FACULTY OF NATURAL SCIENCES Monthly Newsletter...FACULTY OF NATURAL SCIENCES Monthly Newsletter . GU Science Review Vol. 2 - Issue 1 January, 2017 2 ... Bose adapted a lecture at the

GU Science Review Vol. 2 - Issue 1 January, 2017

1

FACULTY OF NATURAL SCIENCES

Monthly Newsletter


2

From Editor’s Desk The main objective of “Science Review”, A monthly newsletter of Faculty of Natural Sciences is to improve the knowledge base and skills in addressing the issues related to science, focusing mainly on them as well as promoting scientific societies in the university. The content of this newsletter focuses on advances in Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics and various activities going on in the faculty by faculty members and students. This is an opportunity for faculty members to have a good overview of the issues related to the subjects. I extend my warmest thanks to the faculty members for their interest, enthusiasm and timely submission of content write-up and participation. As Editor of “Science Review”, I anticipate that this issue would be of immense value and will be definitely useful to the faculty in natural sciences. This collection will also offer a window for new perspectives and directions in the area of palliative care in the readers’ mind for long. Edited By: Dr. Neeraj Puri Ms. Manjit Kaur Design Concept: Abhineet Goyal Image Source: https://discuss.fm/w/science


3

Top Ten Indian Scientists and their inventions

Dr. Neeraj Puri Faculty of Natural Sciences, GNA University, Phagwara, India

Science is an important part of our everyday life, even more so than we notice. From our fancy gadgets to the the technologies we can’t live without, from our humble light bulb to the space explorations, it is all gift of science and technology. I wonder what we would be doing if none of these things were invented. How often do we take out the time to think about those extra ordinary minds that made life easier for us? Here is a list of 14 Indian scientists who achieved a global recognition- 1. CV Raman

Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1930 for his pioneering work on scattering of light. Born in Tiruchirapalli on November 7, 1888, he was the first Asian and first non-White to receive any Nobel Prize in the sciences. Raman also worked on the acoustics of musical instruments. He was the first to investigate the harmonic nature of the sound of the Indian drums such as the tabla and the mridangam. He discovered that, when light traverses a transparent material, some of the deflected

light changes in wavelength. This phenomenon is now called the Raman scattering and is the result of the Raman effect. In October 1970, he collapsed in his laboratory. He was moved to a hospital and the doctors gave him four hours to live. He survived and after a few days refused to stay in the hospital as he preferred to die in the gardens of his Institute (the Raman Research Institute in Bangalore) surrounded by his flowers. He died of natural causes on 21 November 1970. Before dying, Raman told his students, Do not allow the journals of the Academy to die, for they are the sensitive indicators of the quality of Science being done in the country and whether science is taking root in it or not. 2. Homi J. Bhabha

Born on October 30, 1909 in Bombay, Homi Jehangir Bhabha played an important role in the Quantum Theory. He was the first person to become the Chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission of India. Having started his scientific career in nuclear physics from Great Britain, Bhabha returned to India and played a key role in convincing the Congress Party’s senior

A Digital monthly Newsletter of Faculty of Natural SciencesGNA University, Phagwara


4

leaders, most notably Jawaharlal Nehru, to start the ambitious nuclear programme. Bhabha is generally acknowledged as the father of Indian nuclear power. But few people know that he was absolutely against India manufacturing atomic bombs, even if the country had enough resources to do so. Instead he suggested that the production of an atomic reactor should be used to lessen India’s misery and poverty. He died when Air India Flight 101 crashed near Mont Blanc on 24 January 1966. Many possible theories of the crash came up including a conspiracy theory in which the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is involved in order to paralyze India’s nuclear program. 3. Visvesvaraya

Born on 15 September 1860, Sir Mokshagundam Visvesvaraya was a notable Indian engineer, scholar, statesman and the Diwan of Mysore during 1912 to 1918. He was a recipient of the Indian Republic’s highest honour, the Bharat Ratna. Sir M V suggested that India try to be at par with industrialized nations as he believed that India can become developed through industries. He has the credit of inventing ‘automatic sluice gates’ and ‘block irrigation system’ which are still considered to be marvels in engineering. Each year, his birthday 15 September is celebrated as Engineer’s Day in India. Since river beds were costly, he came up with an efficient way of filtering water through ‘Collector Wells’ in 1895 which was rarely seen anywhere in the world.

4. Venkatraman Radhakrishnan

Venkatraman Radhakrishnan was born on May 18, 1929 in Tondaripet, a suburb of Chennai. Venkataraman was a globally renowned space scientist and a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. He was an internationally acclaimed Astrophysicist and also known for his design and fabrication of ultralight aircraft and sailboats. His observations and theoretical insights helped the community in unraveling many mysteries surrounding pulsars, interstellar clouds, galaxy structures and various other celestial bodies. He died at the age of 81 in Bangalore. 5. S. Chandrashekar

Born on October 19, 1910 in Lahore, British India, he was awarded the 1983 Nobel Prize for Physics for his mathematical theory of black holes. The Chandrasekhar limit is named after him. He was nephew of CV Raman. Chandra became a United States citizen in 1953. His most celebrated work concerns the radiation of energy from stars, particularly white dwarf stars, which are the dying


5

fragments of stars. He died on August 21, 1995, at the age of 82 in Chicago. 6. Satyendra Nath Bose

Born on January 1, 1894 in Calcutta, SN Bose was an Indian physicist specialising in quantum mechanics. He is of course most remembered for his role played in the class of particles ‘bosons‘, which were named after him by Paul Dirac to commemorate his work in the field. Bose adapted a lecture at the University of Dhaka on the theory of radiation and the ultraviolet catastrophe into a short article called “Planck’s Law and the Hypothesis of Light Quanta” and sent it to Albert Einstein. Einstein agreed with him, translated Bose’s paper “Planck’s Law and Hypothesis of Light Quanta” into German, and had it published in Zeitschrift für Physik under Bose’s name, in 1924. This formed the basis of the Bose-Einstein Statistics. In 1937, Rabindranath Tagore dedicated his only book on science, Visva–Parichay, to Satyendra Nath Bose. The Government of India awarded him India’s second highest civilian award, the Padma Vibhushan in 1954. 7. Meghnad Saha

Born on October 6, 1893 in Dhaka, Bangladesh, Meghnad Saha’s best-known work concerned the thermal ionisation of elements, and it led him to formulate what is known as the Saha Equation. This equation is one of the basic tools for interpretation of the spectra of stars in astrophysics. By studying the spectra of various stars, one can find their temperature and from that, using Saha’s equation, determine the ionisation state of the various elements making up the star. He also invented an instrument to measure the weight and pressure of solar rays. But did you know, he was also the chief architect of river planning in India? He prepared the original plan for the Damodar Valley Project. 8. Srinivasa Ramanujan

Born on December 22, 1887 in Tamil Nadu, Ramanujam was an Indian mathematician and autodidact who, with almost no formal training in pure mathematics, made extraordinary contributions to mathematical analysis, number theory, infinite series, and continued fractions. By age 11, he had exhausted the mathematical knowledge of two college students who were lodgers at his home. He was later lent a book on advanced trigonometry written by S. L. Loney. He completely mastered this book by the age of 13 and discovered sophisticated theorems on his own. We hadn’t known before that he faced a lot of health problems while living in England due to scarcity of vegetarian food. He returned to India and died at a young age of 32. Ramanujan’s home state of Tamil Nadu celebrates 22 December (Ramanujan’s birthday) as ‘State IT Day’, memorializing both the man and his achievements.


6

9. Jagadish Chandra Bose

Acharya J.C. Bose was a man of many talents. Born on 30 November, 1858 in Bikrampur, West Bengal, he was a polymath, physicist, biologist, botanist and archaeologist. He pioneered the study of radio and microwave optics, made important contributions to the study of plants and laid the foundation of experimental science in the Indian sub-continent. He was the first person to use semiconductor junctions to detect radio signals, thus demonstrating wireless communication for the first time. What’s more, he is also probably the father of open technology, as he made his inventions and work freely available for others to further develop. His reluctance for patenting his work is legendary. Another of his well known inventions is the crescograph, through which he measured plant response to various stimuli and hypothesized that plants can feel pain, understand affection etc. While most of us are aware of his scientific prowess, we might not be aware of his talent as an early writer of science fiction! He is in fact considered the father of Bengali science fiction.

10. Vikram Sarabhai

Considered as the Father of India’s space programme, Vikram Sarabhai was born on on 12 August, 1919 in the city of Ahmedabad in Gujarat. He was instrumental in the setting up of the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO), when he successfully convinced the Indian government of the importance of a space programme for a developing nation after the launch of the Russian Sputnik, in this quote: There are some who question the relevance of space activities in a developing nation. To us, there is no ambiguity of purpose. We do not have the fantasy of competing with the economically advanced nations in the exploration of the moon or the planets or manned space-flight. But we are convinced that if we are to play a meaningful role nationally, and in the community of nations, we must be second to none in the application of advanced technologies to the real problems of man and society. He was awarded the Padma Bhushan in 1966 and the Padma Vubhushan after his death in 1972. While everyone knows of his primary role in the establishment of ISRO, perhaps many of us do not know that he was also the force behind the establishment of many other Indian institutes of repute, most notably the Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad (IIM-A) and the Nehru Foundation for Development.


7

11. Salim Ali

Sálim Moizuddin Abdul Ali, born on November 12, 1896 in Mumbai, was an ornithologist and a naturalist. Salim Ali was among the first Indians to conduct systematic bird surveys across India and his bird books helped develop ornithology in the sub-continent. This Birdman of India was the key figure behind the Bombay Natural History Society after 1947 and used his personal influence to garner government support for the organisation. He was awarded India’s second highest civilian honour, the Padma Vibhushan in 1976. 12. Har Gobind Khorana

Born on January 9, 1922 at Raipur village in West Punjab (now in Pakistan), Khorana was an Indian-American biochemist who shared the 1968 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine with Marshall W. Nirenberg and Robert W. Holley for research that helped to show how the order of nucleotides in nucleic acids, which carry the genetic code of the cell, control the cell’s synthesis of proteins. In 1970, Khorana became the first to synthesize an artificial gene in a living cell.

His work became the foundation for much of the later research in biotechnology and gene therapy. How many are aware that the University of Wisconsin-Madison, the Government of India (DBT Department of Biotechnology), and the Indo-US Science and Technology Forum jointly created the Khorana Program in 2007? The mission of the Khorana Program is to build a seamless community of scientists, industrialists, and social entrepreneurs in the United States and India. Khorana died of natural causes on November 9, 2011 at the age of 89. 13. Birbal Sahni

Born on November 14, 1891 in West Punjab, Sahni was an Indian paleobotanist who studied the fossils of the Indian subcontinent. He was also a geologist who took an interest in archaeology. His greatest contributions lie in the study of the plants of India in the present as well as the historical context. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of London (FRS) in 1936, the highest British scientific honor, awarded for the first time to an Indian botanist. He was a founder of The Paleobotanical Society which established the Institute of Palaeobotany on 10 September 1946 and which initially functioned in the Botany Department of Lucknow University. Sahni died on 10 April 1949 due to a heart attack.


8

14. APJ Abdul Kalam

Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam, born on October 15, 1931 is an Indian scientist who worked as an Aerospace engineer with Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO).

Kalam started his career by designing a small helicopter for the Indian Army. Kalam was also part of the INCOSPAR committee working under Vikram Sarabhai, the renowned space scientist. In 1969, Kalam was transferred to the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) where he was the project director of India’s first indigenous Satellite Launch Vehicle (SLV-III) which successfully deployed the Rohini satellite in near earth’s orbit in July 1980. He also served as the 11th President of India from 2002 to 2007. Kalam advocated plans to develop India into a developed nation by 2020 in his book India 2020. He has received several prestigious awards, including the Bharat Ratna, India’s highest civilian honour. Known for his love for children, did you know that Kalam had set a goal of meeting 100,000 students in the 2 years after his resignation from the role of scientific adviser in 1999? May he continue to inspire millions.


9

Mysteries of Father Christmas/Santa Claus 'solved' by relativity theory

Dr. Neeraj Puri Faculty of Natural Sciences, GNA University, Phagwara, India

The mystery of how Father Christmas (Santa Claus) can deliver presents to 700 million children in one night, fit down the chimney and arrive without being seen or heard has been 'solved' by a physicist at the University of Exeter. Santa and his reindeer zoom around the world at such speed that -- according to relativity theory -- they would shrink, enabling Father Christmas and a huge sack of presents to fit down chimneys. Dr Katy Sheen, a physicist in the Geography department at the University of Exeter, has also found a scientific explanation for why Santa is not heard arriving by children, and why they rarely catch a glimpse of him on Christmas eve. She recently explained to children at the University of Exeter that Santa's stealth delivery is partly explained by special relativity theory devised by Albert Einstein, whom Dr Sheen thinks bares a passing resemblance to Santa. Relativity theory explains how Father Christmas can fit down the chimney. At the speeds he needs to travel to deliver presents to every child, Father Christmas shrinks -- or gets thinner -- in the direction he is travelling. And he has to be careful not to stop for a mince pie in a chimney, or he could grow

back to full size!

Dr Sheen told children at the University of Exeter's Science of Christmas Festival on Dec. 14 that relativity also explains why Father Christmas appears not to have aged throughout the ages, because relativity can slow down clocks. When Dr Sheen was seven years old she wrote a letter to Father Christmas asking why he never got any older (letter attached). She received a response in shaky handwriting telling her it was 'all magic'. But the budding physicist was not convinced and wanted a rational explanation -- which 26 years later she has now found. As evidence of how Father Christmas's enormously fast delivery round has kept the years off him, she will present a picture of St Nicholas from 1901 and a photo from this year to the children at her talk. The physicist has calculated that Santa and his reindeer would have to travel at about 10 million kilometres per hour to deliver presents to every child expected to celebrate Christmas in 31 hours (taking into account world time zones). If millions of children have been good, and deserve bigger stockings, he may need to travel even faster. Such speed would make him change from red to green and, at greater



10

speeds, he would disappear! Children would not be able to recognise him as he would appear as a rainbow-coloured blur, eventually disappearing to the human eye. Travelling at more than 200,000 times faster than Usain Bolt, the world's fastest man, the laws of physics explain why Father Christmas is rarely seen by children while delivering presents. The Doppler effect would make Santa change colour because the light waves he releases would get squashed at such a high speed. The Doppler effect also explains why children cannot hear Father Christmas arrive. As Santa and his sleigh approach, the sound of bells and his deep 'ho, ho, ho' would get higher and higher (like when an ambulance siren whizzes by) and then become completely silent, because he would move beyond human hearing range. Even the sound of Santa urging on Rudolph would become unrecognisable, and then inaudible to the human ear. If children hear a bang on Christmas night, it may not be the sound of Santa dropping his presents, landing on their roof in his sleigh, or sliding down the chimney with a plop. Santa's reindeer could have broken the speed of sound, resulting in a 'sonic boom.' Dr Sheen, a physicist working in the University of Exeter's Geography department, is not planning to present her research to a peer-reviewed journal (it's prepared with the festive spirit in mind), and has done the calculations in her own time to interest children in science and physics.

Sheen will demonstrate the impact of the Doppler Effect -- which would make Santa able to deliver his presents without detection -- by letting the children listen to the sound of a speeding ambulance, even though it is much slower than Father Christmas and his sleigh. The Doppler Effect is responsible for making a siren, such as on an ambulance or a police car, increase in pitch as it comes towards you and lower pitched as it drives away. This is because the wave length changes when it moves towards and away from you. Dr Sheen calculated how fast Father Christmas would have to travel by working out the number of households likely to be celebrating Christmas around the world, along with the number of children likely to be in them. She hopes her explanation for Santa's stealth delivery system -- and therefore his very existence -- will inspire children to take a greater interest in physics, and put a science kit on the list of presents they want in their stockings. "Visiting around 700 million children in 31 hours would mean he would have to travel at 10 million kilometres an hour if he is to deliver presents to every child," Dr Sheen said. "How does Santa manage to reach these phenomenal speeds? Well that's magic! However, he would certainly need a lot of fuel -- so don't forget his glass of sherry, a mince pie or two and some carrots for the reindeer!" Reference:- https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/12/161214115137.htm

GU Science Review Vol. 2- Issue 1 January, 2017

11

Physicists confirm possible discovery of fifth force of nature

Ms.ManpardeepKaur Faculty of Natural Sciences, GNA University, Phagwara, India

Recent findings indicating the possible discovery of a previously unknown subatomic particle may be evidence of a fifth fundamental force of nature, according to a paper published in the journal Physical Review Letters by theoretical physicists at the University of California, Irvine.

"If confirmed by further experiments, this discovery of a possible fifth force would completely change our understanding of the universe," says UCI professor of physics & astronomy Jonathan Feng, including what holds together galaxies such as this spiral one, called NGC 6814. Credit: ESA/Hubble & NASA; Acknowledgement: Judy Schmidt "If true, it's revolutionary," said Jonathan Feng, professor of physics & astronomy. "For decades, we've known of four fundamental forces: gravitation, electromagnetism, and the strong and weak nuclear forces. If confirmed by further experiments, this discovery of a possible fifth force would completely change our understanding of the universe, with consequences for the unification of forces and dark matter." The UCI researchers came upon a mid-2015 study by experimental nuclear physicists at the Hungarian Academy of Sciences who were searching for "dark photons," particles that would signify unseen

dark matter, which physicists say makes up about 85 percent of the universe's mass. The Hungarians' work uncovered a radioactive decay anomaly that points to the existence of a light particle just 30 times heavier than an electron. "The experimentalists weren't able to claim that it was a new force," Feng said. "They simply saw an excess of events that indicated a new particle, but it was not clear to them whether it was a matter particle or a force-carrying particle." The UCI group studied the Hungarian researchers' data as well as all other previous experiments in this area and showed that the evidence strongly disfavors both matter particles and dark photons. They proposed a new theory, however, that synthesizes all existing data and determined that the discovery could indicate a fifth fundamental force. The UCI work demonstrates that instead of being a dark photon, the particle may be a "protophobic X boson." While the normal electric force acts on electrons and protons, this newfound boson interacts only with electrons and neutrons - and at an extremely limited range. Analysis co-author Timothy Tait, professor of physics & astronomy, said, "There's no other boson that we've observed that has this same characteristic. Sometimes we also just call it the 'X boson,' where 'X' means unknown." Feng noted that further experiments are crucial. "The particle is not very heavy, and laboratories have had the energies required to make it since the '50s and '60s," he said. "But the reason it's been hard to find is that its interactions are very feeble. That said, because the new particle is so light, there are many experimental groups working in small labs around the world that can follow up the


GU Science Review Vol. 2- Issue 1 January, 2017

12

initial claims, now that they know where to look." Like many scientific breakthroughs, this one opens entirely new fields of inquiry. One direction that intrigues Feng is the possibility that this potential fifth force might be joined to the electromagnetic and strong and weak nuclear forces as "manifestations of one grander, more fundamental force." Citing physicists' understanding of the standard model, Feng speculated that there may also be a separate dark sector with its own matter and forces.

"It's possible that these two sectors talk to each other and interact with one another through somewhat veiled but fundamental interactions," he said. "This dark sector force may manifest itself as this protophobic forcewe're seeing as a result of the Hungarian experiment. In a broader sense, it fits in with our original research to understand the nature of dark matter." Reference:- https://phys.org/news/2016-08-physicists-discovery-nature.html#jCp


13

Self-assembling particles brighten future of LED lighting

Ms. Manila Faculty of Natural Sciences, GNA University, Phagwara, India

Just when lighting aficionados were in a dark place, LEDs came to the rescue. Over the past decade, LED technologieshave swept the lighting industry by offering features such as durability, efficiency and long life.Princeton engineering researchers have illuminated another path forward for LED technologies by refining the manufacturing of light sources made with crystalline substances known as perovskites, a more efficient and potentially lower-cost alternative to materials used in LEDs found on store shelves. The researchers developed a technique in which nanoscaleperovskite particles self-assemble to produce more efficient, stable and durable perovskite-based LEDs. Barry Rand an assistant professor of electrical engineering and the AndlingerCenter for Energy and Environment at Princeton said "The performance of perovskites in solar cells has really taken off in recent years, and they have properties that give them a lot of promise for LEDs, but the inability to create uniform and bright nanoparticle perovskite films has limited their potential.

LEDs emit light when voltage is applied across the LED. When the light is turned on, electrical current forces electrons from the negative side of the diode to the positive side. This releases energy in the form of light. LEDs operate best when this current can be strictly controlled. In Rand's devices, the thin nanoparticle-based films allowed just that. LEDs have many advantages over incandescent bulbs, including durability, longer life, smaller size, energy efficiency and low-heat. While they are still more expensive than fluorescent lights for room illumination, they are more energy efficient, light up faster and present fewer environmental concerns related to disposal. Rand's team and others researchers are exploring perovskites as a potential lower-cost alternative to gallium nitride (GaN) and other materials used in LED manufacturing. Lower-cost LEDs would speed the acceptance of the bulbs, reducing energy use and environmental impacts. Perovskite is a mineral originally discovered in the mid-1800s in Russia and named in honor of the Russian mineralogist Lev Perovski. The term "perovskite" extends to a class of compounds that share the crystalline structure of Perovski's mineral, a distinct combination of cuboid and diamond shapes. Perovskites exhibit a number of intriguing properties—they can be superconductive or semiconductive, depending on their structure—that make them promising materials for use in electrical devices. In their new paper, Rand and his team report that the use of an additional type of organic ammonium halide, and in particular a long-chain ammonium halide, to the perovskite solution during production dramatically constrained the formation of crystals in the



14

film. The resulting crystallites were much smaller (around 5-10 nanometers across) than those generated with previous methods, and the halide perovskite films were far thinner and smoother. This led to better external quantum efficiency, meaning the LEDs emitted more photons per number of electrons entering the device. The films were also more stable that those produced by other methods. Russell Holmes, a professor of materials science and engineering at the University of Minnesota, said the Princeton research brings perovskite-based LEDs closer to commercialization.

"Their ability to control the processing of the perovskite generated ultra-flat, nano-crystalline thin films suitable for high efficiency devices," said Holmes, who was not involved in the research. "This elegant and general processing scheme will likely have broad application to other perovskite active materials and device platforms." Reference:https://phys.org/news/2017-01-self-assembling-particles-brighten-future.html


15

Scientists Find the Elusive Neurons Give Bats Their Internal GPS

Ms. Jasmit Kaur

Faculty of Natural Sciences, GNA University, Phagwara, India

Scientists have discovered a new kind of neuron in bats that allows them to figure out their angle and distance to a location, a new study in Nature reports. Though a lot about the neurons is known that help animals locate themselves in space, or even the direction their head is facing, most research into navigation cells has been done with rats, who crawl close to walls to direct themselves. Bats, on the other hand, fly, so their internal GPS needs to be far more complex. In an experiment, researchers placed bananas in the middle of a room, and released large Egyptian fruit bats into the space. The bats' brains were hooked up to sensors that could track which neurons were firing as they traveled around the room. The scientists found, astonishingly, that some neurons fired more frequently when the bats were at the correct angle to access the food, and others fired morefrequently the closer the bat got to the target.

Another repetition of the experiment hid the bananas behind an opaque curtain, which deflected sonar and kept in odors. The bats found the fruit anyway, and scientists found that as they were flying to get it, the same neurons fired, meaning that these neurons are trained by memory, and are not reacting directly to stimuli. Bats have brain cells that keep track of their angle and distance to a target, researchers have discovered. The neurons, called ‘vector cells’, are a key piece of the mammalian’s brain complex navigation system — and something that neuroscientists have been seeking for years.These vector neurons were found in the hippocampus, one of the most studied parts of the brain, a discovery that astonished scientists. This research complicates the understanding of how our might brains navigate. The location of the vector neurons in the hippocampus, and the experiment with the curtain both suggest that navigation has a lot to do with memory. This could shed light on why people with Alzheimer's are more likely to get lost, as the disease attacks their memories. It's an exciting finding that could trigger a much greater understanding of how the brain understands space. Reference:- www.nature.com



16

Researchers create new way to trap dangerous gases

Ms.Pawanjeet Kaur Faculty of Natural Sciences, GNA University, Phagwara, India

A team of researchers at The University of Texas at Dallas has developed a novel method for trapping potentially harmful gases within microscopic organo-metallic structures. These

metal organic frameworks or MOFs are made of different building blocks composed of metal ion centres and organic linker molecules. Together they form a honeycomb-like structure that can trap gases within each comb, or pore.

The tiny nano-scale structures also have the potential to trap various emissions from things as immense as coal factories and as small as cars and trucks. However, there are some molecules that are simply too weakly adsorbed to remain contained within the MOF scaffolding. Adsorption describes how an extremely thin layer of molecules (as of gases, solutes or liquids) can cling to the surfaces of solid bodies or liquids.These structures have the ability to store gases, but some gases are too weakly bound and cannot be trapped for any substantial length of time.

After studying this problem, researchers decided to try to introduce a molecule that can

cap the outer surface of each MOF crystal in the same way bees seal their honeycombs with wax to keep the honey from spilling out.In this case, they introduced vapours of a molecule called Ethylenediamine, or EDA, that created a monolayer, effectively sealing the MOF "honeycomb" and trapping gases such as carbon dioxide, Sulfur dioxide and nitric oxide within.This monolayer is less than 1 nanometer in thickness, or less than half the size of a single strand of DNA.

To quantify how much gas was trapped and remained in the EDA-capped MOF structures;researchers used time-resolved, in-situ infrared spectroscopy, testing the efficiency of this molecular "cork" to trap weakly adsorbed gases.The presence of the gas molecules adsorbed in the MOF was displayed on a nearby computer screen as inverted peaks, which revealed that EDA vapour was able to effectively retain the greenhouse gas CO2 for up to a day.Potential applications of this finding could include storage and release of hydrogen or natural gas to run your car, or in industrial uses where the frameworks could trap and separate dangerous gases to keep them from entering the atmosphere. They found that a mild exposure to water vapour would disrupt the monolayer, penetrate the framework and fully release the entrapped vapours at room temperature. Such selectivity of the EDA membrane opens up new options for managing gas emissions.

Reference: http://www.utdallas.edu/news/2016/12/14-32357_Jonsson-School-Scientists-Create-New-Way-to-Trap-D-_story-wide.html



17

Fourier Analysis of Ocean Tides I

Ms. Sucheta Jain


The United States National Oceanic and

Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has an excellent site: About Water Levels, Tides and Currents. Dean

Pentcheff's WWW Tide and Currect Predictor gives today's tides for many locations. The NOAA gives One year predictions for a large number of U.S. sites. Main reference for this column has been Paul Schureman, Manual of Harmonic Analysis and Prediction of Tides, U.S. Department of Commerce, Coast and Geodetic Survey, Special Publication No. 98, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington.

1. Ocean Tides

Tides in the Bay of Fundy: Hall's Harbour, Nova Scotia

and Hall's Harbour, six hours later. Images courtesy Nova Scotia Tourism Office.Going

into or out of a harbor, or anchoring near a shore, one need to know in advance about the behavior of the tide. Here is what happened to Julius Caesar when he first landed in Britain,

in 55 B.C. In his own words: ``That night happened to be the night of a full moon, when the Atlantic has the highest tides, and we did not know this. So the longships, which had been pulled up on the beach, were swamped, while the supply ships, moored to anchors, were tossed about by the storm; there was no way for us to control the situation or to help. Many of the ships were broken up, and the rest of them, having lost lines, anchors and the rest of their equipment, were useless for sailing. As was inevitable, this produced a great disquiet in the army. There were no other ships to take them back, everything was lacking that could be used for ship repair, and there was no provision of wheat for the winter, since all had understood that we would be wintering in Gaul."

The expedition was cut short by this disaster.

The tide is caused by the pull of the sun and the moon on the oceans, and the rotation of the earth, but its exact pattern at any particular spot on the coast depends on the shape of the coastline and on the profile of the sea floor nearby. So even though the forces that move the tide are completely understood, the tides at any one spot are essentially impossible to calculate theoretically. What we can do is record the height of the tide at that spot over a certain period of time, and use these measurements to predict the tides at that spot in the future.



18

This process is of mathematical interest, because the tidal record is not periodic.

The tidal force is governed by a small number of astronomical motions which are themselves periodic, but since the various frequencies have no whole-number ratios between them, the whole configuration never repeats itself exactly. Nevertheless, a geometric analysis of the problem shows that the tidal force can be expressed as a finite sum of periodic functions whose frequencies are known (they are in fact small integral linear combinations of the astronomical frequencies). Once this is established, Fourier analysis can be applied to the tidal record from any port using this finite number of frequencies as a basis.

Modern tidal analysis and prediction in all its mathematical and mechanical detail is due to Sir William Thomson (later Lord Kelvin), around 1867. The theory rests on earlier work by Laplace, Young and Airy.

This is the first of three columns on the subject. This one treats the geometric analysis mentioned above. Part II will cover the Fourier analysis of the tidal record. Part III will examine the problem of synthesis, and in particular the tidal predicting machines devised by Kelvin and his collaborators. These mechanisms, monuments of 19th-century ingenuity, were only relatively recently replaced by digital computers in preparing the official U.S. tide predictions.

GU Science Review Vol. 2- Issue 1January, 2017

19

Responsive filtration membranes by polymer self-assembly

Mr. JitenderDhiman


Polymers are every essential material in modern life. Large number of equipment is synthesized using different types of polymers.Self-assembly of polymers is a crucial tool for manufacturing membranes using scalable methods, enabling easier commercialization. This review surveys approaches to impart stimuli-responsive behavior to membrane filters using polymer self-assembly. Researchers studied the developments in stimuli-responsive membranes alongwith membrane manufacturingby polymer self-assembly. Present article discussed stimuli- responsive membrane manufacturing processes and their stimuli-responsive behaviors. Today, the most common method of manufacture for most ultrafiltration (UF) membranes is the non-solvent-induced phase separation (NIPS) process. In NIPS, a polymer solution is cast on a solid substrate and then immersed in a coagulation bath filled with a non-solvent or a mixture of non-solvents. The non-solvent in the coagulation bath diffuses into the polymeric solution and the solvent diffuses into the non-solvent bath in de-mixing process, which essentially is an exchange between the solvents. UF membranes with their nanometer-scale pores allow for the size-based separation of different components. Yet, all NIPS-prepared membranes with mesoporous skins display a fairly broad pore size distribution in their selective layer, which is a bottleneck in selectivity for size-based separations.

Polymer self-assembly, in which polymer chemistry and physics act in concert to create well-defined nanometer-scale features acting as pores, offers the benefit of improved size-based selectivity. Several researchers have investigated processes that are scalable and compatible with the conventional NIPS process that take advantage of this. Membrane preparation by NIPS using stimuli-responsivepolymers, copolymers and polymer-additive mixtures is an attractive approach in developing responsive membranes. The conformation/polarity/reactivityof responsive polymers or functional groups integrated in the pore structure changes in response to the stimuli they are designed for enabling their use in systems or devices that require switchable and on-demand material properties. Based on the particular behavior and application, polymers can be custom designed to respond to different external stimuli such as temperature, pH, magnetic or electric fields, ionic strength, added saccharides, antigen binding, or light. Furthermore, membranes that respond to multiple types of stimuli can be developed by incorporation of different stimuli-responsive functionalities in the polymer, to respond, e.g., to both pH and temperature. Source:https://phys.org/news/2016-12-responsive-filtration-membranes-polymer-self-assembly.html



Mathematicians bring ocean to life for Disney’s ‘Moana

Ms.Deepika Mahajan Faculty of Natural Sciences, GNA University, Phagwara, India

UCLA mathematics professor Joseph Teran, a Walt Disney consultant on animated movies since 2007, is under no illusion that artists want lengthy mathematics lessons, but many of them realize that the success of animated movies often depends on advanced mathematics.

"In general, the animators and artists at the studios want as little to do with mathematics and physics as possible, but the demands for realism in animated movies are so high," Teran said. "Things are going to look fake if you don't at least start with the correct physics and mathematics for many materials, such as water and snow. If the physics and mathematics are not simulated accurately, it will be very glaring that something is wrong with the animation of the material." Teran and his research team have helped infuse realism into several Disney movies, including "Frozen," where they used science to animate snow scenes. Most recently, they applied their knowledge of math, physics and computer science to enliven the new 3-D computer-animated hit, "Moana," a tale about an adventurous

teenage girl who is drawn to the ocean and is inspired to leave the safety of her island on a daring journey to save her people. Alexey Stomakhin, a former UCLA doctoral student of Teran's and Andrea Bertozzi's, played an important role in the making of "Moana." After earning his Ph.D. in applied mathematics in 2013, he became a senior software engineer at Walt Disney Animation Studios. Working with Disney's effects artists, technical directors and software developers, Stomakhin led the development of the code that was used to simulate the movement of water in "Moana," enabling it to play a role as one of the characters in the film. "The increased demand for realism and complexity in animated movies makes it preferable to get assistance from computers; this means we have to simulate the movement of the ocean surface and how the water splashes, for example, to make it look believable," Stomakhin explained. "There is a lot of mathematics, physics and computer science under the hood. That's what we do." "Moana" has been praised for its stunning visual effects in words the mathematicians love hearing. "Everything in the movie looks almost real, so the movement of the water has to look real too, and it does," Teran said. "'Moana' has the best water effects I've ever seen, by far." Stomakhin said his job is fun and "super-interesting, especially when we cheat physics and step beyond physics. It's almost like building your own universe with your own laws of physics and trying to simulate that universe.



"Disney movies are about magic, so magical things happen which do not exist in the real world," said the software engineer. "It's our job to add some extra forces and other tricks to help create those effects. If you have an understanding of how the real physical laws work, you can push parameters beyond physical limits and change equations slightly; we can predict the consequences of that." To make animated movies these days, movie studios need to solve, or nearly solve, partial differential equations. Stomakhin, Teran and their colleagues build the code that solves the partial differential equations. More accurately, they write algorithms that closely approximate the partial differential equations because they cannot be solved perfectly. "We try to come up with new algorithms that have the highest-quality metrics in all possible categories, including preserving angular momentum perfectly and preserving energy perfectly. Many algorithms don't have these properties," Teran said. Stomakhin was also involved in creating the ocean's crashing waves that have to break at a certain place and time. That task required him to get creative with physics and use other tricks. "You don't allow physics to completely guide it," he said. "You allow the wave to break only when it needs to break." Depicting boats on waves posed additional challenges for the scientists. "It's easy to simulate a boat traveling through a static lake, but a boat on waves is much more challenging to simulate," Stomakhin said. "We simulated the fluid around the boat; the challenge was to blend that fluid with the rest of the ocean. It can't look like the boat is splashing in a little swimming pool—the blend needs to be seamless."

The movement of water was precisely choreographed by mathematicians who applied principles of physics and mathematics to the task. Credit: Walt Disney Animation Studios Stomakhin spent more than a year developing the code and understanding the physics that allowed him to achieve this effect. "It's nice to see the great visual effect, something you couldn't have achieved if you hadn't designed the algorithm to solve physics accurately," said Teran, who has taught an undergraduate course on scientific computing for the visual-effects industry. While Teran loves spectacular visual effects, he said the research has many other scientific applications as well. It could be used to simulate plasmas, simulate 3-D printing or for surgical simulation, for example. Teran is using a related algorithm to build virtual livers to substitute for the animal livers that surgeons train on. He is also using the algorithm to study traumatic leg injuries. Teran describes the work with Disney as "bread-and-butter, high-performance computing for simulating materials, as mechanical engineers and physicists at national laboratories would. Simulating water for a movie is not so different, but there are, of course, small tweaks to make the water visually compelling. We don't have a separate branch of research for computer graphics. We create new algorithms that work for simulating wide ranges of materials." Teran, Stomakhin and three other applied mathematicians—Chenfanfu Jiang, Craig


Schroeder and Andrew Selle—also developed a state-of-the-art simulation method for fluids in graphics, called APIC, based on months of calculations. It allows for better realism and stunning visual results. Jiang is a UCLA postdoctoral scholar in Teran's laboratory, who won a 2015 UCLA best dissertation prize. Schroeder is a former UCLA postdoctoral scholar who worked with Teran and is now at UC Riverside. Selle, who worked at Walt Disney Animation Studios, is now at Google.

Their newest version of APIC has been accepted for publication by the peer-reviewed Journal of Computational Physics. "Alexey is using ideas from high-performance computing to make movies," Teran said, "and we are contributing to the scientific community by improving the algorithm." Reference:https://phys.org/news/2017-01-mathematicians-ocean-life-disney-moana.html#jCp


Top 10 Indian Mathematicians & their inventions

Mr. Yogesh Bhalla Faculty of Natural Sciences, GNA University, Phagwara, India

From making purchases to allocating your monthly pocket money to measuring quantities while cooking, all of us use math in our day-to-day activities even without realizing it. Have you ever wondered how these magical mathematical concepts have arrived & who are the people behind their invention?

1) Aryabhata

Aryabhata was the first person to say that the Earth is spherical and it revolves around the sun & stated the correct number of days in a year that is 365. He also gave the

formula (a + b)2 = a2 + b2 + 2ab. Further, he worked on the place value system using letters to signify numbers and stating qualities.

2) Brahmagupta

Introduction of zero (0) to mathematics, which stood for “nothing”, was the biggest contribution of Brahmagupta. He also explained how to find the cube and cube-root of an integer and gave rules

facilitating the computation of squares and square roots.

3) Srinivasa Ramanujan

Srinivasa Ramanujan was one of India's greatest mathematical geniuses. He made substantial contributions to Hardy- Ramanujan Littlewood

circle method in number theory and worked on elliptic functions, continued fractions, partial sums, products of hyper geometric series and infinite series.

4) P.C. Mahalanobis

Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis’s most significant contribution in the field of statistics was the Mahalanobis Distance. Besides these he had also made pioneering studies

in the field of anthropometry and had founded the Indian Statistical Institute. He also contributed to the design of large scale sample surveys in India.

5) C.R. Rao

Calyampudi Radhakrishna Rao, popularly known as C R Rao is a well-known statistician, famous for his “theory of estimation”. His contributions to

statistical theory and applications are well known, and many of his results, which bear his name, are included in the



curriculum of courses in statistics at bachelor's and master's level all over the world.

6) D. R. Kaprekar

Dattaraya Ramchandra Kaprekar was an Indian recreational mathematician who described several classes of natural numbers including the Kaprekar,

Harshad and self-numbers and discovered the Kaprekar constant, named after him. Without any formal mathematical education, he published extensively and was very well known in recreational mathematics circle.

7) Harish Chandra:-

Harish-Chandra FRS was an Indian American mathematician and physicist who did fundamental work in

representation theory, especially harmonic analysis on semi-simple Lie groups.

8) Satyendra Nath Bose

Known for his collaboration with Albert Einstein, Satyendra Nath Bose established modern theoretical

physics in India. Bose made significant advances in statistical mechanics and quantum statistics, the description of all forces by a single field theory, x-ray diffraction and the interaction of electromagnetic waves with the ionosphere.

9) Bhāskara

Bhāskara, an Indian astronomer and mathematician helped to

disseminate the mathematical work of Aryabhata. He was the one who declared that any number divided by zero is infinity and that the sum of any number and infinity is also infinity. He is also famous for his book “Siddhanta Siromani”.

10) Narendra Karmarkar

Karmarkar's algorithm is an algorithm introduced by Narendra Karmarkar in 1984 for solving linear

programming problems. He is also listed as an ISI highly cited researcher.

Apart from the above mentioned, there are many other famous Indian mathematicians who contributed to the origin of mathematics. They have made several contributions to mathematics that have significantly influenced scientists and mathematicians in the modern era.

Invariably, Mathematics also forms an integral part of your IIT-JEE preparation and many other entrance examinations across the globe. Mathematics teaching has a crucial role in engineering education. The recent developments in technology have caused variation in teaching mathematics of engineering students and have brought with them the use of modern techniques and methods.

Reference:-http://www.famous-mathematicians.com/top-10-indian-mathematicians-contributions/


How a ‘rather dull’ taxi number inspired Ramanujan to make a math discovery decades ahead of his time

Ms. Manjit Kaur


By 1918, the Indian born, self-thought mathematical genius Srinivasa Ramanujan was already making headlines all over the world, recognized as one of the most brilliant mathematician of his time. He was born into a poor Brahman family, and with no formal education. Luckily he came across a couple textbook maths, and since he didn’t have enough material, Ramanujan had to find solutions to problems on his own. While still a teenager, Ramanujan independently stated 6,165 theorems, some already known to Western mathematicians, others completely new. In 1914 he arrived at Cambridge on a scholarship, at the insistence of a professor called G. H. Hardy. Ramanujan’s time in England was most fruitful, expressing his talents in continued fractions and hypergeometric series. His health was another matter, and Ramanujan sadly fell ill with tuberculosis. One day, Hardy visited Ramanujan at the hospital as he regularly had before, stepping out of a black cab with the number 1729, “rather a dull one,” Hardy said as he met Ramanujan. The great mathematician begged to differ.

“No, Hardy, it’s a very interesting number! It’s the smallest number expressible as the sum of two cubes in two different ways.” Ramanujan had a fantastic memory and intuition about numbers. In the case of 1729, the number can be written as 1 cubed + 12 cubed and 9 cubed + 10 cubed. There’s no smaller integer that can be written as the

sum of two cubes. The incident launched the “Hardy-Ramanujan number,” or “taxi-cab number”, a mathematical oddity which had mathematicians fascinated to this day. Only six other taxi-cab numbers have been found that share the same properties (smallest numbers which are the sum of cubes in n different ways).

But 1729 wasn’t just some quirky mathematical tidbit with no practical value, apart from entertaining mathematicians and Futurama fans. Ken Ono, a number theorist at Emory University, was perusing the Ramanujan archive while visiting Cambridge. He found notes scribbled by Ramanujan a year after Hardy told him all about his dull taxi number.

“From the bottom of one of the boxes in the archive, I pulled out one of Ramanujan’s deathbed notes,” Ono recalls. “The page mentioned 1729 along with some notes



about it. Andrew and I realized that he had found infinitely near misses for Fermat’s Last Theorem for exponent 3. We were shocked by that, and actually started laughing. That was the first tip-off that Ramanujan had discovered something much larger.” Ramanujan used an elliptic curve – a cubic equation and two variables where the largest degree is 3 – to show that there are infinity many solutions that are near misses to solving the equation. It wasn’t a direct proof of Fermat’s last theorem, but it was pretty close – all inspired by 1729. In doing so,

Ramanujan found something remarkable: a K3 surface – objects used in string theory and quantum physics. The thing is, K3 surfaces were first described, let alone named, in the 1950s or decades after Ramanujan’s untimely death in 1920. Reference: http://www.zmescience.com/science/math/taxi-number-ramanujan-03213/


27

Some Parts of Body Stay 'Alive' After Death

Ms. Manjot Kaur

B.Sc. Hons(Chemistry) Semester-2nd Even after someone is declared dead, life continues in the body, suggests a surprising new study with important implications. Gene expression -- When information stored in DNA is converted into instructions for making proteins or other molecules — actually increases in some cases after death, according to the new paper, which tracked postmortem activity and is published in the journal Open Biology. "Not all cells are 'dead' when an organism dies," senior author Peter Noble of the University of Washington and Alabama State University told Seeker. "Different cell types have different life spans, generation times and resilience to extreme stress. "In fact, some cells seem to fight to live after the organism has died. "It is likely that some cells remain alive and are attempting to repair themselves, specifically stem cells” Signs of Cellular Life

The international team of scientists, led by Alex Pozhitkov, studied zebra fish and mice and believe that the phenomenon occurs in all animals, including humans.

Gene transcription — the first step of gene expression, where a segment of DNA is copied into RNA — associated with stress, immunity, inflammation,

cancer and other factors increased after death. And this could happen within hours or even days after the individual as a whole was declared dead.

Interestingly, gene transcription linked to embryonic development also increased. It's as though parts of the body essentially go back in time, exhibiting cellular characteristics of very early human development.

The Twilight of Death

The researchers identified a "step-wise shutdown" after death where some gene transcriptions diminished while others became more abundant. While the precise steps have yet to be defined, the scientists do not believe the process is random.

"Death is a time-dependent process," "We have framed our discussion of death in reference to 'postmortem time' because on the one hand, there is no reason to suspect that minutes after an animal dies, gene transcription will abruptly stop."

"On the other hand, "we know that within hours to days, the animal's body will



28

eventually decompose by natural processes and gene transcription will end." The authors referred to the window of time between "death and the start of decomposition as the 'twilight of death' — when gene expression occurs, but not all of the cells are dead yet." For years, researchers have noted that recipients of donor organs, such as livers, often exhibit increased risk of cancer following a transplant. The authors indicate there could be a link between "twilight of death" gene transcription and this increased cancer risk.

"It might be useful to prescreen transplant organs for increased cancer gene transcripts, " which might offer some insight on the health of the organ, though more research is needed.

If such a connection is established, the findings could help to explain why the donated organs of people who were young and healthy before death — for example, if they died in a sudden accident — could still lead to increased risk of cancer in the organ recipient.

Since gene transcription associated with cancer and inflammation also can increase postmortem, analyzing those activities and patterns could shed light on how these health problems arise in the living and

how the body reacts once they have been established.

Ashim Malhotra, an assistant professor at Pacific University Oregon who was not involved with the study, said "one would expect genes involved in immunity and inflammation to [increase in response to a stimulus] right after... death because some cells remain alive for a short time and the transcriptional machinery is still operating in 'life mode.'"

Malhotra was nevertheless surprised that the process happened between 24 to 48 hours after death. The researchers concluded their investigations after that upper time limit, so the transcription could potentially go on for longer than two days. Perhaps certain cells live longer than we think, but there could be another explanation that has not yet been considered.

"In spirit, death is probably more like turning a computer off and much less like turning a light bulb off," referring to the computer-like step-by-step shutdown and intricacies involved. "

Reference:-http://www.livescience.com/57638-parts-of-body-alive-after-death.html

GU Science Review Vol. 2 - Issue 1, January, 2017

29

Nuclear forces reduced while modernizations continue, says SIPRI Arshpreet Kaur

B.Sc. Hons (Mathematics) Semester-4th According to a new report from the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), nine nations - the United States, Russia, United Kingdom, France, China, India, Pakistan, Israel and North Korea - possess approximately 16,300 nuclear weapons in their collectively. Under the Treaty on Measures for the Further Reduction and Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms (New START) , Russia and the United States have reduced their inventories but still account for more than 93% of all operational nuclear warheads. SIPRI notes that " all five legally recognized nuclear weapon states - China, France, Russia, the UK and the USA- are either deploying new nuclear weapon delivery systems or have announced programs to do so." Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) today launches its annual nuclear forces data, which assesses the current trends and developments in world nuclear arsenals. The data shows that while

the overall number of nuclear weapons in the world continues to decline, none of the nuclear weaponAt the start of 2014 nine states—the United States, Russia, the United Kingdom, France, China, India, Pakistan, Israel and North Korea—possessed approximately 4000 operational nuclear weapons. If all nuclear warheads are counted, these states together possessed a total of approximately 16 300 nuclear weapons (see table 1) compared to 17 270 in early 2013.

Reductions slow and modernizations continue Over the past five years there has been a steady decline in the overall number of nuclear warheads in the world (see table 2). The decrease is due mainly to Russia and the USA—which together still account for more than 93 per cent of all nuclear weapons—further reducing their inventories of strategic nuclear weapons under the terms of the Treaty on Measures for the Further Reduction and Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms (New START). At the same time, all five legally recognized nuclear weapon states—China, France, Russia, the UK and the USA—are either deploying new nuclear weapon delivery systems or have announced programmes to do so. India and Pakistan continue to develop new systems capable of delivering nuclear weapons and are expanding their capacities to produce fissile material for military purposes.

There is an emerging consensus in the expert community that North Korea has produced a small number of nuclear weapons, as distinct from rudimentary nuclear explosive devices. Resources:-http://www.businessinsider.in/Nine-Nations-Have-Nukes-Heres-How-Many-Each-Country-Has/articleshow/36724379.cms https://www.sipri.org/media/newsletter/2017-january


GU Science Review Vol. 2 - Issue 1, January, 2017

30

FACULTY GET TOGETHERs The Faculty of Natural Sciences had celebrated New Year 2017 on 2nd January, 2017. The department had visited Gurudwara Sahib, Hargobindgarh on 28th December and had celebrated Birthdays of Faculty members Ms. Deepika Mahajan and Ms. Pawanjeet Kaur on 4th January in university premises.



31

Visit to Gurudwara Sahib, Hargobindgarh



32

Birthday Celebrations



33

Birthday List of Faculty Members

Sr. No. Name of Faculty Member Birthday

1 Ms. Deepika Mahajan 4th Jan. 2 Ms. Pawanjeet Kaur 5th Jan 3 Ms. Jasmit Kaur 15th April 4 Ms. Manjit Kaur 18th April 5 Ms. Shikha Batish 4th May 6 Ms. Sucheta Jain 14th June 7 Mr. Amarjeet Singh 24th June 8 Ms. Manila Sethi 4th July 9 Mr. Yogesh Bhalla 11th July 10 Ms. Manpardeep Kaur 21st July 11 Dr. Neeraj Puri 14th Oct 12 Dr. Abhineet Goyal 7th Nov. 13 Mr. Jitender Dhiman 20th Dec.


Documents

FACULTY OF NATURAL SCIENCES Monthly Newsletter...FACULTY OF NATURAL SCIENCES Monthly Newsletter . GU Science Review Vol. 2 - Issue 1 January, 2017 2 ... Bose adapted a lecture at the