am°{S>Amo, pìh{S>Amo ‘mÜ¶‘o, ao{S>Amo Am{U Xÿa{MÌdmUr ¶m§Mm dmna H$aÊ¶mMo à¶ËZ emgZ ñVamda gwê$ AmhoV. gÜ¶m {ejH$, nmbH$, {dXçmWu ¶m§Mo ìhmQ²>gA°n J«wnX²dmao ‘m{hVrMo AmXmZ-àXmZ gwê$ Amho. AWm©V {ejUmMm hoVy ’$³V

‘m{hVr nmohmoM{dUo qH$dm Aä¶mgH«$‘ {eH${dUo BVH$mM ZgyZ ì¶dgm¶m{^‘wI {ejU, ‘yë¶g§ñH$m[aV {nT>r, ZoV¥Ëd {dH$gZ Am{U OrdZ H$m¡eë¶m§Mm ñdrH$ma ho AmOÀ¶m B§Q>aZoQ> Am{U V§ÌkmZmÀ¶m ¶wJmVhr ‘hËËdmMo R>aUma Amho.

AmOda AmnU MmH$moar~X²Y arVrZo B¶ËVm, dJ©, VwH$S>çm, AmH¥${V~§Y, nmR>çKQ>H$ Am{U ‘yë¶‘mnZ ¶m§MmM {dMma H$arV AmhmoV, nU ^{dî¶mV ‘mÌ gdmªZmM {H$Vr Var doJdoJiçm {df¶m§Zm gm‘moao Omdo bmJUma Amho; (CXm. amo~mo{Q>Šg, {S>PmñQ>a, ‘°ZoO‘|Q>) åhUOo ‘wbo AmO Oo {eH$VmV Ë¶mnojm Iyn doJiçm {df¶m§Zm Am{U AmìhmZm§Zm Ë¶m§Zm gm‘moao Omdo bmJUma Amho. Ë¶mgmR>r g§emoYZ, MmH$moar gmoSy>Z doJiçm {df¶m§Mr g§aMZm ‘hËËdmMr R>aUma Amho. Ogo, {ejUmV ì¶dñWmnZ emñÌ Va ‘o{S>H$bÀ¶m {dXçmÏ¶mªZm Am¶. Q>r. {eH$mdo bmJUma Amho. hoM {ejU Zì¶m {dMmam§Mr {Xem XmI{dUmao, Zd{Z{‘©Vr H$ê$ eH$Umao Am{U g§emoYZ {gX²Y R>aUma Amho.

¶m Aä¶mgH«$‘mbm Zì¶m ì¶mdgm{¶H$ Aä¶mg-H«$‘mMr, gm°âQ> pñH$bMr OmoS> Xçmdr bmJUma Amho. g‘ñ¶m§Mo {ZamH$aU, g§dmX H$m¡eë¶, ZoV¥ËdJwU,

gm‘m{OH$, ^md{ZH$, emar[aH$, ~m¡X²{YH$$ H$m¡eë¶m§Mm {dH$mg ¶m§da â XoUmao {df¶ Aä¶mgH«$‘mV AmUmdo bmJVrb. ¶mVyZ {M{H$ËgH$ Am{U gO©Zerb {dMma H$ê$ eH$Umar gj‘ Zdr {nT>r KS>{dVm ¶oB©b.

{dXçmÏ¶mª‘Ü¶o {H«${Q>H$b qWqH$J, H$mob°~aoeZ, H$å¶w{ZHo$eZ Am{U {H«$E{Q>pìhQ>r ¶m Mma C Mm {dH$mg H$aUo ho {ejH$ Am{U {ejU joÌmnwT>rb ‘w»¶ AmìhmZ AgUma Amho. n{hbm C åhUOo {H«${Q>H$b qWqH$J.{dXçmÏ¶mªZm OrdZ OJVmZm ¶oUmè¶m {d{dY g‘ñ¶m§Mm gm‘Zm gj‘VoZo H$aVm ¶mdm ¶mgmR>r Ë¶m§À¶m‘Ü¶o d¡¶p³VH$ qH$dm JQ>mV H$mhr H$mën{ZH$ g‘ñ¶m§da

(n¥îR> H«$. 21 dê$Z)

14 Owb¡ : Jmonmi JUoe AmJaH$a OÝ‘{XZ$ (1856)



ñdV… ñdV§ÌnUo {dMma H$ê$Z Cnm¶ emoYÊ¶mMr gd¶ éOdmdr bmJob. ¶m‘wio Am¶wî¶mV AmH$pñ‘H$ nwT>o Cä¶m R>mH$Umè¶m g§H$Q>m‘wio Vr {dM{bV Z hmoVm Ë¶mda ghO ‘mV H$ê$ eH$Vrb Am{U AmË‘hË¶ogma»¶m KQ>Zm Q>miVm ¶oVrb.

Xþgam C åhUOo H$mob°~aoeZ åhUOo g§KQ>Z, Q>r‘dH©$! ¶mgmR>r ho CËV‘ CXmhaU R>ê$ eH$Vo. ‘¡XmZr Ioi gdmªÀ¶m ghH$m¶m©Zo, EH$ {dMmamZo H$moUVohr Ü¶o¶ ghO gmÜ¶ hmoVo, ho ‘¡XmZr Ioi ‘wbm§Zm {eH${dVmV. H$moUVrhr g‘ñ¶m gmoS>{dVmZm ghH$mar, {‘Ì, n[adma ¶m§Vrb AZoH$m§À¶m j‘Vm§Mm gw¶mo½¶ dmna H$ê$Z KoÊ¶mMo H$m¡eë¶ {dXçmÏ¶mª‘Ü¶o {dH${gV Ho$ë¶mg Ë¶m§À¶mVrb ZoV¥ËdJwUmMm {dH$mg Va hmoB©bM, nU gm‘m{OH$ gbmoIm, g§KQ>Z, ghH$m¶© ^mdZm ho JwUhr {dH${gV hmoVrb; Oo Ë¶m§Zm ^{dî¶mV Cn¶w³V R>aVrb.

{Vgam C åhUOo H$å¶w{ZHo$eZ. AmOÀ¶m Om{hamVrÀ¶m ¶wJmV ho H$m¡eë¶ {H$Vr ‘hËËdmMo Amho ho AmnU gd© OmUVmoM. ¶mo½¶ doir ¶mo½¶ g§dmX gmYë¶mg AZoH$ àíZm§Mo {ZamH$aU hmoVo. ‘wbm§Mm nmbH$m§er, {ejH$m§er gw¶mo½¶ g§dmX hmoV Zgob Va AZoH$ g‘ñ¶m {Z‘m©U hmoVmV Am{U Ë¶mVyZ ‘wbo A{dMmamZo doJiçm dmQ>oda OmD$ eH$VmV åhUyZ Ë¶m§Zm ì¶³V hmoÊ¶mMo, àíZ {dMmaÊ¶mMo ñdmV§Í¶ Xçm¶bm hdo.

Mm¡Wm C åhUOo {H«$E{Q>pìhQ>r åhUOo gO©ZerbVm. ^{dî¶mV ‘wbm§À¶m ’$³V ‘mH$mªÀ¶m hþemarnojm åhUOo ~wÜ¶§H$mnojm, Ë¶m§Mm ^md{ZH$ {dH$mg, gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg Am{U gO©Zerb {dH$mg ho OmñV ‘hËËdmMo AgUma AmhoV åhUyZ {dXçmÏ¶mª‘Yrb gO©ZerbVobm nmofH$ dmVmdaU {Z‘m©U H$aUmè¶m emim Am{U {ejH$ ¶m§Mo ‘hËËd dmT>Uma Amho. Ë¶mgmR>r Ë¶m§Zm dJm©V H$m|Sy>Z Z R>odVm Ë¶m§À¶mVrb gO©ZerbVm ‘J Vr {MÌH$bm,

boIZ, Jm¶Z, Z¥Ë¶, A{^Z¶, d³V¥Ëd Aem H$moUË¶mhr joÌmVrb Agmo, Vr AmoiIyZ {VMm {dH$mg H$gm H$amdm ¶m~m~V {ejH$m§Zm {dXçmWu d Ë¶mÀ¶m nmbH$m§Mo ‘mJ©Xe©H$ ìhmdo bmJUma Amho. ho gmao {dî¶mVrb gOJ ZmJ[aH$ Am{U CËV‘ g‘mO {Z{‘©VrgmR>r AË¶mdí¶H$ AgUma Amho. ¶mgmR>r {ejH$mBVH$m à^mdr KQ>H$ Xþgam AgUma Zmhr. Oo H¥$îU‘yVu, {dZmo~m mdo ¶m§Zr Amnë¶m {ejU{df¶H$ qMVZmVyZ hoM nydu gm§JyZ R>odbo Amho.AmVm {ejH$mMr y{‘H$m ISy>, ’$im Am{U nmR>çnwñVHo$ ¶m§nwaVr ‘¶m©{XV Z amhVm AmVm Vmo Iè¶m AWm©Zo Ë¶mÀ¶m {dXçmÏ¶mªÀ¶m OrdZmMm {eënH$ma R>aUma Amho!

Ago Pmbo VaM ^maV hm EH${dgmì¶m eVH$mVrb ‘hmgËVm hmoÊ¶mgmo~VM ‘hmZ amîQ´> åhUyZ CX¶mg ¶oD$ eHo$b. åhUyZM H$moamoZmgmo~V Am{U Ë¶mZ§VaÀ¶m H$mbI§S>mV hmoD$ KmVboë¶m ~Xbm§À¶m nmíd©^y‘rda ~XbË¶m {ejH$mbm gXmMma, gX²dV©Z, gX²^mdZm, gh¶moJ, ghH$m¶©, g§àofU Am{U gO©ZmË‘H$Vm ¶m§Mm A§JrH$ma H$arV nwT>o Omdo bmJUma Amho. H$ënH$, Mm¡H$Q>r~mhoaMm {dMma H$aUmè¶m Am{U CËgmhr {ejH$m§Zm CÁÁdb {dVì¶ AgUma Amho. {eH${dÊ¶mnojm {eH$Uo ‘hËËdmMo ‘mZV Omo AnS>oQ> hmoB©b Vmo {Q>Hy$Z amhrb Ago AmOMo dV©‘mZ gm§JVo Amho.

{ejH$ ñdV…bm Am{U Amnë¶m {dXçmÏ¶mªZm Zoh‘rM ^{dî¶mVrb AmìhmZm§Mm gm‘Zm H$aÊ¶mgmR>r gÁO H$arV AgVmo; AJXr Amnbr àmMrZ JwéHw$b na§nam Vo AmOMo B©-b{ZªJ ¶mMr gmj XoVmV. Ago gH$mamË‘H$ CËH«$m§V hmoVmZm AmOÀ¶m ¶m g§H«$‘U H$mimV hOmamo Z{MHo$V Amnbr dmQ> nmhV AmhoV. Ë¶m§Zm ¶mo½¶ ‘mJ©Xe©Z H$arVM Ë¶m§À¶m {ejUmMr d OJÊ¶mMr dmQ> gwH$a H$aÊ¶mMo H$m‘ Amnë¶mH$Sy>Z Z³H$sM hmoB©b hm {dídmg dmQ>Vmo!

15 Owb¡ : Zmam¶U lrnmX amOh§g D$’©$ ~mbJ§Yd© ñ‘¥{V{XZ$ (1967)



~wX²Yr hr Aer ‘mZ{gH$ e³Vr Amho H$s, Ë¶m‘Ü¶o gd© ‘yb^yV ‘mZ{gH$ à{H«$¶m§Mm g‘mdoe hmoVmo. ¶m à{H«$¶m§À¶m Am{dîH$mambm g§Yr {‘imbr, Va ~wX²YrMm {dH$mg hmoV OmVmo. ~wX²Yr {dH$mgmV g§doXZobm Iyn ‘hËËd Amho. g§doXZ hm ~wX²Yr {dH$mgmMm n{hbm Am{dîH$ma Amho. ~wX²Yr {dH$mgmV ñ‘aU à{H«$¶m A{Ve¶ ‘hËËdmMr Amho. ~wX²Yr‘wio AZw^d d kmZmVyZ ì¶³Vrbm àíZ gmoS>{dUo eŠ¶ hmoVo.

ñnY}À¶m ¶wJmV ì¶³VrÀ¶m OrdZmV AZoH$ VmUVUmdmMo àg§J ¶oVmV. g‘ñ¶m Cä¶m amhVmV. Ë¶m gmoS>{dÊ¶mgmR>r ñd-g‘m¶moOZmMr j‘Vm A§Jr Agmdr bmJVo Am{U hr j‘Vm "^md{ZH$ ~wX²{Y‘ËVo‘wio ¶oVo.'

AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ ~wX²{Y‘ËVm :hr g§H$ënZm gd©àW‘ Omoha d ‘me©b ¶m§Zr

‘m§S>br. Ë¶m§À¶m ‘Vo "^md{ZH$ ~wX²{Y‘ËVm d e¡j{UH$ ~wX²{Y‘ËVm ¶m XmoÝhr j‘Vm§Mm g‘Ýd¶ AgUmar

~wX²{Y‘ËVm åhUOo AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ ~wX²{Y‘ËVm hmo¶.' hr ì¶³VrÀ¶m OrdZmV ¶oUmè¶m g‘ñ¶m Xÿa H$aÊ¶mgmR>r Cn¶w³V R>aVo. AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ ~wX²{Y‘ËVm hr ì¶³Vrbm g‘m¶moOZ H$aÊ¶mgmR>r VgoM AmË‘{dídmg dmT>Ê¶mgmR>r, ghH$m¶m©Mr mdZm {dH${gV H$aÊ¶mgmR>r ‘XV H$aVo. AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ ~wX²{Y‘ËVm hmM gwÑT> g‘mO OrdZmMm nm¶m Amho. Cindy Wigglesworth ¶m§À¶m ‘Vo "AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ ~wX²{Y‘ËVm åhUOo A§VJ©V d ~mhç em§VVm amIÊ¶mgmR>r dñVwpñWVrMr ndm© Z H$aVm X¶m Am{U ehmUnUmZo dmJÊ¶mMr j‘Vm hmo¶.'

Spiritual Intelligence is the ability to

behave with compassion and wisdom while

maintaining inner and outer peace regardless of

the circumstances.

WmoS>Š¶mV, gmamgma {dMma H$ê$Z ¶mo½¶ {ZU©¶ KoUo åhUOo AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ ~wX²{Y‘ËVm hmo¶.

~wX²Ü¶§H$ (IQ), ^md{ZH$ ~wX²Ü¶§H$ (EQ) d AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ ~wX²Ü¶§H$ (SQ) ¶m§Mo AÜ¶¶Z-AÜ¶mnZ à{H«$¶oVrb Cn¶moOZ.

~wX²{Y‘ËVoMo AÜ¶¶Z-AÜ¶mnZmVrb Cn¶moOZ :~wX²{Y‘ËVoV {d{dY j‘Vm A§V y©V AmhoV. Ë¶m

j‘Vm åhUOo AÜ¶¶Z j‘Vm, A‘yV© {dMma j‘Vm, g‘ñ¶m {ZamH$aU j‘Vm, ZdrZ n[apñWVrer OwidyZ KoÊ¶mMr j‘Vm, {ZU©¶ j‘Vm, VH©$ H$aÊ¶mMr j‘Vm BË¶mXr. AÜ¶¶ZmWvZr ({dXçmÏ¶mªZr) ¶m j‘Vm§Mm nyU©nUo Cn¶moJ Ho$bm Va Ë¶m§Mr gO©ZerbVm, emoYH$

""^md{ZH$ ~wX²{Y‘ËVm d e¡j{UH$ ~wX²{Y‘ËVm ¶m XmoÝhr j‘Vm§Mm g‘Ýd¶ AgUmar ~wX²{Y‘ËVm åhUOo AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ ~wX²{Y‘ËVm hmo¶.'' AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ ~wX²{Y‘ËVm hmM gwÑT> g‘mO OrdZmMm nm¶m Amho. AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ ~wX²{Y‘ËVoÀ¶m {dH$mgmgmR>r àË¶j H¥$Vr d gamd ‘hËËdmMm Amho. AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ ÑîQ>r hr BVam§‘Ü¶o ’$³V CËH¥$îQ>> (Only best) nmhVo. Ë¶m‘wio BVam§Zm CËH¥$îQ>VoMm {dH$mg H$aÊ¶mgmR>r e³Vr {‘iVo. BVam§H$S>o nmhÊ¶mMr hr ÑîQ>r {dXçmÏ¶mªZm {eH${dbr Jobr, Va CËH¥$îQ> JwUdËVoMr D$Om© Ë¶m§À¶mV {Z‘m©U hmoB©b.

S>m°. g§{JVm ‘hmOZ

A{Yì¶m»¶mVm, àmXo{eH$ {dXçm àm{YH$aU, Zm{eH$.

~wX²{Y‘ËVm ^md

15 Owb¡ : S>m°. {MÌm ZmB©H$ OÝ‘{XZ$ (1918)



d¥ËVr, H$ënZme³Vr, ZoV¥Ëd j‘Vm, ^m{fH$ {dH$mg CËV‘ àH$mao hmoB©b. A‘yV© qMVZ H$aÊ¶mMo gm‘Ï¶© ~wX²Yr‘wio àmßV hmoVo. AÜ¶¶ZH$Ë¶m©bm A‘yV© g§H$ënZm ñnîQ> hmoÊ¶mgmR>r {ejH$m§Zr {MÌm§Mm, àË¶j dñVy§Mm, à{VH¥$VtMm dmna AÜ¶mnZmV Ho$bm nm{hOo. "~wX²Yr åhUOo kmZ d H$m¡eë¶ g§nmXZ H$aÊ¶mV H$m¶©aV Agbobr ‘mZ{gH$ j‘Vm hmo¶.' ¶m j‘Vo‘wioM ldU, dmMZ, boIZH$m¡eë¶ AÜ¶¶ZH$Ë¶m©bm AdJV hmoVmV. ~wX²YrÀ¶m Omoamda Vmo kmZ àmßV H$ê$ eH$Vmo. Intelligence in action becomes wisdom. ~wX²{Y‘ËVm {Za{Zamiçm àg§Jr dmnabr OmVo. Vr H¥$VrV CVabr H$s, {VMo ê$nm§Va ehmUnUm qH$dm hþemarV hmoVo. AÜ¶¶ZH$Ë¶m©bm gVV {H«$¶merb R>odbo nm{hOo. Om°Z S>çwB©Mo VËËd "Learning by Doing" AÜ¶mnZmV Cn¶w³V R>aVo.

^mdZm§H$mMo AÜ¶¶Z-AÜ¶mnZmVrb Cn¶moOZ : ^md{ZH$ ~wX²{Y‘ËVm {ejUmgmR>r Cn¶w³V Amho.

A§VJ©V d ~mhç g‘ñ¶m gmoS>{dÊ¶mgmR>r hr ~wX²{Y‘ËVm Cn¶moJr R>aVo. àJVr H$aÊ¶mgmR>r, {d{dY H$m¡eë¶o AmË‘gmV H$aÊ¶mgmR>r, CÀM g§nmXUwH$sgmR>r mdZm§H$ ‘hËËdmMm R>aVmo. emio‘Ü¶o goë’$ Q>m°H$ (Self talk) Mo Am¶moOZ H$ê$Z {dXçmÏ¶mªZm Oo Oo ~mobm¶bm AmdS>Vo Vo ~moby Xçmdo. embo¶ d d¡¶p³VH$ g‘ñ¶m§da MMm©gÌ Am¶mo{OV H$amdo. emioV ^md^mdZm àH$Q> H$aUmao àg§J, {MÌo, CX²Jma dmŠ¶o, ì¶§J{MÌo, H$mÌUo ¶m§Mo àXe©Z Am¶mo{OV H$amdo. ì¶m¶m‘, Ioim§Mo Vmg AmdOy©Z Aä¶mgH«$‘mV R>odmdoV, Ë¶m‘wio ^mdZm§Mo CÝZ¶Z hmoÊ¶mg ‘XV hmoVo. ghbr, {e{~ao Ago CnH«$‘ Am¶mo{OV H$amdoV. ‘wbm§Zm n[apñWVrer OwidyZ KoÊ¶mg ¶mMr ‘XV hmoVo. emioV {Z~§YdmMZ, MMm©, ZmQ>çrH$aU, H$WmH$WZ, {MÌnQ>m§da MMm©, d¥ËVnÌm§Vrb ~mVå¶m§da MMm© Ago CnH«$‘ Am¶mo{OV H$amdoV. ¶mVyZ ‘wbm§Zm {d{dY mdZm§À¶m AmYmao {dMma H$aÊ¶mg àd¥ËV H$aVm ¶oVo. Hw$Qw>§~mVrb, g‘mOmVrb ì¶³VtZr Ho$boë¶m

ñdmW©Ë¶mJmMr ‘m{hVr {‘i{dÊ¶mgmR>r Ë¶m§Zm CXçw³V H$amdo. ¶m g§X^m©V ì¶m»¶mZm§Mo Am¶moOZ H$amdo. M[aÌmË‘H$ nwñVHo$ CnbãY H$ê$Z XçmdrV. ‘wbm§‘Ü¶o ZoV¥Ëd {dH$mg hmoÊ¶mgmR>r à¶ËZ H$amdoV. AÜ¶mnZ nX²YVrV {d{dYVm Agmdr. CXmhaUmW© : y{‘H$mnmbZ nX²YVr, g‘ñ¶m {ZamH$aU nX²YVr, H$WZ nX²YVr, ZmQ>çrH$aU, JQ>MMm©, ghb, joÌôQ>, àXe©Z, ‘wbmIV, gd}jU BË¶mXr.

AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ ~wX²Ü¶§H$mMo AÜ¶¶Z-AÜ¶mnZ à{H«$¶oVrb Cn¶moOZ :

ñdH$‘© {ZîR>mnyd©H$ H$aÊ¶mMr j‘Vm åhUOo AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ ~wX²{Y‘ËVm hmo¶. {ejUmÀ¶m ‘mÜ¶‘mVyZ emar[aH$, ~m¡X²{YH$, ^md{ZH$ {dH$mg hmoVmo. ì¶³VtZm ‘mJ©Xe©Z H$aÊ¶mMo H$m¶© {ejU H$arV AgVo. ì¶³VrÀ¶m d g‘mOmÀ¶m H$ë¶mUmgmR>r kmZ¶moJ, ^p³V¶moJ, H$‘©¶moJ, VËËdkmZmMo {ejU Amdí¶H$ Amho. ho VËËdkmZ AmË‘gmV H$aÊ¶mMm EH$‘od ‘mJ© åhUOo AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ ~wX²{Y‘ËVoMm {dH$mg {ejUmX²dmao H$aUo hmo¶. AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ ~wX²{Y‘ËVm ho OrdZmÀ¶m gdmªJmMo {ddoMZ H$aUmao VËËdkmZ Amho. d¡km{ZH$, Am¡Xçmo{JH$ H«$m§VrVyZ AZoH$ g‘ñ¶m {Z‘m©U Pmë¶m AmhoV. Cn^moJ àYmZ dmgZm§Mm d bmbgm§Mm OrdZmV A{VaoH$ Pmbm Amho. ‘mZd hm Aem§V d Ag‘mYmZr Amho. ¶mVyZ ‘mZdOmVrMr gwQ>H$m H$aÊ¶mgmR>r AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ ~wX²{Y‘ËVm Cn¶moJr R>aVo. {ejU hm g‘mO {dH$mgmMm nm¶m Amho. {ejUm‘wioM AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ ~wX²{Y‘ËVm {Z‘m©U hmoD$Z g‘mO ¶mo½¶ {XeoZo dmQ>Mmb H$ê$ eH$Vmo. AmÜ¶mË‘mMr Iar OmU {ejH$ {dXçmÏ¶mª‘Ü¶o {Z‘m©U H$ê$ eH$Vmo. ¶m‘wio mdr {nT>r hr gwÑT> ì¶p³V‘ËËdmMr {Z‘m©U hmoD$Z g‘mO d amîQ´> {dH$mgmÀ¶m H$m¶m©V hmV^ma bmJob. {dXçmÏ¶mªZm AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ ~wX²{Y‘ËVoMo ‘hËËd g‘OÊ¶mgmR>r ì¶m»¶mZo, MMm©gÌo, H$m¶©emim§Mo Am¶moOZ Ho$bo nm{hOo.

(n¥îR> H«$. 32 da)

16 Owb¡ : Am°{bpånH$‘Ü¶o nwéf ‘°aoWm°ZMr gwédmV$ (1896)



(H«$‘e:)

H$) CHESS (Mog) : Continuous Help to

the teachers of English from Secondary

Schools :

H|$Ð emgZ nwañH¥$V amîQ´>r¶ ‘mÜ¶{‘H$ {ejm A{^¶mZ : JwUdËVm ¶m ‘w»¶ CnH«$‘m§VJ©V MHRD

¶m§À¶m ‘mJ©Xe©H$ gyMZm§Zwgma amÁ¶mVrb emgH$s¶ Am{U emgH$s¶ AZwXm{ZV ImOJr ì¶dñWmnZmÀ¶m ‘mÜ¶{‘H$ emim§‘Ü¶o B¶ËVm Zddr d Xhmdrbm B§J«Or ^mfm {df¶mMo AÜ¶mnZ H$aUmè¶m {ejH$m§gmR>r VrZ (3) dfmªH$[aVm hm CHESS àH$ën AmYm[aV à{ejU H$m¶©H«$‘ gZ 2017-18 nmgyZ am~{dÊ¶mV Ambm Amho. Mog àH$ën nydu {~«{Q>e H$m¡pÝgb ¶m§À¶m ghH$m¶m©Zo gZ 2013 Vo 2017 ¶m H$mbmdYrV am~{dÊ¶mV Amboë¶m ELISS (English Learning Initiative at Secondary

School) ¶m àH$ënm§VJ©V V¶ma H$aÊ¶mV Amboë¶m

427 {OëhmñVar¶ Am{U 40 amÁ¶ñVar¶ Mentors

À¶m ghH$m¶m©Zo gwê$ Amho. gZ 2017-18 nmgyZ Vo gZ 2018-19 ¶m H$mbmdYrV CHESS àH$ënm§VJ©V 50 {ejH$m§H$[aVm EH$ ETF (English Teachers'

Forum) ¶mà‘mUo EHy$U 408 JQ> gmYZ H|$Ð/URC joÌmV EHy$U 427 English Teachers' Forum (ETF)

gwê$ H$aÊ¶mV Ambo AmhoV.

ETF gXñ¶ (bm^mWu {ejH$) Xa‘hm EH$Ì ¶oD$Z ñdV:Mm gmVË¶nyU© ì¶mdgm{¶H$ {dH$mg gmYV AmhoV. ¶mgmR>r àm{YH$aUmZo Cnamo³V H$mbmdYrV 427 ETF

Moderators (State Resource Persons) ¶m§Zm Xadfu amÁ¶ñVar¶ à{ejU H$m¶©H«$‘m‘YyZ à{e{jV Ho$bo AgyZ ho à{e{jV gwb^H$ (MODERATORS) ¶m {ejH$m§Mo ETF À¶m ‘mÜ¶‘mVyZ VmbwH$m ñVamda gwb^rH$aU H$arV AmhoV. Ë¶mgmR>r àm{YH$aUmZo Resource Book

(ETF Members Pack) V¶ma Ho$bo Amho. ¶m‘Ü¶o EHy$U Mma {d^mJ AmhoV.

Pedagogical Development of Teachers

Linguistic Development of Teachers

Help at Hand (Classroom Management Skills

Development)

Continuous Professional Development

àË¶oH$ ETF ‘rqQ>J Z§Vahr {ejH$ Social Media À¶m ‘mÜ¶‘mVyZ EH$‘oH$m§er gmVË¶mZo OmoS>bobo AgVmV. àË¶oH$ ETF ‘rqQ>JÀ¶m ‘mÜ¶‘mVyZ {ejH$m§Mm Mm¡‘wIr {dH$mg KSy>Z ¶oV Amho.

àmXo{eH$ {dXçm àm{YH$aU (Am§½b^mfm VÁkËd), Am¡a§Jm~mX ¶m§À¶m ‘m’©$V àmW{‘H$ emim§‘Yrb B§J«Or ^mfoMr JwUdËVm gwYmaUo Am{U B§J«OrMo AÜ¶mnZ H$aUmè¶m {ejH$m§Mm ì¶mdgm{¶H$ {dH$mg gmYUo ¶m ÑîQ>rZo {d{dY àH$ën am~{dÊ¶mV ¶oVmV. ¶m§À¶mM ‘m’©$V ‘mÜ¶{‘H$ emim§‘Ü¶o B¶ËVm Zddr d Xhmdrbm B§J«Or ^mfm {df¶mMo AÜ¶mnZ H$aUmè¶m {ejH$m§gmR>r VrZ (3) dfmªH$[aVm hm CHESS àH$ën AmYm[aV à{ejU H$m¶©H«$‘ gZ 2017-18 nmgyZ am~{dÊ¶mV Ambm Amho Ë¶m{df¶r...

B§J«Or {df¶mÀ¶m {ejH$m§gmR>rS>m°. gw^mf H$m§~io

g§MmbH$, àmXo{eH$ {dXçm àm{YH$aU (Am§½b^mfm VÁkËd), Am¡a§Jm~mX.

16 Owb¡ : Am°{bpånH$‘Ü¶o ‘{hbm ‘°aoWm°ZMr gwédmV$ (1984)



A) AÜ¶mnZemñÌr¶ {dH$mg

~) ñdV:À¶m ^m{fH$ H$m¡eë¶m§Mm {dH$mg

H$) AÜ¶mnZ d dJ©ì¶dñWmnZ {df¶H$ Vm§{ÌH$ {dH$mg

S>) gmVË¶nyU© ì¶mdgm{¶H$ {dH$mg.

gd© ETF ~¡R>H$m§Mo g{Z¶§ÌU àH$ënm§VJ©V à{V {Oëhm EH$ ¶mà‘mUo amÁ¶ ñVamda KRP åhUyZ H$m‘ H$aUmao Am{U MER (Monitoring Evaluation and Reporting Team) gXñ¶ ¶m§À¶m ‘m’©$V H$aÊ¶mV Ambo Amho. ~¡R>H$m§gmR>r Amdí¶H$ gd© ^m¡{VH$ gw{dYm d Aënmonmhma ¶m§Mr VaVyX H$aÊ¶mV Ambr Amho. gd© B§J«Or ^mfoMo ‘mÜ¶{‘H$ {ejH$ EH$m ì¶mgnrR>mda EH$Ì ¶oD$Z ‘§WZmVyZ d H¥$VrVyZ gh¶moJr AÜ¶¶Z d AmË‘{dH$mg gmYV AmhoV.

gXa àH$ën VrZ dfmªgmR>r AgyZ EHy$U 26 ETF ~¡R>H$m§À¶m ‘mÜ¶‘mVyZ {ejH$m§Mm gmVË¶nyU© ì¶mdgm{¶H$ {dH$mg gmYÊ¶mV Ambm Amho. àË¶oH$ e¡j{UH$ dfm©À¶m gwédmVrg df©âmV H$amd¶mMr H$m¶©dmhr Am{U O~m~Xmar ¶m {df¶r {d^mJdma ~¡R>H$m§Mo Am¶moOZ H$ê$Z gd© joÌr¶ A{YH$mar d DIET A{YH$mar ¶m§Mo CX²~moYZ H$aÊ¶mV Ambo Amho. g§~§{YV A{YH$mar ¶m§À¶m Xadfu XmoZ AmT>mdm ~¡R>H$m KoÊ¶mV Amë¶m AmhoV. e¡j{UH$ dfm©À¶m eodQ>r ‘mÜ¶{‘H$ {ejH$ d ETF Moderator ¶m§À¶mgmR>r {Oëhm Am{U amÁ¶ñVamda g§JmoîQ>r (Symposium) Mo Am¶moOZ H$aÊ¶mV Ambo hmoVo.

gZ 2017-18 ‘Ü¶o àË¶oH$ English Teachers Forum (ETF) À¶m EHy$U 6 ghm H$m¶©emim Pmë¶m AmhoV. gZ 2018-19 ‘Ü¶o Pmboë¶m 10 H$m¶©emim§n¡H$s (~¡R>H$m§n¡H$s) 5 H$m¶©emim g‘moamg‘moa (Face-to-Face) d 5 H$m¶©emim online nX²YVrZo KoÊ¶mV Amë¶m. ¶m{edm¶ EH$ Facebook Live session d EH$ Webinar XoIrb Am¶mo{OV H$aÊ¶mV Ambo hmoVo. gZ

2019-20 ‘Ü¶o 3 H$m¶©emim g‘moamg‘moa (Face-to-Face) d 7 H$m¶©emim online nX²YVrZo KoÊ¶mV Amë¶m AmhoV. ¶m{edm¶ Facebook Live session d Webinar Am¶mo{OV H$aÊ¶mV Ambo hmoVo.

{dXçmÏ¶mªMm B§J«Or ^mfm {dH$mg : gXa àH$ënmÀ¶m A§‘b~OmdUr‘YyZ amÁ¶mVrb

gd© AZwXm{ZV ‘mÜ¶{‘H$ emim§‘Ü¶o Imbrb CnH«$‘m§À¶m ‘mÜ¶‘m§VyZ {dXçmÏ¶mªMm B§J«Or ^mfm H$m¡eë¶ {dH$mg H$aÊ¶mV ¶oV Amho.

1. ENGLISH SPEAKING ECO SYSTEM

2. SATURDAY IS AN ENGLISH DAY

3. LEARNERS CLUBS

4. ONLINE COLLABORATION

àH$ënmMr n[aUm‘H$maH$Vm :

àH$ënmÀ¶m ‘mÜ¶‘mVyZ amÁ¶mVrb gw‘mao 16618 ‘mÜ¶{‘H$ emim§‘Ü¶o B§J«Or ^mfm {df¶mMo AÜ¶mnZ H$aUmao {ejH$ Am{U gw‘mao 30 bmI {dXçmWu ¶m§Mm ZmdrÝ¶nyU© CnH«$‘m§À¶m Am¶moOZmVyZ B§J«Or ^mfm {dH$mg gmYÊ¶mV ¶oV Amho.

Districts Trainers MER Block +MNc

Moderator Teacher Students

36 15 40 408 423 16618 3000000

{ejH$ :

{ejH$m§Zm Amnë¶m AÜ¶¶Z-AÜ¶mnZmgmR>r ZdZdrZ H$ënZm, AÜ¶¶Z-AÜ¶mnZmMr V§Ìo, AÜ¶mnZmÀ¶m nX²YVr Offline d Online nX²YVrZo {eH$Vm ¶oV AmhoV.

~Xbboë¶m nmR>çnwñVH$m§Mo à^mdr AÜ¶¶Z-AÜ¶mnZ hmoÊ¶mgmR>r {ejH$m§Zm ‘XV hmoV Amho.

{ejH$m§Zm g‘mO ‘mÜ¶‘m§Mm (Whatsapp, Twitter, Facebook, Website Forum) Ë¶m§À¶m AÜ¶¶Z-

(n¥îR> H«$. 35 da)

17 Owb¡ : ^maVmV ‘moS>r {bnrVyZ àW‘ ‘wÐU (1802)



As we enter a classroom we find many students from various backgrounds. Some come from privileged classes and some come from underprivileged families. Students from rich families speak standard dialects of a language whereas children having a background of slum areas, tribal, rural, semi-town can speak a variety of languages. Thus in a classroom, one can find multiple language users. Multilingualism is a very good phenomenon which is to be discussed widely. A class where children speak different languages is called a multilingual classroom.

While teaching English as a second or third language, teachers have many challenges. Children whose mother tongue is different from English, find English very difficult due to no exposure or less exposure. But English language has received great importance not only in our country, but in other countries also.

Nowadays English is considered as a Lingua Franca. It means English is widely

spoken by native and nonnative speakers of English in the world. English is also known as a language of trade and commerce. Most of the world's knowledge is available in English. Therefore, English language has been communicated importantly and growing up fast in various developed, developing and non-developed countries. Many words in English have been taken from other languages and thus it's a mixture of other languages, too. English has become a pidgin. Apart from this, English has achieved phenomenal success in code switching.

In ancient times Indians were able to interact in many languages. They could speak many languages.

We have many examples of people who were proficient in multiple languages. Our history has its remarkable example of switching people from one language to another. For example, Tamil and Sanskrit, Pali and Sanskrit, Ardhmagadhi and Sanskrit with ease. This means Multilingualism is not a recent phenomenon, it existed in the ancient time. Our Indian education system is truly multilingual in its character. For instance, Mumbai’s BMC and few private schools are running with 9-10 mediums of languages, Karnataka schools are giving 14 languages options. India is a diverse country. Many languages are spoken in various states.

Teachers should use the students Multilingualism as a resource for learning, activities should be planned accordingly and opportunities should provided in a way that boost the Multilingualism which will not only help the students for personal development but also will provide with future opportunities.

Multilingualism in EnglishHarsha Chavan

Regional Academic Authority, Mumbai. Mobile : 8108021815

18 Owb¡ : OrdZagm¶Z emñÌk am°~Q>© hÿH$ OÝ‘{XZ$ (1635)



Marathi is used in Maharashtra, Punjabi is spoken in Punjab, Gujarati people speak Gujarati. In the northern part of India Hindi is used widely. While in South India Tamil, Kannada, Telugu languages are spoken.

As a result, Indian education system has accepted three language formulas to strengthen Multilingualism. Mother tongue as a first language, Hindi as a second language and English as a third language.

In this present world around 6000 languages have been grouped under various language families which are spoken in 200 states. This is a great example of multilingualism.

Linguist Lisa Cheng investigated the various forms of multilingualism in Europe (where more than half of Europeans speak two or more languages) from a linguistic, cognitive and sociological perspective. Somehow Multilingualism approach is more challenging in the context. To review teachers' cognition in language teaching we need to focus on the concept of ‘Multilingualism’ that looks at the whole linguistic repertoire. It is defined as the ability to use several languages with ease or fluency. Its origin was found with the migration of people from one place to another where they carried their languages with them.

Here language learning happens in two ways. Sometimes people aren’t born multilingual but acquire one or more languages as they go about to earn bread and butter, as a result of individual circumstances one language may become the dominant language. On the other hand, people acquire new languages on their own in school or college. Being multilingual has the obvious

benefit of being able to communicate with more people from different cultures. A brief survey on Multilingualism can be practiced from outsiders indicating that Canada, Belgium and Switzerland are officially declared multilingual countries.

Multilingualism is becoming a social phenomenon governed by the needs of globalization and cultural openness. Knowledge of more than two languages allows us to communicate with many people in both personal and professional contexts. When one knows the official language and perfectly speaks other languages is believed to provide an access to vast knowledge and wisdom. It provides a competitive edge in today’s job market. Employers considered a more beneficial strategy of marketing besides the academic and professional credentials. Processing fluency in the desired languages helps in economic adjustments. Learning a different language always supports the knowledge the person gets from the first language.

In order to enhance multilingualism in education, foreign language should be introduced as common courses and or medium of instruction for teaching in context. The term can be categorized into different types. Bilingual : Being able to speak two

languages, native and another one. Trilingual : Being able to speak three

languages, native plus additional two languages

Polyglot : Being able to speak multiple languages, though the number is not always specified, four or more.

18 Owb¡ : ZoëgZ ‘§S>obm OÝ‘{XZ$ (1918)



It can be categorized according to degree of acquisition, manner of acquisition.

Sridhar (1996) classified it as individual multilingualism and social multilingualism.

Grosjean (1982) mentioned Territorial principle and personality principle of multilingualism.

Mansoor categorized it into Horizontal and vertical multilingualism. Migration or labour mobility, cultural

contact, annexation and colonialism, commercial, scientific, technological territorial conquest can be the reasons for multilingualism. In India every year the rate of bilingualism / multilingualism is increasing as per the census record. It is unique in itself. Several studies have convincingly demonstrated that bi/multilingual children can perform better than monolingual children. Indian scholars have shown that bilingualism

is a natural state of language behaviour involved in a social group’s interaction (Srivastava).

Teacher has to draw students’ multilingualism as a resource for learning, plan the activities and give opportunities for students to learn in all their languages, the longer teaching and learning take place in the first language, the better the educational outcomes, translanguaging may involve in the classroom, being flexible for better involvement, modelling good behaviour relate the learning to everyday life, challenge stereotypes, group or pair work, developing range of formative assessment, creating online international community will help learners to be regular language user in any context.

Like Dua (2008) who says “as a reality it must be cultivated as a resource for enriching the human mind, development of languages, societies and cultures.”

(n¥îR> H«$. 27 dê$Z)

àoaUmXm¶r Aä¶mgH«$‘, ghH$m¶m©Ë‘H$ dmVmdaU {Z{‘©Vr, {ejH$ d {dXçmWu ¶mo½¶ nañna g§~§Y ¶m§X²dmam AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ ~wX²{Y‘ËVoMm {dH$mg H$aVm ¶oVmo. AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ ~wX²{Y‘ËVo‘wio ñdV…Mr OmUrd hmoD$Z VmUa{hV OrdZ OJVm ¶oVo. g‘mOmVrb Amnbo ñWmZ g‘OVo, AmË‘{dídmg dmT>Vmo, ghH$m¶© d¥ËVr, Z‘«nUm, d³VeranUm, CXmanUm, àm‘m{UH$nUm, j‘merbVm ¶m JwUm§Mm {dH$mg AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ ~wX²{Y‘ËVo‘wio hmoVmo åhUyZ {dXçmÏ¶mªMr ^m¡{VH$ Am{U OJmÀ¶m kmZmnbrH$S>o OmD$Z ‘mZdr ‘ZmMo kmZ KoÊ¶mMr j‘Vm dmT>{dbr nm{hOo. AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ ~wX²{Y‘ËVoÀ¶m {dH$mgmgmR>r àË¶j H¥$Vr d gamd ‘hËËdmMm Amho. AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ ÑîQ>r hr

BVam§‘Ü¶o ’$³V CËH¥$îQ>> (Only best) nmhVo. Ë¶m‘wio BVam§Zm CËH¥$îQ>VoMm {dH$mg H$aÊ¶mgmR>r e³Vr {‘iVo. BVam§H$S>o nmhÊ¶mMr hr ÑîQ>rM {dXçmÏ¶mªZm {eH${dbr Jobr, Va CËH¥$îQ> JwUdËVoMr D$Om© Ë¶m§À¶mV {Z‘m©U hmoB©b.

AemàH$mao ~wX²{Y‘ËVm, ^md{ZH$ ~wX²{Y‘ËVm d AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ ~wX²{Y‘ËVm ¶m§Mo Cn¶moOZ AÜ¶¶Z-AÜ¶mnZmV Ho$ë¶mg {dXçmÏ¶mªMm gdmªJrU {dH$mg hmoB©b d EH§$XarV g§Vw{bV ì¶p³V‘ËËd KS>{dÊ¶mgmR>r Z³H$sM ‘XV hmoB©b.

18 Owb¡ : bmoH$emhra AÊUm^mD$ gmR>o ñ‘¥{V{XZ$ (1969)



Jobr nmM df} qhJUKmQ> ¶oWo {ejU {dñVma A{YH$mar åhUyZ ì¶VrV Ho$ë¶mZ§Va ‘r ZwH$VmM n§Mm¶V g{‘Vr, ~m^wiJmd ¶oWo éOy Pmbmo. ‘bm emim ôQ>rMm àM§S> ZmX! AYmí¶mgmaIm emim nmhV gwQ>bmo. AgmM EHo${Xder emim ôQ> H$aVmZm VmbwŠ¶mnmgyZM 5-7 {H$. ‘r A§Vamda Agboë¶m amUr A‘amdVr emioV nmohmoMbmo. EH$m‘mJyZ EH$ dJ© nmhVm nmhVm n{hbrÀ¶m dJm©V {eabmo. ‘wbo dJm©V qYJmUm KmbV hmoVr. gm{hË¶ dJm©V BVñVV: ngabobo hmoVo. EH$ gmYmaU ‘Ü¶‘ d¶moJQ>mVrb {ejH$ H$mhrgo Km~aV, "Aao, JwS> AmâQ>aZyZ åhUm Zm' Aer {dXçmÏ¶mªZm gyMZm XoD$ bmJbo. n{hbrMm dJ© Vmo! Hw$Ur Hw$UmMo EoH$m¶À¶m ‘yS>‘Ü¶o ZìhVo. gJio Amnë¶mM ‘ñVrV ‘íJwb. ga Amoemibo. ‘r bJoM OwO~r àíZ {dMmabo, nU H$moUË¶mM àíZmMo CËVa ‘wbm§Zm Ambo Zmhr. ""ga, ‘wbo ~mobV ZmhrV, ‘wbo YrQ> Agm¶bm hdrV. ¶oVo H$m ao ‘wbm§Zmo EImXo ~S>~S>JrV?'' dJ© {MS>rMyn. ""ga, nwT>À¶m oQ>rV ‘bm

~mobH$m dJ© hdm Amho, V¶mar H$am, ‘r nwÝhm ¶oB©Z'' Ago åhQ>bo Am{U {ZKmbmo VS>H$ Xþgè¶m dJm©H$S>o.

n{hbrMm dJ© H$gm Agmdm ¶mMm ‘Zmer {dMma H$ê$ bmJbmo. AJXr {ZamJg, {Zînmn ‘wbo. H$moUVohr AmoPo Zmhr, ^rVr Zmhr. {ejH$m§À¶m A§JmIm§Xçmda IoiUmar. Iao åhUOo ¶m dJm©À¶m {ejH$mZo AmB© gmaIoM Agm¶bm hdo. gdmªV n{hbr nm¶ar åhUOo ~mbH$m§À¶m ‘mZgemñÌmMm Aä¶mg àË¶oH$ {ejH$mZo H$am¶bm hdm. B¶ËVm n{hbrÀ¶m Aä¶mgH«$‘mMm Oa AmnU ~maH$mB©Zo Aä¶mg Ho$bm, Va n{hbo H$mhr {Xdg dJm©À¶m Xmamer Cô amhÿZ ‘wbm§Mo ñdmJV Ho$bo, hgyZ AmZ§XmZo ~mobbmo Am{U Ë¶m§À¶mer gwg§dmX gmYbm Va Ë¶m§Mm bmOaonUm, ~wOaonUm, ^rVr H$‘r hmoB©b. emioV Ë¶m§Zm gwa{jV dmQ>ob. emio{df¶r JmoS>r {Z‘m©U hmoB©b. B¶ËVm n{hbrMm dJ© ’$io, ’w$bo, nmZo, dñVy ¶m§Zr gwemo{^V Ho$bobm Agmdm. ‘wbm§Zm AmdS>Umar, mdUmar {MÌo, IoiUr BË¶mXr gm{hË¶ Ë¶mV Agmdo, ‘wbm§Zm Ë¶m§À¶m Kam{df¶r, nmbH$m§{df¶r, Hw$Qw>§§~m{df¶r àíZ {dMmamdoV. EHy$UM Amnbo ‘Z Am{U ‘ZmVrb JmoîQ>r {ejH$m§Odi ì¶³V H$amì¶m Ago Ë¶m§Zm dmQ>m¶bm hdo.

{XdgmVrb 24 Vmgm§n¡H$s ‘wbo 5 Vo 6 Vmg emioV AgVmV. Cabobo gd© Vmg Vo emio~mhoarb {~Zq^VtÀ¶m emioV AgVmV. Ë¶m§Mr CËgwH$ ‘Zo AmOy~mOy§À¶m KQ>Zm§VyZ, {ZarjUm§VyZ gJio {Q>nyZ KoV AgVmV {ejU åhUOo Var Zo‘Ho$ H$m¶ Amho? OJÊ¶mgmR>r Á¶m Á¶m JmoîQ>r H$amì¶m bmJVmV Ë¶m H$aVm ¶oUo Am{U Ë¶mV

n{hbrMm dJ©! AmB©Mo ~moQ> gmoSy>Z emioV {eaVmZm YmñVmdboë¶m {M‘wH$ë¶m§Mo hgyZ, ào‘mZo ñdmJV H$aV Ë¶m§Mo ‘Z qOHy$Z KoUo O‘bo H$s, nwT>Mm gJim àdmg AmZ§XmMm; nU ho O‘bo Zmhr Va ‘mÌ Jm|Yi! Z AmdaVm ¶oUmam. hm Jm|Yi nmhÿZ "‘mPo ‘Z dJm©V a‘bo Zmhr' ho A{YH$mè¶m§Mo CX²Jma EH$m {ejH$m§Zm ’$ma ~moMbo Am{U ‘J Ë¶m {ejH$m§Zr ‘wbmMr AmB© ~ZyZ dJ© Agm H$mhr V¶ma Ho$bm H$s, Ë¶m§Mm n{hbrMm dJ© BVam§gmR>r àoaUmòmoV R>abm Ë¶m{f¶r...

BÀN>me³Vr VoWo ‘mJ©‘§Joe Xoenm§S>o>

{dñVma A{YH$mar ({ejU), n§. g. ~m^wiJmd. ^«‘UÜdZr : 8975387979

18 Owb¡ : ‘w§~B© {dXçmnrR>mMr ñWmnZm$ (1857)



H$m¡eë¶ {‘i{dUo åhUOo {ejU. boIZ, dmMZ, gm‘mÝ¶ kmZ Am{U ^mfm hm gwX²Ym Ë¶mVrbM EH$ ^mJ, nU ho H$aÊ¶mgmR>r Ë¶m§Mo AdYmZ {Q>H$Uo, EH$m OmJr pñWa ~gyZ ‘Z EH$mJ« hmoUo ‘hËËdmMo. bhmZ ‘wbm§Mo AdYmZ 10 Vo 15 {‘{ZQ>m§À¶m da {Q>H$V Zmhr ho emñÌr¶ ÑîQ>çm XoIrb {gX²Y Pmbo Amho.

‘r Ooìhm gd©àW‘ B¶ËVm n[hbrÀ¶m ^moOamO IS>go gam§À¶m dJm©V Jobmo Voìhm ‘bm ¶mVbo H$mhrhr {XgyZ Ambo Zmhr. ‘r ‘Zmo‘Z ZmamO Pmbmo. gam§Zr ‘mPo ^md Ý¶mhmibo. gmYmaUV: Ë¶mZ§Va 3 Vo 4 ‘{hÝ¶m§Zr ‘r Ë¶mM emioV Zmoìho§~a ‘{hÝ¶mV emimôQ>rbm Jobmo. Ë¶m emioVrb {e{jH$m Z‘«Vm IS>go ¶m§Zr ‘bm Am{U ‘mÂ¶m gmo~V Agboë¶m JQ>{ejUm{YH$mar gmho~m§Zm Ë¶m§À¶m dJm©V Zobo. ‘wbm§Mm {Z Am‘Mm B§J«Or g§dmX KS>dyZ AmUbm. Iyn N>mZ dmQ>bo. VodT>çmV IS>go ‘°S>‘ åhUmë¶m, ""ga hm Am‘À¶m emioVrb M‘ËH$ma ~Km, ^moOamO IS>go gam§Mm n{hbrMm dJ© Va ~Km!'' Am{U ‘r Wm§~yZ {ZarjU H$ê$ bmJbmo, ‘mÂ¶m ‘mJÀ¶m oQ>rVrb dJ© Am{U AmOMm dJ© ¶mV H$‘mbrMm ’$aH$ OmUdV hmoVm. dJm©À¶m ‘Ymo‘Y gd© ‘wbo KmoiH$m H$ê$Z gam§À¶m ^modVr ~gbobr hmoVr. dJm©Vrb q^Vtda eãXnQ²>Q>çm, dmŠ¶nQ²>Q>çm, CVmao, ‘wimjao, {MÌo bmdbobr hmoVr. ‘Ê¶m§À¶m ‘mim, YyinmQ>r B. gd©M e¡j{UH$ gm{hË¶ ‘m§S>bobo hmoVo. ‘r Ë¶m§À¶mgmo~V ~gbmo. ga åhUmbo, ""gmho~ {dMmam ‘mÂ¶m ‘wbm§Zm, ~mobm ‘wbm§er.'' ‘r ‘J àË¶oH$mÀ¶m Odi ~gyZ eãXdmMZ, dmŠ¶dmMZ H$go H$aVmV Vo nm{hbo. ‘mÂ¶mgmR>r Vmo AmíM¶m©Mm Y³H$mM hmoVm. n{hë¶m oQ>rV Ý¶mhmibobr hrM H$m Vr ‘wbo! gËVmdrg {dXçmÏ¶mªn¡H$s 22 {dXçmÏ¶mªMr àJVr OmoS>mjao dmMZmn¶ªV hmoVr. ‘r {dMmabo, ""hr H$moUVr OmXyMr H$m§S>r {’$adbrV ga? B¶ËVm n[hbrÀ¶m Á¶m j‘Vm gßQ>|~a ‘{hÝ¶mV ¶m¶bm hì¶mV Ë¶mÀ¶m

{H$VrVar nQ> OmñV nwT>o hr ‘wbo AmhoV.'' ga Z‘«nUo åhUmbo, ""‘r ¶m§Zm gm§Ho${VH$ mfoVyZ {eH${dVmo, ñda, ì¶§OZo, H$mZm-‘mÌm, CÀMma, AZwñdma, OmoS>{MÝho ¶m gd© Ajam§À¶m Ad¶dm§Zm Amåhr gm§Ho${VH$ ê$n {Xbo Am{U gmo~V gm§Jr{VH$ b¶ gwX²Ym {Xbr. Ajao {JadrV AgVmZm {dXçmWu ‘mÂ¶m~amo~a åhUVmV Am{U gm§Ho${VH$ H¥$Vr XoIrb H$aVmV. EH$Xm ho Ajam§Mo Ad¶d Am{U Ë¶m§Mo gm§Ho${VH$ ê$n S>moŠ¶mV ~gbo d Ë¶mMr H¥$Vr H$aVm Ambr H$s ^mfm gmonr hmoVo.''

^mfoà‘mUoM J{UVmVrb A§H$m§Zmhr gam§Zr gm§Ho${VH$ ê$n {Xbo. ‘J H$m¶, ‘mÂ¶mg‘moa dJm©Vrb {dXçmÏ¶mªZr gm§Ho${VH$ {bnrdê$Z eãX AmoiIbo Am{U dJ©, Z‘«Vm, ‘¥Ë¶y, amîQ>JrV, Y¥VamîQ>>, dV©‘mZnÌ, dYm©, AmíM¶©, g§ñH¥$Vr, A§Va§J ¶m§gmaIo OmoS>mjao Agbobo eãX dhrV {bhyZ XmI{dbo. Ë¶mM~amo~a XmoZ A§H$s H$moUË¶mhr g§»¶mMo boIZ d dmMZ ‘wbo ghOJË¶m H$arV hmoVr. ‘r Ë¶m§Zm dJm©V CnbãY Agbobo dV©‘mZnÌ dmMmd¶mg {Xbo. ‘wbm§Zr Vo YS>mYS>m ñnîQ>nUo dmMyZ XmI{dbo. ¶m ¶emMo J‘H$ H$m¶? Va nyU© doi ‘wbm§Zm XoUo, {dXçmÏ¶mªZm AmdS>Umè¶m nX²YVrZo, V§ÌmZo {eH${dUo, AmñWoZo, ‘m¶oZo Ë¶m§À¶mer dmJUo d ‘w»¶ åhUOo Ë¶m§Mr AmB© hmoUo! ho O‘bo H$s, Agm dJ© V¶ma hmoVmo. ¶m dJm©Vrb {dXçmWu AJXr Kar Agë¶mgmaIo dJm©V dmdaV hmoVo. Ë¶m§À¶mV H$‘mbrMm AmË‘{dídmg hmoVm. ‘wbo MwQy>MwQy> ~mobV hmoVr. rVr ZmdmMr JmoîQ> Ë¶m§À¶m Jmdr ZìhVrM ‘wir! {dXçmÏ¶mªZr ‘J B§J«Or‘Yrb Rhymes åhUyZ XmI{dë¶m. B§J«Or Ajao (Alphabets) AmoiIbr. B§J«Or eãXnQ²>Q>çm§Mo dmMZ Ho$bo. B§J«OrVrb dJ© gyMZm§Mo nmbZ Ho$bo. ¶m dJm©Vrb dmVmdaUmZo ‘r pñV{‘V Pmbmo. gam§Mo d {dXçmÏ¶mªMo â^ê$Z H$m¡VwH$ H$ê$Z ‘r naVbmo. AmOÀ¶m dJ© oQ>rZo ‘bm EH$m doJiçmM gwImMr AZw yVr Ambr hmoVr. IaoM {H$Vr H$R>rU Amho n{hbm

18 Owb¡ : amo{hUr CnJ«hmMo AdH$memV àjonU$ (1980)



dJ© KS>{dUo, Am{U Vmo V¶ma H$aUo. IS>go gam§À¶m dJm©Mr oQ> ‘mÂ¶mgmR>r {dbjU hmoVr. Ago åhUVmV Zm, No Method is Greater than Teachers. gam§Zr dJ© AÜ¶mnZmMr EH$ Zdr e¡br ñdV: V¶ma Ho$br hmoVr. ¶m V§ÌmMr AmoiI gdmªZm ìhmdr åhUyZ ‘r, ~rQ>mVrb B¶ËVm n{hbrbm {eH${dUmè¶m gd© {ejH$m§Mr H$m¶©emim IS>go gam§À¶m ‘mJ©Xe©ZmImbr Ë¶m§À¶mM dJm©V KoVbr. ZH$mamË‘H$ H$maUo gm§JUmè¶m {ejH$m§gmR>r IS>go gam§Mm n{hbm dJ© hm àoaUmòmoV R>abm. VmbwŠ¶mVrb {d{dY H|$ÐmV IS>go gam§Zr B¶ËVm n{hbrÀ¶m dJm©À¶m JwUdËVoMo gmXarH$aU H$arV gdmªMr ‘Zo qOH$br.

EHy$U H$m¶ H$s, "ga ‘mPo ¶m dJm©V ‘Z a‘bo Zmhr' ¶m ‘mÂ¶m EH$m dmŠ¶mZo IS>go gam§À¶m ‘ZmV àM§S> CbWmnmbW Pmbr Am{U nwT>À¶mM ôQ>rV hm Am‘ybmJ« ~Xb Pmbobm ‘mÂ¶m {ZXe©Zmg Ambm. BÀN>me³Vr Am{U Ü¶mg KoVbm H$s, H$mhrhr AeŠ¶ Zmhr ¶mMr à{MVr Ambr. gam§À¶m ~Xbboë¶m dJm©H$S>o nmhÿZ ‘mÂ¶m ‘ZmV Ambo,

¶eñdr ‘mUgo Amnë¶m ¶emgmR>r qH$dm An¶emgmR>r

n[apñWVrbm, ‘mUgm§Zm, Z{e~mbm Xmof XoV ZmhrV,

Va Vo ñdV: à¶ËZ H$aVmV Am{U ¶eñdr hmoVmV...

(n¥îR> H«$. 29 dê$Z)

AÜ¶mnZ à{H«$¶oV H$gm à^mdr dmna H$amdm ¶mMr ghO d Cn¶w³V ‘m{hVr {‘iV Amho.

Members Pack À¶m gmhmæ¶mZo {ejH$m§Zm ñdV…Mo B§J«Or g‘¥X²Y H$aÊ¶mgmR>r ¶mVyZ g§Yr {‘imbr Amho d Ë¶m§Zm B§J«Or ~mobÊ¶mgmR>r ETF À¶m ‘mÜ¶‘mVyZ EH$ ßb°Q>’$m°‘© {‘iV Amho.

{ejH$m§Zm ¶m àH$ënmÀ¶m ‘mÜ¶‘mVyZ {d{dY g§Yr òmoV CnbãY Pmë¶mZo {ejH$m§Mo B§J«Or ^mfoMo dJ© AÜ¶mnZ gwYmabo Amho qH$~hþZm Ë¶m§Mo AÜ¶mnZ AXç¶mdV H$aÊ¶mMr g§Yr Ë¶m§Zm {‘iV Amho.

{dXçmWu :

amÁ¶mVrb {dXçmÏ¶mªgmR>r hm àH$ën B§J«Or AÜ¶¶ZmMr ZdMoVZm KoD$Z Ambobm Amho. ¶m àH$ënmZo -

B¶ËVm Zddr d XhmdrÀ¶m dJm©Vrb {dXçmÏ¶mªZm d¡¶p³VH$nUo, Ë¶m§À¶m gmo~Ë¶m§~amo~a AÜ¶¶Z (Pair work) Am{U JQ> H$m¶© (Group Work) Aem

doJdoJiçm dJ©-Am§Va{H«$¶oVyZ {eH$m¶bm {‘iV Amho.

B§J«Or {df¶mgmR>r emioV Saturday is an English

Day Am¶mo{OV Ho$bm OmVmo. Ë¶m‘wio {dXçmÏ¶mª‘Ü¶o B§J«Or {df¶mMr AmdS> {Z‘m©U Pmbr d {dXçmWu doJdoJiçm Activities ‘Ü¶o gh^mJr Pmë¶m‘wio Ë¶m§Zm B§J«Or {df¶ Zì¶m nX²YVrZo {eH$m¶bm {‘iy bmJbm Amho.

gd© emim§‘Ü¶o Learners Club À¶m ‘mÜ¶‘mVyZ B§J«Or g§^mfU H$aÊ¶mMr g§Yr XoIrb àmßV hmoV Amho.

‘wbm§Zm emgZmÀ¶m emioVhr B§J«Or {eH$Ê¶mMr a§OH$ d Zdr g§Yr {‘imë¶mZo emim§Mm nQ> dmT>Ê¶mV ¶m àH$ënmMr {deof ‘XV hmoVmZm {XgV Amho.

‘wbo B§J«OrVrb Activities H$arV Agë¶mZo Ë¶m§Mr B§J«Or ~m~VMr ^rVr Xÿa Pmbr Amho d Ë¶m§À¶mV B§J«Or ~mobÊ¶mMm AmË‘{dídmg Ambm Amho.

19 Owb¡ : ^maVmVrb 14 ~±H$m§Mo amîQ´>r¶rH$aU$ (1969)



{b§JZya, ho JS>qh½bO Vmbw³¶mVrb EH$ N>moQ>ogo Jmd. JmdmVrb ~hþg§»¶ bmoH$ eoVr Am{U BVa H$m‘mda CXa{Zdm©h H$aUmao. OrdZmMr bT>mB© bT>V ‘wbm§À¶m e¡j{UH$ àJVrH$S>o bj XoUmao nmbH$. doJdoJiçm àH$maÀ¶m ñnYmª‘Ü¶o gh^mJr hmoD$Z ¶oWrb ‘wbm§Zr emioÀ¶m Am{U Amnë¶m JmdmÀ¶m Zmdbm¡{H$H$mV â Q>mH$bobr. emioZo àíZ‘§Oyfm, gm‘mÝ¶kmZ ñnYm©, àkmemoY narjm, {eî¶d¥ËVr narjm, gm§ñH¥${VH$ ñnYm© VgoM {d{dY ñnYm© narjm§‘Ü¶o Zmdbm¡{H$H$ {‘i{dbm Amho. ~mbH$dr g§‘obZ, ZmdrÝ¶nyU© B§J«Or n[anmR>, ‘mZdr ‘Zmoao d H$gaVr, {~pñH$Q> àíZ Ago {d{dY CnH«$‘ am~dyZ emioZo Amnbo doJionU Onbo Amho. hr Pmbr EH$ ~mOy, nU H$mhr ‘wbo e¡j{UH$ àJVrV ‘mJmgbobr AmhoV. emioVrb BVa àJV ‘wbm§À¶m ~amo~a hr ‘wbo gwX²Ym àJV ìhmdrV ¶mgmR>r OmoaXma à¶ËZ H$ê$Zhr ’$mago ¶e ¶oV ZìhVo. hr ‘wbo gwYmamdrV ¶mgmR>r Iyn gmao à¶ËZ Ho$bo.

¶m ‘wbm§Mm {dH$mg ìhmdm ¶mgmR>r :1) e¡j{UH$ gm{hË¶mMm nwadR>m Ho$bm. 2) ‘wbm§Zm

‘mJ©Xe©Z Am{U g‘wnXoeZ Ho$bo. 3) nmbH$m§À¶m ôQ>r KoD$Z Ë¶m§Mo ghH$m¶© {‘i{dÊ¶mMm à¶ËZ Ho$bm. 4) ‘wbm§Zm ‘mJ©Xe©Z H$aÊ¶mgmR>r ìhm°Q²>gA°n Jw«nMr {Z{‘©Vr Ho$br. 5) ‘wbm§Mm Aä¶mg nmhÊ¶mgmR>r J¥hôQ>r {Xë¶m. 6) amÌ Aä¶m{gHo$Mo Am¶moOZ Ho$bo. 7) ¶m ‘wbm§Zr Ho$boë¶m gmÜ¶m H¥$VtMohr H$m¡VwH$ Ho$bo. 8) eodQ>r H$R>moa eãXm§V Ë¶m§Mr H$mZCKmS>Urhr Ho$br, nU ¶m H$emMmhr n[aUm‘ ‘wbm§À¶m àJVrda {XgyZ Ambm Zmhr. ìhm°Q²>gA°n J«wn‘Ü¶o gh^mJr hmoÊ¶mgmR>r ¶m ‘wbm§H$Sy>Z ‘mo~mB©b Z§~a gwX²Ym CnbãY Pmbo ZmhrV. nmbH$m§Zr g‘OmdyZ gm§JyZ gwX²Ym ¶m ‘wbm§Mm à{VgmX {‘imbm Zmhr. amÌ Aä¶m{gHo$‘Ü¶o ¶m ‘wbm§Mr gVV AZwn{ñWVr Agm¶Mr.

BVHo$ gmao à¶ËZ H$ê$Zhr ¶m ‘wbm§da H$moUVmhr n[aUm‘ Pmbm Zmhr. ¶m ‘wbm§Mr ‘mZ{gH$Vm ~XbÊ¶mV Ano{jV ¶e Ambo Zmhr. {H$Vrhr à¶ËZ Ho$bm Var ¶m ‘wbm§‘Ü¶o gwYmaUm hmoUma Zmhr Ago dmQy> bmJbo, nU "n[a{ñWVrg‘moa hma ‘mZob Vmo {ejH$ H$gbm?' Amåhr Am‘Mo à¶ËZ Wm§~{dbo ZmhrV. ho {dXçmWu emar[aH$ ÑîQ>çm gj‘ AmhoV. ¶m ‘wbm§Zr ‘Zmda KoVbo Va hr ‘wbo gwX²Ym àJV hmoD$ eH$VmV ¶mda ‘mPm R>m‘ {dídmg hmoVm Am{U åhUyZ ‘r XaamoO Zì¶m C‘oXrZo {dMma H$arV hmoVmo. ‘wbm§Zr ñdV… R>a{dë¶m{edm¶ Ë¶m§À¶mV ~Xb hmoUma Zmhr Ago ‘mPo R>m‘ ‘V Pmbo.

‘mM© ‘{hZm gwê$ Pmbm. e¡j{UH$ df© g§nm¶bm

dJm©V H$mhr ‘moOHo$ {dXçmWu Ago AgVmV H$s, Ë¶m§Zm H$emVM ag ZgVmo. {ejH$m§Mo gJio à¶ËZ Vo hmUyZ nmS>VmV. Ë¶m§Zm AÜ¶¶ZmMr JmoS>r bmdUo ho ’$ma ‘moR>o AmìhmZ AgVo. ‘wimV ‘wbo Mm§JbrM AgVmV; JaO AgVo ¶mo½¶ doir Ë¶m§Zm àoaUm {‘iÊ¶mMr. Aer àoaUm {‘imbr Va AmnUhr H$mhrVar Mm§Jb§ H$amd§ Ag§ Ë¶m§Zm AmVyZ dmQ>m¶bm bmJV§. Ag§ AmVyZ dmQ>U§ Pmb§ H$s H$m‘ gmon§ hmoV§. qbJZyaÀ¶m emioVë¶m ‘wbm§À¶m ~m~VrVhr Ag§M KS>b§ Am{U ‘J {ejH$m§Mo à¶ËZ H$go gmW©H$s bmJbo Ë¶m{df¶r...

...Am{U ‘wbo ào[aV Pmbr‘YwH$a ¶ogUo

{dXçm ‘§{Xa qbJZya, Vm. JS>qh½bO, {O. H$moëhmnya. ^«‘UÜdZr … 9922496210

22 Owb¡ : {Va§Jr P|S>çmMr amîQ´>ÜdO åhUyZ ñdrH¥$Vr$ (1947)



Ambo Am{U ¶mM doir Xoeâ H$moamoZmZo W¡‘mZ KmVbo. emim§Zm g³VrÀ¶m gwQ²>Q>çm {Xë¶m Joë¶m. H$moamoZm {dfmUybm Vm|S> XoÊ¶mgmR>r emgZmZo Xoeâ bm°H$S>mD$Z Omhra Ho$bm. Am‘À¶mhr JmdMr J«m‘n§Mm¶V g{H«$¶ Pmbr. ZmJ[aH$m§Zr KamVyZ ~mhoa nSy> Z¶o ¶mgmR>r AmdmhZ Ho$bo OmD$ bmJbo. ‘wbm§À¶m Aä¶mgmV I§S> nSy> Z¶o åhUyZ dJ©dma ìhm°Q²>gA°n Jw«nMr {Z{‘©Vr Ho$br. Jw«ndê$Z ‘wbm§Zm Aä¶mg {Xbm OmD$ bmJbm. {dXçmWu {dH$mgmÀ¶m ÑîQ>rZo Amdí¶H$ ‘m{hVr Jw«nda nmR>{dbr OmD$ bmJbr. àË¶oH$ {df¶mÀ¶m àíZn{ÌH$m, gm‘mÝ¶kmZmda AmYm[aV AmOMo àíZ Jw«nda nmR>{dbo. ìhm°Q²>gA°n darb Aä¶mgmV ‘wbm§Mr éMr dmTy> bmJbr. emim§Zm gwQ²>Q>r AgyZhr {dXçmWu {ejH$m§À¶m g§nH$m©V am{hbo. Ë¶m {dXçmÏ¶mªMo nmbH$ Amnë¶m ‘wbm§Zm {dMmê$ bmJbo, "BVa ‘wbo ìhm°Q²>gA°n dê$Z Aä¶mg H$arV AmhoV Am{U Vy H$m Aä¶mg H$arV Zmhrg?'

¶mM doir {Oëhm n[afXoÀ¶m {ejUm{YH$mar ‘m. Amem C~mio ‘°S>‘ ¶m§Zr Study from Home hm CnH«$‘ gwê$ Ho$bm. ¶m CnH«$‘mVyZ Zm‘d§V {ejH$m§Zr V¶ma Ho$boë¶m àíZn{ÌH$m ‘wbm§Zm {‘iy bmJë¶m. Ë¶m àíZn{ÌH$mhr ‘wbo AmdS>rZo gmoS>dy bmJbr.

{ejH$ ìhm°Q²>gA°n Jw«ndê$Z ‘wbm§Mm Aä¶mg KoV AmhoV, ¶mMr MMm© JmdmVrb ZmJ[aH$m§‘Ü¶o hmoD$ bmJbr. ‘wbo Aä¶mgmgmR>r nmbH$m§H$Sy>Z ‘mo~mB©bMr ‘mJUr H$ê$ bmJbr. ‘wbm§Zm Aä¶mgmgmR>r ‘mo~mB©b Xçm¶Mm Amho åhUyZ nmbH$ {‘Ìn[admamVrb Jßnm gmoSy>Z Kar naVy bmJbo. ‘mÌ ¶m gmè¶m§Mm n[aUm‘ Am‘À¶m "Ë¶m' ‘wbm§da {XgyZ ¶oV ZìhVm. ho {dXçmWu Jw«n‘Ü¶o gm‘rb Zgë¶m‘wio J«wndarb H¥$Vr Am{U Aä¶mgmnmgyZ Xÿa hmoVo. KamVM Wm§~yZ ahmdo bmJë¶m‘wio Ë¶m§À¶mnwT>o AZoH$ àíZ {Z‘m©U Pmbo.

(1) doi H$gm Kmbdmdm g‘OoZm. (2) Q>r. ìhr. Mm A{Vdmna hmoD$ bmJbm. (3) ^md§S>m§‘Ü¶o dmX {Z‘m©U hmoD$ bmJbo. (4) ^m§S>Um‘wio nmbH$m§Zm ‘mZ{gH$ Ìmg hmoD$ bmJbm. (5) ‘wbm§Zm nmbH$m§À¶m amofmbm gm‘moao Omdo bmJbo. (6) ‘wbo Kar amhÿZ H§$Q>mibr. (7) ‘wbm§Mm ‘mZ{gH$ H$m|S>‘mam hmoD$ bmJbm.

Amnbo dJ©{‘Ì KamVM amhÿZ Aä¶mgmV Jw§VyZ Jobo AmhoV ho Ë¶m§Zm H$iV hmoVo. Jw«ndarb Aä¶mgm‘wio JwéOZ Am{U BVam§H$Sy>Z {‘Ìm§Mo hmoUmao H$m¡VwH$ d MMm© ¶m§VyZ "JS>çm§Zmo Amnbm Aä¶mg ~am' hr ^mdZm ‘wbm§‘Ü¶o {Z‘m©U Pmbr. BVa ‘wbo ìhm°Q²>gA°nda ¶oUmè¶m àíZn{ÌH$m gmoS>drV AmhoV. AmnUhr àíZn{ÌH$m gmoS>dmì¶mV Aer BÀN>m ‘wbm§À¶m ‘Zm‘Ü¶o {Z‘m©U Pmbr. Ë¶mMm n[aUm‘ Agm Pmbm H$s...

(1) ‘wbo ’$moZ H$ê$Z Amnë¶mbm ìhm°Q²>gA°n Jw«n‘Ü¶o gm‘rb H$ê$Z KoÊ¶mgmR>r {dZ§Vr H$ê$ bmJbr. (2) AmnUhÿZ ‘mo~mB©b Z§~a XoD$Z àíZn{ÌH$m nmR>{dÊ¶mMr {dZ§Vr H$ê$ bmJbr. (3) àíZn{ÌH$m gmoS>{dÊ¶mgmR>r ‘wbo Aä¶mgm~amo~aM BVam§Mr ‘XV KoD$ bmJbr. (4) gmoS>{dboë¶m àíZn{ÌH$m ìhm°Q²>gA°nda nmR>{dë¶mda Amnë¶mbm {H$Vr JwU àmßV Pmbo, ho EoH$Ê¶mg CËgwH$ {Xgy bmJbr. (5) àíZn{ÌH$m gmoS>{dÊ¶mVrb ‘wbm§Mm {Z¶{‘VnUm dmT>bm.

àdmhmVyZ ~mhoa nSy> nmhUmar ‘wbo ào[aV Pmbr Am{U Aä¶mgmV Jw§VyZ Jobr, hr KQ>ZmM ‘mPm AmZ§X X²{dJw{UV H$aUmar Amho. Ë¶m§Mm hm CËgmh H$m¶‘ñdê$nr {Q>Hy$Z ahmdm hrM g{XÀN>m!

H$moUVohr CX²{XîQ> gmÜ¶ H$aÊ¶mgmR>r g§~§{YV KQ>H$ ào[aV hmoUo A{Ve¶ ‘hËËdmMo AgVo. hr àoaUm {Z‘m©U H$aUo ho Amåhm§ JwéOZm§Mo H$V©ì¶M Amho.

22 Owb¡ : Am§VaamîQ´>r¶ ~wX²[Y~i {XZ



(n¥îR> H«$. 41 da)

OyZ 2018 ‘Ü¶o ‘mPr ~Xbr gmVmam {OëhçmVrb ‘hm~ioída VmbwŠ¶mV dmZdbr A{hao ¶m XþJ©‘ JmdmVrb emioV Pmbr.

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XaamoO emioÀ¶m n[anmR>m‘Ü¶o ‘wbm§Zm ‘r nmM eãX gm§JVmo. eãXm§er ¶‘H$ OwiUmao eãX ‘wbm§Zr gm§Jm¶Mo CXm. ggm-‘mgm, amUr-JmUr. ‘wbm§§Zm emio‘Ü¶o ‘amR>r eãXH$moe ‘r CnbãY H$ê$Z {Xbm Amho. VgoM {d{dY ~mbJrVm§Mr nwñVHo$ CnbãY H$ê$Z {Xbr AmhoV. Ë¶m‘wio ‘wbm§Mo Adm§Va dmMZ dmT>bo. Ë¶m§Mm eãXg§J«h {dH${gV Pmbm.

emioV Xa e{Zdmar ‘r ‘wbm§Zm H${dVogmR>r gmonm {df¶ XoV Ago d ‘wbm§H$Sy>Z Mmamoiçm d H${dVm V¶ma H$ê$Z KoV Ago. ‘wbohr ‘ZmZo VmoS>Š¶m-‘moS>Š¶m nU ñdV…À¶m ^mfoV H${dVm {bhÿ bmJbr Am{U Ë¶m§Zm AmnUhr H${dVm {bhÿ eH$Vmo ¶mMm AmZ§X {‘iy bmJbm. Mm§Jë¶m H${dVm {b{hUmè¶m§Zm ~jrg XoD$ bmJbmo. ggm, AmB© Aem {df¶m§da ‘wbo H${dVm aMy bmJbr

ggm ao ggm, Vy {^Ìm H$gm Vmo ~K ‘mgm, nmÊ¶mV nmohVmo H$gm.

OJmdoJir Amho ào‘i ‘mPr AmB© gJiçm§Mr H$m‘o H$aÊ¶mV doi {VMm OmB©.

Aem N>moQ>çm N>moQ>çm aMZm ‘wbo V¶ma H$ê$ bmJbr, ‘J ‘r R>a{dbo H$s, ¶m H${dVoÀ¶m ‘mÜ¶‘mVyZ àË¶oH$ ‘wbm‘Ü¶o Aä¶mgmÀ¶m gd© {df¶m§Mr JmoS>r {Z‘m©U H$am¶Mr.

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n[aga Aä¶mg {eH${dVmZm

XaamoO A§Kmoi H$ê$, doioda ZIo H$mny,emioMm Aä¶mg H$ê$Z, amÌr bdH$a Pmony.

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bhmZ ‘wbm§Zm emioV IoimMm Vmg ’$ma AmdS>Vmo, VgoM AmUIr EH$ JmoîQ> AmdS>Vo; Vr åhUOo H${dVm åhUUo. g§nyU© dJ©, ‘moR>çm AmdmOmV Mmbrda H${dVm åhUÊ¶mV a§JyZ Jobobm nm{hbm H$s, Vwåhm§bm ¶mMr Z³H$s à{MVr ¶oB©b. H${dVm åhUVm åhUVm H${dVm H$aÊ¶mMr JmoS>r bmJbr Va..... H${dVoda ào‘ AgUmè¶m {ejH$m§Zr ‘wbm§Zm H${dVm aMÊ¶mMr JmoS>r bmdbr Ë¶m{df¶r...

H${dVm aMy ¶m, H${dVoVyZ {eHy$ ¶m!bú‘U ZéQ>o

{O. n. àmW. emim dmZdbr A{hao, {O. gmVmam. ^«‘UÜdZr 9860412987

23 Owb¡ : M§ÐeoIa AmPmX OÝ‘{XZ (1906)



'^wXaJS>' Mr AmoiI "{eî¶d¥ËVrMo ‘mhoaKa' Aer Amho. g§nyU© amÁ¶mV ^wXaJS>Zo {eî¶d¥ËVr narjoV ñdV:Mr doJir AmoiI {Z‘m©U H$ê$Z JwUdËVoV AmJimdoJim R>gm C‘Q>{dbm Amho. g§nyU© ‘hmamîQ´>mgmR>r ^wXaJS> {eî¶d¥ËVr n°Q>Z© "‘¡bmMm XJS>' R>abm Amho. VmbwŠ¶mVrb AZoH$ {ejH$ {eî¶d¥ËVr ‘mJ©Xe©ZmgmR>r g§nyU© ‘hmamîQ´>â nmohmoMbo AmhoV. VmbwŠ¶mMr hr AmoiI {Z‘m©U H$aÊ¶mgmR>r ¶oWrb {ejH$ {XdgamÌ H$m‘ H$aVmZm A{O~mV WH$V ZmhrV. ¶emZo hwaiyZ OmV ZmhrV. ¶oWrb {ejH$ ñd§¶àoaUoZo {eî¶d¥ËVrH$m‘r PmoHy$Z XoD$Z H$m‘ H$aVmV. a{ddma AWdm gwQ²>Q>rMo {Xdg Ë¶m§À¶m bjmVhr ZgVmV. ho Ü¶o¶doS>o {ejH$ {dXçmÏ¶mªÀ¶m JwUdËVmdmT>rgmR>r AI§S> à¶ËZ H$arV

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EH$ nmD$b {eî¶d¥ËVrÀ¶m {XeoZo :AZoH$ ZmdrÝ¶nyU© CnH«$‘ am~dyZ JwUdËVoV AJ«oga

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d {Q>H${dUo åhUOo VmaodaMr H$gaV. Aem n[apñWVrV JwUdËVoÀ¶m OmoamdaM emioMr AmoiI {Z‘m©U H$aÊ¶mMm M§J ~m§Ybm Am{U gwê$ Pmbm {eî¶d¥ËVr V¶marMm àdmg...

{eî¶d¥ËVr narjogmR>r 'àkmemoY' R>abr XrnñV§^ :VmbwŠ¶mMo VËH$mbrZ JQ>{ejUm{YH$mar ‘m. g§nV

Jm¶H$dmS> ¶m§À¶m g§H$ënZoVyZ wXaJS> àkmemoY narjm (B.T.S.) B¶ËVm n{hbr d Xþgar gmR>r gwê$ Pmbr. VgoM

àmW{‘H$ {ejUmV {eî¶d¥ËVr narjm hr {deof g‘Obr OmVo. hr narjm åhUOo ñnYm© narjm§Mm nm¶m. emioVrb [eî¶d¥ËVr YmaH$m§Mr g§»¶m emioÀ¶m bm¡{H$H$mV a Q>mH$Vo åhUyZM ¶m narjoÀ¶m V¶margmR>r {ejH$, {dXçmWu d nmbH$ à¶ËZm§Mr namH$mîR>m H$aVmV AgoM à¶ËZ H$aUmè¶m {ejH$m§Zr {eî¶d¥ËVrVrb ¶emZo AZw^dbo na‘moÀM AmZ§XmMo jU. Ë¶m§À¶m AZw^dm{df¶r...

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{dXçm ‘§{Xa gmoZmir (JmaJmoQ>r), Vm. ^wXaJS>, {O. H$moëhmnya.> ^«‘UÜdZr … 8007719863

23 Owb¡ : bmoH$‘mÝ¶ ~mi J§JmYa {Q>iH$ O¶§Vr (1856)



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25 Owb¡ : Á¶oîR> H$dr dg§V ~mnQ> OÝ‘{XZ (1922)



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(n¥îR> H«$. 38 dê$Z)

26 Owb¡ : A‘br nXmW© {damoYr {XZ.



‘mho OyZ 2020 Mm "OrdZ {ejU' A§H$ dmMbm, IynM ^mdbm. EH$ MwVaò A§H$ dmMë¶mMo AmpË‘H$ g‘mYmZ bm^bo. A§H$mMo ‘wIn¥îR> d ‘bn¥îR> A{Ve¶ g‘n©H$ AgyZ; ‘bn¥îR>mdarb "emim âob H$m¶' ¶m H${dVoV H$moamoZmÀ¶m nmíd©^y‘rda, emionmgyZ d {‘Ìm§nmgyZ Xÿa am{hboë¶m d X¡Z§{XZ OrdZmMr KS>r {dñH$Q>boë¶m, EH$m ‘wbmÀ¶m ^mdZm à^mdrnUo ‘m§S>Ê¶mMm ‘Zmoha ‘mohao gam§Mm àm‘m{UH$ à¶ËZ H$m¡VwH$mñnX Amho. VgoM bdH$amV bdH$a S>m°³Q>am§Zr bg emoYyZ H$moamoZmbm Kmbdmdo d JwéOr Am{U ~mBªZr bdH$a emim admdr, hr ‘wbmÀ¶m A§V‘©ZmVyZ Ambobr hmH$ ~aoM H$mhr gm§JyZ OmVo.

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Pmë¶m‘wio A§H$ hdmhdmgm dmQ>Vmo. S>m°. ~~Z OmoJX§S> d amdgmho~ {eVmoio ¶m§Zr ‘hm‘mZd S>m°. ~m~mgmho~ Am§~oS>H$a ¶m§À¶m OrdZmVrb àg§Jm§Mr g‘n©H$nUo ‘m§S>Ur Ho$bobr Amho. Ë¶m‘wio Vo boI Amåhm§ {ejH$ d {dXçmÏ¶mªgmR>r {XemXe©H$ AmhoV. 22 E{àb OmJ{VH$ dgw§Yam {XdgmMr a§JZmW ZmB©H$S>o ¶m§Zr {Xbobr ‘m{hVr IynM N>mZ Amho. AmO Iè¶m AWm©Zo dgw§Yaobm AmZ§X hmoV Agob H$s, {VMr H$moamoZm ‘hm‘marÀ¶m bm°H$S>mD$Z‘wio H$m hmoB©Zm, àXÿfUmnmgyZ nyU©nUo ‘w³VVm Pmbobr Amho. ñdÀN> ewX²Y hdoMm AmnU gmao ‘Z‘wamX AmZ§X KoV AmhmoV. àXÿfUmMr nmVir IynM H$‘r Pmbobr Amho. ew m§{JZr dmg{ZH$ ¶m§Zr H$moamoZmg {b{hboë¶m nÌmMr OZOmJ¥Vr H$aÊ¶mg ‘XV hmoUma Amho. "~mobr^mfoH$Sy>Z à‘m{UV ^mfoH$S>o ZoUmar emim' hm boI J«m‘rU ^mJmVrb {ejH$m§gmR>r Cn¶w³V Amho.

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¶mnwT>o CÝhmir gwQ²>Q>rÀ¶m H$mbmdYrV ‘o ‘{hÝ¶mMm A§H$ ’$³V {dXçmÏ¶mªZr {b{hboë¶m gm{hË¶mVyZ àH$m{eV ìhmdm. Ë¶mVyZ Ë¶m§À¶m ^md{dídmMm R>md KoUmè¶m H$Wm, H${dVm, JmoîQ>r, AZw^d d {MÌo àH$m{eV Ho$ë¶mg "OrdZ {ejU' A§H$mÀ¶m ‘mÜ¶‘mVyZ ^{dî¶mVrb boIH$, H$dr d {MÌH$ma {Z‘m©U hmoÊ¶mg dmd {‘iob Ago dmQ>Vo. nwT>rb dmQ>Mmbrg hm{X©H$ ewôÀN>m.

lr. gmho~amd har Jw§Omi

{O. n. àmW. emim dmgmir. nmo. Í¶§~H$, {O. Zm{eH$.

27 Owb¡ : S>m°. E. nr. Oo. AãXþb H$bm‘ ñ‘¥{V{XZ (2015)



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Final File 3-42 NEW 26-7-2020 - MAA · OrdZ {ejU / Owb¡ 2020 5 Runa raphis / Comp1/E / Jeean Shikshan 2020 /July/Open ile / 1) Inner Pages / Proof -IV/26-07-2020 Amnë`m {à` _mV¥^y_r{df`r,