FAKULTI PENDIDIKAN DAN BAHASA.docx

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FAKULTI PENDIDIKAN DAN BAHASA

HBEL 3203

TEACHING OF GRAMMAR

SEPTEMBER 2014

NAMA :

NO. MATRIKULASI :

NO. KAD PENGENALAN :

NO. TELEFON :

E-MEL :

PUSAT PEMBELAJARAN :


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1.0INTRODUCTION

For information, essays are generally scholarly pieces of writing giving the

author's ownargument,but the definition is vague, overlapping with those of anarticle,a

pamphlet and a short story.This mean that essays can consist of a number of elements,

including: literary criticism, political manifestos, learned arguments, observations of

daily life, recollections, and reflections of the author. Almost all the modern essays are

written inprose,but works inverse have been dubbed essays. While the brevity usually

defines an essay, voluminous works like John Locke's An Essay Concerning Human

Understanding and Thomas Malthus's An Essay on the Principle of Population are

counterexamples.

The concept of an "essay" has been extended to other of the mediums beyond

writing. A film an essay is a movie that often incorporates documentary film making

styles and which focuses more on the evolution of a theme or an idea. A good

photographic essay is an attempt to cover a topic with a linked series ofphotographs it

may or may not have an accompanying text or captions. In some countries, an essays

have become a major part of formal education. Primary students are taught structured

essay formats to improve their writing skills, and admission essays are often used by

universities in selecting applicants and, in the humanities and social sciences, as a way of

assessing the performance of students during final exams.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argumenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Article_%28publishing%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pamphlethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short_storyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literary_criticismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manifestoshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argumentshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poetryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Lockehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Essay_Concerning_Human_Understandinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Essay_Concerning_Human_Understandinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Malthushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Essay_on_the_Principle_of_Populationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essay#Filmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photo_essayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photographshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photo_captionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Educationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Admissions_essayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Admissions_essayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Educationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photo_captionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photographshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photo_essayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essay#Filmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Essay_on_the_Principle_of_Populationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Malthushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Essay_Concerning_Human_Understandinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Essay_Concerning_Human_Understandinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Lockehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poetryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argumentshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manifestoshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literary_criticismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short_storyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pamphlethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Article_%28publishing%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argument


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2.0DATA COLLECTION METHOD

USE 1 Completed Action in the Past

The use the Simple Past to express the idea that an action started and finished at a

specific time in the past. This means that sometime the speaker may not actually mention

the specific time, but they do have one specific time in mind.

Examples:-

I sawa movie yesterday.

I didn't seea play yesterday.

Last year, I traveledto Japan.

Last year, I didn't travelto Korea.

Didyou havedinner last night? She washedher car.

He didn't washhis car.

USE 2 A Series of Completed Actions

We use the Simple Past to list a series of completed actions in the past. These

actions happen 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and so on.


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Examples :-

I finishedwork, walkedto the beach, and founda nice place to swim.

He arrivedfrom the airport at 8:00, checkedinto the hotel at 9:00, and metthe

others at 10:00.

Didyou addflour, pourin the milk, and then addthe eggs?

3.0Description and justification of Methods of Grammar Instruction (Implicit

and/or Explicit)

Based on my 5 years of teaching experience, the statement "grammar teaching

should be implicit, not explicit" could be argued both for and against. Whether to teach

grammar as an extracted focus on the essay writting or more passively as an inductive,

integral topic has been the theme of countless debates on the part of institutions,

professors, grammarians and language researchers for decades. As for me, a grammar is

the branch of linguistics dealing with the form and structure of words or morphology, and

their interrelation in sentences, called syntax. The study of grammar reveals how

language works, an important aspect in both English acquisition and learning also.


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Explicit is means that to precisely and clearly expressed or readily observable;

leaving nothing to implication while an implicit in the dictionary entry I learned that

"Explicit" means "something that is easily understood or told directly and clearly"

whereas "Implicit" means "something that is not expressed clearly, thus not clearly

understood". This means that, up to this it is clear to me. Then the another entry in

dictionary against "implicit" says that it means "complete and not doubted" and it has an

example "She had the implicit trust of her staff, plied though not directly expressed

inherent in the nature of something. An aspects of English language grammar that may

offer exceptional challenge to EFL students include use of word order, determiners (this,

that, these, those, a, an, the), prepositions (in, on, at, by, for, from, of), auxiliaries (do, be,

have), conjunctions (but, so, however, therefore, though, although), interrogatives,

intensifiers (some, any, few, more, too) and distinctions between modal verbs (can, could,

would, should, may, might, must). Phrasal verbs also present considerable difficulty to

Spanish speakers learning communicative English.

Present Tense Past Tense

I have We have I had We had

You have You have You had You had

He has He had

She has They have She had They had

It has It had

Examples ;-

I have a garden in my backyard.

(present tense)

I had a garden in my backyard

last year, too. (past tense)


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You have some schoolwork to

do.

You also had some work to doyesterday.

He has a beehive full of bees.

He had a beehive when he was a

child.

Do you have any interest in

bees?

She has a fear of spiders.

Do you have a fear of anything?

They have fun playing in the

water.

They had a good time in the

pool last week, too.


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4.0Analysis of essays :- Use of Present Tense And The Use of Past Tense

Student 1 :-

I will always remember my last holidays. They were my longest holidays, and I

think that I learnt how to spend the time. I enjoyed a lot with my friends, my family, and I

met new people too, because I was in different places during the summer, and I wanted to

meet people everywhere. The first place I visited was Karachi town, because I was

invited for some days by a cousin who has a house there.

I went with some friends and cousins and we spendthere just five days, but it was

enough time to want to come back next summer! We stayed on the beach for hours, in the

mornings, just lying and asleep, taking enough energy for the rest of the day and for the

night! At night, we went out until next morning. We dance, met people, walked near the

beach... while we watched the moon in silence. Next, I went to Muree with my parents

and my sister. Actually, I do not go to Muree, I went to Islamabad. We stayed there for

four days, and it was really unforgettable.

Correction :-


Spend Spended

Dance Danced

Do Not Does Not


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Student 2 :-

Last winter, with my family I had goesto Shimla for holidays. That was a very

memorable moment for me. It was a three day vacation in Shimla. With my parents, my

brother and one of my cousin had goes away. It was winter of December and we went

northwards to north it became cold. It was very enjoyable in the toy train and was very

excited. The roads were wide and the train was slow. The hills were beautiful. We were

going up in the Himalayas. Below it was lush green, with some terrace cultivation and

some forests , and above the lofty Himalayas, with snow peaks. It took us almost 12

hours to reach Shimla from New Delhi.

I was tired and took a nap. Suddenly my cousin, Neha wake me up. It was

evening, she insisted me to see outside. Wow ! it was very beautiful. It was very bright.

All the bulbs were on. It seemed to me like heaven. I felt good and all my tiredness was

gone. At 8 0 clock in the evening , we reached Shimla. It was very cold. My father had

booked a hotel. We took our dinner and slept. It was very cold. My mother hasput three

blankets and I slept quite well due to the tiredness. By 7 a. m. we woke up. It was very

cold so the water pipes werejam, so we had to finish our work with little water.

Correction :-


Goes Gone

Exciting Excited

Wake Woke

Jam Jammed


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Student 3:-

I will attendedto some arrears of school work like copying of notes, getting the

recorded up to-date and so on. Exercises which were not done in the class will be

completed. I will go to the library regularly, both in the morning and evening and do

some useful supplementary reading. After all one cannot always be reading. For a change

I attendedto some garden work. I am keen on gardening. It may be preparing the soil for

a new plant or weeding out grass; it may be pruning the fence. The plants require regular

watering, that I shall do myself. Now I have made up my mind to learn chess. I have

already bought chessmen and a board for that. I will try to answered the problems on

chess given in the newspapers. It is not always work for me. When I feel I must have a

change, I mingle with my friends and enjoy some time in fun and frolic.

This time I wantedto learn some trade. I have made up my mind to learn watch

repairing. So, I shall go and sit in the watch maker's shop. My father has promised to

introduce me to one. I think it will take a good part of my time and it will fit me up to be

a watch maker and repairer. Not that I want to took it as a profession but it is worth

knowssuch a trade.

Correction :-


Attend Attended

Records Recorded

Answer Answered

Want Wanted

Take Took

Know Knows


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Student 4 :-

Formy last school holidays,I spendeda few days at my cousinshouse at Nabila,

a well-known sea resort.I shall never forget that visit. In the evening we put the raft on

the sea. Thewater was still high, but the raftfloat quite well. My cousin and I sit on it

and began to row it by using the oars that we had made ourselves. We felt very happy

indeed and continue to row it. We remained on it for a long time, but as it was already

getting dark we did not go far. We returned to the shore and tied the raft to a tree.

On the next day, we went out to catch some crabs and fish. We usethe net that we

had bought and catcha lot of fish. Then, we had our lunch and went out again on the raft.

We continued to row it as far as we could. It was really a pleasure to be away from the

shored. The sea was calm and we could row with ease. My cousin told me many

interesting things about Morib. We then returned to the shore. In this way, I spent my

holidays happily at Morib, a placeI shall never forget.

Correction :-


Spent Spended

Float Floated

Shore Shored

Continue Continued

Use Used

Catch Catched
http://language123.blogspot.com/2008/06/how-you-spent-last-holiday.htmlhttp://language123.blogspot.com/2009/01/describe-house-you-live-in.htmlhttp://language123.blogspot.com/2009/01/describe-house-you-live-in.htmlhttp://essays4free.blogspot.com/2009/06/sea-is-bottomless-rubbish-pit.htmlhttp://language123.blogspot.com/2008/04/unforgetable-incident.htmlhttp://language123.blogspot.com/2008/06/importance-of-water.htmlhttp://language123.blogspot.com/2009/03/things-you-like-dislike-about-school.htmlhttp://language123.blogspot.com/2008/06/how-you-spent-last-holiday.htmlhttp://language123.blogspot.com/2008/06/how-you-spent-last-holiday.htmlhttp://language123.blogspot.com/2008/07/incident-i-shall-never-forget.htmlhttp://language123.blogspot.com/2008/07/incident-i-shall-never-forget.htmlhttp://language123.blogspot.com/2008/06/how-you-spent-last-holiday.htmlhttp://language123.blogspot.com/2008/06/how-you-spent-last-holiday.htmlhttp://language123.blogspot.com/2009/03/things-you-like-dislike-about-school.htmlhttp://language123.blogspot.com/2008/06/importance-of-water.htmlhttp://language123.blogspot.com/2008/04/unforgetable-incident.htmlhttp://essays4free.blogspot.com/2009/06/sea-is-bottomless-rubbish-pit.htmlhttp://language123.blogspot.com/2009/01/describe-house-you-live-in.htmlhttp://language123.blogspot.com/2008/06/how-you-spent-last-holiday.html


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Student 5:-

Duringmy last school holidays,I spent a few days at my cousinshouse at Morib,

a well-knownsea resort.I shall never forget that visit. On the day I arrived at Morib, my

cousintellme that he would do to make my stay there a very interesting one. He said that

he would make a raft to use it inthe sea.Then he would buy fishing net to catch some

fish in the shallow water near the coast. When I heard all this, I was very delighted

because it was one of the reasons that I had decided to visit my cousin. We then walked

up tothe beach which is near his house.

While we were there, sometime inthe evening,the sea look extremely beautiful. I

saw the islands and hills in the distance, the birds in the air, and a few boys and girls

playing on the beach. I also saw some fishermen coming out of thewater with their catch.

All this was indeed very interesting to look at.

On the next day, my cousin and I collectsome tree trunks from the forest nearby.

As my cousins house is close to the sea, we decided to make the raft on the beach itself.

It took us almost the whole morning to make the raft. We then had our lunch and went to

Banting, the nearest town, to buy fishing net. After that wereturnto my cousins house.

Correction :-


Tell Told

Look Looked

Collect Collect

Return Returned
http://language123.blogspot.com/2008/06/how-you-spent-last-holiday.htmlhttp://language123.blogspot.com/2008/06/how-you-spent-last-holiday.htmlhttp://language123.blogspot.com/2009/01/describe-house-you-live-in.htmlhttp://language123.blogspot.com/2009/01/describe-house-you-live-in.htmlhttp://essays4free.blogspot.com/2009/06/sea-is-bottomless-rubbish-pit.htmlhttp://language123.blogspot.com/2008/04/unforgetable-incident.htmlhttp://language123.blogspot.com/2008/07/describe-day-by-river-or-sea.htmlhttp://language123.blogspot.com/2008/06/water-is-important-to-all-living-things.htmlhttp://language123.blogspot.com/2009/02/describe-evening-on-beach.htmlhttp://language123.blogspot.com/2009/02/describe-evening-on-beach.htmlhttp://language123.blogspot.com/2009/03/excursion-to-nearby-islands.htmlhttp://language123.blogspot.com/2009/03/my-first-air-travel.htmlhttp://essays4free.blogspot.com/2009/06/importance-of-water.htmlhttp://essays4free.blogspot.com/2009/06/importance-of-water.htmlhttp://language123.blogspot.com/2009/03/my-first-air-travel.htmlhttp://language123.blogspot.com/2009/03/excursion-to-nearby-islands.htmlhttp://language123.blogspot.com/2009/02/describe-evening-on-beach.htmlhttp://language123.blogspot.com/2009/02/describe-evening-on-beach.htmlhttp://language123.blogspot.com/2008/06/water-is-important-to-all-living-things.htmlhttp://language123.blogspot.com/2008/07/describe-day-by-river-or-sea.htmlhttp://language123.blogspot.com/2008/04/unforgetable-incident.htmlhttp://essays4free.blogspot.com/2009/06/sea-is-bottomless-rubbish-pit.htmlhttp://language123.blogspot.com/2009/01/describe-house-you-live-in.htmlhttp://language123.blogspot.com/2008/06/how-you-spent-last-holiday.html


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REFFERENCE

Book with Single Author:-

Gore, A.(2006). An inconvenient truth: The Good Essay Writting and what we can do

about it.

Emmaus, PA.(Gore, 2006)Book with Two Authors : MD: Wildlife Society.In-text

reference.

Michaels, P. J., & Balling, R. C., Jr. (2000). The Past And Present Tense. Washington,

DC: Cato Institute.In-text reference.

Galley. K. E. (Ed.). (2004). Global climate change and wildlife in North

America.Bethesda.

Brochure or Pamphlet :-

New York State Department of Health. (2002). A Good Essay Writting. [Brochure].

An Anonymous Book :-

Environmental resource handbook. (2001). Millerton, NY: Grey House.In-

text reference :- ( Environmental Resource Handbook, 2001 )

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FAKULTI PENDIDIKAN DAN BAHASA.docx