Importance of Corporate social Responsibility in retail industry: A case study of Tesco and Morrison.

Undergraduate Major Project Department: All LAIBS Department Module code:- Supervisor: Dubin Kennath

Academic Year: 2015/16Semester/Trimester: 1&2

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Abstract

The research seeks the policy and concepts of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in this current business environment. This research will find out the importance of CSR for a business to running a smooth business in a globe and how an organization can achieve a competitive advantage over his competitors being socially responsible to his society. According to Carroll (1979) means the social responsibility as the legal, economic, ethical and discretionary expectations of the society where the organisation need to fulfil toward the society.

This dissertations address discussion on the UK’s supermarkets that is Tesco Plc. And Morrison’s. This is followed by an issue of CSR policy by supermarket to maintain the positive relationship with customers.The analysis of CSR on the retail industry to meet the performance goal- a case between Tesco Plc. And Morrison’s is to examine the impact of corporate social responsibility for maintaining positive customer’s relationship. In today’s market has evolved from mainly a distress place to a central part of many consumer’s grocery buying habits. This market change has focus on the top grocery retailers. The supermarket have helped by broadening the demand that supermarket can fulfil by increasing range, concentrate on fresh product by providing different type of solutions to food(Mintel report, 2015).

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Abstract

Key facts

List of tables

Lists of figures…….

Table of Content

1.0 Introduction1.1 Background of study1.2 Research Problem1.3 Research Questions1.4 Research Objective

2.0 Literature review…………………2.1 Introduction of CSR in UK Retail Sector2.2 Values and Theory of CSR 2.3 Strategy of CSR2.4 Customers Loyalty as marketing tool in CSR2.5 Chapter Summary

3.0 Methodology ……………..3.1 Research Design3.2 Case Study Method3.3 Collection of Data 3.4 Data Interpretation3.5 Chapter Summary

4.0 Findings and analysis…..4.1 5.0 Conclusion………………. 5.16.0 References……………

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1.0 Introduction

This chapter provides a background information and history of CSR towards maintaining the positive relation with consumers. It provides the overall retail industry situation of supermarkets in U.K and how they maintain their relation towards their customers and society. Main question and objectives are set as guidelines for the remainder of this research.

1.1 Background information and History of CSRCorporate social responsibility is the most vital measure to the corporate as there are many issue arise to the organisation to its society and environment. As organisations they to run its operation in the society they also need to donate towards to the society. According to Collin and Alan (2013) corporate social responsibility is a complex grouping of ideas and practices aimed at expressing the changing interests and the concerns felt by individuals group within and outside corporations. The concept of corporate social responsibility was started in the US half century ago. (Carroll, 2008)

It highlight the integration of stake holder’s society, environment and others concerns into corporations business operations. (Economist, 2005). It can also defines as a business approach with open and transparent business practise, ethical behaviour, respect for stakeholders and a commitment to add economic, social and environmental value; the UK’s Department for business innovation and skills.(Sustainability, 2005)

Corporate social responsibility has been popular in North America for many years (Matten & Moon, 2008). This concept has been wide spread to Europe and other countries and some country it become trendy for corporation who engage in CSR. European commission define CSR it is a concept whereby companies integrate social and environmental concerns in their business operations and in their interaction with their stakeholders in voluntary basis. A membership corporation consisting of many European companies, has define the following as the main elements of CSR-activities: employees and customers and supplies

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1.2 CSR policy in U.K supermarket

CSR policy of top U.K supermarket are more based on agriculture programmes.UK’s largest retailers policies are link with their farmers to giving more business with profitable and sustainability. They are committed to solve the social and environment problem related to the food, farming and natural resource which help them to adopt the CSR policy. Many high street supermarket have their own community in local area. Others also set up click and collection point for charity and surplus food to charities. (nfuonline, 2007). In terms of electricity, supermarket have installed solar panels to reduced energy consumption and set up eco-friendly in store. They do international charity job. When customer shop a school uniform from Tesco, on other side they donate uniform to a child where this clothes were manufacture. (Tesco Plc. 2015) In terms of Environment supermarket are reducing waste and solving the climate change problem and improve sustainability development. With use of recycle material they are taking care of the planet. They are using environment friendly technique and investing in CSR with development of business by taking care of consumers and local communities. (Morrions’s Plc, 2015)Ethical consumerism is evolving into an important part of modern life where by ecological, ethical and social concerns are becoming a social norm influencing customer’s attitudes Result of the emergence of ethical consumerism (needs to be references)

1.3 Research Problem

This research will be based on this topic which is UK largest supermarket such as Tesco and Morrison’s will to be looking. These two supermarket business are financial successfully. Tesco is with large market share on the retail supermarket

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industry. Any activities for the society and environment will highly effects the performance.

Research problem will concerned with CSR policy of Tesco. And Morrison’s Plc. which will make question further questions which will be research question help towards answer the research problem. They earning many advantages from the society and environment, it is there accountabilities to return some part to them also. They complete their responsibilities through different ways such as providing jobs, create more green environment, and balance between the advantage and plunders towards the people.(Wilson J., 2012)

1.4Research Question The following questions to the research knowledge focus around corporate social responsibility in retail sector for maintaining the customer relations in comparison between Morrison’s and Tesco Plc. It will set limitations for literature review. Methodology and appeal collected conclusions from investigation. (Wilson, 2010)

1.3.1 CSR add value to meet the target result goal of retail sector?1.3.2 How does the business sector manage with corporate social responsibility strategies? 1.3.2 Does business follow CSR to get the customers loyalty?

1.5 Research Objective

The important goal of the proposed project is to know the importance of the CSR to maintaining the positive relations with consumers.

The research will look to know why customers effect the company performance and efficiency in retail industry and how Morrison will increase the market share and tried to take their competitive advantage.

The main goal of the research

1. To know the clear difference between the theoretical and practical knowledge of corporate social responsibility?

2. To know importance of corporate social responsibility for business? 3. What is the result on the performance of business with the help of corporate

social responsibility?

1.6Chapter Summary

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This chapter explained the background about corporate social responsibility. This project revolves around the perceptions formed from maintaining positives with customers. It uses case study and database to address research questions and objective.

2.1 Introduction to Literature ReviewIn this chapter selective literature is contrasted and compared will discussed.(Yin, 2012) First section of the review, construct background and context for the topic by describing CSR in retail sector. Established on the other scholarly researches, this part of the literature review also reveals value that added to retail sector and theory behind its implantation. The Second section, addressed the CSR strategies that retailers manage to focus the study. As many research findings, disadvantages and theories of CSR of this study, are also reviewed.Lastly, third part of this section, reveals the loyalty of customers use a tool as a marketing of CSR strategies.

2.2 Introduction of CSR in U.K Retail Sector

In recent years the concept of CSR have be seen as direct response to the increase awareness of the public on society and environment issue. CSR is “a concept whereby companies integrate societal and environment concerns in their business operations and in their interaction with their stakeholders on a voluntary basis” (European commission, 2001). The aim of CSR is to create business operation and culture sustainable in economic, social and ecological aspects. The economic aspects consider the internal and external impact that corporation activity on the company stakeholders and society surrounding. The social dimension deals with management’s obligation to make decisions and actions that will contribute to the welfare and interest of society. While the ecological refers with the actions undertake by the company to save the environment.(Jones et al., 2008)

Retailing in U.K is a large, diverse and dynamic sector of the UK economy which offers an ever-increasing range of products and services to its consumers. The majority of the U.K retailers say that their engage in CSR. This search will revealed will variation further and CSR reports will be available on World Wide Web of retailer website. Thus majority retails published relatively CSR report online. Marks and spencer (2007) which integrated CSR which it see as being central to the business is runs its operations. More deeply the company issue its report of ‘Plan’, a long term strategy for CSR, on health and fair trading partner, climate change, waste, sustainable raw material claiming that it will only succeed of it ‘fully integrated into the way we do business.’ In a similar term Morrison’s (2007) it says that ‘sustainable as integral to the way we do business and as such, it is our licence to operate’. (Martin George Wynn, 2014)

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U.K food retail market has different perspective of CSR in food retailing: such as in-store marketing, environmentally friendly product assortment, assurance of employment and many more. Last few decades retail sector is becoming more focussed, which says that a decrease in the growth and sales of products of conveniences retailers and rise in market share of large retailers of product. (K. Petkal and I. Stulec, 2015)

Retailers use CSR reports as a main tool for communication its commitment and sustainable towards its goal and objective. Reports were analysed on the method called ‘three columns of sustainability’: the environment, the society and the responsibility. Retailers more focus on topics of environment and society such as water consumption, waste reduction, recycling, genetically modified food and good neighbour in the communities in which they run business, health and safety of employees, as well participation in charitable initiatives. (P.Jones, D. Comfort. and D. Hiller, 2014)

It is can said that it is difficult to find the economic impact with CSR is difficult to find. For instance such ‘market operation’ and ‘ethical trading’ are the economic aspects of sustainability, but few retail use this approach which impact their operation. It is economic sharing, big retailers mainly via employment or pay of their employees, retained earnings, shareholder dividend and taxes of government. British retailers recognize the impact of their operation on the environment, economy and society and few are already developed key performance indicator’s (KPI)’s in order to measure their progress, results and match the performance with sector standards and objective set by government.(K petlljek. and I Stulec, 2015)

Research on sustainability of UK’s leading retailer’s companies’ website found that each retailers used his own approach towards CSR and there are some common issue such as the employees, community, assurance to customers and environment. Authors using the research on the UK retailers promote health food products as parts of its guarantee to CSR and also how those promotion are running in retail stores. It is seen that there are an important difference between that how they communicate ‘health eating’ promotion, which is not always same to which is communicated in the store. (K Petljak. and I Stulec., 2015)

Moir (2001) has summarised three main theories that have been used to explain CSR have been briefly. Stakeholder theory means that it create understanding for companies to identify the wants and need of their stakeholders it can be investors, governments, employees, communities, customers and suppliers should be see in corporate strategy. Social contract theory is that companies adopt because it can be seen that how society expects from the companies to operate in their interest. Legitimacy theory consider that society decentralize power to business and in return

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it expects them to use that grants in responsibly used. (P. Jones, M. Wynn, Comfort D, and D Hillier, 2014)

2.2.1 CSR Values in Retail Sector of Caroll’s Pyramid modal of social Responsibilities

CSR values in retail sector are important for business that it’s add responsibility beyond the actual reality of a firm’s social responsibility. The most vital theory of CSR is Pyramid of social Responsibility. According to ( Caroll, 1991) states that corporation responsibility in firms is first obligation is to earn profit. Conversely, it also find out that corporation should main aim to expand business and provide society with fair prices in goods and services. Going upwards in Pyramid, Carroll figure out the responsibility which are legal, ethical and philanthropic which a corporation have to face after to its economic responsibilities. Legal responsibility are known as parallel or codified ethics with economics responsibility. Ethical Responsibility are branch of business ethics movement that are increasing the bar for the responsibility and emphasizing on higher results from leaders in corporation. On other hand, Philanthropic responsibilities are those action in business that make business leaders to act in a good corporate citizens. Thus, it can be said that the pyramid made up of certain level which differentiate between voluntary and compulsory responsibilities.( )

(need reference for pictures)

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It was argued (Griseri and Sepalla, 2010) that in the pyramid the responsibility are in not any way in sequential, but are mutually limited. It may not possible to meet the legal responsibilities, but may be complete it’s the ethical needs. This framework of CSR can help to verify and differentiate the ‘conflicts and motives’ that are behind corporate behavior. However, the pyramid does not direct the priorities or forecast for decision making. The four part framework has been most likely been successful in surrounding a variety of meaning and concerns of social responsibility. Therefore, the economic responsibilities are the most wider and extensive in scope can be known. It can also be said that the top of the pyramid are voluntary in responsibilities which are call philanthropic responsibilities. However, in caroll major theoretical accomplishment is to achieve that social responsibilities are to be implemented by organization independently despite what is laws required. Thus, moral responsibility and ethics is the incentive needed by corporation in order to eliminate problems from the social community. 2.2.2 The Triple bottom line (People, Profit, Planet) model of CSRThe aim of the triple P bottom line according to (Norman and Macdonald, 2004) suggest that business final success cannot only be measured using financial line, but also by environmental, societal and ethical performance. The value of the stakeholders should be put forward while make decision in organization issue. The concept also stable that generally satisfaction of the responsibility of stakeholder should be calculated and recorded. It is important for organization component to search of profit, with the care for social concerns and care for environment, both important for firm as a value creating concerning for society. According to the (John P. Wilson, 2015) it is argued that triple bottom line of people, planet and profit provide the basic for developing sustainable modal. It help to achieve the competitive advantage for firm. The firm should only be devoted to generating profit, but it should also try for creation of value inside or outside the organizations, as well as responsible for the green environment. It also means that in order to succeed for the long period, an organization must fulfills the needs of community for their products and services. It has been argued that climate change in present time is major challenge globally facing in this 21st century. It can be major opportunity for the organization to recognize the advantages for them in their future to adopt this strategies for saving the planet and business in future from climate change. Therefore, it can be climate change that will be competitive advantage for organization to achieve its sustainable goal. But it should not be profit to be only one purpose for corporation, they should take cost of society or planet, reasons is organization can have many worse effects at the time period.

2.2.3 CSR theory of Competitive advantageCompetitive advantage in CSR is the extreme importance that it can be the cost effective way to solve the competitive environment, even as corporate philanthropy can be as wisely. (Porter and Kramer, 2002) suggest that a relationship between

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potential opportunities for organization and CSR in terms of productivity, person competence and economy opportunities, can be identified and if get misused in environment, can be helpful to improve the standard of the organization environment. Furthermore, it is determined that for establishing competitive advantage out of CSR strategy is to disperse unclear contributing. They suggested that well organized and programed CSR strategy help to archive the goal, future needs, and increase goodwill for the business. Social issue should be go with the business philosophy of corporate.

Report by Porter and Kramer (2006), another report of main competitive advantage can achievable through CSR is the decreasing of the operational expenses. More than that, investing in eco-friendly or societal beneficial product can become gain in cost advantages in matter when they in late come either standard of product or regulated by government. Consequently, firms get competitive advantage from CSR activities through positive marketing and increase the reputation. Thus, the concept when matches to dissertation goals will help to get understanding whether the objective of organization in UK retail industry follow the CSR strategy with their goal of firms, in order to get benefits from competitive advantages in the UK retail Market.

2.2.4 Corporate Citizenship2.2.5 Corporate philanthropy 2.2.6 Environment Ethics 2.2.7 Virtue Ethics

There are five key drivers have influence the increasing business focus on that are greater stakeholder awareness of Corporate ethical, social and environmental behavior; direct stakeholder pressures; investor peer pressure and an increase sense of social responsibility.(Ernest and Young, 2002)

CSR to be seen as have many potential advantages.(Bevan et. al 2004) That are improved financial performance and profitability, decrease operation cost, long-term goal for sustainability, improve staff involvement and motivation. Increased strengths for research and development, better relation with society and government, improved reputation and brand loyalty and making the closer relations with consumers and fulfilling their need.(P. Jones et. Al.2007)

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There were few other author argument against companies integrating CSR. Friedmann (1982) said that it is only one social responsibility of business is to use its resources and engage in operation that are considered to increase its profits in long run as it remain within the boundary, which is to said that engage in free competition without any fraud. It was argue that in current business environment that is commitment to CSR is decrease and by corporation will reduce welfare and weakens the market. (Khan Nadeem and Kakabadse N. 2013)

2.1.2 Corporate social responsibility strategies in Retail sector.

Retailer use reports on CSR as an important tool for communicating its commitment and sustainable development achievements.it can be analyzed with using the ‘three pillars of sustainability’ that are the environment, the society and the responsibility of Retailers. It helps to identify which of these part of the knowledge included in the CSR reports. Retail are most focus on the society and environment factor, for instance water consumption, waste reduction, recycling, product which are genetically manufacture and maintain being a good neighbor in society in which they running its business, healthy working environment of employee.(Jone, P. Comfort D.,&Hillier D.,2005)

Retail in U.K understand the impact of their operation on the society, economy and environment. They Key performance indicators to measure their progress, results and compare the result with sector standards and objectives set by government. Jones, Hillier and comfort argue that each of the retailers has his own approach towards the corporate social responsibility and there is important difference in the scope of the processing reports. (Petljak K. & Stulec I.2015)

U.K’s retailers include assurance as an integral part of CSR reporting process, U.K’s top food retailers, draw by market share (Pie chart 1).Retails use many methods to communicate and report on sustainability and this methods are ‘product labels, packaging, media relations, newsletter, website, online advertisement, posters, word-of mouth.(European commission Directorate- General for enterprise, n.d). Importance of online communication is become as part of main CSR strategy has grown rapidly. (CSR Europe, 2009). The vast majority of corporation have published the possible CSR report on worldwide web as a reporting tool about achievements and agendas regarding sustainability and has argument that it’s up to date,

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interactivity and complexity to handle the value that adds to the reporting stages. (Jones P., Hillier D.,and Comfort D. 2014)

(Source: - Mintel, 2015). Leading retailers: Market shares, 2013

Stakeholder are consider to be primary which are internal within the retail sector or secondary in retail sector are external stakeholder (Jones, 2005).This stakeholder which considered by an corporation as being consumer, employees, business partner, NGOs, local communities, and the natural environment determined by Neville et al. (2005), and also important to consider external stakeholder such as financial institution, investors and government. This activities which are related to internal and external stakeholder can take towards a strategic approach to CSR.(Bhattacharyya, 2010)

CSR benefits for stakeholder includes both tangible and intangible benefits for stakeholders. It was determined that business should match its ethical results, identify areas for changing and then forwards to their stakeholders.(Manning et al.

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2006). The theory of corporate social performance is set of description about its activities of business, which focus on the result and impacts for stakeholder, society and corporation itself it was mentioned by wood (2010).

Corporate strategy is evaluate by the stakeholder to match their result that has affected the external business environment. They experience the effect of behavior of corporation which influence the goals and objective that are developed by them for the interests, experiences and expectation from stakeholder.(Louise Manning, 2013)

2.1.3 Does business follow CSR to get the customers loyalty?

Loyalty means it has diversity concept in that it is meaning and measured.( J dawes., L Waarden. and C driesener, 2014) Author said that loyalty towards a brand compulsory includes positive behavioral trend and positive attitudes about that brand to buy it.(Jacoby and Kyner, 1973). Loyalty differentiate between the brands in a section than the number of buyers for particular brand. It argue that brand rise, the change in diffusion larger than loyalty changes.(Dawes,2009)

Loyalty means it is the action to increase the sales by consumers. It would rise in the profit of the corporation for long period of time. There are some factors that have analyzed in past which are to be customer loyalty include consumer trust, brand personality, loyalty programs and others. Research said that customer loyalty seems to have corporation’s commitment to CSR initiatives to enhance it. (Rahman and Rashid, 2015)

Loyal customers are said to be the most vital drive of corporations’ long period of time in financial investment, which take to increase market share, decline in costs and increase price. Researchers said that it put impact on corporate image as a strategically important tool from which customer loyalty could be adopted. (Rahman and Rashid, 2015)

Bronn and Vrioni,(2001) suggest that Cause related marketing (CSR) will rise loyalty and construct corporate reputation by attracting customers to crease a difference in community through their buying habit. However, they said that it will impact on organization of marketing campaigns relay on the how consumer identify and suspicion the total advantage to corporation and cause-related program will be reasons for an organization’s engagement.(Manning L., 2013)

According to Brink et al. (2006) Consumers do identify a significantly enhance level of brand loyalty as result of strategic CRM. There is a limitation they must identify organizational long-term goal towards commitment and it has lower involvement of product which makes CSR more effective. On the contrary scholars said that CRM strategic do not have effect on brand loyalty due to consumer skepticism. This can be that the impact on CSR in supply chain which dynamics has negative and positive effects. Thus, CSR activity to have a direct effect on brand and corporate loyalty such behavior must implemented in a long run and organizational strategy.

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CSR model recognized the advantages of knowledge enhancing and information system. The growth of loyalty card system and the technology which is leading the growth of online shopping, observes how these tools can change both consumer attitudes and supply chain. (Andersen and Skjeott-Larsen,2009) . It was argument that this has given allowable retailers to collect data from consumers which increase the expansion of supply chain. Mawatt and Cox (2003) in conclusion they said that it the opportunity to collect and identify the information about consumer buying trends and habit through the information collection, internet order and consequent data mining which help the change to quick-in-time buying, the ability of retailers to focus on smaller target market make them more correctly.(Manning L. 2013)

This modal determines the strength to analyses, and react upon, complicated buying options where there is balance between ethical and consumerism consideration is consider to be personal and unpredictable for each consumer product in shopping basket is critical to be successful in retail sector. The corporation have to understand, forecast and effect to maintain good balance between the financial, environmental and social issue, which is initiative for CSR will influence business brand value. (Manning L., 2013)

2.2 Chapter Summary

Organization is known as the engine of the community, where owners are the primary applicants, and stakeholder are the secondary preferences. It is a concept which has ethical parts inside such as reinforcing relationships between individuals and communities, risk avoidance and setting standards for products and suppliers for smooth running business competence (Mcintosh et al, 1998). In relation to dissertation objectives, the concept of …… The directors of their retail companies should put themselves on a goals in serving social interest. This evaluation from literature would prove beneficial towards the development of research objectives.

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3.0 Methodology

This chapter explain the methodology applied in this thesis. The chapter is start with appropriate methods of collection of data, research design, method, procedure process and modal for finding and analysis for chapter 4.

3.1 Research Design

It is detailed framework or plan that helps to guide you through research objective. It means based on which plan information were analysed and gathered. It also state, how there is linked between chosen methods with the previous scholars and with the Research Objective.(J. Wilson, 2014).Literature review played vital role in formation of the methodology and research topic background of this research project. It create gap for this project and identified reasonable answer pf the theories and practical knowledge of the study. It include different technique of collection of data from Website of retailers. (Yin, 2012)

3.2 Case Study MethodCase study design is practical enquiry that investigate a current phenomenon in real life situation, when the border between framework and phenomenon are proved. (Robert Yin, 2003). It’s generally involves an analysis an in-depth about an organisations, individual person and groups of persons or particular industry. This method of research give possibilities to get CSR strategy and theory implemented in practical life and Customer loyalty increase with CSR formation. It goes beyond its gather information that available.

It can be divided on the basis of single and multiple case study. The first most single case study involves the research studies on single case, while other analysis many cases. (J. Wilson, 2014)Case study approach provided possibilities to understand difficult situation- CSR performance, in the frame of its practical implications and go

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beyond its separate variables. According to (Yin, 2009), said that Flexibility and applicability approach to research can delivered broad variety of answer to address research objective and in-depth knowledge.

3.3 Collection of DataThis report work mainly attempted to explain and analysis “how and why that happened”?(Collis and Hussay 2009, p.82).This required to answers explanatory question of the design, ‘how’ and ‘what’ question (Yin,2012) in the context of the different types of theory and arguments, concerning to the implemented strategy of the CSR in retail sector.

CSR report of retail organization will utilized. Website will be used as a data portal to gather the information. All the fundamental information, whether in crude or outlined structure, would be removed subjectively, with a specific end goal to add to examine the findings. Addition, some retail organization will likewise be utilized for information accumulation, keeping in mind the end objective to reach the exploration goals.(Wilson J.,2014 )The research will be based on secondary sources collection. This will started using qualitative research method by examining and interpreting information from qualitative case data in regards to CSR theory in retail organisations, strategy implemented by Tesco and Morrison and Organizations follow CSR to customer loyalty in Tesco Plc. and Morrison’s.(Wilson J., 2014)

In addition, the case was selected on the bases of the relatively to the research objective, with combinations of its critical problem for the report study. Focusing particularly case analysis of Tesco Plc. And Morrison, purpose of proceedings of this report was accomplishable. Furthermore, it was relevant CSR policy in retail industry, which was related with its strategy and theory of CSR in other competitors.

3.4 Case study data interpretation and analysis This research is based on the secondary sources, data will mostly documentary, those question could be interpreted and analysis by the currently data already published. Moreover, to build validity proof of the study, other sources and substantial were used. (Wilson J., 2014) Information about the case available from the Tesco Plc. And Morrisons Plc. Websites, that includes its newspaper reports, annual reports and official publications. Additionally, other information about corporation, was gathered from the varied

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This case study analysis will proceeds an organised approach. The case study analysis require from the website of organisation and article in Newspapers or published journal. It must be structured into clear and simple read form (Wilson J, 2014). This help the case analysis by looking at related information subjective to the research questions.

3.5 Chapter Summary

This report is based on the interpreted based on exploratory interpretation with some explicit analysis of the related case events. (Wilson, 2014). Each and Every data of collected and studied source will be references with guidelines of the University Harvard Referencing Systems. More than that, since due to ethical problem, data will be sourced with academic references. This will guide towards a broad view to make on CSR’s theory and strategy for Tesco plc. And Morrison’s organizations.

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4.0 Finding and Analysis

5.0 Conclusion, Limitation and Future Research

List of Article1. Creel, T.(2011), ‘Corporate social responsibility: an examination of practices

in retail industry’ Management Accounting Quarterly,[internet]. Available at: <http://go.galegroup.com/ps/retrieve.do?sort=RELEVANCE&docType=Article&tabID=T002&prodId=AONE&searchId=R1&resultListType=RESULT_LIST&searchType=AdvancedSearchForm&cont

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entSegment=&currentPosition=1&searchResultsType=SingleTab&inPS=true&userGroupName=anglia_itw&docId=GALE%7CA272739895&contentSet=GALE%7CA272739895&u=anglia_itw&authCount=1 > [Accessed on 30th October]

2. Corporate social responsibility: a case study of the UK's leading food retailers: British Food Journal: Vol 107, No 6. (2015). British Food Journal. [online] Available at: http://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/full/10.1108/00070700510602192 [Accessed 1 Nov. 2015].

3. Hart, T. and Sharfman, M. (2012). Assessing the Concurrent Validity of the Revised Kinder, Lydenberg, and Domini Corporate Social Performance Indicators. Business & Society, 54(5), pp.575-598.

4. Sciencedirect.com, (2015). Has brand loyalty declined? A longitudinal analysis of repeat purchase behavior in the UK and the USA. [online] Available at: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0148296314002033 [Accessed 3 Nov. 2015].

5. Sciencedirect.com, (2015). A feedback-based model for CSR assessment and materiality analysis.[online] Available at: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0155998215000265 [Accessed 3 Nov. 2015].

6. Corporate and consumer social responsibility in the food supply chain: British Food Journal: Vol 115, No 1. (2015). British Food Journal. [online] Available at: http://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/pdfplus/10.1108/00070701311289858 [Accessed 2 Nov. 2015].

7. Jones, P., Wynn, M., Comfort, D. and Hillier, D. (2008). Corporate Social Responsibility and UK Retailers. [online] ResearchGate. Available at: http://www.researchgate.net/publication/236152089_Corporate_Social_Responsibility_and_UK_Retailers [Accessed 1 Nov. 2015].

8. Creel, T.(2011), ‘Corporate social responsibility: an examination of practices in retail industry’ Management Accounting Quarterly,[internet]. Available at: <http://go.galegroup.com/ps/retrieve.do?sort=RELEVANCE&docType=Article&tabID=T002&prodId=AONE&searchId=R1&resultListType=RESULT_LIST&searchType=AdvancedSearchForm&contentSegment=&currentPosition=1&searchResultsType=SingleTab&inPS=true&userGroupName=anglia_itw&docId=GALE%7CA272739895&contentSet=GALE%7CA272739895&u=anglia_itw&authCount=1 > [Accessed on 30th October]

9. CSR: the co-evolution of grocery multiples in the UK (2005-2010): Social Responsibility Journal: Vol 10, No 1. (2015). Social Responsibility Journal. [online] Available at: http://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/abs/10.1108/SRJ-06-2012-0069 [Accessed 5 Nov. 2015].

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http://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/pdfplus/10.1108/00070701311289858

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0155998215000265

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0148296314002033

http://bas.sagepub.com/content/54/5/575.full.pdf+html

<http://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/full/10.1108/00070700510602192 >

http://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/pdfplus/10.1108/00070701311289858

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3.0 Methodology

This chapter explain the methodology applied in this thesis. The chapter is start with appropriate methods of collection of data, research design, method, procedure process and modal for finding and analysis for chapter 4.

3.6 Research Design

It is detailed framework or plan that helps to guide you through research objective.It means based on which plan information were analysed and gathered. It also state, how there is linked between chosen methods with the previous scholars and with the Research Objective.(J. Wilson, 2014).Literature review played vital role in formation of the methodology and research topic background of this research project. It create gap for this project and identified reasonable answer pf the theories and practical knowledge of the study.(Yin, 2012)

3.7 Research paradigm

3.8 Research Approach3.9 Collection of Data

3.10 Case Study Design Case study design is practical enquiry that investigate a current phenomenon in real life situation, when the border between framework and phenomenon are proved.(Robert Yin, 2003). It’s generallyinvolves an analysis an in-depth about an organisations, individual person and groups of persons or particular industry.

It can be divided on the basis of single and multiple case study. The first most single case study involves the research studies on single case, while other analysis many cases. (J. Wilson, 2014)

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Case study approach provided possibilities to understand difficult situation- CSR performance, in the frame of its practical implications and go beyond its separate variables. This research will explain and analysed about how and why that thing happened? (Collis and Hussay 2009, )

2.5 Chapter Summary

Compare and contrast on hypothesis of each questionMake argument of author, develop main hypothesis Compare on casePossible answer based on literature

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