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Plate I

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A S T A T U E F R O M THE K A R N A K C A C H EB Y H. W. FAIRMAN

With Plates i and ii.A M O N Ghe nunierous statues which were found by Legrain at Karnalc that which bearsthe excavat ion number 197, and the number 37075 in the J ou ma l d 'Ent~ek, lmust be con-sidered one of th e finest and most interesting. I t is in perfect condition (except for th e fa ctth at the ti p of t he nose is missing) and is tha t of a certain Ahmes, son of Smendes7who wasa priest of "Nekht-Hor-heb, the divine". I t would therefore appear that Nekht-Hor-hebwas already dead when this statue was made, and we may reasonably d ate i t to the beginningof th e Ptolem aic period, or to the reign of A lexander th e Great.The material of t he sta tue is schist, an d its height is 95 cm. Ahmes is represented a sa youn g man , standing upright w ith the left foot slightly advanced , and with his back againstan obelisk-shaped sup por t. He is clad only in the short indyt-skirt, and his head is closelyshaven. I n appearan ce this is a typical statu e of th e early Ptolemaic period: the streng th andcharacter t ha t distinguish so ma ny Saitic statue s have gone, an d we are left with a sonlewhatformal portr ait of a ma n, with a slight smirk on his lips, clumsy legs and rath er heav y, over-developed shoulders, an d a body of which the details are summarily treated .This stat ue has not been published hitherto, though a mention of it was made an d someextra cts q uoted by Legrain in Bulletin de 1'1nstitut f m n ~ a i s 'Amlt&ologieo~ientale,XII , 92.I t is published here because it is very probable th at in A hn ~e s e possess the earliest knownpriest of Buchis. At least7 t is certain th at his official duties broug ht him into close tou chwit h Her mo nthis (especially in the use of th e title ?znk, which is borne by other priests ofBuchis), th e bull of M edamiid, and Ameno pet ; and fo r these and other reasons i t is no tunreasonable to presume that he was connected with Buchis worship. This paper shouldtherefore be considered as complementary t o th e chapter o n the Hieroglyphic Inscriptionsin the E.E.S. Memoir on the Bucheurn and Baqaria which is now in the press, an d the readeris referred to th at w ork for a full discussion of ma ny points which cannot be dealt with indeta il in th e course of a brief pap er.

Inscriptions on the waist (PI. ii, 2)To th e righ t: f iv es tlze dirine fathey and p ~o ph et f Osiris, the enzbdm e~ and divine p u ~ i$ e ~ ,Ahm es, justi$ed.To th e left : h u e s the divine fathey and p ~o ph et f Amzin i n ' Ipt-swt, hnk? embalmer anddivine pu ~i$ er, Ahmes, 3usti$ed.

a Here, an d in the translations of a ll Buchis inscriptions, "embalmer" is used as the t ranslation ofhri-S& ; f. Journal, XVII, 227. b For this tiiJe see the inscription on the right side of the support, note a.

Inscriptions on the obelisk-shaped supp ort.A. The back of th e su pp ort : top (P l. i, l ) .

At th e top, in the centre, is the winged disk, from vliich han g nine "Anklis", in threerows of thre e. Below this Ahnies is shown worshipping Amim a nd O siris, who face right an dleft respectively.l I am much obliged to Mr. Guy Brunton for obtaining the photographs for me.

B

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Bef ore Am iin : Ame n-R$, Ki ng of the Gods, primeval one of the Tw o Lands , w ith upraisedarm. A nd : T he servant who praises his lord, the divine father Ah me s, justi$ed.Be fore Osiris: Osiris, Onnophris. A nd : Th e ollower of Osiris in pr-gtA (?), the d ivine fatherAlzmes, justified.

B. T h e main inscription on th e back (Pl. i, l ) .l . Th e divine fatlzer and prophet of A m ii n in 'Ip t-s wt , Ahmes, justi fied, says :0 Amen-BEr,Icing of the Gods, primeval one of the Tw o La nd s, self-created, I a m th y servant, who follozus th yK a , a revered one who sees his lord. Grant me th y lqe in olloztiing thy majesty. M a y I not growtire& of seeing thy face, zwll embalmed and adorned excellently in the hlecropolis beside 'I&JJ1mt.b Ma yes t thou set m y childrenc in thy city as those who have been appointed by the g0ds.d2. Th e embalrner and div ine puri$er of AnzzTn, Ah me s, justijied, says :0 N u n the Old, whocame into existence in the beginning, primeval one of the Tw o Lan ds, w ith upraised ar m, m yheart is loyal to tl~ee.M a y I be in tlzy following, m ay I praise thy beauty in thy noble shrine,

mayest thou establislz m y image wit hin tlzy sacred place, m a y m y n ame be uttered by th y servants,nzy children being in th y tenzple, and followinge th y majest y ecery day zcithout cease inf th y' I p t - s w t .3. Th e prophet of Ama une t, who is in ' Ip t - swt , Ahmes, jusf$ed, says: 0 Mut, who cameinto txistence aforetime, I am thy chil& (?) in thy court. I haw not done evil (??) with m y lefthand against the Tem ple of Afzd through ear (lit. trembling) of Khonsu (7). A great ofering inhis goodly jestival o j the Ne w Yea rh (? )consisting of incense of Pu nt, that ( m y ) ettiardjrom thee,0 mis tress of tlze gods and goddesses, m ay be a long life wit h good fortun e. 1Mayest tho u cause m ydwellingi to endure in the portal of t hy tem ple, mayest tho u establish those who come after metherein.4 . Tlte baron of the Memph ite N om e, the govemor of the Hare hrome , Ah mes , justified, says :

I went to the Residence, I sailed u p-s trea m to Herm opolis , a royul rescript being with me.j I bentm y ar ms to the proplzets an d their priests. I did good to their citizens. T h e reward tlzereof wa sthat Te ne n and T hot h caused me to arrive at Thebes as an ho?~oured ne. M a y I complete nzyl ifek upon e a ~ thn the following of Am fin, as a divine purijier i n his great place.5. The p~ophe tof Soka r-Osi ris, Alzmes, justi$ed, sa ys : I am thy sermnt , 0 King of theGods, in ( thy ?) temple1 (?). Thy censer is (extended) tottiards me. I amm a n embalmer inPr-rnb-irw,n who revivi$es Osiris in the Ht -n b. Mayest thou jmt me among the excellent spiritswho are in thy tra in, and the sr hw who are beside thee. M ay m y Ba not perish, may m y body notdie, . . . again, may I come and go on earth every day, may I enter in to the god and not berepelled.6 . The prophet of Amenopet of ~ b - s w t , ~lzmes, justified, says :Praise to thy ace, 0 phallusoj the goas, Amenopet, bull with ~ p r a i ~ e drm , liv ing image of RI? in Hernzont1zis,p who gran tsprovisionsq to him who i s in his favour. Mayest thou give them to me, 0 m y great lord, or I a mloyal to th y majes ty. Grant tlzat I m ay see thy noble B a wlzen it sails (to) Bo-stau. M a y I liveon tlze offerings which are made to tlzee.7 . Th e prophet of K1zonsu Amenope t, A hme s, justijied, says : I inscribe the gateways ofKhonsu in Thebes, the noble sbm in Bnnt.t I exalt his fear, I make great his majesty, I writeup on the wall of his tem ple. 1May he ma ke a reward for me by prolonging m y life as a reveredone, "o ne who has gone to his I

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Plate I1

S t a t u e of Ahmes, son of Smendes .Cairo Museum, N o. 37075. He ig h t g5 cm .

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A STATUE PROM THE KARNAK CACHE 3m f t he sign is not clear in the original. Possibly we should emend wp-rnpt. 1 rft is a late variant

Try, "encampment"; cf. Wb. d. aeg. Spr., I , 182. j Read iw wd-niswt r-hnr4. For this writing of iw cf.a.. aeg. Spr., I, 42. k S km 4 t p - t ~ i . 1 Read m-7JnL t(.k) ? m Emend iw.i m &v$-S&I. Pr-m&-irw:u r m b g o Gauthier, Dict. ge'og., II, 63, this is a word for "tomb" or ''necropolis". Cf. Bergmann, Da sBwh LW Durchwu ndeh der Ewigkeit, 20, which, however, does not explain the nature of t he building orubce. 0 @-swt: the pyramid of Mentuhotep I V a t D& el-Bahri, and th e cemetery attached t o it; cf.8-authier, Dict. ge'og., I, 7 ; ethe, op. cit., $ 7 . The spelling which is given here is unusual and greatly abbre-nated, but compare t he var iant i n the inscription on the left side of t he support. p For th is title of Amen-o p t cf. Sethe, op. cit., Taf. v = Theb. T. 96, b. It is used of Amenopet as the heir of t he Eight Gods. Itis very tempting t o see in thi s phrase an equation between Amenopet and Buchis, who, as the Buchis stelaep ur e, was not merely the heir of t he Eight Gods, but also their father, and th e fathe r of their fathers, as-we -4miin and Mentu. Buchis also bears the epithe t 7m in one case (Buchis Inscription No. 6-a stelaof Ptolemy IV). q Read wd k ~ w Some slight emendation of the original is obviously necessary. Possibly;be fourth should be replaced by the normal determinative, o r should be omitted altogether. * Readi d mwi. S m ~ h d t : robably the same word as En, b. d . ueg. Spr., 11~30. Bnnt : th e temple ofK h m u a t Karnak; cf. Gauthier, op. cit., 11,22; Sethe, op. cit., $ 50. sb n k ~ f :n epithet of a deadpmmn; f. Wb. d . aeg. Spr., III, 430.C . The inscription on th e right side o f the support (Pl. ii , l ) .

An offering wh ich the king gives to Amen-RE r, Ki ng of the gods, and to Osiris of Coptos, whoduells in the Ht -n b , that he [sic] m a y give everything that comes forth on h is altar in the courseoferey day to the divine father and prophet of Amen-Re? in his temple, the h n k in Hermonthis,athe embalmer and divine purifier, who sails (to) the necropolis from ' I A - T ~ r n t , ho sees thehidden B a in his ima ge, the prophet of Sobek , Lord of M rf ,prophet of Nekht-Hor-heb, the divine,fhe scribe and div ine treasurer of A mG n of the second phylt?, prophet of K ho ns u Ame nop et,--lhmes, ustified , son of the br i-t p- nl sw t, Sm end es, just$ed, born of the lady of the house andl h . ~ j AmGn, Ti- nub , justified.fink: the ti tle of a priest i n Hermonthis (W b. d. aeg. Spr ., III,118). The Worterbuchprefers th e translitera-

tkm hnk-nww, "der den Nun schenkt", but hnk, "the offerer7', seems equally possible: cf. the spelling ofh&, offering". It would now appear not merely does this title refer to a priest i n Hermonthis, but th ati? was borne by priests of Buchis. I n the course of the excavations a t the Bucheum, and in the Cemetery 200&eh liea close by and in which some of the priests of Buchis were probably buried, a number of offeringub l e s or hagments of offering tables bearing this t itle were found (Buchis Inscriptions Nos. 28-32). It isakniflcant tha t in every case th e offering tables bore the titles "embalmer, divine purifier", in addition toAuk:-hnk, hri-S&I,rbw ntr. It will be noticed, too, t ha t in th e three instances of hn k on this statuethe othert f l halso occur. The evidence is hardly sufficient as yet to be absolutely conclusive, but it is exceedinglyp b a b l e that i n the Ptolemaic period a t least &nk was one of the tit les of the priests of Buchis.D. Inscription o n th e left side of th e support (PI. i, 2).

A n offering wh ich the 7cing gives to Amen-RCr, the primeval one of the T w o Lan ds , that hemopgive everything tha t is offered o n his altar every day to the K a of the divin e ather and prophet~ Osiris, the embalmer and div ine purifier, who enters the burial-place of the Bul l wh ich is inMdam&i,awho sees the secret of the first prim eval one, prophet of A ma un et , who is in ' I p t - s w t ,.mphet of Amenopet of JIJ-swt,scribe of the fourth phylt? of Am &, Ah mes, jus tifi ed, son of thew ~ - & r - ~ h >mend es, justified, born of the dancer of Amen-Rt?r, Ka mep his, Ti -n ub , ustified.* The mention of t he bull of Medamtid is of interest since Buchis, as a sacred bull like Apis and Mnevis,

already in existence. I n the Bucheum Memoir it will be seen that there is strong reason for consideringBwhiswas the embodiment of t he four bull-forms of Mentu. The fact tha t, a t a time when Buchis wasd i p p e d , the bull of Medamild was sometimes looked upon as a separate en tit y (a t Medamtid itself, for

zmsanw, as he excavations of the French Ins titu te have shown) in no way disproves this statement, for t he- henomenon can be observed in the case of the local bulls of Tfid and Hermonthis. Neither, it may beout, does the mention of the burial place of the bull of Medamtid speak against this theory. No

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4 H. W. FAIRMANtrace of a cemetery for th e bull has been found a t Medamad, and doubtless it never will. If the bull ofMedamad was merely one of t he four forms of Mentu united in one, i.e. in Buchis, there is no contradictionin equating the imntt of the bull of Medamad with the Bucheum, the burial-place of Buchis, of whose natureth e bull of Medamud formed a part . 1) m?/-dsr-rh: for this title cf . Cairo 42211 (Legrain, Statues et.statuettes de rois et particuliers, 111, 28 f f . ) . Compare also ma &r m rh: Cairo 41017 (Moret, Sarcophages deFepoque bubastite Vepoque suite, 184), and Cairo 41062 (Gauthier, Cercueils anthropotdes des pretres deMontou, 391).

The sta tue is not absolutely free-standing, and a com paratively thin piece of stoneconnects it w ith its support. The available spaces in this stone are utilized for furth erinscriptions.Rig ht side (PI. ii, 1). Ahmes' eldest son, Smendes, is shown standing up, clad in a longrobe which reaches from his breast to below his knees. The tex t reads: H i s eldest, belovedson, prophet of Osir is, Smen des , born of the lady of the house and ihy t of An Gn , T - sh er i t - Min ,justified. We thu s possess th e names of A hnies' fath er an d son, bot h of whom were calledSmendes, his moth er, Ti-nub, an d his wife, T-sherit-Min. At present no furth er detailsseem to be known a bou t these people, or abo ut A hmes himself, but i t is not at all impossibleth at th e final publication of th e statues from the K arna k Cache may produce th e desiredinformation.Left side (PI. i, 2). Ahmes is shown kneeling and facing left, with hands raised inadoration. Above his head, and in front of h im is a short inscription: T h e si-sta in " T h eMis tre ss of Cities",b the prophet of Osiris , Ahrne s, justified.

a A priestly title ; cf. W b. d. aeg. Spr., 111,414. to One of t he names of Thebes ; f. op. cit., 111, 108.Below the figure of Ahm es is a n inscription of sixteen lines:Th e prophet of Amen -REr in his temple , Ahmes, just i f ied , say s: 0 ye "dw-ntra and priests

of the great B a , ye embalm ers of " T he Ey e of REr"b who enter " Th e Heaven upo n Earth"" o ntheir eet while performing their duties therein, stretch forth your arm{s) to m e w i t h a n " of fe r in g-iu1zich-the-l~ing-gives",str et ch f or th y ou r a r m s t o m e ~ a y i n g , ~M a y he pra ise thee in peace,namely Amen-REr, the noble shm, chief of all the gods. M a y thy Ba live in heaven before Rer;ma y t hy K a be d iv ine before the gods; m a y thy body endure in the Underworld before Osiris;m ay thy m um m y be g lorious among the Sh in ing Ones; ma y thy noble B a go to b lendes and theThi nit e Nome on the day of the estival of Solcar. " 0 doer of good to ir hom good i s done , icho doesnot t ake vengeance (?), zuho spe nds the night in taking thoughte (?), m a y f hy real heart be pleasantto me f (?), ( fo r ) m y h ea rt is loyal to h is majesty , m y d isposi t ion is pure and far f rom evi l, ( I )hate wrongg (??) . . .my l or d, m y god, m y a th er , m y protector, who does not grow tired of pro-tecting h is servant, ma y m y na me be happ ily pronounced by those zc1w are up on earth as ( that of)a revered one in the fav our of hi s god.

a rdw-rtr: a priestly title ; cf. W b. d. aeg. Spr., I, 240. to ir t RC: ne of the names of Thebes ; f. Gauthier,Dic t. gkog., I, 99. " y t tr ssti-: a name of Karn ak; cf. W b. d. ag. Spr. , I, 491. d Emend m dd? e I amnot a t all certain that I have grasped the real meaning of these phrases, which seem to conta in an invocationto Amiin. The last clause (s& md-n. f ?) is reminiscent of t he Cairo Hymn to Amiin: "who spends the nightwatching over mankind, who spends the night seeking good things for his cattle" , i.e. for men (Cairo Hymnto Amiin, 7, 1= Mariette, Les Pap yrus igyptiens du Muse'e de Boulaq, 11, PI. 12).Compare also a somewhatsimilar passage in Thoth's letter on behalf of Rer to Neith i n Chester Beatty I, recto 2.11.l f The translationwhich is given here necessitates the mbstitution of ib.k forE nk. &h. . 0. Faulkner, however, suggeststhe following translation: "I am well-disposed (?), I am one tru e of heart, who is loyal to his majesty."g These words are somewhat obscure and may well need emendation. Possibly with is an error for S-or .%, and we should emend m d ( - i )m. The meaning of n&J, or n@ , is unknown ; t is apparently-a verb of thinking or praising.

I owe this reference to Mr. Faulkner.