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Figure 6-1. Hydrogeologic cross section through the Willis Avenue plant area, September 22 and 23, 1992
Source: O�Brien and Gere (1999). Exponent, 2001c
420
400
380
360
340
320
280
300
420
400
380
360
340
320
280
300
EL
EV
AT
ION
IN F
EE
T A
BO
VE
(m
sl)
EL
EV
AT
ION
IN F
EE
T A
BO
VE
(m
sl)
S
Onondaga Lake
N
Ground Surface
Fill
Till
Siltand
Sand
Marl
Peat
Clay/Marl
400
396
394
392
388
384
380
378
376
372
368
364
Bedrock
A7M
W
PS
3/3D
Trib
utar
y 5A
App
roxi
mat
eLo
catio
n
44 WA
7S/I/
D
WA
2S/I/
D
LEGEND
Groundwater flow line
Equipotential line
Screened interval
4000100Feet
Bedrock
WA-3I
WA-3D
WA-3S
WA-7S WA-7I
WA-7D
WA-4D
WA-4S
WA-4I
I-690DRAINAGE PIPE
GROUND SURFACE
WA-1s
WA-7s
∆ (470 ft)
CROSS SECTION SCHEMATIC ALONG LINE A - A'
23 *∆ (313 ft)
Figure 6-3. Comparison of chloride profiles with model predictions forseveral velocity scenarios
0
100
200
300
400
500
0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000
CHLORIDE (mg/L)
DE
PT
H (
cm)
-0.020 cm/day
-0.0023 cm/day
-3.0 & -3.6 cm/day
-0.000001 cm/day
PTI (1994)
Effler (1990)
LEGEND
Source: Exponent, 2001c
Figure 6-4. Comparison of chloride profiles with model predictions forupward (-) and downward (+) velocities
0
100
200
300
400
500
0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000
CHLORIDE (mg/L)
DE
PT
H (
cm)
PTI (1994)
Effler (1990)
LEGEND
-0.0001 cm/day
-0.001 cm/day
+0.0001 cm/day
+0.001 cm/day
Source: Exponent, 2001c
Figure 6-5. Estimated chloride concentrations in porewater in Onondaga Lake
CHLORIDE (mg/L)M
IDD
LE O
F H
OR
IZO
N D
EP
TH
(cm
)
0
30
60
90
120
150
180
0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 30,00025,000
S52 (18.9 m)
S56 (16.6 m)
S57 (18.3 m)
S65 (17.1 m)
S102 (17.4 m)
S98 (16.8 m)
All other profundal cores
LEGEND
Source: Exponent, 2001c
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0
5
10
15
20
25
30Profundal Porewater
S303 S354 S355
Dis
solv
ed M
ercu
ry (n
g/L)
Depth (cm)
0-4 4-8Overlying Water
1
10
100
1000
104
105
Littoral Porewater
S305 S344S402 S405
Dis
solv
ed M
ercu
ry (n
g/L)
(Log
Sca
le)
Depth (cm)
0-4 4-8Overlying Water
TAMSFigure 6-7
Mercury Detected in Sediment Porewater from the Littoral and Profundal Zones in Onondaga Lake (2000)
0 5 10 15 20
0 2 4 6 8 10
0
5
10
15
20
Event 2, 10/15/99
Sulfides (mg/L)
Dissolved Oxygen (mg/L)
Dep
th (m
)
0 5 10 15 20
0 2 4 6 8 10
0
5
10
15
20
Event 1, 9/27/99
Sulfides (mg/L)
Dissolved Oxygen (mg/L)
Dep
th (m
)
Figure 6-8Sulfides and Dissolved Oxygen Profiles
TAMS
0 5 10 15 20
0 2 4 6 8 10
0
5
10
15
20
Event 3, 10/25/99
SulfidesSouth (mg/L)
SulfidesNorth (mg/L)
Dissolved OxygenSouth (mg/L)
Dissolved OxygenNorth (mg/L)
Sulfides (mg/L)
Dissolved Oxygen (mg/L)
Dep
th (m
)
Note: During Events 4 and 5, sulfides were not detected.
TAMS
Figure 6-9Cumulative Mercury Load in Sediment Traps for 1992
0
0.00001
0.00002
0.00003
0.00004
0.00005
0.00006
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
North Basin
EpilimnionHypolimnion
10/21/1992
11/24/1992
7/27/1992
8/27/1992
9/23/1992
Cum
ulat
ive
Tota
l Mer
cury
Mas
s (g)
Day in 1992
0
0.00001
0.00002
0.00003
0.00004
0.00005
0.00006
0.00007
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
South Basin
EpilimnionHypolimnion
6/25/1992
7/28/1992
8/26/1992
9/23/1992
10/21/1992
11/24/1992
Cum
ulat
ive
Tota
l Mer
cury
Mas
s (g)
Day in 1992
Figure 6-10Mercury Inventory in Surface Water of Onondaga Lake in 1992 and 1999
TAMS
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
Apr
il
May
June
July
Aug
ust
Sept
embe
r
Oct
ober
Nov
embe
r
Dissolved Mercury (1992)
0-9 mbelow 9 m
196
104153 161
358 343378
138
334
169153
113
338
246 189
227
Inve
ntor
y (g
)
Month (1992)
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
Apr
il
May
June
July
Aug
ust
Sept
embe
r
Oct
ober
Nov
embe
r
Total Mercury (1992)
766
252 276
523
798
927
665
307
686
307 316
434
553
562
424
587
Inve
ntor
y (g
)
Month (1992)
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
9/27
/99
10/1
5/99
10/2
5/99
11/9
/99
12/2
/99
Dissolved Mercury (1999)
824
397
106 95.2 74
151
175
172 157121
Inve
ntor
y (g
)
Date
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
9/27
/99
10/1
5/99
10/2
5/99
11/9
/99
12/2
/99
Total Mercury (1999)
967
634
357
601
371
501
596
491
944
614
Inve
ntor
y (g
)
Date
April - November September - December
April - November September - December
Figure 6-10Mercury Inventory in Surface Water of Onondaga Lake in 1992 and 1999
TAMS
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
Apr
il
May
June
July
Aug
ust
Sept
embe
r
Oct
ober
Nov
embe
r
Dissolved Mercury (1992)
0-9 mbelow 9 m
196
104153 161
358 343378
138
334
169153
113
338
246 189
227
Inve
ntor
y (g
)
Month (1992)
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
Apr
il
May
June
July
Aug
ust
Sept
embe
r
Oct
ober
Nov
embe
r
Total Mercury (1992)
766
252 276
523
798
927
665
307
686
307 316
434
553
562
424
587
Inve
ntor
y (g
)
Month (1992)
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
9/27
/99
10/1
5/99
10/2
5/99
11/9
/99
12/2
/99
Dissolved Mercury (1999)
824
397
106 95.2 74
151
175
172 157121
Inve
ntor
y (g
)
Date
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
9/27
/99
10/1
5/99
10/2
5/99
11/9
/99
12/2
/99
Total Mercury (1999)
967
634
357
601
371
501
596
491
944
614
Inve
ntor
y (g
)
Date
April - November September - December
April - November September - December
Figure 6-11Methylmercury Inventory in Surface Water
of Onondaga Lake in 1992 and 1999
TAMS
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Apr
il
May June
July
Aug
ust
Sept
embe
r
Oct
ober
Nov
embe
r
Dissolved Methylmercury (1992)
0-9 mbelow 9 m
6.66 10
90.7 99.6
149
187
286
33.38.75 8.03
17.4 8.81
8.85
14.4
31.1
65.8
Inve
ntor
y (g
)
Month (1992)
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Apr
il
May
June
July
Aug
ust
Sept
embe
r
Oct
ober
Nov
embe
r
Total Methylmercury (1992)
19.3 31.4
148
239
345
302
397
71.728.1 23
39.6
29.1
23.739.8
104
122
Inve
ntor
y (g
)
Month (1992)
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
9/27
/99
10/1
5/99
10/2
5/99
11/9
/99
12/2
/99
Dissolved Methylmercury (1999)
413
187
55.5 37.8 25.9
93.2
101
87.8
56.241
Inve
ntor
y (g
)
Month (1992)
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
9/27
/99
10/1
5/99
10/2
5/99
11/9
/99
12/2
/99
Total Methylmercury (1999)
366
307
125
9065
144233
208
139
92
Inve
ntor
y (g
)
Date
April - November
April - November
September - December
September - December
N
EW
S
Sawmill Creek
Bloody
Broo
k
Ley C
reek
Onondaga Creek
Harbor Brook
Tributary 5A
Ninemile Creek
West Flume
Ninemile Creek
East Flume
Geddes B
rook
Lake Outlet
#
#
#
#
W2
W1
W15
W16
Figure 6-121992 Sediment Trap
Station Locations
12
37
1517
1919
17
15
Sample location (approximate)%
Location of in lake waste deposit (approximate)Selected NYSDEC wetlands
Bathymetry in meters
LEGEND
500 0 500 1000 Meters
2000 0 2000 4000 FeetOnondaga Lake RI
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
June July August September October November
North Basin
Average Littoral (W15 and W16)Epilimnion (W2)Hypolimnion (W2)
Met
hylm
ercu
ry /
Tota
l Mer
cury
Month
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
June July August September October November
South Basin
Average Littoral (W15 and W16)
Epilimnion (W1)
Hypolimnion (W1)
Met
hylm
ercu
ry /
Tota
l Mer
cury
Month
TAMSFigure 6-13
Ratio of Methylmercury to Total Mercury from Sediment Trap Data from Onondaga Lake (1992)
Note: 1. No data were available for the north basin from the hypolimnion in June and November and the epilimnion in June.
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0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
September October November
Mercury Inventory above 9 m Mercury Inventory below 9 m
Mer
cury
Inve
ntor
y (g
)
Date (1992)
927
665
307
562
424
Figure 6-15Mercury Inventory in Onondaga Lake (1992)
587
TAMS
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
Sep/27 Oct/15 Oct/25 Nov/9 Dec/2
Mercury Inventory above 9 m Mercury Inventory below 9 m
967
634
357
601
371
501
596
491
944
Figure 6-16Mercury Inventory in Onondaga Lake (1999)
614
Mer
cury
Inve
ntor
y (g
)
Event Date
TAMS
0
5
10
15
20
9/24 10/5 10/17 10/29 11/9 11/21 12/2
Con
cent
ratio
n (n
g/L)
Date
Total Mercury Above 9 Meter Depth
TAMS
Note: Concentrations are volume weighted averages
0
5
10
15
20
9/24 10/5 10/17 10/29 11/9 11/21 12/2
UnfilteredDissolvedParticulate (Calculated)
Con
cent
ratio
n (n
g/L)
Date
Total Mercury Below 9 Meter Depth
Figure 6-17
Total Mercury Above and Below 9 Meter Depth (1999)
Figure 6-18Comparison of Total Mercury, Iron and Backscatterance for Event 1, 9/27/99
TAMS
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
0 2 4 6 8 10
0
5
10
15
20
Total Mercury and Dissolved Oxygen
Mercury (ng/L)
Dissolved Oxygen (mg/L)
Dep
th (m
)
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
0 2 4 6 8 10
0
5
10
15
20
Backscatterance and Dissolved Oxygen
Backscatterance (m-1)
Dissolved Oxygen (mg/L)
Dep
th (m
)
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6
0 2 4 6 8 10
0
5
10
15
20
Total Iron and Dissolved Oxygen
Iron (mg/L)
Dissolved Oxygen (mg/L)
Dep
th (m
)
Other ParameterNorth Basin
Other ParameterSouth Basin
Dissolved OxygenSouth Basin
Dissolved OxygenNorth Basin
Figure 6-19Comparison of Total Mercury, Iron and Backscatterance for Event 2, 10/15/99
TAMS
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
0 2 4 6 8 10
0
5
10
15
20
Total Mercury and Dissolved Oxygen
Mercury (ng/L)
Dissolved Oxygen (mg/L)
Dep
th (m
)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
0
5
10
15
20
Backscatterance and Dissolved Oxygen
Backscatterance (m-1)
Dissolved Oxygen (mg/L)
Dep
th (m
)
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6
0 2 4 6 8 10
0
5
10
15
20
Total Iron and Dissolved Oxygen
Iron (mg/L)
Dissolved Oxygen (mg/L)
Dep
th (m
)
Other ParameterNorth Basin
Other ParameterSouth Basin
Dissolved OxygenSouth Basin
Dissolved OxygenNorth Basin
Figure 6-20Comparison of Total Mercury, Iron and Backscatterance for Event 3, 10/25/99
TAMS
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
0 2 4 6 8 10
0
5
10
15
20
Total Mercury and Dissolved Oxygen
Mercury (ng/L)
Dissolved Oxygen (mg/L)
Dep
th (m
)
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
0
5
10
15
20
Backscatterance and Dissolved Oxygen
Backscatterance (m-1)
Dissolved Oxygen (mg/L)
Dep
th (m
)
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6
0 2 4 6 8 10
0
5
10
15
20
Total Iron and Dissolved Oxygen
Iron (mg/L)
Dissolved Oxygen (mg/L)
Dep
th (m
)
Other ParameterNorth Basin
Other ParameterSouth Basin
Dissolved OxygenSouth Basin
Dissolved OxygenNorth Basin
0
5
10
15
20
0 10 20
09/27/99270
a)
Depth (m)
�
0 10 20
09/30/99273
b)
0 10 20
10/04/99277
c)
Backscatterance (1/m)
0 10 20
10/08/99281
d)
0 10 20 30
10/11/99284
e)
0
5
10
15
20
0 10 20
10/13/99286
f)
Depth (m)
�
0 10 20
10/14/99287
g)
0 10 20
10/15/99288
h)
Backscatterance (1/m)
0 10 20
10/18/99291
i)
0 10 20 30
10/19/99292
j)
0
5
10
15
20
0 10 20
Thu Dec 02 15:00:18 1999
10/20/99293
k)
Depth (m)
�
0 10 20
10/21/99294
l)
0 10 20
10/23/99296
m)
Backscatterance (1/m)
0 10 20
10/25/99298
n)
0 10 20 30
10/26/99299
o)
Figure 6-211999 Backscatterance Profiles for Onondaga Lake: South Deep
Source: UFI , 1999
Page 1 of 2
0
5
10
15
20
0 10 20
10/27/99300
p)
Depth (m)
�
0 10 20
10/29/99302
q)
0 10 20
11/01/99305
r)
Backscatterance (1/m)
0 10 20
11/05/99309
s)
0 10 20 30
11/09/99313
t)
0
5
10
15
20
0 10 20
Thu Dec 02 15:00:18 1999
11/12/99316
u)
Depth (m)
�
0 10 20
11/19/99323
v)
Backscatterance (1/m)
0 10 20 30
12/02/99336
w)
Figure 6-21 1999 Backscatterance Profiles for Onondaga Lake: South Deep
Source: UFI , 1999
Page 2 of 2
0
5
10
15
20
0 10 20
09/27/99270
a)
Depth (m)
�
0 10 20
09/30/99273
b)
0 10 20
10/04/99277
c)
Backscatterance (1/m)
0 10 20
10/08/99281
d)
0 10 20 30
10/11/99284
e)
0
5
10
15
20
0 10 20
10/13/99286
f)
Depth (m)
�
0 10 20
10/14/99287
g)
0 10 20
10/15/99288
h)
Backscatterance (1/m)
0 10 20
10/18/99291
i)
0 10 20 30
10/19/99292
j)
0
5
10
15
20
0 10 20
Thu Dec 02 15:01:06 1999
10/20/99293
k)
Depth (m)
�
0 10 20
10/21/99294
l)
0 10 20
10/23/99296
m)
Backscatterance (1/m)
0 10 20
10/25/99298
n)
0 10 20 30
10/26/99299
o)
Figure 6-221999 Backscatterance Profiles for Onondaga Lake: North Deep
Source: UFI , 1999
Page 1 of 2
0
5
10
15
20
0 10 20
10/27/99300
p)
Depth (m)
�
0 10 20
10/29/99302
q)
0 10 20
11/01/99305
r)
Backscatterance (1/m)
0 10 20
11/05/99309
s)
0 10 20 30
11/09/99313
t)
0
5
10
15
20
0 10 20
Thu Dec 02 15:01:06 1999
11/12/99316
u)
Depth (m)
�
0 10 20
11/19/99323
v)
Backscatterance (1/m)
0 10 20 30
12/02/99336
w)
Figure 6-221999 Backscatterance Profiles for Onondaga Lake: North Deep
Source: UFI , 1999
Page 2 of 2
TAMSFigure 6-23Mercury and Dissolved Oxygen Profiles
0
4
8
12
16
20
0 2 4 6 8 10
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Total Mercury9/27/1999
Dep
th (m
)
Dissolved Oxygen wt/vol (mg/L)
Total Mercury (ng/L)
0
4
8
12
16
20
0 2 4 6 8 10
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Dissolved Mercury9/27/1999
Dep
th (m
)
Dissolved Oxygen wt/vol (mg/L)
Dissolved Mercury (ng/L)
0
4
8
12
16
20
0 2 4 6 8 10
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Total Mercury10/15/1999
Dep
th (m
)
Dissolved Oxygen wt/vol (mg/L)
Total Mercury (ng/L)
0
4
8
12
16
20
0 2 4 6 8 10
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Dissolved Mercury10/15/1999
Dep
th (m
)
Dissolved Oxygen wt/vol (mg/L)
Dissolved Mercury (ng/L)
0
4
8
12
16
20
0 2 4 6 8 10
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Total Mercury10/25/1999
Dep
th (m
)
Dissolved Oxygen wt/vol (mg/L)
Total Mercury (ng/L)
0
4
8
12
16
20
0 2 4 6 8 10
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Dissolved Mercury10/25/1999
Dep
th (m
)
Dissolved Oxygen wt/vol (mg/L)
Dissolved Mercury (ng/L)
0
4
8
12
16
20
0 2 4 6 8 10
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Total Mercury11/9/1999
Dep
th (m
)
Dissolved Oxygen wt/vol (mg/L)
Total Mercury (ng/L)
0
4
8
12
16
20
0 2 4 6 8 10
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Dissolved Mercury11/9/1999
Dep
th (m
)
Dissolved Oxygen wt/vol (mg/L)
Dissolved Mercury (ng/L)
0
4
8
12
16
20
0 2 4 6 8 10
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Total Mercury12/2/1999
Dep
th (m
)Dissolved Oxygen wt/vol (mg/L)
Total Mercury (ng/L)
0
4
8
12
16
20
0 2 4 6 8 10
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Dissolved Mercury12/2/1999
Dep
th (m
)
Dissolved Oxygen wt/vol (mg/L)
Dissolved Mercury (ng/L)
North Basin
South Basin
North BasinSouth Basin
Dissolved Oxygen
Mercury
Note: The north basin was not analyzed for mercury for 11/9/99 or 12/2/99.
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
9/24 10/5 10/17 10/29 11/9 11/21 12/2
Above 9 metersBelow 9 meters
TSS
Con
cent
ratio
n (m
g/L)
Figure 6-24Total TSS in Onondaga Lake (1999)
Lake
Date
TAMS
Note: Concentrations are volume weighted averages
0
5
10
15
20
0 90 180 270 360
TurbidityTurbidity During Onondaga Creek Event (12/1 and 12/2)
Turb
idity
(NTU
)
Wind Direction (Degrees from North)
Figure 6-25Turbidity and Wind Direction in Onondaga Lake (2001)
TAMS
Note:1. Data were collected hourly from November 14, 2001 through December 26, 2001, excluding December 3.
0
2
4
6
8
10
0
2
4
6
8
10
1:00
3:00
5:00
7:00
9:00
11:0
0
13:0
0
15:0
0
17:0
0
19:0
0
21:0
0
23:0
0
December 18, 2001 Wind Event
Wind Speed
Turbidity
Win
d Sp
eed
(m/s
) Turbidity (N
TU
)
Time (hours)
0
2
4
6
8
10
0
2
4
6
8
10
18:0
0
20:0
0
22:0
0
0:20
2:00
4:00
6:00
8:00
10:0
0
12:0
0
14:0
0
16:0
0December 15, 2001 Wind Event
Wind Speed
Turbidity
Win
d Sp
eed
(m/s
) Turbidity (N
TU
)
Time (hours)
0
2
4
6
8
10
0
2
4
6
8
10
1:00
3:00
5:00
7:00
9:00
11:0
0
13:0
0
15:0
0
17:0
0
19:0
0
21:0
0
23:0
0
November 16, 2001 Wind Event
Wind Speed
Turbidity W
ind
Spee
d (m
/s)
Turbidity (N
TU
)
Time (hours)
0
2
4
6
8
10
0
2
4
6
8
10
1:00
3:00
5:00
7:00
9:00
11:0
0
13:0
0
15:0
0
17:0
0
19:0
0
21:0
0
23:0
0
November 28, 2001 Wind Event
Wind Speed
Turbidity
Win
d Sp
eed
(m/s
) Turbidity (N
TU
)
Time (hours)
0
2
4
6
8
10
0
2
4
6
8
10
1:00
3:00
5:00
7:00
9:00
11:0
0
13:0
0
15:0
0
17:0
0
19:0
0
21:0
0
23:0
0
December 07, 2001 Wind Event
Wind Speed
Turbidity
Win
d Sp
eed
(m/s
) Turbidity (N
TU
)
Time (hours)
0
2
4
6
8
10
0
2
4
6
8
10
20:0
0
22:0
0
0:20
2:00
4:00
6:00
8:00
10:0
0
12:0
0
14:0
0
16:0
0
18:0
0
December 21, 2001 Wind Event
Wind Speed
Turbidity
Win
d S
peed
(m
/s) T
urbidity (NT
U)
Time (hours)
Figure 6-26Turbidity and Wind Speed During Wind Events (2001) in Onondaga Lake
TAMS
Note:1. For wind speed, only data for northwest winds are included. For all others, the wind speed is set to zero.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Event Averages
Background Baseline
Turb
idity
(NTU
)
Average Wind Speed (m/s)
Turbidity (NTU) = 0.8 x wind speed (m/s) + 0.33
R2=0.702
Figure 6-27Turbidity and Average Wind Speed in Onondaga Lake (2001)
TAMS
Notes:1. These data were collected hourly from November 14, 2001 through December 26, 2001, excluding December 3.2. Raw data used as described in Section 6.1.3.3. Event averages include data for northwest winds collected on November 16, November 28, December 15, and December 21.4. The baseline is the average of all data for northwest winds with speeds less than 2.17 m/s. 5. Background points include data for northwest winds with speeds less than 2.17 m/s.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5
North Deep Basin Core S90
Ave
rage
Dep
th (c
m)
137 Cs (dpm/g)
1963 - peak in 137 CS global fallout
1954 - 137 Cs inputs begin from global fallout
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5
South Deep Basin Core S51
Ave
rage
Dep
th (c
m)
137 Cs (dpm/g)
1963 - peak in 137 Cs global fallout
1954 - 137 Cs inputs begin from global fallout
TAMSFigure 6-28
137 Cs Profiles in Sediment Cores from the Deep Basins of Onondaga Lake (1992)
Note:137 Cs was not analyzed at every depth interval where metals were analyzed or above 10 cm.
10
20
30
40
50
60
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
Core S85-North Basin off of Ninemile Creek
Ave
rage
Dep
th (c
m)
137 Cs (dpm/g)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0 1 2 3 4 5
Core S12 - Littoral Zone off of Onondaga Creek
Ave
rage
Dep
th (c
m)
137 Cs (dpm/g)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
0 1 2 3 4 5
1996 Core - South Basin
Ave
rage
Dep
th (c
m)
137 Cs (dpm/g)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
Core S73-Littoral Zone North of Bloody Brook
Ave
rage
Dep
th (c
m)
137 Cs (dpm/g)
TAMSFigure 6-29137 Cs Profiles in Sediment Cores from
Onondaga Lake (1992, 1996)
Note: 137 Cs was not analyzed in every depth interval where metals were analyzed or above 10 cm.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5
North Deep Basin Core N-1A
vera
ge D
epth
(cm
)
137 Cs (dpm/g)
1964-peak in 137 Cs global fallout
1954- 137 Cs inputs begin from global fallout
1988 - year of collection
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5
South Deep Basin Core S-1
Ave
rage
Dep
th (c
m)
137 Cs (dpm/g)
1964 - Peak in 137 Cs global fallout
1954 - 137 Cs inputs begin from global fallout
Note: 137 Cs was not analyzed in the first 2 intervals of this core.
TAMS
Source: Data from Rowell, 1992.
Figure 6-30137 Cs Profiles in Sediment Cores from the Deep Basins of Onondaga Lake (1988)
1800
1810
1820
1830
1840
1850
1860
1870
1880
1890
1900
1910
1920
1930
1940
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
Lead Profile in North Deep Basin Sediment Core N-1
App
roxi
mat
e Y
ear
Lead (mg/kg)
Figure 6-31Lead and Mercury Profiles in Sediment Cores from the North Deep Basin of Onondaga Lake (1988)
Reduction in mercury loading to lake
Start of mercury loading to lake
1800
1810
1820
1830
1840
1850
1860
1870
1880
1890
1900
1910
1920
1930
1940
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mercury Profile in North Deep Basin Sediment Core N-1
App
roxi
mat
e Y
ear
Mercury (mg/kg)
TAMS
Source: Data from Rowell, 1992.
Phasing out of leaded gasoline begins
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
1600 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mercury
Ave
rage
Dep
th (c
m)
Mercury (mg/kg)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
1600 10 20 30 40 50
Cadmium
Ave
rage
Dep
th (c
m)
Cadmium (mg/kg)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
1600 200 400 600 800 1000
Chromium
Ave
rage
Dep
th (c
m)
Chromium (mg/kg)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
1600 100 200 300 400 500
Copper
Ave
rage
Dep
th (c
m)
Copper (mg/kg)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
1600 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
Lead
Ave
rage
Dep
th (c
m)
Lead (mg/kg)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
1600 50 100 150 200 250
Nickel
Ave
rage
Dep
th (c
m)
Nickel (mg/kg)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
1600 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
Zinc
Ave
rage
Dep
th (c
m)
Zinc (mg/kg)
Figure 6-32Metals in Sediment Core S-1 (1988, South Deep Basin)
TAMS
Source: Data from Rowell, 1992.
0
20
40
60
80
1000 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mercury
Ave
rage
Dep
th (
cm)
Mercury (mg/kg)
0
20
40
60
80
1000 10 20 30 40 50
Cadmium
Ave
rage
Dep
th (
cm)
Cadmium (mg/kg)
0
20
40
60
80
1000 200 400 600 800 1000
Chromium
Ave
rage
Dep
th (
cm)
Chromium (mg/kg)
0
20
40
60
80
1000 100 200 300 400 500
Copper
Ave
rage
Dep
th (
cm)
Copper (mg/kg)
0
20
40
60
80
1000 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
Lead
Ave
rage
Dep
th (
cm)
Lead (mg/kg)
0
20
40
60
80
1000 50 100 150 200 250
Nickel
Ave
rage
Dep
th (
cm)
Nickel (mg/kg)
0
20
40
60
80
1000 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
Zinc
Aver
age
Dep
th (
cm)
Zinc (mg/kg)
Figure 6-33Metals in Sediment Core N-1 (1988, North Deep Basin)
TAMS
Source: Data from Rowell, 1992.
0
50
100
150
2000 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mercury
Ave
rage
Dep
th (c
m)
Mercury (mg/kg)
0
50
100
150
200
0 10 20 30 40 50
Cadmium
Ave
rage
Dep
th (c
m)
Cadmium (mg/kg)
0
50
100
150
200
0 200 400 600 800 1000
Chromium
Ave
rage
Dep
th (c
m)
Chromium (mg/kg)
0
50
100
150
200
0 100 200 300 400 500
Copper
Ave
rage
Dep
th (c
m)
Copper (mg/kg)
0
50
100
150
200
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
Lead
Ave
rage
Dep
th (c
m)
Lead (mg/kg)
0
50
100
150
200
0 50 100 150 200 250
Nickel
Ave
rage
Dep
th (c
m)
Nickel (mg/kg)
0
50
100
150
200
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
Zinc
Ave
rage
Dep
th (c
m)
Zinc (mg/kg)
Figure 6-34Metals in Sediment Core S51 (1992, South Deep Basin)
TAMS
0
50
100
150
200
2500 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Mercury
Ave
rage
Dep
th (c
m)
Mercury (mg/kg)
0
50
100
150
200
2500 10 20 30 40 50
Cadmium
Ave
rage
Dep
th (c
m)
Cadmium (mg/kg)
0
50
100
150
200
2500 200 400 600 800 1000
Chromium
Ave
rage
Dep
th (c
m)
Chromium (mg/kg)
0
50
100
150
200
2500 100 200 300 400 500
Copper
Ave
rage
Dep
th (c
m)
Copper (mg/kg)
0
50
100
150
200
2500 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
Lead
Ave
rage
Dep
th (c
m)
Lead (mg/kg)
0
50
100
150
200
2500 50 100 150 200 250
Nickel
Ave
rage
Dep
th (c
m)
Nickel (mg/kg)
0
50
100
150
200
2500 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
Zinc
Ave
rage
Dep
th (c
m)
Zinc (mg/kg)
Figure 6-35Metals in Sediment Core S90 (1992, North Deep Basin)
TAMS
0
0.005
0.01
0.015
0.02
0.025
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990
Ave
rage
Mer
cury
/ Le
ngth
(mg/
kg-w
w/m
m)
Year
TAMS
Figure 6-36Mercury Trend in Smallmouth Bass from Onondaga Lake
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Ninemile Creek
Galeville
Liverpool
Lakeland
MetroOutfall
HarborBrook
East Flume
Onondaga Lake RI
Figure 6-37Mercury MPA (g/m²) in
1992 and 2000 Sediment Data Thiessen Polygon Estimates
500 0 500 1000 Meters
LEGEND20001992%
#
Mercury MPA (g/m²) in 1992 and 2000 Sediment Data
0 - 0.32
3.2 - 10
0.32 - 1
1 - 3.2
100 - 320
10 - 32
32 - 100
Tributaries
Rail Road
Roads
Bathymetry (meters)
36
9
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15
18
N
EW
S
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Ninemile Creek
Galeville
Liverpool
Lakeland
MetroOutfall
HarborBrook
East Flume
500 0 500 1000 Meters
Onondaga Lake RI
Figure 6-38Cadmium MPA (g/m²)
in 1992 and 2000 Sediment DataThiessen Polygon Estimates
N
EW
S
Tributaries
Rail Road
Roads
LEGEND
20001992 Bathymetry (meters)
36
9
12
15
18
%
#
Cadmium MPA (g/m²) in 1992 and 2000 Sediment Data
0 - 0.32
1 - 3.2
3.2 - 10
10 - 32
32 - 100
0.32 - 1
100 - 320
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ª
Ninemile Creek
Galeville
Liverpool
Lakeland
MetroOutfall
HarborBrook
East Flume
N
EW
S
500 0 500 1000 Meters
Onondaga Lake RIFigure 6-39
Chromium MPA (g/m²)in 1992 and 2000 Sediment Data
Thiessen Polygon Estimates
Tributaries
Rail Road
Roads
LEGEND
20001992 Bathymetry (meters)
36
9
12
15
18
%
#
Chromium MPA (g/m²) in 1992 and 2000 Sediment Data
0 - 3.2
100 - 320
320 - 1000
1000 - 3200
10 - 32
10,000 - 32,000
3200 - 10,000
32 - 100
3.2 - 10
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ª
Ninemile Creek
Galeville
Liverpool
Lakeland
MetroOutfall
HarborBrook
East Flume
500 0 500 1000 Meters
Onondaga Lake RI
Figure 6-40Lead MPA (g/m²)
in 1992 and 2000 Sediment DataThiessen Polygon Estimates
N
EW
S
Tributaries
Rail Road
Roads
LEGEND
20001992 Bathymetry (meters)
36
9
12
15
18
%
#
Lead MPA (g/m²) in 1992 and 2000 Sediment Data
0 - 3.2
10 - 32
100 - 320
320 - 1000
1000 - 3200
3.2 - 10
3200 - 10000
32 - 100
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ª
Ninemile Creek
Galeville
Liverpool
Lakeland
MetroOutfall
HarborBrook
East Flume
N
EW
S
600 0 600 1200 Meters
Figure 6-41Benzene MPA (g/m²) in 1992 and 2000
Sediment DataThiessen Polygon EstimatesOnondaga Lake RI
Tributaries
Rail Road
Roads
20001992 Bathymetry (meters)
36
9
12
15
18
%
#
Benzene MPA (g/m²) in 1992 and 2000 Sediment Data
0 - 0.32
1 - 3.2
3.2 - 10
10 - 32
32 - 100
0.32 - 1
100 - 320
320 - 1000
LEGEND
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ª
Ninemile Creek
Galeville
Liverpool
Lakeland
MetroOutfall
HarborBrook
East Flume
N
EW
S
500 0 500 1000 Meters
Onondaga Lake RI
Figure 6-42 Sum of Chlorobenzenes MPA (g/m²)
in 1992 and 2000 Sediment DataThiessen Polygon Estimates
Tributaries
Rail Road
Roads
LEGEND
20001992 Bathymetry (meters)
36
9
12
15
18
%
#
Sum of Chlorobenzenes MPA (g/m²) in 1992 and 2000 Sediment Data
0 - 0.32
100 - 320
320 - 1000
1000 - 3200
10 - 32
32 - 100
3.2 - 10
0.32 - 1
1 - 3.2
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Creek
Ninemile Creek
Galeville
Liverpool
Lakeland
MetroOutfall
HarborBrook
East Flume
N
EW
S
600 0 600 1200 Meters
Onondaga Lake RI
Figure 6-43Dichlorobenzenes MPA (g/m²)
in 1992 and 2000 Sediment DataThiessen Polygon Estimates
Tributaries
Rail Road
Roads
LEGEND
20001992 Bathymetry (meters)
36
9
12
15
18
%
#
Dichlorobenzenes MPA (g/m²) in 1992 and 2000 Sediment Data
0 - 0.32
1 - 3.2
3.2 - 10
10 - 32
32 - 100
0.32 - 1
100 - 320
1000 - 3200
320 - 1000
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Creek
Ninemile Creek
Galeville
Liverpool
Lakeland
MetroOutfall
HarborBrook
East Flume
Tributaries
Rail Road
Roads
LEGEND
20001992 Bathymetry (meters)
36
9
12
15
18
%
#
Naphthalene MPA (g/m²) in 1992 and 2000 Sediment Data
0 - 0.32
1 - 3.2
3.2 - 10
10 - 32
32 - 100
0.32 - 1
100 - 320
1000 - 3200
320 - 1000
N
EW
S
600 0 600 1200 Meters
Onondaga Lake RI
Figure 6-44 Naphthalene MPA (g/m²)
in 1992 and 2000 Sediment DataThiessen Polygon Estimates
500 0 500 1000 1500 Meters
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Ninemile Creek
Galeville
Liverpool
Lakeland
MetroOutfall
HarborBrook
East Flume
0.32 - 1
0.1 - 0.32
1 - 3.2
10 - 32
3.2 - 10
0 - 0.1
Low Molecular Weight PCB MPA (g/m²) in 1992 and 2000 Sediment Data
#
%
18
15
12
9
63
Bathymetry (meters)19922000
LEGEND
Roads
Rail Road
Tributaries
Onondaga Lake RI
Figure 6-45Low Molecular Weight PCBs
MPA (g/m2) in 1992 and 2000 Sediment Data Thiessen Polygon Estimates
N
EW
S
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Ninemile Creek
Galeville
Liverpool
Lakeland
MetroOutfall
HarborBrook
East Flume
N
EW
S
500 0 500 1000 1500 Meters
Figure 6-46 High Molecular Weight PCBs
MPA (g/m2) in 1992 and 2000 Sediment Data Thiessen Polygon Estimates
Onondaga Lake RI
0.32 - 1
0.1 - 0.32
1 - 3.2
10 - 32
3.2 - 10
0 - 0.1
High Molecular Weight PCB MPA (g/m²) in 1992 and 2000 Sediment Data
#
%
18
15
12
9
63
Bathymetry (meters)19922000
LEGEND
Roads
Rail Road
Tributaries