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holy women

Mary ( maryam) , Asiya (the wife of Pharaoh), Khadija and Fatimah

Fatimah Fatima bint Prophet Muhammad

Arabic: فاطمة

Kunyas :

* Umm Abeeha * Umm al-Hasanayn * Umm al-Hasan * Umm al-Husayn

Titles

* al-Siddeeqah (The Truthful Woman)

* al-Mubarakah (The Blessed Woman)

* al-Tahirah (The Pure Woman)

* al-Zakiyyah (The Chaste/Innocent Woman)

* al-Radhiyah (The Satisfied Woman)

* al-Muhaddathah (The One Spoken to by Angels)

* al-Batool (The Chaste/The Pure)

* al-Zahra (The Splendid One/The Lady of Light)

* Syedatun Nisa al-Alamin (The Leader of The Women of The Worlds)

Rank

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Daughter of Prophet Muhammad

During the time of her father 5 BH – 11 AH

* 18 years with her father Prophet Muhammad

* 9 years with her husband Ali ibn Abi Talib

* 7 years with her son Hasan ibn Ali

* 6 Years with her son Husayn ibn Ali

After the time of her father 90 days 11 AH

Born Friday, 27 July 604— 20 Jamad al-Akhar 5 BH

Birth place Mecca, Hejaz

Ethnicity Hejazi Arab

Father Prophet Muhammad

Mother Khadija

Brothers Tayyab & Qasim.

Sisters Zainab, Umm Kulthum and Ruqayyah.

Spouse Ali ibn Abi Talib

Children

Sons

* Hasan ibn Ali

* Husayn ibn Ali

* Muhsin ibn Ali (Unborn)

Daughters

* Zaynab bint Ali

* Umm Kulthum bint Ali

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Died

Tuesday, 28 August 632— 3 Jumadi al-Thani 11 AH [aged 18 years 11 months 12 days]

Burial Place

Unknown but in Medina, Hejaz

Religion

Islam

Introduction

Fāṭimah bint Muḥammad (Arabic: فاطمة Fāṭimah ;[pronunciation 1] born c. 605 or 615 – died 28

August 632) was a daughter of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and Khadijah, wife of Ali and

mother of Hasan and Hussein,and one of the members of Ahl al-Bayt.She became the object of

great veneration by all Muslims, because she lived closest to her father and supported him in

his difficulties, because of the historical importance of her husband and her two sons, and

because she is the only member of Muhammad's family that gave him descendants,

numerously spread through the Islamic world and known as Fatimid.

For Muslims, Fatimah is an inspiring example and Fatimah is one of the most popular girl's

names throughout the Muslim world.

She was involved in three significant political actions, each recorded in almost all sources. First,

after the conquest of Mecca, she refused her protection to Abu Sufian; Second, after

Muhammad's death, she defended Ali’s cause, fiercely opposed the election of Abu Bakr, and

had violent disputes with him and particularly with Umar; Third, she laid claim to the property

rights of her father and challenged Abu Bakr’s categorical refusal to cede them, particularly

Fadak[ and a share in the produce of Khaybar.

She died a few months after her father's death, and was buried in Jannat Al-Baqi',but the exact

location of her grave is unknown as per Twelver,whereas Ismaily/Fatimid has indicated the

location as shown in the sketch below. Many Twelver Shia Muslims believe that she died as a

result of her injury caused by Umar, incurred while defending Ali against Abu Bakr.Sunni

Muslims, who regard Abu Bakr and Umar as revered figures, and the Zaidiyyah Shia reject this

version of events.

Shia introduction

Fatima (ع) Daughter of Muhammad (ص): Fatima (615 – 632 A.D.), mother of the Imams (ع), is

the daughter of the Messenger of Allah (ص) by his first wife, Khadija daughter of Khuwaylid,

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may the Almighty be pleased with her. Fatima was born in Mecca on a Friday, the 20th of

Jumada II in the fifth year after the declaration of the Prophetic message which corresponds,

according to the Christian calendar, to the year 615.

She was only 18 and 75 days when she died in Medina few days only (some say 75) after the

death of her revered father (ص): The Prophet (ص) passed away on Safar 28/May 28 according

to the Christian Gregorian calendar, or the 25th according to the Julian calendar, of the same

year.

Fatima passed away on the 14th of Jumada I of 11 A.H. which corresponded to August 7, 632

A.D. She was buried somewhere in the graveyard of Jannatul-Baqi' in Medina in an unmarked

and unknown grave. According to her will, her husband, Imam Ali (ع), did not leave any marks

identifying her grave, and nobody knows where it is. According to Shiite Muslims, she was the

only daughter of the Holy Prophet (ص).

Fatima has nine names/titles: Fatima فاطمة, al-Siddiqa الصديقة (the truthful one), al-Mubaraka

,(the chaste one) الزكية the pure one), al-Zakiyya) الطاهرة the blessed one), al-Tahira) المباركة

al-Radhiayya الرضية (the grateful one), al-Mardhiyya ضيةالمر (the one who shall be pleased [on

Judgment Day]), al-Muhaddatha المحدثة (the one, other than the Prophet, to whom an angel

speaks) and al-Zahra الزهراء (the splendid one).

The Prophet (ص) taught Fatima (ع) divine knowledge and endowed her with special intellectual

brilliance, so much so that she realized the true meaning of faith, piety, and the reality of Islam.

But Fatima (ع) also was a witness to sorrow and a life of anguish from the very beginning of her

life. She constantly saw how her revered father was mistreated by the unbelievers and later how

she herself fell a victim to the same abuse, only this time by some “Muslims”.

A number of chronicles quote her mother, Khadija, narrating the following about the birth of her

revered daughter: “At the time of Fatima’s birth, I sent for my neighboring Qurayshite women to

assist me. They flatly refused, saying that I had betrayed them by marrying and supporting

Muhammad. I was perturbed for a while when, to my great surprise, I saw four strange tall

women with halos around their faces approaching me.

Finding me dismayed, one of them addressed me thus, ‘O Khadija! I am Sarah, mother of Ishaq

(Isaac). The other three are: Mary mother of Christ, Asiya daughter of Muzahim and Umm

Kulthum sister of Moses. We have all been commanded by God to put our nursing knowledge at

your disposal.’ Saying this, all of them sat around me and rendered the services of midwifery till

my daughter Fatima was born.”

The motherly blessings and affection received by Fatima (ع) were only for five years after which

Khadija left for her heavenly home. The Holy Prophet brought her up thereafter.

The Holy Prophet said: “Whoever injures (bodily or otherwise) Fatima, he injures me; and

whoever injures me injures Allah; and whoever injures Allah practices unbelief. O Fatima! If your

wrath is incurred, it incurs the wrath of Allah; and if you are pleased, it makes Allah pleased,

too.”

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M.H. Shakir writes the following: “Fatima, the only daughter of the Holy Prophet of Islam, was

born in Mecca on 20th of Jumada al-Thaniya 18 B.H. (Before Hijra). The good and noble lady

Khadija and the Apostle of Allah bestowed all their natural love, care and devotion on their

lovable and only child, Fatima, who in her turn was extremely fond of her parents. The Princess

of the House of the Prophet was very intelligent, accomplished and cheerful. Her speeches,

poems and sayings serve as an index to her strength of character and nobility of mind. Her

virtues gained her the title ‘Our Lady of Light’. She was moderately tall, slender and endowed

with great beauty which caused her to be called ‘az-Zahra’ (the Lady of Light)".

Fatima (ع) was called az-Zahra' because her light used to shine among those in the heavens.

After arriving in Medina, she was married to Ali in the first year of Hijra, and she gave birth to

three sons. Her sons were: Hassan, Hussain, Masters of the youths of Paradise, and Muhsin.

Muhsin never saw the light because he was aborted as his mother was behind her house door

fending for herself while rogues were trying to break into it and force her husband to swear the

oath of allegiance to Abu Bakr. She had two daughters, Zainab, the heroine of Kerbala, and

Umm Kulthum. Her children are well-known for their piety, righteousness and generosity. Their

strength of character and actions changed the course of history.

The Holy Prophet said فاطمة بضعة مني, "Fatima is part of me". He would go out to receive his

daughter whenever she came from her husband's house. Every morning on his way to the

Mosque, he would pass by Fatima's house and say, "as-Salamu `alaykum ya Ahla Bay

annnubuwwah wa ma`din arr-risala " (Peace be with you, O Ahl al-Bayt (Household of the

Prophet) and the Substance of the Message).

Fatima (ع) is famous and acknowledged as the "Sayyidatu nisa '1-`alamin" (Leader of all the

women of the world for all times) because the Prophethood of Muhammad would not have been

everlasting without her. The Prophet is the perfect example for men, but could not be so for

women. For all the verses revealed in the Holy Qur'an for women, Fatima is the perfect model,

who translated every verse into action. In her lifetime, she was a complete woman, being

Daughter, Wife and Mother at the same time.

Fatima inherited the genius and wisdom, the determination and will power, piety and sanctity,

generosity and benevolence, devotion and worship of Allah, self-sacrifice and hospitality,

forbearance and patience, knowledge and nobility of disposition of her illustrious father, both in

words and in actions. “I often witnessed my mother,” says Imam Husain, "absorbed in prayer

from dusk to dawn."

Her generosity and compassion for the poor was such that no destitute or beggar ever returned

from her door empty-handed. She (ع) worked, dressed, ate and lived very simply. She was very

generous; and none who came to her door ever went away empty handed. Many times she

gave away all the food she had had, staying without any food at all. As a daughter, she loved

her parents so much that she won their love and regard to such an extent that the Holy Prophet

.used to stand up whenever she came to him (ص)

Birth

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Khadijah's daughters

Fatimah was born in Mecca to Khadija, the first of Muhammad's wives. There are differences of

opinion on the exact date of her birth, but the widely accepted view is that she was born five

years before the first Quranic revelations, during the time of the rebuilding of the Kaaba in 605,

although this does imply she was over 18 at the time of her marriage, which was unusual in

Arabia.Twelver Shia sources, however, state that she was born either two or five years after the

first Qur'anic revelations, but that timeline would imply her mother was over fifty at the time of

her birth.

Fatimah had three sisters namely Zainab, Umm Kulthum and Ruqayyah and two brothers

Tayyab & Qasim respectively. Shias believe that Ruqayyah and Umm Kulthum who the Sunnis

believe to be the other daughters of Muhammad were actually the daughters of Hala, the sister

of Khadijah, who were adopted by Muhammad and Khadijah at her death. A strong reason

given by the Shi'a scholars for this belief is the event of (mubahala) mentioned in the Quran, in

which there is no reference of the presence of any other female apart from Fatimah, however

Sunnis accept that Muhammad had four daughters all from Khadijah.

Titles

Arabic Fatimah az-Zahra

Fatimah is given many titles by Muslims to show their admiration of her moral and physical

characteristics. The most used title is "al-Zahra", meaning "the shining one", and she is

commonly referred to as Fatimah Zahra.She was also known as "al-Batul" (the chaste and pure

one) as she spent much of her time in prayer, reciting the Qur'an and in other acts of worship.

Early life

Following the birth of Fatimah, she was personally nursed, especially she was brought up by her

father; contrary to local customs where the newborn were sent to "wet nurses" in surrounding

villages. She spent her early youth under the care of her parents in Mecca in the shadow of the

tribulations suffered by her father at the hands of the Quraysh.

According to tradition, on one occasion while Muhammad was performing the salat (prayer) in

the Kaaba, Amr ibn Hishām (Abu Jahl) and his men poured camel placenta over him. Fatimah,

upon hearing the news, rushed to her father and wiped away the filth while scolding the men.

Following the death of her mother, Fatimah was overcome by sorrow and found it very difficult

to come to terms with her death. She was consoled by her father, who informed her that he had

received word from angel Gabriel that God had built for her a palace in paradise.

Marriage

Bismillahir Rahmanir Rahim ….. م ( ي) بسم هللا الرحمن الرح

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Many of Muhammad's companions asked for Fatimah's hand in marriage, including Abu Bakr

and Umar. Muhammad turned them all down, saying that he was awaiting a sign of her destiny.

Ali, Muhammad's cousin, also had a desire to marry Fatimah. When he went to see

Muhammad, he could not vocalise his intention but remained silent. Prophet Muhammad

understood the reason for his being there and prompted Ali to confirm that he had come to seek

Fatimah in marriage. The Holy Prophet came to Fatima (ع) and asked, "My daughter! Do you

consent to be wedded to `Ali, as I am so commanded by Allah?" Fatima (ع) thereupon bowed

her head in modesty. Umm Salamah narrates the following: "Fatima’s face Fatima bloomed with

joy and her silence was so suggestive and conspicuous that the Holy Prophet stood up to shout:

Allahu Akbar' (Allah is great)! Fatima's silence is her acceptance....." The Holy Prophet first

recited an eloquent sermon then declared: “I have been commanded by Allah to get Fatima

wedded to `Ali …Then the Holy Prophet raised his hands and supplicated thus: “O Lord! Bless

both of them, sanctify their progeny and grant them the keys of Your beneficence, Your

treasures of wisdom and genius; and let them be a source of blessing and peace to my umma.”

Her children; Imam Hasan, Imam Hussain, Zainab and Umm Kulthum, are well-known for their

piety, righteousness and generosity. Their strength of character and actions changed the course

of history and fortified Islam which otherwise would have been lost to mankind. On Friday, Thul

Hijja 1, 2 A.H., which corresponded to May 25, 624 A.D. according to the Julian Christian

calendar or to the 28th of May of the same year according to the Gregorian Christian calendar

which is widely used in the text of this book, the marriage ceremony took place. All the

Muhajirun (emigrants) and Ansar (supporters) of Medina assembled in the mosque while Imam

`Ali was seated before the Holy Prophet with all the ceremonious modesty of a bridegroom.

Muhammad told Ali that he had been ordered by God to give his daughter Fatimah to Ali in

marriage. Muhammad said to Fatimah: "I have married you to the dearest of my family to me."

…. He suggested that Ali had a shield, which if sold, would provide sufficient money to pay the

bridal gift (mahr).,.Ali sold his shield to raise the money needed for the wedding, as suggested

by Muhammad. However, Uthman ibn Affan, to whom the shield was sold, gave it back to Ali

saying it was his wedding gift to Ali and Fatimah. Muhammad himself performed the wedding

ceremony and two of his wives, Aisha and Umm Salama, prepared the wedding feast with

dates, figs, sheep and other food donated by various members of the Madinan

community.According to Hossein Nasr, their marriage possesses a special spiritual significance

for all Muslims because it is seen as the marriage between the greatest saintly figures

surrounding Muhammad. Their marriage lasted about ten years and ended when Fatimah died.

Although polygyny is permitted by Islam, Ali did not marry another woman while Fatimah was

alive…Fatimah As a wife, she was very devoted. She never asked Ali for anything in her entire

life. As a mother, she cared for and brought up wonderful children; they have left their marks on

the pages of world history which time and the plots of enemies of Ahl al-Bayt (ع) will never be

able to erase.

Her merits according to the Qur’an and Hadith

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Miswar ibn Makhramah reported Allah’s messenger as saying: “Fatima is part of me. He in fact tortures me who tortures her.” (Sahih Muslim Vol. IV, Chapter MVII, Merits of Fatima) “Fatima is the chief of the women of Paradise.” (Sahih-Al-Bukhari Vol. V, chapter 29, The Merits of Fatima) "Fatima is a human Houri, whenever I long for paradise I kiss her." (Tareekh Baghdad by Khateeb Baghdadi: v.5, p.86)

Anas ibn Malik's mother is reported to have said: "Fatima was like a moon on its full night or the sun covered with no clouds. She was white with a touch of rose color on her face, her hair was black, and she had the beautiful features of the Messenger of Allah." (Mustadrak al-Hakim: v.3, p.161.)

It is reported that ‘Aisha said: "I have not seen a person more similar to the Prophet's appearance, conduct, guidance, and speech, whether sitting or standing, than Fatima. When she enters, the Messenger of Allah stands up, kisses and welcomes her, then takes her hand and asks her to sit in his place." (Tirmadhi and Ibn Abdurabbeh in Eqd al-Farid: v.2, p.3.)

‘Ali is reported to have heard the Prophet say this to Fatima: "Surely Allah is angered when you are angered, and is pleased at your pleasure." (Mustadrak al-Hakim: v.3, p.154., Tadhkirat al-Bast: p.175., Maqtal al-Khawarazmi: v.1, p.54., Kefayat At-Talib: p.219., Kanz al-Umal: v.7, p.111., Sawiq: p.105)

The Prophet was also reported to have said to Fatima while holding her hand: "He, who knows this, knows her, and he who does not know her; she is part of me, she is my heart and my spirit which is in my side, thus he who harms her harms me." (Al-Fusul al-Muhammad: p.150., Nuzhat Al-Majalis: v.2, p.228., Nur al-Absar: p.45)

He was also reported to have said: "Fatima is part of me; whoever annoys her annoys me and whoever harms her harms me." (Sahih al-Bukhari, Muslim, Tirmadhi, Musnad Ahmad: v.4, p. 328., Khasaes An- Nisaee: p.35)

He also said: "Fatima is part of me; he who angers her angers me." (Sahih al-Bukhari, Khasaes An-Nisaee: p.35)

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Also said: "The best of your men is Ali Ibn Abu Talib, and the best of your women is Fatima Bint Muhammad." (Tareekh Baghdad: v.4, p.392)

‘Aisha is reported to have said: "(I declare) by Allah that I have not seen anyone more beloved to Allah's Messenger than Ali, or a woman on earth more beloved to him than his wife (Ali's wife, Fatima)." (Mustadrak al-Hakim: v.3, p.154, Khasaes An-Nisaee: p.29)

Burayda and Ubay were reported to have said: "The most beloved to the Messenger of Allah from among women is Fatima, and from among men is Ali. (Khasaes An-Nisaee: p.29, Mustadrak al-Hakim: v.3, p.115)

Juma ibn Umayr said: "I entered ‘Ali's house with my aunt, when I inquired as to who was the most beloved of all people to Allah's Messenger. She said: Fatima. Then she was asked: And from among men? She said: her husband; ever since I met him he has been fasting and praying." (Jame' At-Tirmadhi: v.2, p.227, other collective books)

Love of the Prophet for Fatima The Prophet loved Fatima not only because she was his daughter, but also because of her high spiritual status and her nearness to Allah .

‘Aisha bint Talha quoted ‘Aisha bint Abu Bakr as saying: "I have not seen anyone more similar to the Messenger in speech and dialogue than Fatima. Whenever she entered the house, he would greet her, kiss her hands and ask her to sit near him. Likewise, when he entered the house, she would greet him, kiss his hands ..."

Khawarizmi wrote in his book Maqtal al-Hussain that Hudhayfa said: "The Messenger of Allah used to kiss Fatima all over her face before he went to sleep."

Ibn Umar said: "Once the Prophet kissed Fatima's head and said: `May your father be your sacrifice; stay as you are.’"

According to Dhakhear al-Uqbi, ‘Aisha said:

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"Once the Messenger of Allah kissed Fatima's throat, so I said, ‘Messenger of Allah! You have done something which you have not done before!’ The Prophet answered, ‘Aisha, whenever I long for Paradise, I kiss Fatima's throat.’"

The Messenger of Allah said: "The best of the women of Paradise are: Khadija Bint Khowailid, Fatima Bint Muhammad, Asiyah Bint Muzahim (Pharaoh's wife), and Mariam bint Imran mother of Jesus

He also said: "The best of the women of the world are four: Maryam Bint Imran, Asia Bint Muzahim, Khadija Bint Khowailid, and Fatima Bint Muhammad." (These two narrations have been reported in Musnad Ahmad v.2, p.293)

Hakim Nishapouri reported in his book Mustadrak that the Prophet said to Fatima: "Is it not satisfying to you to be the mistress of the women of the world, this Ummah, and the believing women?" The above presentation is but a small sample of traditions regarding the merits of Hadhrat Fatima Zahra . Allah has revealed verses of the Qur’an in praise of the family of the Prophet. Four historical quotes from the Qur’an are listed below: “But whoever disputes with you in this matter after what has come to you of knowledge, then say: Come, let us call our sons and your sons, and our women and your women, and our near people (ourselves) and your near people (yourselves), then let us be earnest in prayer, and pray for the curse of Allah on

the liars.” (Chapter 3, v. 61 of the Qur’an)

In the ninth year of Hijra, a Christian delegation came to Prophet Muhammad seeking clarification about the status of Prophet Jesus. They refused to accept the Prophet’s position that Jesus was not the “Son of God.” Allah revealed the above verse. The Prophet took Fatima to represent all the believing women. He also took Ali, Hasan, and Husayn. “Allah only desires to keep away the uncleanliness from you, O people of the

house, and to purify you a (thorough) purification.” (Chapter 33, v. 33 of the Qur’an)

The circumstances of the revelation of this verse are documented in the famous Hadithe- Kisa referenced above Briefly, the Prophet, Ali, Fatima, Hasan, and Husayn (peace be upon them) were assembled under the prophet’s blanket in the house of Fatima. Allah sent Angel Gabriel with this verse, testifying to the purity of these exalted personalities. “Say: I do not ask of you any reward for it (my toils), but love for (my) near

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relatives …” (Chapter 42, v. 23 of the Qur’an)

It has been agreed by all schools of Islam that the individuals referred to here as “relatives” or kin (Qurbaa in Arabic), were none other than Fatima, Ali, Hasan, and Husayn (peace be upon them). Showing love and affection to these individuals is commanded by Allah.

“And they give food out of love for Him, to the poor and the orphan and the captive.” (Chapter 76, v. 8 of the Qur’an) Chapter 76 of the Qur’an was revealed in praise of Fatima, Ali, Hasan, and Husayn. They had made a vow to fast for three days in a row. At iftaar time, each evening a needy person knocked at their door asking for food. They gave away what little food they had for themselves to the needy and broke the fast with water only. They endured three days of hunger for the sake of Allah. Allah was so pleased with them that the entire Chapter 76 was revealed to honor them.

Life before the death of prophet Muhammad

Fatimah marital life

Poverty

After her marriage to Ali, the couple led a humble life in contrast to her sisters who were all

married to wealthy individuals. Ali had built a house not too far from Muhammad's residence

where he lived with Fatimah. However, due to Fatimah's desire to be closer to her father, a

Medinan (Haritha bin al-Numan) donated his own house to them.

For several years after her marriage, she did all of the work by herself. The shoulder on which

she carried pitchers of water from the well was swollen and the hand with which she worked the

handmill to grind corn where often covered with blisters. Fatimah vouched to take care of the

household work, make dough, bake bread, and clean the house; in return, Ali vouched to take

care of the outside work such as gathering firewood, and bringing food. Ali worked to irrigate

other peoples lands by drawing water from the wells. Their circumstances were akin to many of

the Muslims at the time and only improved following the Battle of Khaybar when the produce of

Khaybar was distributed among the poor. When the economic situations of the Muslims become

better, Fatimah gained some maids but treated them like her family and performed the house

duties with them.

Another reference to their simple life comes to us from the Tasbih of Fatimah, a divine formula

that was first given to Fatimah when she asked her father for a kaneez (servant girl) in order to

help her with household chores. Her father asked her if she would like a gift instead that was

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better than a servant and worth more than everything in the world. Upon her ready agreement,

he told her to recite at the end of every prayer the Great Exaltation, Allahu Akbar 34 times, the

Statement of Absolute Gratitude, Alhamdulillah 33 times and the Invocation of Divine Glory,

Subhan'Allah 33 times, totalling 100. This collective prayer is called the Tasbih of Fatima.

Married life

An indication of their special relationship is found in the fact that Ali never married another

woman as long as Fatima was alive. Some Sunnis believe that Ali allegedly asked for Abu

Jahl's daughter in marriage, but Muhammad did not allow him to marry her because it would

upset Fatimah, although this view is rejected by the Shia Muslims and is not considered a

strong hadith by many Sunni scholars. The three most popular versions of this tradition are

related by al-Miswar b. Makhrama, a Companion who was about nine years old when

Muhammad died. Ali however did not marry another woman during Fatima's lifetime despite the

difference in opinion among some Muslims about his proposal for Abu Jahl's daughter.

According to Denise L. Soufi, the purpose of the narration -in which Ali allegedly asks for Abu

Jahl's daughter's hand- is to denigrate Ali or to establish the Sunni orthodoxy that the fourth

Caliph, i.e. Ali, is lower in rank than the earlier ones.

Muhammad giving Fatimah in marriage to his cousin Ali. From the Siyer-i Nebi.

Ali was given the name of Abu Turab (the man of dust) by Muhammad. Although some sources

explain this by linking it to the disputes with Fatimah where, instead of arguing with Fatimah, Ali

would go and put dust on his head.,other sources such as Ibn Hisham and Musnad Ahmad ibn

Hanbal say this name was given to Ali before marriage.

According to the Encyclopedia of Islam, Fatimah had occasional disputes with her husband and

often sought the intersession of her father who showed signs of great satisfaction upon

reconciling the couple's differences. Denise L. Soufi on the other hand finds such tradition as

"mere a narrative device to praise Ali". For example she says: "her complaints about Ali elicit

high praise from the Prophet for him. In fact, whenever Fatima has any troubles or worries in her

life, it is usually praise for Ali which is used to comfort her."

In her view, these traditions are kept for the purpose of the Sunni-Shia debate over the

Caliphate, even though they are in contrast with what she describes the Shia picture of the

marriage to be "harmonious and divinely ordained".

In contrary with what Sunni says, in Shia literature there are some speeches from Ali that deny

any problem with his spouse. For instance, Ali has sworn to the God that:" I never did any act

that make Fatimah angry and she never made me angry too"

Shia acknowledge the saying of Muhammad, "Fatimah is a part of me and whoever offends her

offends me", however the context of the reporting in reference to Ali is disputed; like Abu

Muhammad Ordoni quotes in his book: "Among the many fabricated stories told against Ali was

that he had asked for Abu Jahl's (the chief of infidels) daughter's hand in marriage. When this

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news reached Fatimah, she rushed to her father who found out the falsity of the story."

Shia say this statement was used by Fatimah herself when she spoke to Abu Bakr and Umar,

stating that they had both displeased her.

On the battlefield

Following the Battle of Uhud, Fatimah tended to the wounds of her father and husband, and

took it upon herself to regularly visit the graves of all those who died in the battle and pray for

them. Fatimah, along with her husband, was also called upon by Abu Sufyan to intercede on his

behalf with Muhammad while attempting to make amends following the violation of the Treaty of

Hudaybiyyah. Abu Sufyan also asked for Fatimah's protection when she went to Mecca while it

was under occupation which she refused under instruction from her father.

Fatimah in the Qur'an

Ahl al-Bayt

Some verses in the Qur'an are associated to Fatimah and her household by classical exegetes,

although she is not mentioned by name. According to J. D. McAuliffe, two of the most important

verses include the verse of purification, which is the 33rd ayah in sura al-Ahzab and the 61st

ayah in sura Al-i-Imran. In the first verse, the phrase "people of the house" (ahl al-bayt) is

ordinarily understood to consist of Muhammad, Fatimah, her husband Ali and their two sons

(al-Tabari in his exegesis also mentions a tradition that interprets "people of the house" as

Muhammad's wives; for Ibn al-Jawzi, the order of these options is reversed).The second verse

refers to an episode in which Muhammad proposed an ordeal of mutual adjuration (mubahala)

to a delegation of Christians. Fatimah, according to the "occasion for the revelation" of this

verse, was among those offered by Muhammad as witnesses and guarantors.

Muslim exegesis of the Qur'anic verse 3:42, links the praise of Mary, the mother of Jesus, with

that of Fatimah based on a quote attributed to Muhammad that lists the outstanding women of

all time as Mary, Asiya (the wife of Pharaoh), Khadija and Fatimah (the all Muslim

commentaries insists upon the absolute superiority of Fatimah).

Life after the death of prophet Muhammad

After The Prophet’s Demise

نبلي الحافظ قال ابن الجوزي )أبو الفرج عبد الرحمن بن أبي الحسن علي بن محمد القرشي التيمي البكري، الفقيه الح

حدث دخله فسيح جناته، فقيه حنبلي مالمفسر الواعظ المؤرخ األديب المعروف بابن الجوزي، رحمه هللا رحمة واسعة، وأ

هـ ] ولد وتوفي في بغداد( : روي عن علي )عليه السالم( قال: لما 091رمضان 11 -م 1111[هـ/015ومؤرخ ومتكلم

لى عينيها، مات رسول هللا )صلى هللا عليه وآله وسلم( جاءت فاطمة )عليها السالم( فأخذت قبضة من تراب القبر فوضعته ع

Page 14 of 51

تقول فبكت وأنشأت :

نفسي على زفراتها محبوسة يا ليتها خرجت مع الزفرات

ال خير بعدك في الحياة وإنما أبكي مخافة أن تطول حياتي

Ibn al-Jawzi, namely Abul-Faraj Abdul-Rahman ibn Abul-Hassan Ali ibn Muhammad al-Qarashi

(or Quraishi, of Quraish tribe) al-Taymi al-Bakri, was a Hanbali faqih who knew the Holy Qur’an

by heart, an orator, historian and a man of letters.

He was born in Baghdad in 510 A.H./1117 A.D. and died there on the 12th of the month of

Ramadan of 592 A.H. which coincided with August 16, 1196 A.D. according to the Gregorian

Christian calendar or the 9th of the same month and year according to the Julian calendar. May

the Almighty shower him with His broad mercy and admit him into His spacious Paradise. He

quotes Imam Ali (ع) saying that when the Messenger of Allah (ص) died, Fatima (ع) went to his

gravesite, took a handful of its dust, put it on her eyes, wept and composed these verses of

poetry:

My soul is confined with every sigh,

How I wish it departed as sighs depart.

No good is there in life after you so I

For fear my life will prolong do I cry.

Succession to prophet Muhammad

For the few months that she survived following the death of her father, Fatimah found herself

indirectly at the center of political disunity. Differing accounts of the events surrounding the

commencement of the caliphate exist which were the cause of the Shia and Sunni split.

According to the Sunnis the majority of Muslims at the time of Muhammed's death favoured Abu

Bakr as the Caliph while a portion of the population supported Fatimah's husband, Ali.

Following his selection to the caliphate after a meeting in Saqifah, Abu Bakr and Umar with a

few other companions headed to Fatimah's house to obtain homage from Ali and his supporters

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who had gathered there. Then Umar threatened to set the house on fire unless they came out

and swore allegiance with Abu Bakr.There is no consensus among the sources about what

happened next.

According to the Encyclopaedia of Islam, some Shia sources say that upon seeing them, Ali

came out with his sword drawn but Umar, Abu Bakar and their companions returned without any

allegiance on the hand of Abu Bakr. Ali did not accept or reject Abu Bakr's Khilafat and also

helped him in solving many state problems.

According to Denise L. Soufi:

"...traditions discussing her involvement in the events which took place after the death of the

Prophet seem to contain some truth despite their partisan biases. This is due to the fact that the

Sunnis were unable to completely suppress what was so obviously detrimental to their

reconstruction of religious history: namely, that Fatima quarreled with abu Bakr over his seizure

of the caliphate and the Prophet's properties, that she never forgave him for his actions and that

her death was kept secret for some time, probably at her request, in order to prevent him from

presiding over her funeral rites. What is ironic is that this small window into the character of

Fatima has been downplayed or ignored by Sunnis and inflated and overemphasized by

Shias..."

Lesley Hazleton describes the events as follows:

«Short of actually following through on his threat and killing all of Muhammad's closest family,

Omar was left, as he saw it, with only one option. If Ali would not come out, then he, Omar,

would have to force his way in. He took a running leap and threw his whole weight against the

door[...] Either way, some overture might have been warranted from Abu Bakr, or at least from

Omar, but there was none. Indeed there was less than none. To add insult to the injury that had

already been done to her, Fatima would now lose the property she considered hers(Fadak).»

Shia historians hold that Umar called for Ali and his men to come out and swear allegiance to

Abu Bakr. When they did not, Umar broke in, resulting in Fatimah's ribs being broken by being

pressed between the door and the wall causing her to miscarry Muhsin which led to her

eventual death. Another Shia version of the events says that Umar sent a force led by his

slave-boy Qunfud to Fatimah's house instructing them to bring Ali to the mosque. Arriving at the

house, Qunfud requested permission to enter, which was refused by Ali causing Qunfud to

return to Abu Bakr and Umar and relate the events, who instructed them to go back and enter

the house by force if necessary. Qunfud and his men returned but were this time refused

permission by Fatimah which caused Qunfud to send his men back to Abu Bakr and Umar for

further instructions who told them to burn the house down if necessary in order to bring Ali to

them.

Inheritance

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Property Of Fadak

The Prophet (ص) taught Fatima (ع) divine knowledge and endowed her with special intellectual

brilliance, so much so that she realized the true meaning of faith, piety, and the reality of Islam.

But Fatima (ع) also was a witness to sorrow and a life of anguish from the very beginning of her

life. She constantly saw how her revered father was mistreated by the unbelievers and later how

she herself fell a victim to the same abuse, only this time by some “Muslims”. For more details

about Fadak, refer to its proper place in this Glossary.

Fadak

"Unlike the ascetic who has renounced the affairs of the world, both the historical and

hagiographical sources about Fatima al-Zahra document her active participation in domestic

and public life. One particular event is recounted in all of the histories both Shiʿi and Sunni: the

dispute over the land Fatima received from her father at Fadak...her knowledge of her legal

rights and desire for justice indicate that she was a woman involved in the affairs of society".

After the death of her father, Fatimah approached Abu Bakr and asked him to relinquish her

share of the inheritance from Muhammad's estate. Fatimah expected the land of Fadak

(situated 30 mi (48 km) from Medina and a share of Khaybar would be passed onto her as part

of her inheritance. However, Abu Bakr rejected her request citing a narration where Muhammad

stated that prophets do not leave behind inheritance and that all their possessions become

sadaqah to be used for charity. Fatimah was upset at this flat refusal by Abu Bakr and did not

speak to him until her death (however some Sunni sources claim she had reconciled her

differences with Abu Bakr before she died). Shias contend that Fadak had been given to

Fatimah by Muhammad and Abu Bakr was wrong in not allowing her to take possession of it.

Digression: Jews Of Medina

One may wonder what brought those Jews to Medina to live among people whom they regarded

as their inferior, polytheist pagans who regarded as profession other than trade to be beneath

their status. There are two theories. One says that those Jews were motivated by the desire to

be the first to believe in the new Arabian Prophet whose name was written in their religious

books and whose mission was about to start, so they made a mass immigration to Medina.

Their high rabbis had told them that Medina would be the place where the new Prophet,

Muhammad (ص), would be preaching the divine message. This view is supported by verses 40

– 103 of Surat al-Baqara (Chapter of the Cow, i.e. Ch. 2) which repeatedly admonishes the

Israelites and strongly rebukes them for seeing the truth but turning away from it. According to

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this theory, those Jews with religious fervor had come from Jerusalem in particular and Greater

Syria (Sham) in particular.

The other theory seeks an explanation from the historic events that took place in southern

Arabia, particularly Yemen, concluding that those Jews had migrated from there seeking

religious freedom and better economic conditions. This is how advocates of this theory reason:

The immigration of the majority of Jews into Yemen from abroad appears to have taken place

about the beginning of the 2nd century A.D. But the province is mentioned neither by Josephus,

better known as Yoseph ben (ibn, i.e. son of) Mattithyahu (37 – cir. 100 A.D.), a Romano-Jewish

historian and hagiographer of priestly and royal ancestry, nor by the main books of the Jewish

oral law, namely the Mishnah and Talmud.

According to some sources, the Jews of Yemen enjoyed prosperity until the 6th century A.D.

The Himyarite King, Abu-Karib Asad Toban, converted to Judaism at the end of the 5th century,

while laying siege to Medina. It is likely some of his soldiers preferred to stay there for economic

and perhaps other reasons. His army had marched north to battle the Aksumites who had been

fighting for control of Yemen for a hundred years. The Aksumites were only expelled from the

region when the newly Jewish king rallied the Jews from all over Arabia, together with pagan

allies. But this victory was short-lived.

In 518 A.D., the kingdom of Yemen was taken over by Zar’a Yousuf, who was of “royal descent”

but was not the son of his predecessor, Ma'di Karib Ya’fur. Yousuf converted to Judaism and

instigated wars to drive the Aksumite Ethiopians from Arabia. Zar'a Yousuf is chiefly known by

his cognomen “Thu Nuwas”, in reference to his "curly hair." The Jewish rule lasted till 525 A.D.,

only 85 years before the inception of the Islamic Prophetic mission.

Some historians, however, date it later, to 530, when Christians from the Aksumite Kingdom of

Ethiopia defeated and killed Thu Nuwas, taking power in Yemen. According to a number of

medieval historians, Thu Nuwas announced that he would persecute the Christians living in his

kingdom, mostly in Najran, because Christian states had persecuted his fellow co-religionists

(the Jews) in their realms. This persecution, which took place in the year 524 A.D., is blamed on

one Dimnon in Najran, that is modern al-Ukhdud area of Saudi Arabia.

Any reader of the Holy Qur’an must have come across verse 4 of Surat al-Buruj (Chapter 85) of

the Holy Qur’an which refers to أَْصَحاُب األُْخُدود, fellows of the Ukhdud, which is imprecisely

translated as “the ditch self-destructed” in some English translations of the Holy Qur’an. To the

author of this book, who speaks Arabis as his mother tongue, my dear reader, “the ditch

self-destructed” does not make much sense at all.

Actually, this “ukhdud” was a long ditch filled with firewood. It was lit and the believers were

thrown into it if they refused to abandon their faith. Some ran away from this inferno, which may

remind one of a similar situation which took place with Prophet Ibrahim (Abraham) at the hands

of Nimrud of 13th Century B.C. Assyria. The survivors, most likely Christians and Jews, fled up

north in the direction of Medina which they made home. The Almighty in 85:4 condemns this

massacre in the strongest of terms, and Christians and Jews ought to appreciate this fact.

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According to some sources, after seizing the throne of the Himyarites, in 518 or 523 A.D., Thu

Nuwas attacked the Aksumite (mainly Christian) garrison at Zafar, capturing them and burning

their churches. He then moved against Najran, a Christian and Aksumite stronghold. After

accepting the city's capitulation, he massacred those inhabitants who would not renounce

Christianity in this ukhdud incident. Estimates of the death toll from this event range up to

20,000 in some sources. So, believers in God, Christians and Jews, had reasons to go

somewhere else where they would practice their religion freely while enjoying better business

opportunities among Arabs who, at the time, were mostly nomads.

Khutba of Fatima Zahra Demanding Fadak

سجد أبيها )ص( عند مطالبتها بفدك وميراثها من أبيهاخطبة فاطمة الزهراء بنت النبي محمد في م :

لغها ذلك روى عبد هللا بن الحسن باسناده عن آبائه ، أنه لما أجمع أبوبكر وعمر على منع فاطمة عليها السالم فدكا و ب

مشية رسول ا تخرم مشيتهاالثت خمارها على رأسها و اشتملت بجلبابها وأقبلت في لمٍة من حفدتها ونساء قومها تطأ ذيولها، م

م أَنت هللا ) ص (، حتى دخلت على أبي بكر وهو في حشد من المهاجرين واألنصار وغيرهم فنيطت دونها مالءة فجلست ث

كالم بحمد هللا و أَنًة أجهش القوم لها بالبكاء فأرتج المجلس ثم أمهلت هنيئة حتى إذا سكن نشيج القوم وهدأت فورتهم افتتحت ال

ليه والصالة على رسوله فعاد القوم في بكائهم فلما أمسكوا عادت في كالمها فقالت عليها السالمالثناء ع :

أوالها الحمد هلل على ما أنعم وله الشكر على ما ألهم والثناء بما قدم من عموم نعم ابتداها وسبوغ آالء أسداها وتمام منن

إلى وت عن اإلدراك أبدها وندبهم الستزادتها بالشكر التصالها واستحمدجم عن اإلحصاء عددها ونأى عن الجزاء أمدها وتفا

من الخالئق بإجزالها وثنى بالندب إلى أمثالها وأشهد أن ال إله إال هللا وحده ال شريك له كلمة جعل اإلخالص تأويلها وض

بتدع األشياء ال ه ومن األوهام كيفيته االقلوب موصولها وأنار في التفكر معقولها الممتنع من األبصار رؤيته ومن األلسن صفت

ال فائدة له ء كان قبلها وأنشأها بال احتذاء أمثلة امتثلها كونها بقدرته وذرأها بمشيته من غير حاجة منه إلى تكوينها ومن شي

ثواب على طاعته لفي تصويرها إال تثبيتا لحكمته وتنبيها على طاعته وإظهارا لقدرته تعبدا لبريته وإعزازا لدعوته ثم جعل ا

قبل أن ووضع العقاب على معصيته ذيادة لعباده من نقمته وحياشة لهم إلى جنته وأشهد أن أبي محمدا عبده ورسوله اختاره

ية العدم مقرونة أرسله وسماه قبل أن اجتباه واصطفاه قبل أن ابتعثه إذ الخالئق بالغيب مكنونة وبستر األهاويل مصونة وبنها

إمضاء لى بمآيل األمور وإحاطة بحوادث الدهور ومعرفة بمواقع األمور ابتعثه هللا إتماما ألمره وعزيمة علىعلما من هللا تعا

أنار هللا بأبي حكمه وإنفاذا لمقادير رحمته فرأى األمم فرقا في أديانها عكفا على نيرانها عابدة ألوثانها منكرة هلل مع عرفانها ف

هم من وجلى عن األبصار غممها وقام في الناس بالهداية فأنقذهم من الغواية وبصر محمد ص ظلمها وكشف عن القلوب بهمها

ثار فمحمد ) ص العماية وهداهم إلى الدين القويم ودعاهم إلى الطريق المستقيم ثم قبضه هللا إليه قبض رأفة واختيار ورغبة وإي

بي نبيه لغفار ومجاورة الملك الجبار صلى هللا على أ( من تعب هذه الدار في راحة قد حف بالمالئكة األبرار ورضوان الرب ا

.وأمينه وخيرته من الخلق وصفيه والسالم عليه ورحمة هللا وبركاته

كم وبلغاءه ثم التفتت إلى أهل المجلس وقالت : أنتم عباد هللا نصب أمره ونهيه وحملة دينه ووحيه وأمناء هللا على أنفس

Page 19 of 51

لساطع والضياء هد قدمه إليكم وبقية استخلفها عليكم كتاب هللا الناطق والقرآن الصادق والنور اإلى األمم زعيم حق له فيكم وع

اة استماعه به الالمع بينة بصائره منكشفة سرائره منجلية ظواهره مغتبطة به أشياعه قائدا إلى الرضوان اتباعه مؤد إلى النج

رخصه ة وبيناته الجالية وبراهينه الكافية وفضائله المندوبة وتنال حجج هللا المنورة وعزائمه المفسرة ومحارمه المحذر

كية للنفس ونماء الموهوبة وشرائعه المكتوبة فجعل هللا اإليمان تطهيرا لكم من الشرك والصالة تنزيها لكم عن الكبر والزكاة تز

متنا أمانا للفرقة نظاما للملة وإمافي الرزق والصيام تثبيتا لإلخالص والحج تشييدا للدين والعدل تنسيقا للقلوب وطاعتنا

سخط والجهاد عزا لإلسالم والصبر معونة على استيجاب األجر واألمر بالمعروف مصلحة للعامة وبر الوالدين وقاية من ال

ين مكاييل والموازوصلة األرحام منسأة في العمر ومنماة للعدد والقصاص حقنا للدماء والوفاء بالنذر تعريضا للمغفرة وتوفية ال

ا للعفة وحرم تغييرا للبخس والنهي عن شرب الخمر تنزيها عن الرجس واجتناب القذف حجابا عن اللعنة وترك السرقة إيجاب

ه ونهاكم عنه فإنه هللا الشرك إخالصا له بالربوبية فاتقوا هللا حق تقاته وال تموتن إال وأنتم مسلمون وأطيعوا هللا فيما أمركم ب

ه العلماءإنما يخشى هللا من عباد .

ثم قالت: أيها الناس اعلموا أني فاطمة و أبي محمد ص أقول عودا وبدوا وال أقول ما أقول غلطا وال أفعل ما أفعل

ن يَن َرُؤٌف َرح يٌص َعلَْيُكْم ب اْلُمْؤم ْم َحر يٌز َعلَْيه ما َعن تُّ ُكْم َعز ْن أَْنفُس فوه تجدوه ن تعزوه وتعريٌم ، فإشططا ، لََقْد جاَءُكْم َرُسوٌل م

أبي دون نسائكم وأخا ابن عمي دون رجالكم ، ولنعم المعزى إليه ص فبلغ الرسالة صادعا بالنذارة مائال عن مدرجة

ام حتى انهزم المشركين ضاربا ثبجهم آخذا بأكظامهم داعيا إلى سبيل ربه بالحكمة والموعظة الحسنة يجف األصنام وينكث اله

اطين وطاح حتى تفرى الليل عن صبحه وأسفر الحق عن محضه ونطق زعيم الدين وخرست شقاشق الشيالجمع وولوا الدبر

ا حفرة من النار وشيظ النفاق وانحلت عقد الكفر والشقاق وفهتم بكلمة اإلخالص في نفر من البيض الخماص وكنتم على شف

خافون أن ق وتقتاتون القد و الورق أذلة خاسئين تمذقة الشارب ونهزة الطامع وقبسة العجالن وموطئ األقدام تشربون الطر

ل وذؤبان العرب يتخطفكم الناس من حولكم فأنقذكم هللا تبارك وتعالى بمحمد ص بعد اللتيا واللتي وبعد أن مني ببهم الرجا

ي ف أخاه فومردة أهل الكتاب كلما أوقدوانارا للحرب أطفأها هللا أو نجم قرن الشيطان أو فغرت فاغرة من المشركين قذ

من رسول هللا لهواتها فال ينكفئ حتى يطأ جناحها بأخمصه ويخمد لهبها بسيفه مكدودا في ذات هللا مجتهدا في أمر هللا قريبا

ون آمنون سيدا في أولياء هللا مشمرا ناصحا مجدا كادحا ال تأخذه في هللا لومة الئم وأنتم في رفاهية من العيش وادعون فاكه

ار أنبيائه ومأوى ائر وتتوكفون األخبار وتنكصون عند النزال وتفرون من القتال. فلما اختار هللا لنبيه دتتربصون بنا الدو

لين فخطر في أصفيائه ظهر فيكم حسكة النفاق وسمل جلباب الدين ونطق كاظم الغاوين ونبغ خامل األقلين وهدر فنيق المبط

نهضكم فوجدكم فاكم لدعوته مستجيبين وللعزة فيه مالحظين ثم استعرصاتكم وأطلع الشيطان رأسه من مغرزه هاتفا بكم فأل

ح لما يندمل خفافا وأحمشكم فألفاكم غضابا فوسمتم غير إبلكم ووردتم غير مشربكم هذا والعهد قريب والكلم رحيب والجر

م وكيف بكم وأنى هيهات منكوالرسول لما يقبر ابتدارا زعمتم خوف الفتنة أال في الفتنة سقطوا وإن جهنم لمحيطة بالكافرين ف

تؤفكون وكتاب هللا بين أظهركم أموره ظاهرة وأحكامه زاهرة وأعالمه باهرة وزواجره الئحة وأوامره واضحة وقد خلفتموه

منه وهو في وراء ظهوركم أرغبة عنه تريدون أم بغيره تحكمون بئس للظالمين بدال ومن يتبع غير اإلسالم دينا فلن يقبل

مرتها اسرين ثم لم تلبثوا إال ريث أن تسكن نفرتها ويسلس قيادها ثم أخذتم تورون وقدتها وتهيجون جاآلخرة من الخ

رتغاء وتمشون وتستجيبون لهتاف الشيطان الغوي وإطفاء أنوار الدين الجلي وإهمال سنن النبي الصفي تشربون حسوا في ا

إرث لنا ووخز السنان في الحشا وأنتم اآلن تزعمون أن ال ألهله وولده في الخمرة والضراء ويصير منكم على مثل حز المدى

ية أني ابنته أيها ، أ فحكم الجاهلية تبغون ومن أحسن من هللا حكما لقوم يوقنون أفال تعلمون ، بلى قد تجلى لكم كالشمس الضاح

ى عمد تركتم كتاب شيئا فريا أفعلالمسلمون أأغلب على إرثي يا ابن أبي قحافة أفي كتاب هللا ترث أباك وال أرث أبي لقد جئت

َث ُسلَْيماُن داُود” هللا ونبذتموه وراء ظهوركم إذ يقول :َوَور " ََ ْن وقال فيما اقتص من خبر يحيى بن زكريا إذ قال : "َفَهْب ل ي م

ْن آل َيْعقُوَب" وقال ُث م ُثن ي َو َير " وقال َو أُولُوا اأْلَْرحام َبْعُضُهمْ ” : لَُدْنَك َول ي ًا َير تاب هللاه ُ ف ي ُيوص ”:أَْولى ب َبْعٍض ف ي ك يُكُم هللاه

اأْلُْنَثَيْين ْثُل َحظِّ َكر م

ُكْم ل لذه ق ” : وقال“أَْوالد ُة ل ْلوال َدْين َو اأْلَْقَرب يَن ب اْلَمْعُروف َحق ًا َعَلى اْلُمته يه يَن"، وزعمتم أن إ ْن َتَرَك َخْيراً اْلَوص

ثان أو لي وال إرث من أبي وال رحم بيننا أ فخصكم هللا بآية أخرج أبي منها أم هل تقولون إن أهل ملتين ال يتوارال حظوة

ك لست أنا وأبي من أهل ملة واحدة أم أنتم أعلم بخصوص القرآن وعمومه من أبي وابن عمي فدونكها مخطومة مرحولة تلقا

Page 20 of 51

كل نبأ مستقر د القيامة وعند الساعة يخسر المبطلون وال ينفعكم إذ تندمون وليوم حشرك فنعم الحكم هللا والزعيم محمد والموع

.وسوف تعلمون من يأتيه عذاب يخزيه ويحل عليه عذاب مقيم

:ثم رمت بطرفها نحو األنصار فقالت

أبي كان رسول هللايا معشر النقيبة وأعضاد الملة وحضنة اإلسالم، ما هذه الغميزة في حقي والسنة عن ظالمتي أما

ن يقول المرء يحفظ في ولده سرعان ما أحدثتم وعجالن ذا إهالة ولكم طاقة بما أحاول وقوة على ما أطلب و أزاول أتقولو

س والقمر مات محمد ) ص ( فخطب جليل استوسع وهنه واستنهر فتقه وانفتق رتقه وأظلمت األرض لغيبته وكسفت الشم

لنازلة الكبرى اآلمال وخشعت الجبال وأضيع الحريم وأزيلت الحرمة عند مماته، فتلك وهللا ا وانتثرت النجوم لمصيبته وأكدت

بحكم يهتف في والمصيبة العظمى ال مثلها نازلة وال بائقة عاجلة أعلن بها كتاب هللا جل ثناؤه في أفنيتكم وفي ممساكم ومص

ٌد إ اله رَ أفنيتكم هتافا وصراخا وتالوة وألحانا ولقبله ما حل بأنبياء هللا ُسوٌل َقْد َخلَْت ورسله حكم فصل وقضاء حتم "َو ما ُمَحمه

ُسُل أَ َفإ ْن ماَت أَْو قُت َل اْنَقلَْبُتْم َعلى أَْعقاب ُكْم َو َمْن َيْنَقل ْب َعلى َعق َبْيه َفلَْن ْن َقْبل ه الرُّ َ َشْيئاً َو َسَيجْ م يَن َيُضره هللاه ر ُ الشهاك ي هللاه . ز

ذوو العدد إيها بني قيله أأهضم تراث أبي وأنتم بمرأى مني ومسمع ومنتدى ومجمع تلبسكم الدعوة وتشملكم الخبرة وأنتم“

موصوفون بالكفاح والعدة واألداة والقوة وعندكم السالح والجنة توافيكم الدعوة فال تجيبون وتأتيكم الصرخة فال تغيثون؟ أنتم

تم الكد والتعب خبة التي انتخبت والخيرة التي اختيرت لنا أهل البيت قاتلتم العرب وتحملمعروفون بالخير والصالح والن

م وخضعت وناطحتم األمم كافحتم البهم ال نبرح أو تبرحون نأمركم فتأتمرون حتى إذا دارت بنا رحى اإلسالم ودر حلب األيا

بيان واستوسق نظام الدين فأنى حزتم بعد ال ثغرة الشرك وسكنت فورة اإلفك وخمدت نيران الكفر وهدأت دعوة الهرج

راج وأسررتم بعد اإلعالن ونكصتم بعد اإلقدام وأشركتم بعد اإليمان؛بؤسا لقوم نكثوا أيمانهم من بعد عهدهم وهموا بإخ

أبعدتم و الرسول وهم بدءوكم أول مرة أ تخشونهم فاهلل أحق أن تخشوه إن كنتم مؤمنين أال وقد أرى أن قد أخلدتم إلى الخفض

م فإن تكفروا أنتم من هو أحق بالبسط والقبض وخلوتم بالدعة ونجوتم بالضيق من السعة فمججتم ما وعيتم ودسعتم الذي تسوغت

التي ومن في األرض جميعا فإن هللا لغني حميد أال وقد قلت ما قلت هذا على معرفة مني بالجذلة التي خامرتكم والغدرة

حتقبوها دبرة الظهر النفس ونفثة الغيظ وخور القناة وبثة الصدر وتقدمة الحجة فدونكموها فا استشعرتها قلوبكم ولكنها فيضة

، فبعين هللا ما نقبة الخف باقية العار موسومة بغضب الجبار وشنار األبد موصولة بنار هللا الموقدة التي تطلع على األفئدة

انتظروا إنا ذير لكم بين يدي عذاب شديد فاعملوا إنا عاملون وتفعلون وسيعلم الذين ظلموا أي منقلب ينقلبون وأنا ابنة ن

.منتظرون

Abullah son of Imam al-Hassan (ع) quotes his forefathers saying that Abu Bakr and ‘Umar

decided to prevent Fatima (ع) from her Fadak property. When she came to know about it, she

put her veil on her head, wrapped herself with her outer cloak and, accompanied by some of her

relatives and men of her folks, stepping on her gown, her gait not differing from that of the

Messenger of Allah (ص), went till she entered [the Mosque of the Prophet] where Abu Bakr was.

Abu Bakr was in the company of a crowd of the Muhajirun and Ansar and others. A curtain was

placed behind which she sat and moaned. Hearing her thus moaning, everyone present burst in

tears, so much so that the meeting place shook. She waited for a moment till the sobbing

stopped and the fervor abated. She started her speech by praising Allah and lauding Him,

sending blessings to His Messenger, whereupon people resumed their cries. When they

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stopped, she resumed her speech saying,

“Praise to Allah for that which He bestowed (us). We thank and laud Him for all that which He

inspired and offered, for the abundant boons which He initiated, the perfect grants which He

presented. Such boons are too many to compute, too vast to measure. Their limit is too distant

to grasp. He commended them (to His beings) so they would gain more by being grateful for

their continuity.

He ordained Himself praiseworthy by giving generously to His creatures. I testify that there is no

God but Allah, the One without a partner, a statement which sincere devotion is its

interpretation, the hearts guarantee its continuation, and in the minds and hearts is its

perpetuation. He is the One Who cannot be perceived with vision, nor can He be described by

tongues, nor can imagination comprehend how He is.

He originated things but not from anything that existed before them, created them without

pre-existing examples. Rather, He created them with His might and spread them according to

His will. He did so not for a need for which He created them, nor for a benefit (for Him) did He

shape them, but to establish His wisdom, bring attention to His obedience, manifest His might,

lead His creatures to humbly venerate Him and exalt His decrees. He then made the reward for

obedience to Him and punishment for disobedience so as to protect His creatures from His

Wrath and amass them into His Paradise.

“I also testify that my Father, Muhammad, is His servant and messenger whom He chose and

prior to sending him when the [souls of all] beings were still concealed in that which was

transcendental, protected from anything appalling, associated with termination and

nonexistence. Allah the Exalted One knew that which was to follow, comprehended that which

would come to pass and realized the place of every event.

Allah sent him (Muhammad) to perfect His commands, a resolution to accomplish His decree,

and an implementation of the dictates of His Mercy. So he (Muhammad) found nations differing

in their creeds, obsessed by their fires [Zoroastrians], worshipping their idols [Pagans], and

denying Allah [atheists] despite their knowledge of Him.

Therefore, Allah illuminated their darkness with my Father, Muhammad, uncovered obscurity

from their hearts, and cleared the clouds from their insights. He revealed guidance to the

people. He delivered them from being led astray, taking them away from misguidance, showing

them the right religion and inviting them to the Straight Path (as-Sirat al-Mustaqeem).

“Allah then chose to recall him mercifully, with love and preference. So, Muhammad is now in

comfort, released from the burden of this world, surrounded angels of devotion, satisfied with

the Merciful Lord and with being near the powerful King. So, peace of Allah with my Father, His

Prophet, the trusted one, the one whom He chose from among His servants, His sincere friend,

and peace and blessings of Allah with him.”

Fatima (ع) then turned to the crowd and said:

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“Surely you (people) are Allah's servants at His command and prohibition, bearers of His creed

and revelation. You are the ones whom Allah entrusted to fare with your own selves, His

messengers to the nations. Amongst you does He have the right authority, a covenant which He

brought forth to you and an legacy which He left to guard you: The eloquent Book of Allah, the

Qur’an of the truth, the brilliant light, the shining beam. Its insights are indisputable, its secrets

are revealed, its indications are manifest and those who follow it are surely blessed.

(The Qur’an) leads its adherents to righteousness. Listening (and acting upon) it leads to

salvation. Through it are the enlightening divine arguments achieved, His manifest

determination acquired, His prohibited decrees avoided, His manifest evidence recognized, His

convincing proofs made apparent, His permissions granted and His laws written.

So Allah made belief (in Islam) a purification for you from polytheism. He made prayers an

exaltation for you from conceit, Zakat purification for the soul and a (cause of) growth in

subsistence, fasting an implantation of devotion, pilgrimage a construction of the creed and

justice (Adl) the harmony of the hearts. And He made obedience to us (Ahl al-Bayt) the

management of the affairs of the nation and our leadership (Ahl al-Bayt) a safeguard from

disunity.

He made jihad (struggle) a way for strengthening Islam and patience a helping course for

deserving (divine) rewards. He made commending what is right (Amr Bil Ma’ruf) a cause for

public welfare, kindness to parents a safeguard from (His) wrath, the maintaining of close ties

with one's kin a cause for a longer life and for multiplying the number of offspring, in-kind

reprisal (qisas قصاص) to save lives, fulfillment of vows the earning of mercy, the completion of

weights and measures a cause for avoiding neglecting the rights of others, forbidding drinking

wines an exaltation from atrocity, avoiding slander a veil from curse, abandoning theft a reason

for deserving chastity.

Allah has also prohibited polytheism so that one can devote himself to His Mastership.

Therefore; Fear Allah as He should be feared, and die not except in a state of Islam; Obey Allah

in that which He has commanded you to do and that which He has forbidden, for surely those

truly fear among His servants, who have knowledge.'

“O People! Be informed that I am Fatima, and my father is Muhammad I say that repeatedly and

initiate it continually; I say not what I say mistakenly, nor do I do what I do aimlessly. Now has

come unto you an Apostle from amongst yourselves; It grieves him that you should perish;

ardently anxious is he over you; To the believers he is most kind and merciful. Thus, if you

identify and recognize him, you shall realize that he is my father and not the father of any of

your women; the brother of my cousin (Ali (ع)) rather than any of your men.

What an excellent identity he was, may the peace and blessings of Allah be upon him and his

descendants Thus, he propagated the Message, by coming out openly with the warning, and

while inclined away from the path of the polytheists, (whom he) struck their strength and seized

their throats, while he invited (all) to the way of his Lord with wisdom and beautiful preaching He

Page 23 of 51

destroyed idols, and defeated heroes, until their group fled and turned their backs. So night

revealed its dawn; righteousness uncovered its genuineness; the voice of the religious authority

spoke out loud; the evil discords were silenced.

The crown of hypocrisy was diminished; the tightening of infidelity and desertion were untied, So

you spoke the statement of devotion amongst a band of starved ones; and you were on the

edge of a hole of fire;(you were) the drink of the thirsty one; the opportunity of the desiring one;

the fire brand of him who passes in haste; the step for feet; you used to drink from the water

gathered on roads; eat jerked meat. (Lady Fatima (ع) was stating their lowly situation before

Islam) You were despised outcasts always in fear of abduction from those around you.

Yet, Allah rescued you through my father, Muhammad after much ado, and after he was

confronted by mighty men, the Arab beasts, and the demons of the people of the Book Who,

whenever they ignited the fire of war, Allah extinguished it; and whenever the thorn of the devil

appeared, or a mouth of the polytheists opened wide in defiance, he would strike its discords

with his brother (Ali, (ع)), who comes not back until he treads its wing with the sole of his feet,

and extinguishes its flames with his sword.

(Ali is) diligent in Allah's affair, near to the Messenger of Allah, A master among Allah's

worshippers, setting to work briskly, sincere in his advice, earnest and exerting himself (in

service to Islam); While you were calm, gay, and feeling safe in your comfortable lives, waiting

for us to meet disasters, awaiting the spread of news, you fell back during every battle, and took

to your heels at times of fighting.

Yet, When Allah chose His Prophet from the dwell of His prophets, and the abode of His sincere

(servants); The thorns of hypocrisy appeared on you, the garment of faith became worn out,

The misguided ignorant(s) spoke out, the sluggish ignorant came to the front and brayed. The

he camel of the vain wiggled his tail in your courtyards and the your courtyards and the Devil

stuck his head from its place of hiding and called upon you, he found you responsive to his

invitation, and observing his deceits.

He then aroused you and found you quick (to answer him), and invited you to wrath, therefore;

you branded other than your camels and proceeded to other than your drinking places. Then

while the era of the Prophet was still near, the gash was still wide, the scar had not yet healed,

and the Messenger was not yet buried. A (quick) undertaking as you claimed, aimed at

preventing discord (trial), Surely, they have fallen into trial already! And indeed Hell surrounds

the unbelievers.

How preposterous! What an idea! What a falsehood! For Allah's Book is still amongst you, its

affairs are apparent; its rules are manifest; its signs are dazzling; its restrictions are visible, and

its commands are evident. Yet, indeed you have cast it behind your backs! What! Do you detest

it? Or according to something else you wish to rule?

Evil would be the exchange for the wrongdoers! And if anyone desires a religion other than

Islam (submission to Allah), it never will it be accepted from him; And in the hereafter, he will be

in the ranks of those who have lost. Surely you have not waited until its stampede seized, and it

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became obedient. You then started arousing its flames, instigating its coal, complying with the

call of the misled devil, quenching the light of the manifest religion, and extinguished the light of

the sincere Prophet.

You concealed sips on froth and proceeded towards his (the Prophet) kin and children in

swamps and forests (meaning you plot against them in deceitful ways), but we are patient with

you as if we are being notched with knives and stung by spearheads in our abdomens, Yet-now

you claim that there is not inheritance for us! What! "Do they then seek after a judgment of (the

Days of) ignorance? But How, for a people whose faith is assured, can give better judgment

than Allah? Don't you know? Yes, indeed it is obvious to you that I am his daughter. O Muslims!

Will my inheritance be usurped?

O son of Abu Quhafa! Where is it in the Book of Allah that you inherit your father and I do not

inherit mine? Surely you have come up with an unprecedented thing. Do you intentionally

abandon the Book of Allah and cast it behind your back? Do you not read where it says: And

Solomon (Sulayman) inherited David (Dawood)'? And when it narrates the story of Zacharias

and says: `So give me an heir as from thyself (One that) will inherit me, and inherit the posterity

of Jacob (Yaqoob)'

And: `But kindred by hood have prior rights against each other in the Book of Allah' And: Allah

(thus) directs you as regards your children's (inheritance) to the male, a portion equal to that of

two females' And, If he leaves any goods, that he make a bequest to parents and next of kin,

according to reasonable usage; this is due from the pious ones.'

You claim that I have no share! And that I do not inherit my father! What! Did Allah reveal a

(Qur’anic) verse regarding you, from which He excluded my father? Or do you say: `These

(Fatima and her father) are the people of two faiths, they do not inherit each other?!' Are we not,

me and my father, a people adhering to one faith? Or is it that you have more knowledge about

the specifications and generalizations of the Qur’an than my father and my cousin (Imam Ali)?

So, here you are! Take it! (Ready with) its nose rope and saddled! But if shall encounter you on

the Day of Gathering; (thus) what a wonderful judge is Allah, a claimant is Muhammad, and a

day is the Day of Rising. At the time of the Hour shall the wrongdoers lose; and it shall not

benefit you to regret (your actions) then! For every Message, there is a time limit; and soon shall

ye know who will be inflicted with torture that will humiliate him, and who will be confronted by

an everlasting punishment. (Fatima then turned towards the Ansar and said:) O you people of

intellect! The strong supporters of the nation! And those who embraced Islam; What is this

shortcoming in defending my right? And what is this slumber (while you see) injustice (being

done toward me)? Did not the Messenger of Allah, my father, used to say: A man is upheld

(remembered) by his children'? O how quick have you violated (his orders)?!

How soon have you plotted against us? But you still are capable (of helping me in) my attempt,

and powerful (to help me) in that which I request and (in) my pursuit (of it). Or do you say:

"Muhammad has perished;" Surely this is a great calamity; Its damage is excessive its injury is

great, Its wound (is much too deep) to heal.

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The Earth became darkened with his departure; the stars eclipsed for his calamity; hopes were

seized; mountains submitted; sanctity was violated, and holiness was encroached upon after his

death. Therefore, this, by Allah, is the great affliction, and the grand calamity; there is not an

affliction-which is the like of it; nor will there be a sudden misfortune (as surprising as this).

The Book of Allah-excellent in praising him-announced in the courtyards (of your houses) in the

place where you spend your evenings and mornings; A call, A cry, A recitation, and (verses) in

order. It had previously came upon His (Allah's) Prophets and Messengers; (for it is) A decree

final, and a predestination fulfilled: "Muhammad is not but an Apostle: Many were the apostles

that passed away before him. If he died or was slain, will ye then turn back on your heels? If any

did turn back on his heels, not the least harm will he do to Allah; but Allah (on the other hand)

will swiftly reward those who (serve Him) with gratitude."

O you people of reflection; will I be usurped the inheritance of my father while you hear and see

me?! (And while) You are sitting and gathered around me? You hear my call, and are included

in the (news of the) affair? (But) You are numerous and well equipped! (You have) the means

and the power, and the weapons and the shields.

Yet, the call reaches you but you do not answer; the cry comes to you but you do not come to

help? (This) While you are characterized by struggle, known for goodness and welfare, the

selected group (which was chosen), and the best ones chosen by the Messenger for us, Ahlul-

Bayt. You fought the Arabs, bore with pain and exhaustion, struggled against the nations, and

resisted their heroes. We were still, so were you in ordering you, and you in obeying us.

So that Islam became triumphant, the accomplishment of the days came near, the fort of

polytheism was subjected, the outburst of was subjected, the outburst of infidelity calmed down,

and the system of religion was well-ordered. Thus, (why have you) become confused after

clearness? Conceal matters after announcing them? Do you thus turn on your heels after

daring, associating (others with Allah) after believing? Will you not fight people who violated

their oaths? Plotted to expel the Apostle and became aggressive by being the first (to assault)

you? Do ye fear them? Nay, it is Allah Whom you should more justly fear, if you believe!

Now I see that you are inclined to easy living; having dismissed one who is more worthy of

guardianship [referring to Ali (ع)]. You secluded yourselves with meekness and dismissed that

which you accepted. Yet, if you show ingratitude, ye and all on earth together, yet, Allah free of

all wants, worthy of all praise.

Surely I have said all that I have said with full knowledge that you intent to forsake me, and

knowing the betrayal that your hearts sensed. But it is the state of soul, the effusion of fury, the

dissemination of (what is) the chest and the presentation of the proof.

Hence, Here it is! Bag it (leadership and) put it on the back of an ill she camel, which has a thin

hump with everlasting grace, marked with the wrath of Allah, and the blame of ever (which leads

to) the Fire of (the wrath of Allah kindled (to a blaze), that which doth mount (right) to the hearts;

For, Allah witnesses what you do, and soon will the unjust assailants know what vicissitudes

their affairs will take! And I am the daughter of a warner (the Prophet) to you against a severe

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punishment. So, act and so will we, and wait, and we shall wait.'”

رين عذابا أليما فأجابها أبو بكر وقال : يا بنت رسول هللا لقد كان أبوك بالمؤمنين عطوفا كريما رءوفا رحيما وعلى الكاف

ال نساء وأخا إلفك دون األخالء آثره على كل حميم وساعده في كل أمر جسيموعقابا عظيما إن عزوناه وجدناه أباك دون ال

أدلتنا وإلى الجنة يحبكم إال سعيد وال يبغضكم إال شقي بعيد فأنتم عترة رسول هللا الطيبون الخيرة المنتجبون على الخير

وال مصدودة ر عقلك غير مردودة عن حقكمسالكنا. وأنت يا خيرة النساء وابنة خير األنبياء صادقة في قولك سابقة في وفو

ي سمعت عن صدقك وهللا ما عدوت رأي رسول هللا وال عملت إال بإذنه والرائد ال يكذب أهله وإني أشهد هللا وكفى به شهيدا أن

مة كرسول هللا ) ص ( يقول نحن معاشر األنبياء ال نورث ذهبا و ال فضة و ال دارا و ال عقارا و إنما نورث الكتاب والح

الح يقاتل بها والعلم والنبوة وما كان لنا من طعمة فلولي األمر بعدنا أن يحكم فيه بحكمه وقد جعلنا ما حاولته في الكراع والس

.المسلمون ويجاهدون

أثره ان يتبعفقالت عليها السالم ، سبحان هللا ما كان أبي رسول هللا ) ص ( عن كتاب هللا صادفا وال ألحكامه مخالفا بل ك

ه هذا كتاب هللا ويقفو سوره؛ أفتجمعون إلى الغدر اعتالال عليه بالزور وهذا بعد وفاته شبيه بما بغي له من الغوائل في حيات

َث ُسلَْيماُن داُوَد وبين عز وجل فيما وزع م ْن آل َيْعقُوَب و يقول َو َور ُث م ُثن ي َو َير ن حكما عدال وناطقا فصال يقول َير

هات في شرع من الفرائض والميراث وأباح من حظ الذكران واإلناث ما أزاح به علة المبطلين وأزال التظني والشباألقساط و

هللا ورسوله الغابرين كال بل سولت لكم أنفسكم أمرا فصبر جميل وهللا المستعان على ما تصفون . فقال أبو بكر: صدق

الدين وعين الحجة ال أبعد صوابك وال أنكر خطابك هؤالء وصدقت ابنته معدن الحكمة وموطن الهدى والرحمة وركن

ذلك شهودالمسلمون بيني وبينك قلدوني ما تقلدت وباتفاق منهم أخذت ما أخذت غير مكابر وال مستبد وال مستأثر وهم ب .

:فالتفتت فاطمة عليها السالم إلى الناس و قالت

ى قلوب أقفالها ضية على الفعل القبيح الخاسر أفال تتدبرون القرآن أم علمعاشر المسلمين المسرعة إلى قيل الباطل المغ

ا منه كال بل ران على قلوبكم ما أسأتم من أعمالكم فأخذ بسمعكم وأبصاركم ولبئس ما تأولتم وساء ما به أشرتم وشر م

ا لم تكونوا وبدا لكم من ربكم م اغتصبتم لتجدن وهللا محمله ثقيال وغبه وبيال إذا كشف لكم الغطاء وبان بإورائه الضراء

.تحتسبون و خسر هنا لك المبطلون

Abu Bakr responded to her by saying, “O daughter of the Messenger of Allah! Your father was

always affectionate with the believers, generous, kind and merciful, and towards the unbelievers

was a painful torment and a great punishment. Surely the Prophet is your father, not anyone

else's, the brother of your husband, not any other man's; he surely preferred him over all his

friends and (Ali) supported him in every important matter, no one loves you save the lucky and

no one hates you save the wretched.

You are the blessed progeny of Allah's Messenger, the chosen ones, our guides to goodness

our path to Paradise, and you-the best of women-and the daughter of the best of prophets,

truthful is your sayings, excelling in reason. You shall not be driven back from your right... But I

surely heard your father saying: `We the, group of prophets do not inherit, nor are we inherited

Yet, this is my situation and property, it is yours (if you wish); it shall not be concealed from you,

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nor will it be stored away from you.

You are the Mistress of your father's nation, and the blessed tree of your descendants. Your

property shall not be usurped against your will nor can your name be defamed. Your judgment

shall be executed in all that which I possess. This, do you think that I violate your father's (will)?"

Fatima then refuted Abu Bakr's claim that the Prophet had stated that prophets cannot be

inherited, and said: "Glory be to Allah!! Surely Allah's Messenger did not abandon Allah's Book

nor did he violate His commands. Rather, he followed its decrees and adhered to its chapters.

So do you unite with treachery justifying your acts with fabrications?

Indeed this—after his departure—is similar to the disasters which were plotted against him

during his lifetime. But behold! This is Allah's Book, a just judge and a decisive speaker, saying:

`One that will (truly) inherit Me, and inherit the posterity of Yaqub,' (19:6) and 'And Sulaiman

(Solomon) inherited Dawood (David).' (27: 16) Thus, He (Glory be to Him) made clear that

which He made share of all heirs, decreed from the amounts of inheritance, allowed for males

and females, and eradicated all doubts and ambiguities (pertaining to this issue which existed

with the) bygones.

Nay! But your minds have made up a tale (that may pass) with you, but (for me) patience is

most fitting against that which ye assert; it is Allah (alone) whose help can be sought." It is

apparent that Abu Bakr chanced the mode with which he addressed Lady Fatima (ع) after

delivering her speech. Listen to his following speech; which is his reply to Fatima's just reported

speech.

Abu Bakr said: "Surely Allah and His Apostle are truthful, and so has his (the Prophet's)

daughter told the truth. Surely you are the source of wisdom, the element of faith, and the sole

authority. May Allah not refute your righteous argument, nor invalidate your decisive speech.

But these are the Muslims between us-who have entrusted me with leadership, and it was

according to their satisfaction that 1 received what 1 have. I am not being ar