Fermilab NuFact09 Neutrino Interactions: results by Neutrino …minerva-docdb.fnal.gov/0050/005013/005/nu2010_harris_v7.pdf · – Example: coherent pion production (SciBooNE, NuInt09)

D. HarrisFermilabNuFact09

Neutrino Interactions:

results by Neutrino 2012

and beyondDeborah Harris

FermilabNeutrino 2010

AthensJune 18, 2010

Special thanks to:The MINERνACollaboration, T. Nakaya, C. James,B. Fleming, M. Messier


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Outline

• Top 3 Reasons to study Neutrino Interactions• Ingredients for an effective program• How does the current (and future) program do?

– MINERνA– T2K 280m near detector– NOνA Near Detector– MicroBooNE

• Current Status • Results by Neutrino 2012 • What’s missing?


Reason #3: need interactions to measure oscillations

• MINOS νµ→νe search– Plot below shows νe Near Detector

candidates after all cuts– Near detector data and MC disagree

by 15%, – Red error band is from hadronic

shower uncertainties

3

• MiniBooNE low energy excess in neutrino mode• Is this a new interaction?• Systematic error for future

Ryan Patterson, FNAL W&C 2010


Reason #3: need interactions to measure oscillations

• νµ→νe search– Seeing excess above background is

not the same as measuring θ13

– You need precise prediction for signal and background both!

– Near detectors can’t do it all

4

• νµ→νµ search– Measuring θ23 precisely means you

need to measure ∆m223 accurately

– Need to understand how visible energy appears in detectors

– Near Detector tells you nothing about relation between true and measured neutrino energy!

Plots from S. Parke, Neutrino 2010

???


Reason #2: Neutrinos probe the nucleus in ways electrons cannot

• Deep Inelastic Scattering: – “EMC Effect” well-measured in

charged lepton scattering (ratio of nuclear F2 nuclear structure functions to deuterium)

– In neutrino scattering, there are only hints from fitting several experiments, each with different targets, but also with different fluxes

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• Quasi-elastic Scattering: – Axial Mass measurements

probe behavior of proton, hints that there are differences between nuclei, are there differences between ν and e-?

C/D

Be/D

He/D

Plot from Seely et al (JLAB E03-103), PRL (103), 2009


Reason #1: We don’t understand the details of how neutrinos interact

• Theories don’t agree on sizes of cross sections(example: coherent pions)

• Experiments are often in conflict with each other

6


Ingredients for Effective Program

D. HarrisFermilabNuFact09 Ingredient #1: More Sensitive Detectors!

• MINOS Detector– 1” steel between scintillator

means hard to characterize final state particles

8

• Super-Kamiokande– Cerenkov technique places

momentum threshold on measuring outgoing protons

1.8m

νe CC

Super-K

D. HarrisFermilabNuFact09 Ingredient #2: Broad Range of Neutrino Energies

• Different Energies means different channels to explore

• Broad and Narrow bands of energy allow for dσ/dEmeasurements, and neutral current measurements at one energy 9

Ref

: G

.Zel

ler

Single PionQuasielastic DIS

D. HarrisFermilabNuFact09 Ingredient #3: High Statistics

• We have data from bubble chambers with low statistics

• We want to study kinematic distributions, not just total rates– Example: coherent pion production (SciBooNE,

NuInt09)

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A Aπ+

D. HarrisFermilabNuFact09 Ingredient #4: Low Flux Uncertainties

• History of strange jumps between different experiment’s measurements of same process--even with charged current processes!

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Ingredient #5: Broad Range of nuclear targets

• Nuclear effects best studied over as broad a range in A as possible

• Oscillation experiments want to study interactions over the far detector target material

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Elements in current and futureprecision oscillation experiments


Current Program Scoresheet

D. HarrisFermilabNuFact09 How does the current program do?

• MINERνA: running in NuMIBeamline at Fermilab– Fine-grained scintillator detector – Nuclear targets of He, C, H20, Fe, Pb

• T2K 280m Near Detector: running in T2K Beamline at J-PARC– Fine-grained scintillator, water, and

TPC’s in a magnetic field

• NOνA near detector: to run in 2013 – Liquid scintillator in off-axis beam,

running above ground before 2013

• MicroBooNE: to run after 2013– Liquid Argon TPC in Booster Neutrino

Beam14

MINERνA

T2K ND280

D. HarrisFermilabNuFact09 MINERνA Detector • 120 modules

– 1-2 frames of scintillator planes read out by WLS & clear fiber

– Side calorimetry

• Signals to 64-anode PMT’s• Front End Electronics using

Trip-t chips (thanks to D0)• Side and

downstreamelectromagneticand hadroniccalorimetry

• MINOS Detector gives muon momentum and charge 15

Fully Active Target

Dow

nstr

eam

E

CA

L

Dow

nstr

eam

HC

AL

Nuc

lear

Targ

ets

Side HCAL (OD)

Side ECAL

VetoWallCryotarget

LHe

D. HarrisFermilabNuFact09 MINERνA Events

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One view, three different events during antineutrino runningSee detached Vertices, multi-particle final states,

electromagnetic showersSee posters from J. Mousseau and D. Schmitz on MINERνA calibration and test beam effort

D. HarrisFermilabNuFact09 T2K 280m Near Detector

17Figure from T. Nakaya

• P0D: optimized to study electromagnetic final states in water and scintillator

• TPC: precise tracking and momentum, plus particle identification

• Magnetic field 0.2T• FGD: Additional scintillator targets• Side electromagnetic and hadronic calorimetry

(see talk by T. Kabayashi at this meeting)

D. HarrisFermilabNuFact09 T2K 280m Events

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• Charge sign identification

• Multi-track capabilities

• Events in P0D, FGD1, FGD2 shown below

Even

ts c

ourte

sy T

. Nak

aya

D. HarrisFermilabNuFact09 NOvA Near Detector

• Scintillator extrusion cross section of 3.87cm x 6cm , but with added muon range stack to see 2 GeV energy peak

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•Range stack: 1.7 meter long, steel interspersed with 10 active planes of liquid scintillator •First located on the surface, than moved to final underground location

Veto region, fiducial regionShower containment, muon catcher

4.5m

(see talk by K. Heller at this meeting)

D. HarrisFermilabNuFact09 MicroBooNE• Liquid Argon TPC

– 150/89 tons total/active– 30 PMT’s for

scintillation light

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TPC: (2.5m)2x10.4m long3mm wire pitch

To go on BoosterNeutrino Beam Axis

See M. Soderberg’s talk, Tuesday

D. HarrisFermilabNuFact09Next Ingredient: Broad Range of Energies

• T2K 280m ND: 600MeV narrow band

• MicroBooNE: 1GeV broad band

• NOνA: 2GeV narrow band

• MINERνA: broad band, tunable peak energies from 3 to 8 GeV 21

T2K 280ND

Micro-BooNE

MINERvALow

energy and special run

fluxes

NOvANear

Detector

D. HarrisFermilabNuFact09 Next Ingredient: Statistics

• MINERvA Statistics (for 4x1020 Protons On Target in Low Energy beam, 12x1020 POT in Medium Energy beam)– NEUGEN

prediction– Acceptance

corrections not included

– 3 ton fiducialmass assumed

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• T2K 280m ND Statistics: (for 5×1021 protons on target, Steve Boyd, NuINT’09)– 300k/150k Quasi-elastic events– 26k /14k π0 events

Event Type C/Pb/Brass WaterNC π0 20k 8kNC multi-π0 6k 6k

P0D events, ε~55%, purity~60%

Interaction Channel Charged CurrentQuasi-Elastic 0.8MResonance Production 1.7MTransition (Resonance to DIS) 2.1MDeep Inelastic Scattering 4.3MCoherent Pion Production 89 K CC / 44 K NCTotal CC events on Scintillator 9M events

D. HarrisFermilabNuFact09 Statistics, continued

• NOνA Near Detector: – Few hundred events on

the surface before 2012– Underground, events per

year (20 tons fiducial):(Ref: M. Messier)

• MicroBooNE:– Events for 6e20

POT, 70 tons fiducial volume(Ref, B. Fleming)

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NOvA(6×1020

POT)

Charged Current

Neutral Current

Elastic 440k 172kResonant 654k 230kDIS 578k 192kcoherent 16k 10ktotal 1700k 604k

MicroBooNE(6×1020 POT)

ChargedCurrent

Neutral Current

Elastic 53k 17kResonant (1 π) 28k 10kDIS 1k 0.4kcoherent 2.3k 1.5ktotal 84k 29k


Next Ingredient: Understanding the Flux, I

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•NuMI Beamline (MINERνA) can vary– Horn current (pT kick

supplied to π’s)– Target Position (xF of

focused particles)• Plots show

(xF ,pT) of π+ contributing to neutrino flux. •Minerva will acquire

data from total of 8 beam configurations•Muon monitors provide

independent check• To see more: S. Kopp

talk, L. Loiacono Poster

Normal Running

Target Moved

2.5m back from horns

Target Moved 1m back from

horns


• T2K will combine different neutrino detectors with muonand proton monitoring (S. Boyd, NuINT’09)

• Hadron production experiment (NA61) (see A. Blondel’s talk)

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Understanding the Flux, II

D. HarrisFermilabNuFact09 Need Broad Range of Nuclear Targets

• MINERνA has targets from He to Pb, plus water and scintillator:

• Near million-event samples (4×1020 POT Low Energy beam plus 12×1020

POT in Medium Energy beam, 85cm radius cut)• See poster by B. Osmanov

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Target Mass in tons

Events (Million)

Scintillator 3 9He 0.2 0.6C (graphite) 0.15 0.4Fe 0.7 2.0Pb 0.85 2.5Water 0.3 0.9


Current Status of Data-Taking

D. HarrisFermilabNuFact09 MINERνA Running Status• Accumulated 0.84e20 Protons on

Target of anti-ν beam with 55% of detector and Fe/Pb target

• Accumulated 0.8e20 Protons on target in Low Energy neutrino Running with full detector

• Detector Live times typically above 95%

• Less than 20 dead channels out of 32k channels

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D. HarrisFermilabNuFact09 MINERνA Tracking Performance

• Tracking (using muons)

29RM

S (m

m)

Scintillator Plane number

Mean: 3.2mm

Preliminary

Preliminary

D. HarrisFermilabNuFact09 MINERνA Particle Identification

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χ2/ndf for πhypothesis: 2.3χ2/ndf for p hypothesis: 13

• Reconstruction ofsingle-track events that range out in the detector:

χ2/ndf for π hypothesis: 21χ2/ndf for p hypothesis: 3.4

Preliminary

Preliminary

Note: lowest χ2/ndf is still large because scintillator response calibration is not yet applied here


MINERνA Neutrino Event Vertex Distributions

• From a bit less than half of the anti-νrunning

• Require at least one track in the event, and a match to a track in the MINOS detector

• Remove events with tracks outside of 1m radius, and those with track vertices in first 3 modules or HadronCalorimeter modules

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Preliminary

Preliminary

Scin

tilla

tor

Targ

et

EM

Cal

orim

eter

Had

ron

Car

imet

er


• Same cuts as described above, antineutrino beam

• Wrong-sign background not yet removed

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MINERνA Neutrino Event Distributions

• Angle with respect to beam (theta) measured by MINERνA

• Muon momentum from MINOS reconstruction plus rough estimate from MINERνA path length

Preliminary

Preliminary

D. HarrisFermilabNuFact09 T2K 280m ND Running Status

• Accumulated 0.234×1020 Protons on target between 23 January 2010 and 1 May 2010 in Neutrino Running

• Fewer than 100 dead channels out of 46k channels

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Fine Grained Detector

D. HarrisFermilabNuFact09 T2K Detector Performance

• TPC provides sub-mm tracking resolution– Reconstruct tracks in 2 adjacent

modules– Compare vertical displacement and

angle in 2 modules– Work is ongoing, already seeing

0.6mm position resolution

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Cosmic Ray Event

D. HarrisFermilabNuFact09 T2K 280ND Run Status

• Energy Loss in Time Projection Chamber

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Plot

s cou

rtesy

T. N

akay

a

Negative Particles Positive Particles

D. HarrisFermilabNuFact09 Results by Neutrino 2012

• MINERνA– Plan to take 4×1020 POT in neutrino beam by then,

plus special runs to understand neutrino flux (0.9×1020 )

– Current focus is on antineutrino data set • Low multiplicity final states• Nuclear Effects• NC elastic events

• T2K 280m ND– Expect to get to 1×1021 POT per year by then, – QE and π0 production are main focus of effort 36

D. HarrisFermilabNuFact09 Results by 2012

• NOνA Near Detector– Will have run in 110mrad off axis

NuMI beam (on ground level in new building)

– First glimpse of neutrino events in new geometry (few thousand low energy events)

– Starting to excavate underground enclosure by summer 2012

• MicroBooNE– Expect to be assembling and installing TPC in the vessel – Goal is to fill with Argon by end of Shutdown (Feb 2013) 37

Firs

t Nea

r D

etec

tor B

lock

NOνA

D. HarrisFermilabNuFact09 What ingredients are missing?

• Off axis fine grained detector at NOvA energies: new proposal for SciNOvAexperiment (10 tons)– Many times the granularity

– 1M events in a 1 year run!

• Neutrino Interaction measurements on H2 and D2– Measure free nucleon scattering at high statistics

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At high x

Sci-NOvA(per year)

Charged Current

Neutral Current

Elastic 220k 86k

Total 845k 302k

D. HarrisFermilabNuFact09 Conclusions

• Demand for neutrino interaction measurements has never been greater

• Important ingredients are being put in place to get to a new level of understanding– New extremely sensitive fine-grained detectors– Broad ranges of energies to access many

channels– High statistics– New ideas for reducing flux uncertainties– Broad range of nuclear targets

39

Documents

Fermilab NuFact09 Neutrino Interactions: results by Neutrino …minerva-docdb.fnal.gov/0050/005013/005/nu2010_harris_v7.pdf · – Example: coherent pion production (SciBooNE, NuInt09)