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Female Employment and Family Formation The Institutional Context. Ivy Koopmans Joop Schippers Utrecht School of Economics Utrecht University. FENICs objectives. To analyse the connections between the process of family formation and female employment patterns - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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FENICs
Female Employment and Family Formation in National Institutional Contexts
Female Employment and Family FormationThe Institutional Context
Ivy Koopmans
Joop Schippers
Utrecht School of Economics
Utrecht University
FENICs
Female Employment and Family Formation in National Institutional Contexts
FENICs objectives
To analyse the connections between the process of family formation and female employment patterns
To examine the consequences of changes in family formation on female labour supply, and the impact of flexibilisation of the labour market on the dynamics of family formation
To analyse the effect of institutional structures on women’s decisions in the areas of work and family
FENICs
Female Employment and Family Formation in National Institutional Contexts
Focus of Research
Definition of the institutional context Organisation of the institutional context The relationship between welfare states and
the institutional context Exploration of the differences and similarities
between European Union member states in the institutional structure
FENICs
Female Employment and Family Formation in National Institutional Contexts
Definition of the Institutional Context
Time - Leave arrangements (paternity, maternity, parental,
care leave and career breaks) and flexible working time patterns (part-time work, flexitime, teleworking, compressed hours, job sharing and saving hours)
Money- Tax allowances, family allowances, housing
allowances, social security and social assistance
Services- Child care facilities and after school services
FENICs
Female Employment and Family Formation in National Institutional Contexts
Organisation of the Institutional Context
Different actors: state, market, and family Different levels:
- International (EU recommendations and
directives)
- National (statutory provisions)
- Collective arrangements
- Employers or organisations
- Family (informal help)
FENICs
Female Employment and Family Formation in National Institutional Contexts
Welfare States and the Institutional Context
Esping-Andersen’s welfare state regime types
Liberal De-familialization
(market)
Minimal provision of public childcare and leave arrangements
Social democratic
De-familialization
Universal system of childcare and leave
Conservative Familialism Cash benefits instead of services
A Comparison of Institutions in the EU
Childcare Leave Part-time Flex. work MoneyDK + + +/- +/- -FIN +/- + - + -S + + +/- + -
UK +/- - + + +/-IRL - + - +GR - - - - -
I - + - - +/-E - +/- - - +/-P +/- +/- - - +A - + - +/- +D - +/- + + +L + +/- +/- +B + +/- + + +/-F +/- +/- +/- - +/-
NL +/- - + + -
FENICs
Female Employment and Family Formation in National Institutional Contexts
Conclusions
Wide variation in institutions between countries Most of the continental countries cannot be
clustered into the conservative welfare state regime
Belgium and France deviate from the conservative path the most
FENICs
Female Employment and Family Formation in National Institutional Contexts
Policy recommendations
The EU should recognize the differences in the institutional context
Because all countries should respond to the growing need for institutions that support the combination of motherhood and paid work, there is room for more EU initiatives in this field