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Hi Members,
March 2012
N e w s l e t t e r o f B i r d L i f e B o t s w a n a
Familiar Chat
Its great to have Kabelo back per-
manently from the UK and we
wish him great success in taking
BLB to ever greater heights.
Harold has retired, again, if we
can believe that! His contribution
to birds in Botswana is incalcula-
ble - Harold, from all the Mem-
bers of BirdLife Botswana, a huge
and heartfelt thank you for your
outstanding dedication and ser-
vice to the organization. Don‘t
ever go away!!
It has been a long hot summer
and with scarce rains in the south
-east, migrants are already show-
ing signs of pre-migratory rest-
lessness. On our way to the re-
cent camp in the Limpopo area,
see page 9, large numbers of
Barn Swallows, Carmine and
European Bee-eaters as well as
Purple and Lilac-breasted Rollers
were gathered, avidly feeding on
the insects near the road. Despite
all the hardships and pressures on
migrants they go to warmer
climes with hopefully more food
and less competition. We will
Flickr: Birds of Botswana
We encourage anyone inter-
ested in photography to
register and submit photo-
graphs of birds in Botswana
to our Flickr site.
It is an excellent way for us
to build a library of photo-
graphs and for Members to
display their talents.
Please go to the site and
look at some of these out-
standing bird images.
Access via
www.birdlifebotswana.org.bw
and click on ‗Flickr‘
BLB Shop Don‘t forget to
visit our shop inside Creations of
Africa, near Kgale Spar, to do
your gift shopping. There are
always new products and a range
of good quality men‘s and
women‘s shirts. If anyone would
like a wheel-cover, please con-
tact Harold or Mike Goldswor-
In This Issue
World Wetlands Day 2
A Breeding Account of Lilac- 3 breasted Rollers
Dabchicks in Mokoldi 5
Staff Vacancy 6
A Rare Bird 7
You Never Know What... 8
Gaborone Branch Camp 9
Kids for Birds 10
Branch Events 12
BLB Committee 13
Membership Form 14
IF ANYONE CAN
CANON CAN
A Purple Roller engaged in pre-migratory
hyperphagia (energetic eating)
miss them and hope that they re-
turn safely in Spring.
To all those who did transects in February, thank you! We hope that you enjoyed doing it. Sometimes it isn‘t easy to find the time but it is for the benefit of birds and much
appreciated. Results soon.
There are two excellent accounts of birds breeding in Members‘ gar-dens - don‘t miss Mike Soroczynski‘s Lilac-breasted Rollers on page 3 and Mary Lane-Jones‘ delightful
Little Grebes on page 5.
Eugenie Skelton — editor
Page 2
World Wetlands Day 2012:
BLB educates future leaders for wetlands conservation
World Wetlands Day (WWD) has been commemorated on 2 February every year since 1997. This year,
BirdLife Botswana (BLB) celebrated the day with 23 primary school children and teachers from
Diphetogo Primary School and Mogoditshane Primary School, in Gaborone Game Reserve (GGR). BLB
took this opportunity to raise awareness and understanding of school children about wetlands and
water birds, through bird watching.
The visit started with a briefing on the origin of WWD and the objectives of the event. BLB birding
specialists took children to the waterholes to watch various aquatic birds. The biodiversity at the
waterhole amazed children who had actually never visited GGR before. With their eyes shining,
they were so excited to see and listen to the calls of approximately 50 bird species including
Egyptian Goose Sehudi, Hamerkop Mmamasiolanoka, Hadeda Ibis Tshababarwa and African Sacred
Ibis Kokolohutwe.
WWD originated from the signing of the Convention on
Wetlands, called the Ramsar Convention, on 2 February
1972, in the Iranian city of Ramsar. The Ramsar Con-
vention (The Convention on Wetlands of International
Importance, especially as Waterfowl Habitat) is one of
the United Nations Multilateral Environmental Agree-
ments/Conventions for the conservation and sustain-
able utilization of wetlands. Currently there are 161
contracting parties, one of which is Botswana.
After the tour, children enjoyed their picnic at the
recreational area. GGR is a most convenient destina-
tion which provides abundant wildlife (especially water
and bush birds), and plant resources for environmental
education.
For information on the Ramsar Convention on
Wetlands, visit www.ramsar.org
Harold Hester enthrals the children with his lively stories and birding ‘scope’
Yukiko delivers her address
By Yukiko Maki-Murakami Environmental Education Coordinator
The picnic in the nature reserve was, of course, a happy and relaxing occasion
Page 3
A breeding account of a pair of Lilac-breasted Rollers
in a Francistown garden, August - December 2011
A nest-log, formed from a natural log, had been used for many years in different places where I have resided. Pre-vious occupants have been African Hoopoes Upupa epops and Cape Glossy Starlings Lamprotornis nitens, both spe-cies having bred successfully in Jwaneng, Harare and Francistown. This particular log is one metre long and on average 35cm in diameter. A 5cm entrance hole was cut using a small saw and according to a known Lilac-
breasted Roller's natural nest-hole diameter.
The log was fixed to a stout acacia tree branch in the front garden of my house at a height of 1.6m above ground
level. The hole faced west and leaned forward at about 10o from the vertical – the hole pointing to the ground.
In early August 2011 a swarm of bees took over in the log but were smoked out before any combs could be made. However, the swarm persisted and had to be smoked out for a second time. The bees then massed in the tree sup-porting the log and hung like a large rugby ball for several days before dispersing. I pushed some dry vegetation
into the nest-log to create a soft pad for any potential nesting bird.
Later that same day, they moved into a square-section metal cross-beam on a power pole supporting the same wires on which the initial (assumed) mating took place. There was much of their well-known raucous calling as
Cape Glossy Starlings had also been looking at this potential nest-site.
*This was the first time I had seen a metal, horizontal pipe being used by rollers. Since then, however, in his lat-est book Nests and Eggs of Southern African Birds, Warwick Tarboton states that these pipes are also favoured by
rollers. I was quite concerned how the birds would cope due to the heat conducted from the sun by the steel pipe.
On 19 October the rollers were back in the garden amid much calling and fighting off Crested Barbets Trachy-
phonus vaillantii.
On 23 October the pair copulated again, this time in the nest-log tree. During the rest of the afternoon, the male
would bring various insects, mainly large grass-hoppers, to the log for the female.
On the morning of 24 October the female appeared at the entrance hole. It is not known whether or not she over-
nighted inside the nest-log. During much of that day, the pair was in and out of the log calling loudly.
On 26 October municipal workers were burning off dry grasses and scrub by the road-side just outside the bound-
ary wall of my house. The fires attracted Fork-tailed Drongos Dicrurus adsimilis as well as the rollers.
On 29 October the male brought a large locust or grass-hopper to the female and mounted her on the branch at
the nest site.
By Mike Soroczynski
On 28 August two Lilac-breasted Rollers Coracias caudata arrived at the log with the male inspecting the interior by clinging to the edge of the entrance hole and peering up and down inside. Being so dark inside, one wonders what the bird
could have been looking for or what it had seen!
The female perched on a specially-erected branch attached near the entrance hole and waited for the male to complete his inspection. The two birds then flew off but returned later in the day to chase off two African Hoopoes which also
seemed interested in the log.
There was much to-ing and fro-ing by the rollers until, on 14 October, the birds were seen mating on a nearby power-line. It was here that the mounting bird showed a pronounced hook on the tip of its beak whereas the other bird had no hook –
see photograph for comparison.
Page 4
Lilac-breasted Rollers breeding continued….
On 30 October a small illuminating lamp was lowered into the nest chamber and with the aid of a small mirror, four white eggs were seen. The frequency of the egg-laying is not known but there were no eggs on 24 October.
Both birds took turns to incubate from then on.
On 4 November there were still the four eggs. A large sand lizard was brought to the nest. On inspecting the log
at 09h00 on 13 November one egg was seen to have hatched.
Points for discussion
i. The choice of nest site seemed to have been decided on by the initial copulation site – firstly on the power line – although that was abandoned. The second act was in the tree where the breeding eventually
occurred.
ii. The larger prey items, lizards and snakes, were brought only when the weather was hot. Is the appearance of such reptiles dictated by such temperatures as the cooler temperatures only saw beetles,
termites and grass-hopper- sized insects being caught.
iii. If this is the case, would the absence of larger prey account for the demise of the other three chicks?
iv. There was a great deal of time taken to decide on the nest site. This was not this case with previous observations at the Jwaneng nest-site. There seems to have been much greater competition for nesting
sites here in Francistown where a greater number of hole-nesting species exists than at Jwaneng.
v. At least 20 days incubation for the eggs.
vi. At least 28 days taken for the surviving chick to fledge. Would this have been a shorter period had the
climate been warmer?
A blind, naked (apart from a scant covering of hair-like down) chick was seen beside the three other eggs and the broken shell of its own egg. By 13h30 the same day, there was a clucking sound from within the nest and when the bird left, a second egg was seen to have hatched. The air
temperature was 40oC.
By 19 November all four eggs were seen to have hatched
and four gaping beaks were visible.
On 20 November a 30cm green-coloured snake was brought to the nest and dropped into the nest chamber. The snake
appeared to be dead.
No more inspections of the inside of the log were made to reduce further disturbance. Beetles, termites, lizards and
several snakes were brought in as food items.
From hereon in, the weather turned much cooler and wet-ter and the resultant prey was reduced to beetles, grass-
hoppers and termite alates.
By 3 December a chick started to appear at the entrance hole to receive food from the adults. Apparently, only one
chick had survived.
On 11 December the chick made its maiden exit from the nest. It either flew to the upper branches of the nest-tree
or clambered up – probably a bit of both.
By the morning of 14 December the chick was still being fed at the nest-log but by late afternoon there was no sign of
the chick or the adults.
Page 5
Life in the Days of Dabchicks in Mokolodi
One of the delights of the rainy season is watching the bird activity on the small dam on our
plot. Every year, according to the rain pattern, there is a different scenario and species. Some of
you will remember our resident crocodile who thankfully moved on to the dam next door after two
years ‗chez nous‘. This year, with poor and late rains giving forth to an abundance of reeds and wa-
ter plants, has been one of the best.
Even though our dam ‗hosts‘ a wide variety of
birdlife, one species is always faithful. Within
two days of the first good rains, we can be as-
sured of the presence of the Dabchick, or Little
Grebe.
It spends the first 24 hours furiously swimming
back and forth inspecting its new surroundings,
obviously ticking off its suitability checklist. We
have been turned down in the past by quite a
few, but always one will turn up who calls our
dam ‗home‘. Then comes the question of a mate!
This year we had a few spats where a couple of males arrived fighting for the female and the terri-
tory. Our small dam ain‘t big enough for the three of them, so with their time clocks ticking away,
the happy couple quickly settled down to domestic bliss. This entailed the building of their impres-
sive nest hidden amongst the water foliage. They build it high with sodden leaves and matter dragged
from the bottom of the dam. It looks like a soggy mound.
We were lucky to locate their nest quite easily this year. Once the eggs are laid, they cover them
with the soggy foliage if not sitting on the nest and get very territorial seeing off anything else that
moves close to it. One of their characteristic behaviours is to scoot across the water, skimming the
surface and giving off an extremely piercing trilling sound.
A few weeks ago our hearts stopped beat-
ing as there was a huge commotion in the
area of the nest and with the aid of our
binos, we were horrified to see a monitor
lizard trying to get into or on to the
nest. The dabchicks, amazingly fero-
cious for their size , somehow managed
to beat the monitor lizard off. However
we don‘t think it left empty handed - or
empty bellied! For a few days afterwards
the poor dabchicks were extremely skit-
tish and even frightened off a couple of
moorhens with whom they had been hap-
pily sharing their territory.
by Mary Lane-Jones
Page 6
It all went very quiet for a week and then Mark in-
vited the Kalahari Hash House Harriers to run
through our plot as part of a weekly run which he
was setting..........
Although they kept as quiet as a bunch of runners
can, the next day we saw the dabchicks relocating
to another spot closer to the centre of the dam
which actually gave us a better view of proceedings.
After some furious ‗renesting‘ activity and about
five days, we were eventually rewarded by the sight
of two tiny chicks. Once off the nest they go swim-
ming on the back of the parent‘s back and when the
dabchick dives for food, they are under the back
feathers. They are now swimming behind the par-
ents who are teaching them how to dive for the deli-
cacies that lie under the water etc.
No further sighting of the monitor lizard, but we know he is around. Terrapins also abound in our dam. Whether these chicks will survive we can only hope. If they do hopefully they will return to our dam next year.......
Staff Vacancy - BLB is looking for an Environmental Education Assistant
Education
A degree in Education and Environmental Sciences; preferably specialised in Environmental Education.
Qualifications
Teaching experience; working knowledge of basic computer software packages (MS Word, Excel, Power Point, etc); fluency (written and spoken) in English and Setswana; ability to work independently; enthusiasm, curi-
osity and an inquiring mind for EE; desire to gain knowledge of birds; a valid drivers licence.
Duration and remuneration
Two years in accordance with the regulations of the National Internship Programme.
For more details please contact Yukiko :[email protected]
Yukiko Maki-MURAKAMI, Environmental Education Coordinator, Birdlife Botswana Phone: +267 3190540 Fax: +267 3190540 www.birdlifebotswana.org.bw
Page 7
Ornithologists generally discover new species by collecting them in the wild. But early in the 20th century, Museum ornithologst James P.Chapin found one on a hat. In 1913, Chapin, while serving as an assistant on an expedition to the Belgian Congo, came upon a tribesman of the Ituri Forest wearing a headdress with a distinctive feather. To the young naturalist it suggested a pheasant or peacock, a strange possibil-ity since these birds were native to Asia. Curious, he took it. Fast forward to 1936. Chapin was visiting the Congo Museum in Tervuren, Belgium and, by pure chance, found atop a cabinet a pair of taxidermied birds. A label indicated they were familiar Indian or Blue Peacocks, but he suspected otherwise - feathers on these birds matched the one he collected 23 years earlier. Later that year, in a professional journal he described Afropavo congensis or the Congo Peacock, a unique species whose closest relatives are the Asian peacocks. Eager to pursue his discovery in its habitat, Chapin returned to Africa in 1937 and in a forest in what is now the Democratic Re-public of the Congo, he observed the birds on the ground and in flight and heard their night-time call. Over the years, ornithologists have hypothesized that Afropavo is more closely related to African guinea fowls or Old World partridges. However, genetic studies suggest Afropavo is a sister taxon to the Pavo species, the bird commonly known as the peacock, and that Chapin's hunch 100 years ago was right.
Ed’s note, courtesy Wikipedia:
Congo Peacock (Afropavo congensis), a species of
peafowl, is the only member of the genus Afropavo.
It inhabits and is endemic to lowland rainforests of
the Congo River Basin in central DRC. The diet con-
sists mainly of fruits and invertebrates. The male
has a similar display to other peacocks, fanning its
tail in this case, while other peacocks fan their up-
per tail coverts. The male Congo Peafowl is monoga-
mous, though information from the wild is needed.
Very little is known about this species. It has charac-
teristics of both the peafowl and the guineafowl,
which may indicate that the Congo Peafowl is a link
between the two families.
Due to ongoing habitat loss, small population size
and hunting in some areas, the Congo Peafowl is
evaluated as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List of
Threatened Species.
A Rare Bird from Rotunda (the Member Magazine of the American Museum of Natural History)
Winter 2012 vol. 37 no.1
Page 8
This has to be the weirdest thing that ever floated past me in the river...A highly p‘d off chicken snake wound tightly around a struggling falcon's neck. They were stuck together in a deadly embrace, each wanting to kill the other first. My guess is that the falcon dived down and snatched the tasty chicken snake from a nearby patch of open ground and the snake somehow got its tail wound around the hapless bird‘s neck and began strangling it in midair, causing them to fall into the nearby Comal river. Unbelievably, they both survived and are alive and well, considering the odd circumstances. I think if a few more minutes had elapsed, the snake might have won the contest as its tail was actually tied in a tight knot around the bird's neck and getting tighter by the second. I pulled them from the water & quickly untied the snake. This is a prime example of those odd ball stories you occasionally tell which is usually acknowl-edged with "Yeah, right !!!" But as you can see … I have the pictures to prove it. Amazingly neither of the exhausted pair tried to bite or scratch me. The chicken snake, though not venomous, didn‘t want to stop biting the fal-con's leg. It only let go after I had untied its body from the bird's neck. I stayed with the bird until its plumage was al-
most dry and it was ready to fly away.
A chicken snake tightly wound around a falcon's neck has got to be one of the weirdest things I have ever seen and pulled out of the water ...
You never know what’s going to fall out of the sky . . .
An email forwarded to Mike Soroczynski by a friend in Comal River (New Braunfels), Texas
Water was drained out of the falcon’s lungs via the
‘birdie inversion technique’!
A hapless falcon in the deadly grip of a snake
Startled, but alive. Prey, alive to fight another day
Page 9
Gaborone branch camp - Lapalosa, 24 –26 February 2012
By Eugenie Skelton
- Great company in a lovely
campsite under huge Lead-
wood Combretum imberbe
and Anaboom Faidherbia al-
bida trees.
- 23 birders, 101 bird species
seen or heard.
- The new generation of bird-
ers trying on Dad‘s hat.
- Saturday afternoon - state of
the world on the banks of the
Limpopo River
- It‘s a ... Red-chested Cuckoo
- Diamonds are forever...
Page 10
Kids For Birds
compiled by Doreen McColaugh
Photos Eugenie Skelton Dear Kids,
Are some birds lazy?
Just as some people avoid some of their responsibili-ties by saying that they involve too much hard work for them to do, so it seems that some birds follow the same thinking. These birds, called brood para-sites, have cleverly or lazily figured out how to avoid their hardest job (other than finding food to eat and to avoid being eaten by something else) which is to
produce and raise their own offspring/chicks.
A parasite is defined as something or someone that depends on another for its support or existence with-out giving anything in return. So a brood parasite is a bird that depends on another bird (of a different species) to incubate its eggs and raise the chicks once they hatch. Around the world there are five families of birds that are parasitic brooders. The cuckoos, honeyguides and the whydahs and widow-finches are from the three families of these birds that occur in southern Africa, including Botswana, that parasitize other birds. These birds do not make nests for themselves. They select certain species of birds to be their ‗hosts‘ or ‗foster mothers/parents‘. Some of the species of parasitic breeders will only choose one other species as their hosts, while others choose a wider range. The notorious Diderick‘s Cuckoo is known to parasitize up to 24 different spe-
cies of birds.
How do they get away with it? How do they get other birds (their hosts) to accept their eggs, incu-bate them and then raise their chicks? Now ‗host‘ means one that receives or entertains guests so-cially, but for these birds it seems that ‗host‘ means one that can be taken advantage of. These brood parasites select certain birds as their hosts, but they do so without the hosts‘ permission. The brood parasites are very sneaky and patiently wait and watch their selected hosts. When the hosts have made their nest and the female has started to lay their eggs in it, the cheating cuckoo, honeyguide, whydah or widowfinch patiently waits out of sight until the female leaves the nest for a short time be-tween laying her eggs or finding some food, and then the brood parasite quickly moves to the nest and
lays her egg.
Long-tailed
Paradise Whydah
Greater Honeyguide
(juvenile)
Shaft-tailed
Whydah
Diderick Cuckoo
Some brood parasite
species found in
Botswana
Page 11
She might destroy one of the host‘s eggs so that it‘s not noticed that there is an extra egg in the nest. Or she might lay an egg that matches the host‘s egg so well with the same size, same shape, same colour and same patterns that the host female will not no-tice the difference. Clever, huh? Brood parasites‘ eggs take less time to incubate than other eggs and so they hatch a day or so before the host‘s eggs. This gives the first hatched chick an advantage. Be-ing older, bigger and stronger it can demand more food from the host parents who most often feed them before their own chicks because the older one can dominate the younger chicks. The parasitic brooder‘s chick also may destroy the host‘s eggs by pushing them out of the nest before they hatch or if the eggs are left in the nest and they hatch, those
chicks may be killed by the parasitic brooder‘s chick.
You may at some time have seen, and wondered about, a small bird feeding a chick that is much lar-ger than the bird feeding it that supposedly is its mother or father. If so, what you saw was a brood parasitic chick being fed by its foster/host parents
who end up working almost like slaves to raise it.
The big question is: How does a cuckoo chick, for example, incubated and raised by a weaver – and never having seen its real mother or father – know how to be a cuckoo? How does it know to parasitize, as well as know which species to select as hosts when it grows up? How does it know its own species
calls and everything else that makes it a cuckoo?
In the next issue we will look more closely at the parasitic brooder species that occur in Botswana and what species they target as hosts. Be on the look-out for small birds feeding chicks that are much bigger and of different colours and markings than the smaller birds are. You might be observing parasitic
brooding in action!
―Lazy Birds‖ by Abre Steyn in the Farmer’s Weekly of 27/01/2012 and Roberts’ Birds of Southern Africa by
Gordon Maclean were consulted for this article.
A non-camouflaged brood parasite egg
courtesy Wikipedia
A demanding young Klaas’ Cuckoo
being fed by a female Marico Sunbird
A Levaillant’s Cuckoo being fed by its foster parent,
an Arrow-marked Babbler
Kids For Birds cont...
BirdLife – Kasane
This branch plan to meet on either the last Saturday or Sunday of the month.
Contact Phil Zappala [email protected] or check the website www.birdlifebotswana.org.bw
for details
BirdLife – Ghanzi
Contact Kevin Grant [email protected]
BirdLife – Maun
Field outings on weekends, contact Pete Hancock [email protected]
Additional activities may be scheduled depending on demand.
Contact Pete Hancock at BirdLife Maun office for further information - 6865618.
Maun office address – P O Box 1529, Maun
BirdLife - Jwaneng
Contact Kabo Ditshane for details [email protected]
BirdLife – Francistown
The Francistown branch hold their meetings on the second Wednesday of each month, starting at
19h00 at the Supa-Ngwayo Museum, located at the corner of the first turn to the left as you travel
from the Bulawayo roundabout towards the light industrial area. If you have any questions please call
Mike Soroczynski on 7410080 or email him at [email protected]
BirdLife - Gaborone
Bird walks 1st Sunday of the month, start at 06:30, September to April and 08:00 May to August,
inclusive. Meet in the southern car park of Molapo Crossing.
For any queries contact Harold Hester at [email protected]
or Mike Goldsworthy [email protected]
Page 12
Page 13
Committee of BirdLife Botswana 2011
Chairman Harold Hester [email protected]
Vice-Chairman Mike Goldsworthy [email protected] - also membership secretary
Treasurer Ian White [email protected]
Committee members
Balisi Bonyongo - business [email protected]
Chris Brewster - recorder [email protected]
Mary Lane-Jones - marketing [email protected]
Doreen McColaugh – education [email protected]
Eugenie Skelton – editor Familiar Chat [email protected]
Mike Barclay - [email protected]
Kathleen Toomey [email protected]
Mike Soroczynski - organiser of activities in Francistown [email protected]
Kevin Grant - organizer Ghanzi [email protected]
Phil Zappala - organizer Kasane [email protected]
Dr. Michael Flyman - representative DEA [email protected]
Dr. Lucas Rutina – DWNP [email protected]
David Mosugelo - DWNP [email protected]
Dr. Marks Ditlhogo - UB [email protected]
Staff members
Kabelo Senyatso – Dir. & Conservation Officer [email protected]
Pete Hancock - Conservation Officer Maun [email protected]
Keddy Mooketsa - education – Gaborone [email protected]
Lesego Ratsie - membership - [email protected]
Dikabelo Koboyatshwene – Admin. Officer –Gabs –[email protected]
Yukiko Maki-Murakami - [email protected]
Virat Kootsositse - [email protected]
Boniface Keoneeng - [email protected]
Records sub-committee
Recorder Chris Brewster, PO Box 26292, Gaborone
Secretary Keddy Mooketsa [email protected]
Andrew Hester
Stephanie J. Tyler [email protected]
Richard D. Randall [email protected]
Conservation/Research sub-committee
Chair Pete Hancock [email protected]
Kabelo Senyatso [email protected]
Stephanie Tyler [email protected]
Graham McCulloch [email protected]
Sekgowa Motsumi [email protected]
Caspar Bonyongo [email protected]
Editorial sub-committee (Babbler)
Editor Stephanie J. Tyler [email protected]
Asst. Editors Pete Hancock & Doreen McColaugh
BirdLife Botswana P.O. Box 26691, Game City, Gaborone, Botswana. tel. 319 0540
Website: www.birdlifebotswana.org.bw
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