Cable Company

Undersea Cable

I N T E R N E TEthernet Fabric

Telecommunications Company

Undersea Cable400GbE

Telephone Company100GbE

Co-Location Facility400GbE

Cable Company100GbE

HyperscaleData Center400GbE

Colocation Facility

WiringCloset

WorkArea

EquipmentRoom

Homes use Ethernet to connect personal computers,

printers, wireless access points, security cameras and

many more devices. Power over Ethernet enables

data and power to be delivered over one cable.

Enterprises use Ethernet to connect hundreds or thousands of

devices together over Local Area Networks (LANs). Most LANs

use BASE-T connectivity, but large buildings and campuses use

multi-mode and singlemode fiber too.

Enterprise Data Centers deploy

heterogeneous servers with various service

level agreements and requirements.

The Internet Exchange Point (IXP) is where the

Internet is made when various networks are

interconnected via Ethernet. Co-location facilities

are usually near the IXP so that they have excellent

access to the Internet and long haul connections.

Hyperscale Data

Centers deploy tens or

hundreds of thousands

of homogeneous

servers across

warehouse scale data

centers in pods.

Internet

Ethernet Fabric

As streams turn into rivers

and flow into the ocean, small

Ethernet links flow into large

Ethernet links and flow into

the Internet. The Internet is

formed at Internet Exchange

Points (IXPs) that are spread

around the world. The IXPs

connect Telecommunications

Companies, Cable companies,

Providers and Content

Delivery Networks over

Ethernet in their data centers.

400G

100–200G

25–50G

10G

1–5G

10–100M

ETHERNET SPEEDSServer Racks

Ethernet Switch And Router Racks

Patch Panels

Storage Network Equipment

Telecom Networks

Transport Equipment

Storage Racks

Cable Networks

ETHERNETECOSYSTEM

Wireless Backhaul400 GbE

LATEST INTERFACES AND NOM ENCLATURE

Gray Text = IEEE Standard Red Text = In Standardization Green Text = In Study Group

Blue Text = Non-IEEE standard but complies to IEEE electrical interfaces

CR/CR-S

CR4

CR

CR10

CR4

CR2CR1

CR4

CR2

CR4

T1S

KX

KR

KR

KR4

KR

KR4

KR2

KR1

KR4

KR2

KR4

T1S/T1L

T1

T1

T1

T1

T1

T

T

T

T

T

T

SR

SR4/eSR4

SR

SR10

SR4

SR2SR1

SR4

SR2

SR16

SR8/SR4.2

SR4

25GAUI

XLAUIXLPPI

LAUI-2/50GAUI-2

50GAUI-1

CAUI-10 CPPI

CAUI-4/100GAUI-4

100GAUI-2

100GAUI-1

200GAUI-4

200GAUI-2

400GAUI-16

400GAUI-8

400GAUI-4

BIDI Access

LR/EPON/

BIDI Access

LR4

EPON/BIDI Access

LxR

10X10-10km

LR4/

4WDM-10

LR1

100G-LR

LR4

LR8

LR4-6

400G-LR4-10

BIDI Access

ER/BIDI Access

BIDI Access

ER

ER4/

4WDM-40

ER4

ER8

BIDI Access

EPON/BIDI Access

EPON/BIDI Access

4WDM-20

PSM4

PSM4

DR

DR4

DR4

FR

FR

10X10-2km

CWDM4/

FR1

100G-FR

FR4

FR8FR4

400G-FR4

10BASE–

100BASE–

1000BASE–

2.5GBASE–

5GBASE–

10GBASE–

25GBASE–

40GBASE–

50GBASE–

100GBASE–

200GBASE–

400GBASE–

ZR

ZR

ElectricalInterface

Backplane TwinaxCable

TwistedPair

(1 Pair)

TwistedPair

(4 Pair)

MMF 500mPSM4

2kmSMF

10kmSMF

40kmSMF

20kmSMF

80kmSMF

F O R M FA C T O R SThis diagram shows the most common form

factors used in Ethernet ports. Hundreds of

millions of RJ45 ports are sold a year while tens

of millions of SFP and millions of QSFP ports

ship a year.

This diagram shows new form factors

initially designed for 100GbE and 400GbE

Ethernet ports.

1– 4 Lane Interfaces

Twisted PairCat “x”

Twinax

Duplexand ParallelOptical Fiber

0.01-40Gb/s

1-100Gb/s

40-400Gb/s

2-200Gb/sMPO QSFP-DD OSFP

QSFP–DD

Embedded Optics

ASIC

OSFP

4+ Lane Interfaces

CFP2

PAT H T O S I N G L E L A N E

2000

10G

25G

50G

100G

200G

400G

1T

10T

2010 20302020

Standard Completed

Lin

k S

pe

ed

(b

/s)

Highly ParallelSpeeds Quad Speeds

Duo Speeds

Serial Speeds

Ethernet Speed Speed in Development Possible Future Speed

S IGNALING METHODS

Signaling for higher lane

rates is transitioning from

non-return-to-zero (NRZ)

for 25Gb/s per lane to

four level Pulse-amplitude

modulation (PAM-4) for

50Gb/s per lane, and

Coherent Modulation for

100Gb/s per lane.

NRZ

PAM-4 Coherent

FATTER P IPES

4

400GBASE-DR4

400GBASE-LR8

8

50

25

100 After the data rate/lane is

chosen, the number of

lanes in a link determines

the speed. This chart

shows how 4 or 8 lanes

can be used to generate

400GbE links.Sp

ee

d/L

an

e (

Gb

/s)

Number of Lanes

Higher data rates are achieved by

using higher sampling rates and

different modulation techniques.

25Gigabaud sampling may create

25Gb/s NRZ, 50 Gb/s PAM-4 or

100Gb/s Coherent lanes.

Modulation

Gigabaud

(Samples/Second)

Paralleliz

ation

(Number o

f Lanes,

Fibers or W

avelengths)

NRZ -1

PAM-4 -2

PAM-8 -3

Coherent -4+

25

50

1004

1

812

16

Bit

s/S

am

ple

25G Lane

50G Lane

100G Lane

100G Lane

400G PMD

800G PMD

C

M

Y

CM

MY

CY

CMY

K

EthernetRoadmap 2020 Side2-FINAL.pdf 1 2/14/20 4:19 PM