Chapter 16 FIG 1

Figure 16.1 Cladograms depicting relationships among the families of extant salamanders. Left: Phylogenetic reconstruction based on combined morphological and molecular data for 32 amphibians, 28 of which were salamanders (Wiens et al., 2005). Right: Phylogenetic reconstruction based on 3747 unambiguously aligned base pairs of one mitochondrial and four nuclear genes sampled from 171 amphibians, 27 of which were salamanders (Roelants et al., 2007). Both cladograms redrawn from originals for uniformity, and only salamander families are included.

Chapter 16 FIG 2

Figure 16.2 Geographic distribution of the extant Cryptobranchidae.

Chapter 16 FIG 3

Figure 16.3 Representative cryptobranchid and hynobiid salamanders. From left: Hellbender Cryptobranchus alleganiensis, Cryptobranchidae (L. J. Vitt); Gensan salamander Hynobius leechi, Hynobiinae (L. L. Grismer).

Chapter 16 FIG 4

Figure 16.4 Geographic distribution of the extant Hynobiidae.

Chapter 16 FIG 5

Figure 16.5 Geographic distribution of the extant Sirenidae.

Chapter 16 FIG 6

Figure 16.6 Representative sirenid salamander. Greater siren Siren lacertina (L. J. Vitt).

Chapter 16 FIG 7

Figure 16.7 Geographic distributions of the extant Ambystomatidae (includes Dicamptodon).

Chapter 16 FIG 8

Figure 16.8 Representative ambystomatid salamanders. Clockwise from upper left: Idaho giant salamander Dicamptodon aterrimus (W. Leonard); ringed salamander Ambystoma annulatum (J. P. Caldwell); small-mouthed salamander Ambystoma texanum (J. P. Caldwell); tiger salamander Ambystoma rigrinum (J. P. Caldwell).

Chapter 16 FIG 9

Figure 16.9 Geographic distribution of the extant Salamandridae.

Chapter 16 FIG 10

Figure 16.10 Representative salamandrid salamanders. From left: Eastern newt Notophthalmus viridescens, Salamandrinae (L. J. Vitt); Himalayan newt Tylotriton verrucosus, Pleurodelinae (K. Nemuras).

Chapter 16 FIG 11

Figure 16.11 Geographic distributions of the extant Rhyacotritonidae and Proteidae.

Chapter 16 FIG 12

Figure 16.12 Lewis's water dog Necturus lewisi, Proteidae (R. W. Van Devender).

Chapter 16 FIG 13

Figure 16.13 Representative rhyacotritonid salamander. Cascade torrent salamander Rhyacotriton cascadae, Rhyacotritonidae (W. Leonard).

Chapter 16 FIG 14

Figure 16.14 Geographic distribution of the extant Amphiumidae.

Chapter 16 FIG 15

Figure 16.15 Representative amphiumid salamander. Three-toed amphiuma Amphiuma tridactylum, Amphiumidae (R. W. Van Devender).

Chapter 16 FIG 16

Figure 16.16 Geographic distribution of the extant Plethodontidae.

Chapter 16 FIG 17

Figure 16.17 Representative plethodontid salamanders. Clockwise from upper left: Western slimy salamander Plethodon albagula, Plethodontinae (J. P. Caldwell); red salamander Pseudotriton ruber, Spelerpinae (L. J. Vitt); cave salamander Eurycea lucifuga, Spelerpinae (J. P. Caldwell); unnamed tropical salamander Bolitoglossa sp., Bollitoglossinae (J. P. Caldwell).