Farzaneh Aminpour, PhD.

aminpour@behdasht.gov.ir

Ministry of Health and Medical Education

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Workshop Objectives

Citation: What & Where

Referencing Styles

Reference Management Tools

Mendeley Software

Adding documents

Organizing documents

Read, highlight & annotate

Find & import new content

Writing & Citing

Advanced Tips & Settings 2

Citation: What & Where

A "citation" is the way you tell your readers that certainmaterial in your work came from another source.

1. In Text Citation

2. Reference List

3. Footnote

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What are references?

• References are lists of the papers, books and otherpublished and unpublished materials which the authorhas read in order to support the present piece of work.

•You may hear them called a "reference list", a "list ofcited references" or a "bibliography".

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Reference list vs Bibliography

A reference list includes every source (book, chapter orarticle) that you have cited in your work.

A bibliography contains all the above plus yourbackground reading, where some sources have not beencited.

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Why referencing?

Established academic practice

Shows where you got your information

Acknowledges other researchers` works

Allows other researchers to trace your sources of

information quickly and easily

Protects you against plagiarism

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Two Main Referencing Styles

1. Author-Date Style(Harvard)

2. Numeric Style(Vancouver)

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Author-Date:In Text CitationCite your sources within your text by inserting theauthor’s surname(s), year of publication.

• Referring to one or more authors in the text:- One author: Carrier (1983) or (Carrier, 1983)- Two authors: Carrier and Noiseux (1983) or (Carrier and Noiseux,

1983)- Three or more: Carrier et al. (1998) or (Carrier et al., 1998)

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Author-Date Reference ListList your sources in your reference list according to theauthor’s surname (alphabetically).

• Referring to multiple references by the same author- If there is more than one reference in your essay by the same

author then these should be listed chronologically in thebibliography or reference list, eg:Carrier (1966)Carrier (1970)

- All references are listed in author/date order.

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Journal article

AUTHOR’S SURNAME, INITIALS., Year. Title of article.Title of journal, Volume number (part), page numbers.

OZERTURK, S. and SAGGI, K., 2005. Tariff discriminationversus MFN under incomplete information. Journal ofinternational trade & economic development, 14(2), 197-208.

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E-journal article

AUTHOR’S SURNAME, INITIALS., Year. Title. Journal title[online], volume (issue). Available from: URL [Accessed date].

REED, E.J. and WOLNIAK, G.C., 2005. Diagnosis ordetermination?: assessment explained through humancapital theory and the concept of aptitudes. Electronicjournal of sociology [online]. Available from:http://www.sociology.org/content/2005/tier1/reed_wolniak.pdf [Accessed 6/12/2005].

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Book / Report

AUTHOR, Year. Title. Place of publication: Publisher,(Report number).

DEPARTMENT FOR HEALTH. SOCIAL SERVICESINSPECTORATE, 1994. Services to disabled children andtheir families: report of the national inspection of servicesto disabled children and their families. London: HMSO.

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A paper or chapter in a book

1. Author(s) of the paper/chapter, surname(s) and initials

2. Year of publication

3. Title of the paper or chapter

4. Title of the book, prefaced with the word "In":

5. Editor(s) of the book

6. Volume number, part number, where applicable

7. Place of publication

8. Name of publisher

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Author-Date Reference ListExample

• HOLLAND, M., 2002. Guide to citing Internet sources [online].Poole: Bournemouth University. Available from:http://www.bournemouth.ac.uk/library/using/guide_to_citing_internet_sourc.html [Accessed 4 November 2002].

• OXFORD ENGLISH DICTIONARY, 1989. 2nd ed. Oxford:Clarendon Press.

• UNESCO, 1993. General information programme and UNISIST.Paris: UNESCO, (PGI-93/WS/22).

• WISEMAN, S., ed., 1967. Intelligence and ability. Harmondsworth:Penguin.

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NumericIn Text CitationsEach citation in the text is given a number in brackets:

Example:• Barrett (1) and Orwoll (2) take the view that… but other

authorities (3) argue that…

References are listed in number order and cited by thatsame number each time they are referred to in the text.

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Numeric Reference List1. Barrett E. The economic and human costs of osteoporotic

fracture. Am J Med 1995;98:Suppl 2A:3S-8S.

2. Orwoll ES. Osteoporosis in men. Endocr Rev 1995;16:87-116.

3. Cooper C, Campion G, Melton LJ III. Hip fractures in the elderly: aworld-wide projection. Osteoporos Int 1992;2:285-9.

4. O'Neill TW, Felsenberg D, Varlow J, Cooper C, Kanis JA, Silman AJ.The prevalence of vertebral deformity in European men andwomen: the European Vertebral Osteoporosis Study. J BoneMiner Res 1996;11:1010-18.

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ICMJE http://www.icmje.org

International Committee of Medical Journal Editors offersguidance to authors in its publication Recommendationsfor the Conduct, Reporting, Editing and Publication ofScholarly Work in Medical Journals (ICMJERecommendations), which was formerly the “UniformRequirements for Manuscripts Submitted to BiomedicalJournals”. The recommended style for references is basedon the National Information Standards Organization(NISO) called Vancouver Style.

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™

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Reference Management Tools

• Download and store references

• Include abstracts, keywords and notes with thereferences & also full texts.

• Produce lists of references for yourself or others

• Automatically insert citations of references while typing(Cite WhileYou Write)

• Create a bibliography while typing (Cite WhileYou Write)

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Free, open source RM Software

Most of the open source alternatives listed below arecitation generators, which means they don’t store thecitations for you, but they do automatically format themin a particular citation style after you’ve entered all therelevant information (author, title, etc.).

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Free, open source RM SoftwareExample•KnightCite Citation Creation Tool - this site generates

citations in APA, MLA, and Chicago citation styles

•EasyBib - this site generates citations in MLA and APAformats

•NoodleBib (requires free registration) - this site generatescitations for APA and MLA citation styles

•Tech4Learning's Citation Maker (requires free registration) -choose "Tools," then "Citation Maker" to generate citationsfor MLA and APA

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Free, open source RM SoftwareExample•Scribe – this markup language is an ancestor of HTML and

LaTeX (a citation system used by mathematicians,engineers, and scientists)

•LaTeX - this document preparation system is for technicaland scientific work

•BibTeX - an off-shoot of LaTeX, this markup language issupported by Google Scholar

•Zotero - as an extension of Firefox, this program allows youto import citations from web pages into a personal filingsystem (Firefox 2.0 is required)

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Which program is the right one for you?

• Reference management programs help you to write academic publications and to cite and manage references and to create bibliographies.

• But which is the right one for you?

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Referencing Software: EndNote Or Mendeley?

• There are few different software options available to help health writers create a bibliographic database to manage references.

• Choice usually depends on personal preference, cost, functionality and effectiveness.

• Based on the group discussions, most health writers are divided between Mendeley and EndNote.

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EndNote: Pros

• EndNote software allows you to import references from a searchengine database (e.g. PubMed) to create a library of reference files.

• You can link this library to your work, allowing you to selectreferences to cite as you write.

• There are a huge variety of citation styles that you can use foressentially every journal.

• Once downloaded, it can be linked easily to your word processingdocument.

• You can create multiple libraries at once, for each individual writingproject you’re working on.

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EndNote: Cons

• EndNote software can be expensive unless you have access through youracademic institution. There is a web-based software availablecalled EndNote Basic, which offers a free option with reducedfunctionality.

• It can take a while to get used to the software and you may need to investtime into training.

• Some operating systems may not compatible to EndNote.

• If you’re writing for a client you need to unlink the EndNote fields in yourword processing document before submitting. This helps make sure thetext is formatted to appear as ‘plain text’.

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Mendeley: Pros

• Mendeley is compatible with many operating systems including Mac or Windows.

• It appears to be the more popular based on cost and ease of transferring PDF filesinto the reference manager.

• The basic package is free with 2 GB of storage.

• With access to an institution or a paid subscription, you can obtain extra storage.

• It is easy to use with thousands of citation styles.

• You can use the software to search for articles.

• You can sync the libraries across devices (such as an iPad or iPhone) allowing youto work remotely.

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Mendeley: Cons

•Only Open Access full-text articles are accessible from aliterature search performed in Mendeley. Alternately,you can perform a search in other external databasesand save the full-text PDF files to import into Mendeley.

•There is limited free storage space (2 GB).

• It cannot work offline.

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EndNote vs Mendeley

•EndNote is reliable software to use for a large library offiles if you have access through an institution. It canotherwise be quite costly to purchase. EndNote can alsotake time to learn how to navigate the user interfaceand you may need to consider some training.

•Mendeley is a cost-effective option for health writers,with a user-friendly interface. If you’re unsure how touse referencing software, it may a good tool to try outfirst before making a decision.

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Conclusion

•Choosing a referencing manager can be a great time-saving solution to store your references accurately, but itmay not always be the best tool to use for every writingproject.

•Some clients prefer that you don’t link your references toa database that you create, as it can create problemsfrom their end to read the text.

• It’s always best to check first before creating an externallylinked bibliography to your word processing document.

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Key Terms

• Mendeley is a free reference manager and an academic social network.

• Mendeley Desktop: Mendeley Desktop is the downloaded part of thesoftware installed onto your computer.

• Mendeley Web: This is the Mendeley website where you can access theweb version of your library, edit your profile and search for papers,groups or people.

• Sync: The process of synchronizing your Mendeley data across devices.

• Web Importer: The browser bookmarklet that lets you quickly importdocuments from anywhere on the web.

• Citation Plugin: A plugin you can install that allows you to create andformat your citations and bibliography according to your chosen style.

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Download Mendeley Desktop

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Choose the version for your operating system

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Synchronize

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1. Documents menu

Use document menu to add new entries to yourMendeley library.

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2. Folders menu

•Use the ‘Add folder’ button to create a new folder toorganize your Mendeley library. This will create a folderwithin whatever you’re currently viewing - if used on AllDocuments, it will create a new top-level folder. If usedon an existing folder, it will create a nested folder withthe current folder as the parent.

•Use the ‘Remove folder’ button to remove the folder youare currently viewing. Note that this will not affect anydocuments within the folder.

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3. Sync

•Use this button to force Mendeley to perform a sync.This will push any changes you’ve made to your libraryup to the cloud for storage, making them available onother devices and computers.

•You should sync frequently in order to ensure that yourmost recent changes are saved to the cloud.

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4. Search

• Use this field to search your Mendeley library.

• Note that Mendeley Desktop’s search function is context-specific –performing a search while viewing a particular folder will onlysearch within that folder. Make sure ‘All documents’ is selected ifyou want to search your entire library.

• Click into the search field to set it as active. Additional searchmodifiers can also be selected using the dropdown menu thatappears next to the magnifying glass while the field is active.

• Note that Mendeley Desktop search function will also returnresults within the text of PDF documents within your library, inaddition to the contents of the document’s details.

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5. Discovery

•Mendeley allows you to discover new references in anumber of different ways.

•From within Mendeley Desktop, you can use ‘LiteratureSearch’ to search within Mendeley’s crowd-sourcedcatalog.

•Alternatively, you can use ‘Mendeley Suggest’ to receivebespoke recommendations based on your area of studyand the contents of your library.

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6. My Library

•View the entire contents of your personal library byselecting ‘All Documents’.

•Mendeley also offers a number of ways to filter yourlibrary.

•Any folders you create will also be listed under the ‘MyLibrary’ section.

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7. Groups

•Any groups you join or create will be listed under thisheading.

•The icon that appears next to the group’s name indicatesthe group type.

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8. Main panel

•When in browsing mode, the main panel of MendeleyDesktop will display the contents of the selected view.

•You can use the column headings to quickly reorder thecontents.

•Double click an entry with a PDF attached (indicated byan icon) to open it in the PDF reader (see below).

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9. Details panel

•The right-most panel of Mendeley Desktop contains thedetails of whichever library entry you currently haveselected.

•This will show the relevant detail fields for the documenttype, along with their contents.

•You can use this panel to modify an entry’s details.

•The ‘Notes’ tab that appears at the top will allow you toview any notes you’ve created for the entry.

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10. Filter panel

•The filter panel offers several different options to allowyou to quickly filter your current view.

•Note that, like search, the filtering is context specific -the panel will only display filtering options relevant toyour current view. For example, when viewing aparticular folder, only the authors of entries within thatfolder will appear as options for filtering.

•To filter your entire library, ensure that the ‘AllDocuments’ view is selected.

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