family planning leture

8/10/2019 family planning leture

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RememberThe total risks of birth

control are much lessthan the total risks of a

pregnancy!!


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Types of Birth Control

Hormonal

Barrier

IUD

Methods based on

information

Permanent sterilization


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Birth Control Pills

Pills can be taken to prevent pregnancy

Pills are safe and effective when taken

properly Pills are over 99% effective

Women must have a pap smear to get a

prescription for birth control pills


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How does the pill work?

Stops ovulation

Thins uterine lining

Thickens cervical mucus


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Positive Benefits of Birth Control Pills

Prevents

pregnancy

Eases menstrual

crampsShortens period

Regulates period

Decreasesincidence ofovarian cysts

Prevents ovarianand uterinecancer

Decreases acne


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Taking the Pill

Once a day at the same time everyday

Use condoms for first month

Use condoms when on antibiotics Use condoms for 1 week if you miss a pill

or take one late

The pill offers no protection from STDs


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Depo-Provera

Birth control shot given once every three

months to prevent pregnancy

99.7% effective preventing pregnancy

No daily pills to remember


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How does the shot work?

Stops ovulation

Stops menstrual cycles!! Thickens cervical mucus


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SIDE EFFECTS

Extremely irregular menstrual bleedingand spotting for 3-6 months!

NO PERIOD after 3-6 months Weight change

Breast tenderness

Mood change

*NOT EVERY WOMAN HAS SIDE-EFFECTS!


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IMPLANTS

Implants are placed in the body filled withhormone that prevents pregnancy

Physically inserted in simple 15 minute

outpatient procedure Plastic capsules the size of paper

matchsticks inserted under the skin in thearm

99.95% effectiveness rate


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Norplant I vs. Norplant II

Six capsules

Five years

Two capsules

Three years


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Norplant Implant


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Norplant Considerations

Should be considered long term

birth control

Requires no upkeep Extremely effective in pregnancy

prevention > 99%


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Emergency contraception

pills can reduce the chanceof a pregnancy by 75% if

taken within 72 hours of

unprotected sex!

Emergency Contraception


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Emergency Contraception (ECP)

Must be taken within 72 hours of the actof unprotected intercourse or failure of

contraception method Must receive ECP from a physician

7584% effective in reducing pregnancy

California pharmacies can prescribewithout a doctor! (1/1/02)


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ECP

Floods the ovaries with high amount of

hormone and prevents ovulation

Alters the environment of the uterus,

making it disruptive to the egg and sperm

Two sets of pills taken exactly 12 hours

apart


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BARRIER METHODS

Spermicides

Male Condom

Female Condom Diaphragm

Cervical Cap


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SPERMICIDES

Chemicals kill sperm in the vagina

Different forms:

-Jelly -Film

-Foam -Suppository Some work instantly, others require pre-

insertion

Only 76% effective (used alone), should beused in combination with another methodi.e., condoms


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MALE CONDOM

Most common and effective barriermethod when used properly

Latex and Polyurethane should only beused in the prevention of pregnancy andspread of STIs (including HIV)


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MALE CONDOM

Perfect effectiveness rate = 97%

Typical effectiveness rate = 88%

Latex and polyurethane condoms areavailable

Combining condoms withspermicides raises effectiveness

levels to 99%


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DIAPRAGHM

Perfect Effectiveness Rate = 94%

Typical Effectiveness Rate = 80%

Latex barrier placed inside vagina during

intercourse Fitted by physician

Spermicidal jelly before insertion

Inserted up to 18 hours before intercourseand can be left in for a total of 24 hours


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CERVICAL CAP

Latex barrier inserted in vagina beforeintercourse

Caps around cervix with suction

Fill with spermicidal jelly prior to use Can be left in body for up to a total of 48

hours

Must be left in place six hours after sexualintercourse

Perfect effectiveness rate = 91%

Typical effectiveness rate = 80%


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INTRAUTERINE DEVICES

(IUD) T-shaped object placed in the uterus to

prevent pregnancy

Must be on period during insertion

A Natural childbirth required to useIUD

Extremely effective without usinghormones > 97 %

Must be in monogamous relationship


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TUBAL LIGATION

Surgical procedure performed on awoman

Fallopian tubes are cut, tied, cauterized,

prevents eggs from reaching sperm Failure rates vary by procedure, from

0.8%-3.7%

May experience heavier periods


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LAPAROSCOPY-BAND-AID

STERILIZATION


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VASECTOMY

Male sterilization procedure

Ligation of Vas Deferens tube

No-scalpel technique available Faster and easier recovery than a

tubal ligation

Failure rate = 0.1%, more effectivethan female sterilization


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VASECTOMY


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WITHDRAWAL

Removal of penis from the vagina beforeejaculation occurs

NOT a sufficient method of birth control by

itself Effectiveness rate is 80% (very unpredictable

in teens, wide variation)

1 of 5 women practicing withdrawal become

pregnant Very difficult for a male to control

N t l F il Pl i & F tilit


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Natural Family Planning & Fertility

Awareness Method

Women take a class on the menstrual cycle tocalculate m o r ef e r t i l e times

Requires special equipment and cannot be

self-taught NFP abstains from sex during the calculated

fertile time

FAM uses barrier methods during fertile time

Perfect effectiveness rate = 91% Typical effectiveness rate = 75%

No 100% safe day-irregular periods


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Abstinence

Only 100% method of birth control

Abstinence is when partners do not

engage in sexual intercourse Communication between partners is

important for those practicing

abstinence to be successful


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Calendar-Based Methods

IMPORTANT: A woman can use the

Standard Days Method if most of her

menstrual cycles are 26 to 32 days

long. If she has more than 2 longer or

shorter cycles within a year, the

Standard Days Method will be less

effective and she may want tochoose another method.


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family planning leture