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Audience-CenteredSpeechmaking

Process

An Audience-Centered Speechmaking Model

Always think of your audience

• Shows sensitivity to their needs.

• Think if they understand your words.

Consider Your Audience

• Gather & analyze information about audience.

• Consider culturally diverse backgrounds of audience.

• Adapt speech to particular audience.

1.Select & Narrow Your Topic

• Who will be hearing your speech?

• What is the occasion (event)?

• What are YOUR interests, talents & experiences?

Special Occasion orCeremonial Speaking1. Introductions2. Toasts3. Award Presentations4. Nominations5. Acceptances6. Eulogies 7. Keynote Addresses – No!8. Commencement Addresses – No!9. Commemorative / Tributes – Not so much!

2. Determine Your Purpose

• General Purpose: overarching goal of your speech

Three (3) Types of General Purposes

• Inform: teach, define or clarify.

• Persuade: change or strengthen thoughts or behaviors.

• Entertain: amuse with stories, illustrations and humor.

Specific Purpose (YOU must have a “Special Purpose” note card.)

• Exact response you want from audience.

• Concise statement indicating what you want audience to do, think, feel or remember.

• “At the end of my speech, the audience will be able to. . .”

• Use verbs such as: list, explain, describe or write.

• Do not use words such as: know, understand or believe.

3. Develop Your Central Idea

• Overview of speech (sometime called the thesis.)

• One-sentence summary of speech and restates the speech topic.

• Not a phrase, clause or question –

Phrase: Car maintenance

Question: Is regular car maintenance important?

Complete Maintaining your car regularly can Delarative ensure that it provides reliable

Sentence: transportation.

An example of YOUR Note Card:

•Topic: The South Beach Diet.

• General Purpose: To inform.

• Specific Purpose: At the end of my speech, the audience will be able to identify the three

key elements in the South Beach diet.

• Central Idea: The South Beach diet is based upon reducing the

amount of carbohydrates you eat, drinking more water, and increasing the

amount of exercise.

4. Generate Main Ideas

• Identify how speech will logically divide.

• How central idea logically divides will determine main ideas.

• Reasons why central idea is true can be main ideas.

• Series of steps to illustrate central idea can be main ideas.

5. Gather Supporting Material

• Material that “backs up” ideas.

• Can be personal &/or concrete.

• Should appeal to listeners.

• Research your supporting material.

• Can be verbal, visual, or both.

6. Organize Your Speech

• Start with body.

• Arrange ideas to make most sense.

• Prepare introduction & conclusion AFTER body.

• Follow effective outlining techniques.

7. Rehearse Your Speech

• Prepare early.

• Practice out loud (7 X’s.)

• Observe your behaviors.

• Make adjustments.

• Rehearse in front of others.

8. Deliver Your Speech

• Walk calmly.

• Walk confidently.

• Remember rehearsals.

• Maintain eye contact.

• Speak loudly.

• Vary your pitch.