FAA Charts

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Aeronautical Navigation Products (AeroNav Products)

For More Information on FAA Aeronautical Charts:

aeronav.faa.gov

Purchase FAA Aeronautical Charts and Publications from authorizAeronautical Chart Agents located at or near many civil airport

Locate one in your area at:

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FAA Aeronautical Chart Users Guide

12thEDITION OCTOBER 2013

INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................................................ KEEP YOUR CHARTS CURRENT..................................................................................................................

REPORTING CHART DISCREPANCIES...........................................................................................................

SECTION 1: VISUAL FLIGHT RULES (VFR) CHARTS EXPLANATION OF VFR TERMS AND SYMBOLS....................................................................... WATER FEATURES (HYDROGRAPHY)........................................................................................... LAND FEATURES (TERRAIN) AND OBSTRUCTIONS.............................................................. RADIO AIDS TO NAVIGATION........................................................................................................ AIRPORTS.................................................................................................................................................. CONTROLLED AIRSPACE.................................................................................................................... UNCONTROLLED AIRSPACE............................................................................................................. SPECIAL USE AIRSPACE...................................................................................................................... OTHER AIRSPACE AREAS...................................................................................................................

TERMINAL AREA CHART (TAC) COVERAGE.............................................................................. INSET COVERAGE.................................................................................................................................. CHART TABULATIONS........................................................................................................................

VFR AERONAUTICAL CHART SYMBOLS................................................................................ AIRPORTS.................................................................................................................................................. RADIO AIDS TO NAVIGATION........................................................................................................ AIRSPACE INFORMATION................................................................................................................. NAVIGATIONAL AND PROCEDURAL INFORMATION........................................................... CHART LIMITS........................................................................................................................................ RAILROADS............................................................................................................................................... ROADS......................................................................................................................................................... POPULATED PLACES............................................................................................................................ BOUNDARIES..........................................................................................................................................

MISCELLANEOUS CULTURAL FEATURES.................................................................................... SHORELINES........................................................................................................................................... LAKES......................................................................................................................................................... RESERVOIRS............................................................................................................................................ STREAMS.................................................................................................................................................. MISCELLANEOUS HYDROGRAPHIC FEATURES....................................................................... CONTOURS............................................................................................................................................... ELEVATIONS............................................................................................................................................. UNRELIABLE RELIEF............................................................................................................................. SHADED RELIEF...................................................................................................................................... AREA RELIEF FEATURES...................................................................................................................... MISCELLANEOUS RELIEF FEATURES.............................................................................................

HELICOPTER ROUTE CHARTS.............................................................................................

AIRPORTS.................................................................................................................................................. RADIO AIDS TO NAVIGATION........................................................................................................ AIRSPACE INFORMATION................................................................................................................. NAVIGATIONAL AND PROCEDURAL INFORMATION........................................................... CULTURE................................................................................................................................................... HYDROGRAPHY...................................................................................................................................... RELIEF.........................................................................................................................................................

VFR FLYWAY PLANNING CHARTS......................................................................................... AIRPORTS.................................................................................................................................................. RADIO AIDS TO NAVIGATION........................................................................................................


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AIRSPACE INFORMATION................................................................................................................. NAVIGATIONAL AND PROCEDURAL INFORMATION........................................................... CULTURE................................................................................................................................................... HYDROGRAPHY......................................................................................................................................

RELIEF.........................................................................................................................................................

AIRSPACE CLASSES..................................................................................................................................

SECTION 2: INSTRUMENT FLIGHT RULES (IFR) ENROUTE CHARTS EXPLANATION OF IFR ENROUTE TERMS AND SYMBOLS........................................................ AIRPORTS ................................................................................................................................................. RADIO AIDS TO NAVIGATION (NAVAIDs)................................................................................ CONTROLLED AIRSPACE................................................................................................................... SPECIAL USE AIRSPACE...................................................................................................................... OTHER AIRSPACE.................................................................................................................................. INSTRUMENT AIRWAYS.................................................................................................................... VOR LF/MF AIRWAY SYSTEM (LOW ALTITUDE ENROUTE CHARTS)............................ AIRWAY/ROUTE DATA........................................................................................................................ AREA NAVIGATION (RNAV) T ROUTE SYSTEM................................................................... OFF ROUTE OBSTRUCTION CLEARANCE ALTITUDE (OROCA)......................................... MILITARY TRAINING ROUTES (MTRs)........................................................................................

JET ROUTE SYSTEM (HIGH ALTITUDE ENROUTE CHARTS).............................................. RNAV Q ROUTE SYSTEM (HIGH ALTITUDE ENROUTE CHARTS)................................ AREA NAVIGATION (RNAV) Q ROUTE SYSTEM (HIGH ALTITUDE CHARTS)........ TERRAIN CONTOURS ON AREA CHARTS..................................................................................

IFR AERONAUTICAL CHART SYMBOLS................................................................................. IFR ENROUTE LOW/HIGH ALTITUDE CHARTS........................................................................ AIRPORTS.................................................................................................................................................. RADIO AIDS TO NAVIGATION........................................................................................................ AIRSPACE INFORMATION................................................................................................................. NAVIGATIONAL AND PROCEDURAL INFORMATION........................................................... CULTURE................................................................................................................................................... HYDROGRAPHY...................................................................................................................................... TOPOGRAPHY.........................................................................................................................................

OCEANIC ROUTE PLANNING CHARTS....................................................................................... AIRPORTS.................................................................................................................................................. RADIO AIDS TO NAVIGATION........................................................................................................ AIRSPACE INFORMATION................................................................................................................. NAVIGATIONAL AND PROCEDURAL INFORMATION........................................................... CULTURAL BOUNDARIES.................................................................................................................. HYDROGRAPHY......................................................................................................................................

SECTION 3: TERMINAL PROCEDURES PUBLICATION (TPP)

EXPLANATION OF TPP TERMS AND SYMBOLS...................................................................... PILOT BRIEFING INFORMATION................................................................................................... PLANVIEW................................................................................................................................................ MISSED APPROACH ICONS.............................................................................................................. IFR LANDING MINIMA......................................................................................................................

TERMINAL ARRIVAL AREAS (TAAs).............................................................................................. INSTRUMENT APPROACH CHART FORMAT............................................................................

TERMINAL PROCEDURES PUBLICATION SYMBOLS................................................................ STANDARD TERMINAL ARRIVAL (STAR) CHARTS................................................................. DEPARTURE PROCEDURE (DP) CHARTS.................................................................................... APPROACH LIGHTING SYSTEM...................................................................................................... AIRPORT DIAGRAM/SKETCH........................................................................................................... INSTRUMENT APPROACH PROCEDURES PLANVIEW......................................................... INSTRUMENT APPROACH PROCEDURES PROFILE VIEW..................................................


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INTRODUCTION

This Chart Users Guide is an introduction to the Federal Aviation Administrations (FAA) aeronautical charts and publicatiois useful to new pilots as a learning aid, and to experienced pilots as a quick reference guide.

The FAA publishes charts for each stage of Visual Flight Rules (VFR) and Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) air navigation incltraining, planning, and departures, enroute (for low and high altitudes), approaches, and taxiing charts. For Procurement, co

an Authorized FAA Chart Sales Agent. Visit our website at http://aeronav.faa.gov for an agent near you. For digital products, coFAA, AeroNav Products at 1-800-638-8972.

The FAA Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) Pilot/Controller Glossary defines in detail, all terms and abbreviationsthroughout this publication. Unless otherwise indicated, miles are nautical miles (NM), altitudes indicate feet above Mean Sea(MSL), and times used are Coordinated Universal Time (UTC).

The Notices to Airmen Publication (NOTAM) includes current Flight Data Center (FDC) NOTAMs. NOTAMs alert pilnew regulatory requirements and reflect changes to Standard Instrument Approach Procedures (SIAPs), flight restrictionsaeronautical chart revisions. This publication is prepared every 28 days by the FAA, and is available by subscription froGovernment Printing Office.

In addition to NOTAMs, the Airport/Facility Directory (A/FD) and the Special Notices page of the AeroNav Products webs

also useful to pilots.

KEEP YOUR CHARTS CURRENT

Aeronautical information changes rapidly, so it is importantthat pilots check the effective dates on each aeronautical chartand publication. To avoid danger, it is important to always usecurrent editions and discard obsolete charts and publications.

To confirm that a chart or publication is current, refer to the nextscheduled edition date printed on the cover. Pilots should alsocheck Aeronautical Chart Bulletins in the A/FD, the AeroNavProducts Website (aeronav.faa.gov) and NOTAMs for importantupdates between chart and publication cycles that are essential

for safe flight.

All information in this guide is effective through September2013. All graphics used in this guide are for educational purposes.Please do not use them for flight navigation.

REPORTING CHART DISCREPANCIES

Your experience as a pilot is valuable and your feedbimportant. We make every effort to display accurate informon all FAA charts and publications, so we appreciate your iPlease notify us concerning any requests for changes, or potdiscrepancies you see while using our charts and related pro

Mark the chart you are using with the suggested changeinclude an explanation of the discrepancy. Mail this corrchart to the address above and we will send you a replaceright away. Suggestions concerning this guide are also wel

FAA, AeroNav ProductsSSMC4 Sta. 45031305 East-West HighwaySilver Spring, MD 20910-3281

Telephone Toll-Free 1-800-626-3677E-mail: [email protected]


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Manmade features used by FAA Air TrafficControl as checkpoints use a graphic symbolshown in black with the required elevationdata in blue. The elevation of the top of theobstacle above Mean Sea Level (MSL) andthe height of the structure (AGL) is also indicated (whenknown or can be reliably determined by a Specialist). TheAGL height is in parentheses below the MSL elevation. Inextremely congested areas, the FAA typically omits the AGLvalues to avoid confusion.

Whenever possible, the FAA depictsspecific obstacles on charts. However, inhigh-density areas like city complexes,only the highest obstacle is represented onthe chart using the group obstacle symbolto maximize legibility.

Obstacles under construction are indicatedby placing the lettersUC next to theobstacle type.

MEFs over land and open water areas areused in areas containing manmade obstaclessuch as oil rigs.

In the determination of MEFs, the FAA usesextreme care to calculate the values basedon the existing elevation data shown on source material.Aeronautical Information Specialists use the followingprocedure to calculate MEFs:

Example:

Elevation of obstacle top (MSL) = 2

Possible vertical error +

equals 2

Raise to the following 100 level 2

Maximum Elevation Figure

Obstacles with high-intensity strobe lightingsystems may operate part-time or by proximityactivation and are shown as follows:

Group Obstacle Symbol

If space is available,the AGL height of the

obstruction is shownin parentheses.

Guy wires mayextend outwardfrom obstacles.

5. The Maximum Elevation Figure (MEF) represents thehighest elevation within a quadrant, including terrain andother vertical obstacles (towers, trees, etc.). A quadrant onSectionals is the area bounded by ticked lines dividing each30 minutes of latitude and each 30 minutes of longitude.MEF figures are rounded up to the nearest 100 value andthe last two digits of the number are not shown.

In this example theMEF represents

12,500.

1. Determine the elevation of the top of the obabove MSL.

2. Add the possible vertical error of the source m

to the above figure (100 or 1/2 contour intervalinterval on source exceeds 200. U.S. GeoloSurvey Quadrangle Maps with contour intervsmall as 10 are normally used).

3. Round the resultant figure up to the next hhundred-foot level.

When a natural terrain feature or natural vertical ob(e.g. a tree) is the highest feature within the quadrang

Example:

Elevation of obstacle top (MSL) = 3

Possible vertical error +

Obstacle Allowance +

equals 3

Raise to the following 100 level 3

Maximum Elevation Figure

Pilots should be aware that while the MEF is based o

best information available to the Specialist, the figurnot verified by field surveys. Also, users should cothe Aeronautical Chart Bulletin in the A/FD or AerProducts website to ensure that your chart has the MEF data available.

1. Determine the elevation of the feature.

2. Add the possible vertical error of the source tabove figure (100 or 1/2 the contour interval interval on source exceeds 200).

3. Add a 200 allowance for uncharted natumanmade obstacles. Chart specifications dont rethe portrayal of obstacles below minimum he

4. Round the figure up to the next higher hunfoot level.

Ground Level (AGL), unless they appear in yellow city tint.Features considered to be hazardous obstacles to low-levelflight are; smokestacks, tanks, factories, lookout towers, andantennas, etc. On World Aeronautical Charts (WACs) onlythose obstacles at 500 AGL and higher are charted.

When a manmade obstacle is more than 200 abovhighest terrain within the quadrant:


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RADIO AIDS TO NAVIGATION

On VFR Charts, information about radio aids to navigation(NAVAID) is boxed, as illustrated. Duplication of data isavoided. When two or more radio aids in a general area have thesame name with different frequencies, Tactical Air Navigation

(TACAN) channel numbers, or identification letters, and nomisinterpretation can result, the name of the radio aid may beindicated only once within the identification box. Very HighFrequency/Ultra High Frequency (VHF/UHF) Navigation Aid(NAVAID) names and identification boxes (shown in blue) takeprecedence. Only those items that differ (e.g., frequency, MorseCode) are repeated in the box in the appropriate color. The choiceof separate or combined boxes is made in each case on the basisof economy of space and clear identification of the radio aids.

A NAVAID that is physically located on an airport may notalways be represented as a typical NAVAIDsymbol. A small open circle indicatesthe NAVAID location whencollocated with an airport icon.The type of NAVAID will beidentified by: VOR, (VHFOmni-Directional Range)VORTAC (VOR Tactical

Airc ra ft Cont ro l) or VOR-DME, (VOR-Distance MeasuringEquipment) positioned on and breakingthe top line of the NAVAID box.

{

Crosshatch indicates

Shutdown status

NDB Frequency

AIRPORTS

Airports in the following categories are charted as indicated(additional symbols are shown later in this Section).

Public use airports:

Airports are plotted in their true geographic position unlesymbol conflicts with a NAVAID at the same location. Incases, the airport symbol will be displaced, but the relatiobetween the airport and the NAVAID will be retained.

Airports are identified by their designated name. Genericof long airport names (such as airport, field, or municand the first names of persons are commonly omitted they are needed to distinguish one airport from another wsimilar name.

The figure at right illustrates thecoded data that is provided along

with the airport name.The elevation of an airport is thehighest point on the usable portionof the landing areas. Runwaylength is the length of the longestactive runway, including displacedthresholds and excluding overruns.Runway length is shown to the nearest100, using 70 as the rounding point;a runway 8070 in length is charted as 81, while a runway in length is charted as 80. If a seaplane base is collocated wairport, there will be additional seaplane base water inform

listed for the elevation, lighting and runway.

Hard-surfaced U.S. military runways are depictepublic-use airports. They are identified by abbrevisuch as: AAF (Army Air Field), AFB (Air Force MCAS (Marine Corps Air Station), NAS (NavStation), NAF (Naval Air Facility), NAAS (NAuxiliary Air Station), etc.

Canadian military airports are identified babbreviation DND (Department of National Def

Other than hard-surfaced runways

Seaplane bases

Hard-surfaced runways greater than 8069 or somemultiple runways less than 8069

Hard-surfaced runways 1500 to 8069

Other than hard-surfaced runways

Military airports:

Tick marks around the basic airport symbol indicatfuel is available and the airport is tended during nworking hours (Monday through Friday 10:00 A4:00 P.M. local time).

Services available:

Other airports with or without services:


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Airports with Control Towers (CT) and their related data areshown in blue. All other airports and their related data are shownin magenta. The symbol indicates that runway lights are onfrom dusk to dawn. A indicates that the pilot must consultthe Airport/Facility Directory (A/FD) to determine runwaylighting limitations, such as: available on request (by radio-call,letter, phone, etc), part-time lighting, or pilot/airport controlledlighting. Lighting codes refer to runway edge lights. The lighted

runway may not be the longest runway available, and lights maynot be illuminated along the full length of the runway. The A/FD has a detailed description of airport and air navigation lightingaids for each airport. A dash represents no runway edge lights.

The symbol indicates the existence of a rotating or flashingairport beacon operating from dusk to dawn. The AeronauticalInformation Manual (AIM) thoroughly explains the types anduses of airport lighting aids.

Right traffic information is shown using the abbreviation RPfor right pattern, followed by the appropriate runway number(s)(RP 18). Special conditions or restrictions to the right patternare indicated by the use of an asterisk (RP*) to direct the pilotto the Airport/Facility Directory for special instructions and/or restrictions.

An airport with an objectionable airspace will be labeled assuch, OBJECTIONABLE. This airport may adversely affectairspace use. FAA Airports Offices are responsible for airspacedeterminations and follow FAA Order 7400.2. If an airportowner or chart user wishes to challenge the objectionable status,he or she should contact their FAA Regional Airports Office.

CONTROLLED AIRSPACE

Controlled airspace consists of those areas where some aircraft may be subject to air traffic control, such as: Class AB, Class C, Class D, Class E Surface (SFC) and Class E Air

Class A Airspacewithin the United States extends

18,000 up to 60,000 MSL. While visual charts ddepict Class A, it is important to note its existence.

Class B Airspaceis shown in abbreviated form on the WAeronautical Chart (WAC). The Sectional AeronaChart (Sectional) and Terminal Area Chart (TAC) Class B in greater detail. The MSL ceilingand floor altitudes of each sector areshown in solid blue figures with the lasttwo zeros omitted. Floors extending upward from aa certain altitude are preceded by a (+). Operations abelow these altitudes are outside of Class B Airspace. Rand arcs used to define Class B are prominently show

TACs. Detailed rules and requirements associated wiparticular Class B are shown. The name by which theB is identified is shown as for exam

Class C Airspaceis shown in abbreviated form on WSectionals and TACs show Class C in greater detail.

The MSL ceiling and floor altitudes of eachsector are shown in solid magenta figureswith the last two zeros eliminated.

The figure at right identifies a sector that extends fromthe surface to the base of the Class B.

Class C airspace is identified by name:

Separate notes, enclosed in magenta boxes, give the appcontrol frequencies to be used by arriving VFR aircrestablish two-way radio communication before enterinClass C (generally within 20 NM):

Class D Airspaceis identified with a blue dashed lineD operating less than continuous is indicated by the foll

note: .

Ceilings of Class D are shown as follows: .

A minus in front of the figure is used to indicate from s

to, but not including...Class E Surface (SFC) Airspace is symbolized wmagenta dashed line. Class E (SFC) operating lesscontinuous is indicated by the following note:

.

Class B MAltitud

Class C MSAltitud


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Controlled airspace floors of 700 above the ground aredefined by a magenta vignette; floors other than 700 thatlaterally abuts uncontrolled airspace (Class G) are defined bya blue vignette; differing floors greater than 700 above theground are annotated by a symbol and a numberindicating the floor.

If the ceiling is less than 18,000 MSL, the value (precededby the word ceiling) is shown along the limits of thecontrolled airspace. These limits are shown with the samesymbol indicated above.

UNCONTROLLED AIRSPACE

Class G Airspacewithin the United States extends up to 14,500Mean Sea Level. At and above this altitude is Class E, excludingthe airspace less than 1500 above the terrain and certain specialuse airspace areas.

SPECIAL USE AIRSPACE

Special Use Airspace (SUA)confines certain flight activitiesand restricts entry, or cautions other aircraft operating withinspecific boundaries. Except for Controlled Firing Areas, SUAareas are depicted on VFR Charts. Controlled Firing Areas arenot charted because their activities are suspended immediatelywhen spotter aircraft, radar, or ground lookout positions indicatean aircraft might be approaching the area. Nonparticipatingaircraft are not required to change their flight paths. SUA areasare shown in their entirety (within the limits of the chart), evenwhen they overlap, adjoin, or when an area is designated withinanother area. The areas are identified by type and identifyingname/number, and are positioned either within or immediatelyadjacent to the area.

OTHER AIRSPACE AREAS

Mode C Required Airspace(from the surface to 10,000 within 30 NM radius of the primary airport(s) for which aB is designated, is depicted by a solid magenta line.

Mode C is required, but not depicted for

operations within and above all Class C up to 10,000 Enroute Mode C requirements (at and above 10,000 except in airspace at and below 2500 AGL) are not depSee FAR 91.215 and the AIM.

FAR 93Airports and heliports under FederalAviation Regulation 93 (FAR 93), (Special AirTraffic Rules and Airport Traffic Patterns), areshown by boxing the airport name.

FAR 91Airports where fixed wing special visual flightoperations are prohibited (FAR 91) are shown with theNO SVFR above the airport name.

National Security Areasindicated with a broken magentand Special Flight Rules Areas (SFRAs)indwith the following symbol: , consist of aiwith defined vertical and lateral dimensions establishlocations where there is a requirement for increased securitsafety of ground facilities. Pilots should avoid flying ththese depicted areas. When necessary, flight may be tempoprohibited.

The Washington DC Flight Restricted Zone (FRZ) is rto National Security. It is depicted using the Prohibited/RestrWarning Area symbology and is located wthe SFRA. It is defined as the airspace within approxima

13 to 15 NM radius of the DCA VOR-DME. Additrequirements are levied upon aviators requesting access to oinside the National Capital Region.

Temporary Flight Restriction (TFR) Areas RelatinNational Securityare indicated with a broken blue

. A Temporary Flight Restriction (TFR) is a tyNotice to Airmen (NOTAM). A TFR defines an area whetravel is restricted due to a hazardous condition, a special or a general warning for the entire airspace. The text of the TFR contains the fine points of the restriction. It is impoto note that only TFRs relating to National Security are ch

Air Defense Identification Zones (ADIZs)are symbolized

the ADIZ symbol: . As defined in Code of FRegulations 14 (CFR 14) Part 99, an ADIZ is an area in wthe ready identification, location, and control of all aircrequired in the interest of national security. ADIZ bouninclude Alaska, Canada and the Contiguous U.S.

Terminal Radar Service Areas (TRSAs)are shown inentirety, symbolized by a screened black outline of the entirincluding the various sectors within the area .

Class E Airspace exists at1200 AGL unless designatedotherwise. The lateral andvertical limits of all Class E, (upto, but not including 18,000)are shown by narrow bands of

vignette on Sectionals and TACs.


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The outer limit of the entire TRSA is a continuous screenedblack line. The various sectors within the TRSA are symbolizedby narrower screened black lines.

Each sector altitude is identified in solid black color by the MSLceiling and floor values of the respective sector, eliminating the

last two zeros. A leader line is used when the altitude values mustbe positioned outside the respective sectors because of chartingspace limitations. The TRSA name is shown near the northposition of the TRSA as follows: . Associatedfrequencies are listed in a table on the chart border.

Military Training Routes (MTRs)are shown on Sectionals andTACs. They are identified by the route designator:

. Route designators are shown in solidblack on the route centerline, positioned along the route forcontinuity. The designator IR or VR is not repeated when twoor more routes are established over the same airspace, e.g., IR201-205-227. Routes numbered 001 to 099 are shown as IR1 or

VR99, eliminating the initial zeros. Direction of flight along theroute is indicated by small arrowheads adjacent to and inconjunction with each route designator.

The following note appears on Sectionals and TACs coveringthe conterminous United States.

There are IFR (IR) and VFR (VR) routes as follows: Routeidentification:

a. Routes at or below 1500 AGL (with no segment above1500) are identified by four-digit numbers; e.g., VR1007,etc. These routes are generally developed for flight underVisual Flight Rules.

b. Routes above 1500 AGL (some segments of these routesmay be below 1500) are identified by three or fewer digitnumbers; e.g., IR21, VR302, etc. These routes are developedfor flight under Instrument Flight Rules.

MTRs can vary in width from 4 to 16 miles. Detailed route width

information is available in the Flight Information Publication(FLIP) AP/1B (a Department of Defense publication), or throughthe 56 Day NASR Subscription from the National Flight DataCenter (NFDC).

Special Military Activityareas are indicated on Sectionals by aboxed note in black type. The notecontains radio frequency informationfor obtaining area activity status.

TERMINAL AREA CHART (TAC) COVERAGE

TAC coverage is shown on appropriate Sectionals by amasked line as indicated below.

Within this area pilots should use TACs, which provide gdetail. A note indicating that the area is on the TAC appear

the masked boundary line.

INSET COVERAGE

Inset coverage is shown on appropriate Sectionals by amasked line as indicated below. A note to this effect apnear the masked boundary line.


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CHART TABULATIONS

Airport Tower Communicationsare provided in a columnizedtabulation for all tower-controlled airports that appear on therespective chart. Airport names are listed alphabetically. If theairport is military, the type of airfield, e.g., AAF, AFB, NAS, is

shown after the airfield name. In addition to the airport name,tower operating hours, primary Very High Frequency/Ultra HighFrequency (VHF/UHF) local Control Tower (CT), GroundControl (GND CON), and Automatic Terminal InformationService (ATIS) frequencies, when available, will be given. Anasterisk (*) indicates that the part-time tower frequency is remotedto a collocated full-time Flight Service Station (FSS) for use asAirport Advisory Service (AAS) when the tower is closed. AirportSurveillance Radar (ASR) and/or Precision Approach Radar (PAR)procedures are listed when available.

Approach Control Communications are provided in acolumnized tabulation listing Class B, Class C, Terminal Radar

Service Areas (TRSA) and Selected Approach Control Facilitieswhen available. Primary VHF/UHF frequencies are provided foreach facility. Sectorization occurs when more than one frequencyexists and/or is approach direction dependent. Availability ofservice hours is also provided.

Special Use Airspace (SUA):Prohibited, Restricted and WarningAreas are presented in blue and listed numerically for U.S. andother countries. Restricted, Danger and Advisory Areas outsidethe U.S. are tabulated separately in blue. A tabulation of AlertAreas (listed numerically) and Military Operations Areas (MOA)(listed alphabetically) appear on the chart in magenta. All aresupplemented with altitude, time of use and the controlling

agency/contact facility, and its frequency when available. Thecontrolling agency will be shown when the contact facility andfrequency data is unavailable.


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Airport

Name

Hours of

Operation

(local time)

Frequencies (VHF/UHF)

Runway dependent

Approach

direction

dependent

Radar Instrument

Approach available

AirspaceName

VHF/UHF

VHF/UHF

{ {

{

{

{

VHF

UHF{

{ Sectors forVHF and UHF traffic

local time

Sunrise to Sunset

Frequencies (VHF/UHF)

Restricted

Danger

Advisory

{

NOTF

NAVI A

ION


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AERONAUTICAL INFORMATION AIRPORTS ....................................................................................................................................................... RADIO AIDS TO NAVIGATION .............................................................................................................. AIRSPACE INFORMATION ....................................................................................................................... NAVIGATIONAL AND PROCEDURAL INFORMATION ............................................................... CHART LIMITS ............................................................................................................................................

TOPOGRAPHIC INFORMATION

CULTURE RAILROADS .................................................................................................................................................... ROADS ............................................................................................................................................................... POPULATED PLACES .................................................................................................................................. BOUNDARIES ................................................................................................................................................ MISCELLANEOUS CULTURAL FEATURES ..........................................................................................

HYDROGRAPHY SHORELINES .................................................................................................................................................. LAKES ................................................................................................................................................................

RESERVOIRS .................................................................................................................................................. STREAMS ........................................................................................................................................................ MISCELLANEOUS HYDROGRAPHIC FEATURES .............................................................................

RELIEF CONTOURS .................................................................................................................................................... ELEVATIONS .................................................................................................................................................. UNRELIABLE RELIEF .................................................................................................................................. SHADED RELIEF ........................................................................................................................................... AREA RELIEF FEATURES ........................................................................................................................... MISCELLANEOUS RELIEF FEATURES ...................................................................................................

GENERAL INFORMATIONSymbols shown are for World Aeronautical Charts (WACs), Sectional Aeronautical Charts (Sectionals), TermArea Charts (TACs), VFR Flyway Planning Charts and Helicopter Route Charts. When a symbol is different oany VFR chart series, it will be annotated, e.g., WAC or Not shown on WAC.

VFR AERONAUTICAL CHART SYMBOLS


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AIRPORTS

VFR AERONAUTICAL CHARTS - AERONAUTICAL INFORMATION

AIRPORTS

SEAPLANE:

EMERGENCYNo facilities, or completeinformation is notavailable.

HELIPORT(Selected)

ULTRALIGHT FLIGHT PARK(Selected)

LANDPLANE: CIVILAirports having control towers(CT) are shown in blue, allothers are shown in magenta.

All recognizable runways,including some which maybe closed, are shown forvisual identification purposes.Refueling and repair facilities

for normal traffic.

Runway patterns will bedepicted at airports withat least one hard surfacedrunway 1500 or greater inlength.

SEAPLANE: CIVIL

LANDPLANE:

CIVIL-MILITARY

LANDPLANE: MILITARYRefueling and repair

facilities not indicated.

LANDPLANE:

EMERGENCY

No facilities,

or

Complete information isnot available.

Add appropriate noteas required for hardsurfaced runways only:(CLOSED)


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AIRPORTS

AIRPORT DATA

GROUPING

(Pvt): Non-public usehaving emergency orlandmark value.

OBJECTIONABLE:This airport mayadversely affectairspace use.


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NON-DIRECTIONAL

RADIO BEACON

(NDB)

NDB-DME

NAVAIDS USED TO

DEFINE CLASS B

AIRSPACE

BROADCAST STATIONS (BS)On request by the properauthority or when a VFRCheckpoint.

VHF OMNI-DIRECTIONAL

RADIO (VOR) RANGE

VOR

VORTACWhen an NDB NAVAIDshares the same name and

Morse Code as the VORNAVAID the frequencycan be collocated inside thesame box to conserve space.

VOR-DME

{

AIR FORCE

STATION (AFS)

LONG RANGE

RADAR STATION

(LRRS)

OFF AIRPORT

AWOS/ASOS


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FLIGHT SERVICE

STATION (FSS)

REMOTE

COMMUNICATIONS

OUTLET (RCO)



ALASKA WEATHER CAMERAStand-Alone

Collocated with Airport - Must bewithin 2 NM to have same name.


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CLASS B AIRSPACEAppropriate notes asrequired may be shown.

Only the airspaceeffective below 18,000

feet MSL are shown.

(Mode C see FAR91.215 /AIM)

All mileages arenautical (NM).

All radials aremagnetic.

CLASS C AIRSPACE

Appropriate notes asrequired may be shown.

(Mode C see FAR91.215/AIM)

AIRSPACE INFORMATION



CLASS D AIRSPACE


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CLASS E AIRSPACEThe limits of Class E airspaceshall be shown by narrowvignettes or by the dashedmagenta symbol. Individualunits of designated airspace arenot necessarily shown; instead,the aggregate lateral and verticallimits shall be defined by the

following:

Airspace beginning at the surface(sfc) designated around airports...

Airspace beginning at 700 feetAGL...

Airspace beginning at 700feet AGL that laterally abutsuncontrolled airspace (Class G)...

Airspace beginning at 1200 feetAGL or greater that laterallyabuts uncontrolled airspace(Class G)...

Differentiates floors of airspacegreater than 700 feet above thesurface...

When the ceiling is less than18,000 feet MSL, the value,

prefixed by the word ceiling,shall be shown along the limits.

OFFSHORE CONTROL

AREAS

CANADIAN AIRSPACEIndividual units ofdesignated Canadianairspace are notnecessarily shown;instead, the aggregatelateral and verticallimits shall be portrayedas closely as possible tothe comparable U.S.airspace.




Appropriate notesas required maybe shown.


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AIRSPACE

OUTSIDE OF U.S.

Other than CanadaAppropriate notes asrequired may be shown.

FLIGHT

INFORMATION

REGIONS (FIR)

OCEANIC CONTROL

AREAS (OCA)

CONTROL AREAS

(CTA)

LOW ALTITUDE

AIRWAYS VOR AND

LF/MF (CLASS E

AIRSPACE)Low altitude Federal

Airways are indicatedby centerline.

Only the controlledairspace effective below18,000 feet MSL isshown.

MISCELLANEOUS AIR

ROUTES

Combined FederalAirway/RNAV TRoutes are identifiedin solid blue typeadjacent to the solidmagenta federal airwayidentification. The jointroute symbol is screenedmagenta.





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SPECIAL USE AIRSPACEOnly the airspace effectivebelow 18,000 feet MSL isshown.

The type of area shall bespelled out in large areas ifspace permits.

MILITARY TRAINING

ROUTES (MTR)

SPECIAL MILITARY

ACTIVITY ROUTES

(SMAR)

Boxed notes shownadjacent to route.

SPECIAL AIR TRAFFIC

RULES / AIRPORT

PATTERNS (FAR 93)

Appropriate boxednote as required shownadjacent to area.

SPACE OPERATIONS

AREA (FAR91.143)

MODE C (FAR91.215)Appropriate notes asrequired may be shown.

MISCELLANEOUS

AIRSPACE AREASParachute Jumping Area

with Frequency

Glider Operating Area

Ultralight Activity

Hang Glider Activity

Unmanned Aircraft Activity





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SPECIAL

CONSERVATION

AREASNational Park, WildlifeRefuge, Primitive andWilderness Areas, etc.

NOAA RegulatedNational MarineSanctuary Designated

Areas

AIRSPACE INFORMATION AIRSPACE INFORMATION

SPECIAL AIRSPACE

AREAS

SPECIAL FLIGHT RULES

AREA (SFRA) RELATING

TO NATIONAL SECURITYExample: Washington DC

Appropriate notes as requiredmay be shown.

Note: Delimiting line notshown when it coincideswith InternationalBoundary, projection lines orother linear features.

FLIGHT RESTRICTED

ZONE (FRZ) RELATING TO

NATIONAL SECURITYExample:Washington DC

CAUTION

P-40 AND R-4009 EXPANDED BY

TEMPORARY FLIGHT RESTRICTION.

CONTACT AFSS FOR LATEST STATUS

AND NOTAMS

TEMPORARY FLIGHT

RESTRICTION (TFR)

RELATING TO NATIONAL

SECURITYExample:



AREA (SFAR)

AIR DEFENSE

IDENTIFICATION ZONE(ADIZ)Note. Delimiting line notshown when it coincideswith InternationalBoundary, projection linesor other linear features.

NATIONAL SECURITY

AREA



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HIGH ENERGY

RADIATION AREAS


TERMINAL RADAR

SERVICE AREA (TRSA)



IFR ROUTES

Arrival

Departure

VFR TRANSITION ROUTE

ATC CLEARANCE REQUIRED

SEE SHOWBOAT GRAPHIC

ON SIDE PANEL

VFR TRANSITION ROUTES


Uni-directional

Bi-directional


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Site #

NAVIGATIONAL AND PROCEDURAL INFORMATION


NAVIGATIONAL AND PROCEDURAL INFORMATIO

AERONAUTICAL

LIGHTS

By Request

MARINE LIGHTS

With Characteristicsof Light

ISOGONIC LINE AND VALUEIsogonic lines and values shall

be based on the five year epochmagnetic variation model.

LOCAL MAGNETIC NOTESUnreliability Notes

COMPASS ROSETTE

Shown only in areasvoid of VOR roses.

Compass rosette willbe based on the five

year epoch magneticvariation model.

INTERSECTIONS

Named intersectionsused as reporting points.Arrows are directed towardfacilities which establishintersection.

AIRPORT BEACONSRotating or Flashing


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HIGH-INTENSITY

OBSTRUCTION

LIGHTSHigh-intensity lightsmay operate part-time or by proximityactivation.

WIND TURBINE FARMSWhen highest windturbine is unverified,UC will be shownafter MSL value.

MAXIMUM ELEVATION

FIGURE (MEF)

(see page 7 for explanation).

WARNING ANDCAUTION NOTES

Used when specific areais not demarcated.

NAVIGATIONAL AND PROCEDURAL INFORMATION NAVIGATIONAL AND PROCEDURAL INFORMATIO


VFR CHECKPOINTS

Underline indicatesproper name of VFRCheckpoint

VFR WAYPOINTSRNAV

Stand-Alone

Collocated with VFRCheckpoint

OBSTRUCTION

GROUP

OBSTRUCTION


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CHART LIMITS

OUTLINE ON

SECTIONAL OF

TERMINAL AREACHART

OUTLINE ON

SECTIONAL OF

INSET CHART



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VFR AERONAUTICAL CHARTS - TOPOGRAPHIC INFORMATION

CULTURE CULTURE

RAILROADS

Single Track

Double Track

More Than Two Tracks

Electric

Non-operating,Abandoned or UnderConstruction

RAILROAD YARDS

Limiting Track To Scale

Location Only

RAILROAD STATIONS

RAILROAD SIDINGSAND SHORT SPURS

ROADS

Dual-Lane DividedHighway Category 1

PrimaryCategory 2

SecondaryCategory 2

TRAILSCategory 3

Provides symbolizationfor dismantled railroadwhen combined with labeldismantled railroad.

ROAD MARKERSInterstate Route No.

U.S. Route No.

Air MarkedIdentification Label

ROAD NAMES

ROADS UNDER

CONSTRUCTION


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BRIDGES AND

VIADUCTS

Railroad

Road

OVERPASSES AND

UNDERPASSES

CAUSEWAYS

TUNNELS-ROAD AND

RAILROAD

POPULATED PLACES

Large Cities Category 1

Cities and Large TownsCategory 2

Towns and VillagesCategory 3

FERRIES, FERRY

SLIPS AND FORDS

BOUNDARIESInternational

State or Province

Convention or

Mandate Line

Date Line

TIME ZONES

MINES OR QUARRIESShaft Mines or Quarries

POWER TRANSMISSION

AND TELECOMMUNICATION

LINES

CULTURE


CULTURE


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PIPELINES

Underground

DAMS

DAM CARRYING

ROAD

PASSABLE LOCKS

SMALL LOCKS

WEIRS ANDJETTIES

SEAWALLS

BREAKWATERS

PIERS, WHARFS,

QUAYS, ETC.

MISCELLANEOUS

CULTURAL FEATURES

618 (Elevation Base of Tower)LOOKOUT TOWERS

LANDMARK AREAS

OUTDOOR

THEATER

WELLS

Other than water

RACE TRACKS

TANKS

COAST GUARD

STATION

AERIAL CABLEWAYS,

CONVEYORS, ETC.

CULTURE CULTURE


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HYDROGRAPHY


HYDROGRAPHY

OPEN WATER

INLAND WATER

OPEN/INLAND WATER

SHORELINES

Definite

Fluctuating

UnsurveyedIndefinite

Man-made

LAKESLabel as required

Perennial

When too numerous to showindividual lakes, show represen-tative pattern and descriptivenote. Number indicateselevation.Non-Perennial

(dry, intermittent, etc.)Illustration includes small

perennial lake

RESERVOIRS

Natural Shorelines

Man-made Shorelines

Label when necessary forclarity

Too small to show to scale

Under Construction

STREAMS

Perennial

Non-Perennial

Fanned Out

Alluvial fan

Braided

Disappearing

Seasonally Fluctuating

with undefined limits

with maximum bank limits, prominentand constant


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HYDROGRAPHY


HYDROGRAPHY

Sand Deposits in andalong riverbeds

WET SAND AREASWithin and adjacentto desert areas

AQUEDUCTSAbandoned or UnderConstruction

Underground

Suspended or Elevated

Tunnels

Kanats

Underground with air vents

FLUMES, PENSTOCKS

AND SIMILAR

FEATURES

Elevated

Underground

FALLS

Double-Line

Single-Line

RAPIDS

Double-Line

Single-Line

CANALS

To Scale

Abandoned or UnderConstruction

Abandoned to Scale


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HYDROGRAPHY


HYDROGRAPHY

SMALL CANALS AND

DRAINAGE / IRRIGATION

DITCHESPerennial

Non-Perennial

Abandoned or Ancient

Numerous

Representative pattern and/ordescriptive note.

Numerous

SALT EVAPORATORS

AND SALT PANS MAN

EXPLOITED

SWAMPS, MARSHES

AND BOGS

HUMMOCKS AND

RIDGES

MANGROVE

AND NIPA

peat bog

PEAT BOGS

TUNDRA

CRANBERRY BOGS

RICE PADDIESExtensive areas indicated bylabel only.

LAND SUBJECT TO

INUNDATION

SPRINGS, WELLS AND

WATERHOLES

GLACIERS

GLACIAL MORAINES

ICE CLIFFS

SNOWFIELDS, ICE FIELDS

AND ICE CAPS

ICE PEAKS


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FORESHORE FLATSTidal flats exposed at

low tide.

ROCKS-ISOLATEDBare or Awash

WRECKSExposed

REEFS-ROCKY OR CORAL

MISCELLANEOUS

UNDERWATER FEATURES

NOT OTHERWISE

SYMBOLIZED

FISH PONDS AND

HATCHERIES

ICE

PermanentPolar Ice

Pack Ice

HYDROGRAPHY


HYDROGRAPHY


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RELIEF


RELIEF

2000

1000

CONTOURSBasic

Approximate

Intermediate

Auxiliary

Depression(Illustration includesmound within depression)

Values

SPOT ELEVATIONSPosition Accurate

Position Accurate, ElevationApproximate

Highest in General Area

Highest on Chart

12632MOUNTAIN PASS

HACHURING

UNSURVEYED AREASLabel appropriately as required

RELIEF DATA INCOMPLETE

UNCONTOURED AREASLabel appropriately as required

lava

DISTORTED SURFACE AREAS

LAVA FLOWS

SAND OR GRAVEL AREAS

SAND RIDGES

To Scale

SAND DUNES

To Scale


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RELIEF


SHADED RELIEF

ROCK STRATA OUTCROP

QUARRIES TO SCALE

STRIP MINES, MINE

DUMPS AND TAILINGSTo Scale

CRATERS

ESCARPMENTS,

BLUFFS, CLIFFS,

DEPRESSIONS, ETC.

LEVEES AND ESKERS


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AIRPORTS.................................................................................................................................................................. RADIO AIDS TO NAVIGATION........................................................................................................................ AIRSPACE INFORMATION................................................................................................................................. NAVIGATIONAL AND PROCEDURAL INFORMATION.......................................................................... CULTURE................................................................................................................................................................... HYDROGRAPHY..................................................................................................................................................... RELIEF.........................................................................................................................................................................

VFR AERONAUTICAL CHART SYMBOLS

HELICOPTER ROUTE CHARTS


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LANDPLANEAll recognizable runways,

including some which maybe closed, are shown forvisual identification.

HELIPORT

SEAPLANE

ULTRALIGHT

FLIGHT PARK

AIRPORT DATA

GROUPINGBoxed airport name indicatesairport for which a SpecialTraffic Rule has been established.(Pvt): Non-public use having

emergency or landmark value.OBJECTIONABLE: Thisairport may adversely affectairspace use.

{

VHF OMNI-DIRECTIONAL

RADIO (VOR) RANGE

VOR

VORTACWhen an NDB NAVAIDshares the same name and

Morse Code as the VOR

NAVAID the frequencycan be collocated inside thesame box to conserve space.

VOR-DME

NON-DIRECTIONAL

RADIO BEACON

(NDB)

NDB-DME

AIRPORTS

HELICOPTER ROUTE CHARTS - AERONAUTICAL INFORMATION



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NAVAIDS USED TO

DEFINE CLASS B

AIRSPACE

BROADCAST STATIONS (BS)On request by the properauthority or when a VFRCheckpoint.

FLIGHT SERVICE

STATION (FSS)

CLASS B AIRSPACEAppropriate notes as required

may be shown. (Mode C seeFAR 91.215/AIM)

All mileages are nautical(NM)

All radials are magnetic.

CLASS C AIRSPACEAppropriate notesas required may beshown. (Mode C seeFAR 91.215/AIM)

CLASS D AIRSPACE

REMOTE

COMMUNICATIONS

OUTLET (RCO)


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CLASS E SURFACE

(SFC) AIRSPACE

SPECIAL AIRSPACE

AREAS


AREA (SFRA) RELATING

TO NATIONAL SECURITYExample: Washington DC


Note. Delimiting line notshown when it coincideswith InternationalBoundary, projection linesor other linear features.

FLIGHT RESTRICTED

ZONE (FRZ) RELATING

TO NATIONAL SECURITYExample:Washington DC

AIR DEFENSE

IDENTIFICATION ZONE(ADIZ)

Note. Delimiting line notshown when it coincideswith InternationalBoundary, projection linesor other linear features.

CANADIAN AIRSPACEAppropriate notes as

required may be shown.

HELICOPTER

ROUTES


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NAVIGATIONAL AND PROCEDURAL INFORMATION NAVIGATIONAL AND PROCEDURAL INFORMATIO

VFR CHECKPOINTSUnderline indicates proper

name of VFR Checkpoint

VFR WAYPOINTSStand-Alone

Collocated with VFR Checkpoint

Collocated with VFR Checkpoint &Reporting Point

OBSTRUCTIONS

High-intensitylights may operate

part-time orby proximityactivation.

MAXIMUM ELEVATION

FIGURE (MEF)

(see page 7 for explanation).

NAVIGATION DATA

WARNING AND

CAUTION NOTES

LOCAL MAGNETIC

NOTESUnreliability Notes

WIND TURBINE FARMSWhen highest wind turbineis unverified, UC will beshown after MSL value.


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CULTURE

HELICOPTER ROUTE CHARTS - TOPOGRAPHIC INFORMATION

HYDROGRAPHY

SHORELINES

MAJOR LAKES AND

RIVERS

RESERVOIRS

RELIEF

SPOT ELEVATIONSPosition Accurate

RAILROADSSingle Track

Double Track

ROADSDual-Lane:

Divided Highways

Major Boulevards & Major Streets

Primary

BRIDGES

POPULATED PLACES

Built-up Areas

BOUNDARIESInternational

State or Province

POWER

TRANSMISSION LINES

PROMINENT

PICTORIALS

LANDMARKS


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AIRPORTS

VFR FLYWAY PLANNING CHARTS - AERONAUTICAL INFORMATION


LANDPLANENo distinction is made between

airports with services and thosewithout services. Runways maybe exaggerated to clearly portraythe pattern. Hard-surfaced run-ways which are closed but stillexist are included in the charted

pattern.

FAR 91 - Fixed wing specialVFR operations prohibited.

(Pvt): Non-public use havingemergency or landmark value.OBJECTIONABLE: Thisairport may adversely affectairspace use.

ABANDONED - Depicted forlandmark value or to preventconfusion with an adjacentusable landing area. Only

portrayed beneath or close to theVFR flyway routes or requestedby the FAA. (Normally at least

3000 paved).

VHF

OMNI-DIRECTIONAL

RADIO RANGE (VOR)

VOR

VORTAC

VOR-DME

NON-DIRECTIONAL

RADIO BEACON

(NDB)

NDB-DME

NAVAIDS USED TODEFINE CLASS B

AIRSPACE


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CLASS B AIRSPACEAppropriate notes as

required may be shown.

(Mode C seeFAR 91.215 /AIM)

All mileages are nautical(NM).

All radials are magnetic.

CLASS C AIRSPACEAppropriate notesas required may beshown.

(Mode C seeFAR 91.215/AIM)

CLASS D AIRSPACE

CLASS E SURFACE

(SFC) AIRSPACE

SPECIAL AIRSPACE

AREAS

SPECIAL FLIGHT

RULES AREA (SFRA)

RELATING TO

NATIONAL SECURITYExample:

Washington DC

Appropriate notes asrequired may be shown.Note. Delimiting line notshown when it coincideswith InternationalBoundary, projection linesor other linear features.

FLIGHT RESTRICTED

ZONE (FRZ)RELATING TO

NATIONAL SECURITYExample:Washington DC


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CAUTIONP-40 AND R-4009 EXPANDED BY

TEMPORARY FLIGHT RESTRICTION.

CONTACT AFSS FOR LATEST STATUS

AND NOTAMS.

TEMPORARY FLIGHT

RESTRICTION (TFR)

RELATING TONATIONAL SECURITY

Example:

Appropriate notesas required may beshown.

AIR DEFENSE

IDENTIFICATION ZONE

(ADIZ)Note. Delimitingline not shown whenit coincides withInternational Boundary,

projection lines or otherlinear features.

SUGGESTED VFR

FLYWAY AND

ALTITUDE

IFR ROUTES

Arrival

Departure

VFR TRANSITION ROUTE

ATC CLEARANCE REQUIRE

SEE SHOWBOAT GRAPHIC

ON SIDE PANEL

VFR TRANSITION

ROUTES


Uni-directional

Bi-directional

SPECIAL USE

AIRSPACEOnly the airspaceeffective below 18,000

feet MSL is shown.

The type of area shall bespelled out in large areasif space permits.

MILITARY TRAINING

ROUTES (MTR)

SPECIAL AIR TRAFFIC

RULES/AIRPORT TRAFFIC

AREAS (FAR Part93)Appropriate boxed noteas required shown adjacentto area.

MODE C (FAR91.215)Appropriate notes asrequired may be shown.

TERMINAL RADAR

SERVICE AREA (TRSA)


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NAVIGATIONAL AND PROCEDURAL INFORMATIO

MISCELLANEOUS

AIRSPACE AREAS

Parachute Jumping Area

Glider Operating Area

Ultralight Activity

Hang Glider Activity

Unmanned Aircraft Activity

VFR CHECKPOINTSUnderline indicates

proper name of VFRCheckpoint

VFR WAYPOINTSStand-Alone

Collocated with VFR Checkpoint

OBSTRUCTIONSOnly obstacles greater than999 above ground level(AGL) or specified by thelocal ATC Facility shall beshown.

AGL heights are not shown.High-intensity lights mayoperate part-time or by

proximity activation.

Under Construction orreported and position/elevation unverified.

NAVIGATIONAL DATA

SPECIALCONSERVATION AREAS

NOAA RegulatedNational MarineSanctuary Designated

Areas


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CULTURE

VFR FLYWAY PLANNING CHARTS - TOPOGRAPHIC INFORMATION

HYDROGRAPHY

HARBOR FREEWAY

110

RAILROADSSingle and Multiple Tracks

ROADSDual-Lane

Divided Highway Primary

POPULATED PLACES

Built-up Areas

Towns

BOUNDARIES

International

POWER

TRANSMISSION LINES

PROMINENT PICTORIALS

POWER PLANTLANDMARKS

SHORELINES

MAJOR LAKES AND

RIVERS

RESERVOIRS

RELIEF

SPOT ELEVATIONSPosition Accurate Mountain Peaks


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AIRSPACE CLASSES

AIRSPACE CLASS A CLASS B CLASS C CLASS D CLASS E CLASS G

Entry Requirements ATC clearance ATC clearance ATC clearance for IFRAll require radiocontact

ATC clearance for IFRAll require radiocontact

ATC clearance for IFRAll IFR require radiocontact

None

Minimum Pilot

Qualications

Instrument

Rating

Private or Student

certication. Localrestrictions apply.

Student certicate Student certicate Student certicate Student certicate

Two-Way RadioCommunications

Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes, under IFR ightplan*

Not required*

Special VFRAllowed

No Yes Yes Yes Yes N/A

VFR VisibilityMinimum

N/A 3 statute miles 3 statute miles 3 statute miles Below 10,000 MSL3 statute miles

At or above 10,000MSL

5 statute miles

Below 1200 AGL(regardless of MSL)

Day1 statute mile

Night3 statute miles

Above 1200 AGL &below 10,000 MSL

Day1 statute mile

Night3 statute miles

Above 1200 AGL & aor Above 10,000 MSL

5 statute miles

VFR MinimumDistance FromClouds

N/A Clear of Clouds 500 below1000 above2000 horizontally

500 below1000 above2000 horizontally

Below 10,000 MSL500 below1000 above2000 horizontally

At or above 10,000MSL

1000 below1000 above1 mile horizontally

Below 1200 AGL(regardless of MSL)

DayClear of Clouds

Night500 below1000 above2000 horizontally

Above 1200 AGL &below 10,000 MSL

Day500 below1000 above

2000 horizontally

Night500 below1000 above2000 horizontally

Above 1200 AGL & aor above 10,000 MSL

1000 below1000 above1 mile horizontally

VFR AircraftSeparation

N/A All IFR Aircraft Runway Operations None None

Trafc Advisories Yes Yes Yes Workload permitting Workload permitting Workload permitting

Airport Application N/A RadarInstrument

Approaches

WeatherControl TowerHigh Density

RadarInstrument

Approaches

WeatherControl Tower

InstrumentApproachesWeather

Control Tower

InstrumentApproachesWeather

Control Tower

Speed Restrictions N/A 250 KIAS below10000 MSL

250 KIAS below10,000 MSL and200 KIAS below 2500

AGL within 4nm of theprimary airport

250 KIAS below10,000 MSL and200 KIAS below 2500

AGL within 4nm of theprimary airport

N/A N/A

Differs from ICAO No ICAO does not havespeed restriction

ICAO does not havespeed restrictionICAO requires ATCclearance

ICAO requires ATCclearance

No ICAO requires 3 statutmiles visibility

* Unless a temporary tower is present


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AIRSPACE CLASSIFICATION

U.S. Airspace depiction as shown on Visual Aeronautical Charts

Class E with

1200 Floor

Class E with

700 AGL FloorClass C

Class E Surface

Class B

Class D

Class E

Surface

Extension

Class E with

1200 AGL Floor

Excerpt from Detroit Sectional Chart

FL 600

18,000 MSLClass A

ClassG

Class B

Class C

Class D

Class E

Class E

Transition Area with

700 AGL Floor

Class E Surface

Non-Towered Airport

with Instrument ApproacClass E

Surface Extension

Non-Towered

Airports without an

Instrument Approach

14,500 MSL

1200 AGL 1200 AGL 1200 AGL


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AeroNav Products

IFR AERONAUTICAL CHARTS


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IFR AERONAUTICAL CHARTS

EXPLANATION OF IFR Enroute TERMS AND SYMBOLS

FAA charts are prepared in accordance with specifications of the Interagency Air Cartographic Committee (IACC), and are appby representatives of the Federal Aviation Administration and the Department of Defense (DoD). Some information on these may only apply to military pilots.

The explanations of symbols used on Instrument Flight Rule (IFR) Charts and examples in this section are based primarily oIFR Enroute Low Altitude Charts. Other IFR products use similar symbols in various colors (see Section 3 of this guide). Thelegends portray aeronautical symbols with a brief description of what each symbol depicts. This section provides more details symbols and how they are used on IFR charts.

AIRPORTS

Active airports with hard-surfaced runways of 3,000 or longerare shown on IFR Enroute Low Altitude Charts - U.S. for thecontiguous United States. Airports with hard or soft runwaysof 3,000 or longer are shown on IFR Enroute Low AltitudeCharts - Alaska. Airports with hard-surfaced runways of 5,000or longer are shown on IFR Enroute High Altitude Charts - U.S.for the contiguous United States. Airports with hard or softrunways of 4000 or longer are shown on IFR Enroute HighAltitude Charts - Alaska. Public heliports with an InstrumentApproach Procedure (IAP) or requested by the FAA or DoD aredepicted on the IFR Enroute Low Altitude Charts. Seaplanebases requested by the FAA or DoD are depicted on the IFREnroute Low Altitude Charts. Active airports with approvedinstrument approach procedures are also shown regardless ofrunway length or composition. On IFR Enroute Low AltitudeCharts a tabulation, is provided which identifies airport names,IDs and the panels they are located on. Charted airports areclassified according to the following criteria:

Blue Airports with an Instrument Approach Procedure and/orRADAR MINIMA published in the high altitude DoD FlightInformation Publications (FLIPs)

Green Airports which have an approved Instrument ApproachProcedure and/or RADAR MINIMA published in either theU.S. Terminal Procedures Publications (TPPs) or the DoD FLIPs

Brown Airports without a published Instrument ApproachProcedure or RADAR MINIMA

Airports are plotted at their true geographic position, unless thesymbol conflicts with a radio aid to navigation (NAVAID) at thesame location. In such cases, the airport symbols are displaced.The relationship between the airport and the NAVAID is retained.

Airports are identified by the airport name. In the case of militaryairports, Air Force Base (AFB), Naval Air Station (NAS), NavalAir Facility (NAF), Marine Corps Air Station (MCAS), ArmyAir Field (AAF), etc., the abbreviated letters appear as part ofthe airport name.

Airports marked Pvt immediately following the airportare not for public use, but otherwise meet the criteria for chas specified above.

Runway length is the length of the longest active ru(including displaced thresholds but excluding overruns)

shown to the nearest 100 feet using 70 feet as the division e.g., a runway of 8,070 is labeled 81.

The following runway compositions (materials) constihard-surfaced runway: asphalt, bitumen, chip seal, concrettar macadam. Runways that are not hard-surfaced have aletter s following the runway length, indicating a soft su

A symbol following the elevation under the airport

means that runway lights are in operation sunset to sunrisesymbol indicates there is Pilot Controlled Lighting. A symeans the lighting is part-time or on request, the pilot sconsult the Airport/Facility Directory (A/FD) or approSupplement for light operating procedures. The AeronaInformation Manual (AIM) thoroughly explains the typeuses of airport lighting aids.

LOW/HIGH ALTITUDE


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RADIO AIDS TO NAVIGATION (NAVAIDs)

All IFR radio NAVAIDs that have been flight checked and areoperational are shown on all IFR Enroute Charts. Very HighFrequency/Ultrahigh Frequency (VHF/UHF) NAVAIDs, Veryhigh frequency Omnidirectional Radio range (VORs), Tactical Air

Navigation (TACANs) are shown in black, and Low Frequency/Medium Frequency (LF/MF) NAVAIDs, (Compass Locators andAeronautical or Marine NDBs) are shown in brown.

On IFR Enroute Charts, information about NAVAIDs is boxedas illustrated below. To avoid duplication of data, when two ormore NAVAIDs in a general area have the same name, the nameis usually printed only once inside an identification box with thefrequencies, TACAN channel numbers, identification letters, orMorse Code Identifications of the different NAVAIDs are shownin appropriate colors.

NAVAIDS in a shutdown status have the frequency and channelnumber crosshatched. Use of the NAVAID status shutdown is

only used when a facility has been decommissioned but cannotbe published as such because of pending airspace actions.

CONTROLLED AIRSPACE

Controlled airspace consists of those areas where some aircraft are subjected to air traffic control within the folloairspace classifications of A, B, C, D, & E.

Air Route Traffic Control Centers (ARTCC) are establish

provide Air Traffic Control to aircraft operating on IFR plans within controlled airspace, particularly during the enphase of flight. Boundaries of the ARTCCs are shown inentirety using the symbol below.

The responsible ARTCC Center names are shown adjacenparallel to the boundary line.

ARTCC sector frequencies are shown in boxes outlined bsame symbol.

Class A Airspaceis depicted as open area (white) on thEnroute High Altitude Charts. It consists of airspace from 1Mean Sea Level (MSL) to 60,000 MSL. In aviation termsaltitudes are written as FL 180 to FL 600, (18,000 MSL, is Level (FL)180, 60,000 MSL, is FL 600.

Class B Airspace is depicted as screened blue area with aline encompassing the area.

Class C Airspace is depicted as screened blue area with a dline encompassing the area with a following the airport n

Class B and Class C Airspaceconsist of controlled airextending upward from the surface or a designated flospecified altitudes, within which all aircraft and pilots are sto the operating rules and requirements specified in the FAviation Regulations (FAR) 71. Class B and C Airspace are sin abbreviated forms on IFR Enroute Low Altitude Chargeneral note adjacent to Class B airspace refers the user tappropriate VFR Terminal Area Chart.

Class D Airspace(airports with an operating control towedepicted as open area (white) with a following the airport

Class E Airspace is depicted as open area (white) on thEnroute Low Altitude Charts. It consists of airspace below F

UNCONTROLLED AIRSPACEClass G Airspacewithin the United States extends to 14MSL. This uncontrolled airspace is shown as screened br

On Area Charts any uncontrolled airspace boundaries are dewith a .012 brown line and a .060 screen brown band ouncontrolled side, so as to be seen over the terrain.


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SPECIAL USE AIRSPACE

Special Use Airspace (SUA) confines certain flight activities,restricts entry, or cautions other aircraft operating within specificboundaries. SUA areas are shown in their entirety, even whenthey overlap, adjoin, or when an area is designated within another

area. SUA with altitudes from the surface and above are shownon the IFR Enroute Low Altitude Charts. Similarly, SUA thatextends above 18,000 MSL are shown on IFR Enroute HighAltitude Charts. On IFR Enroute Altitude Charts tabulations,identify the type of SUA, ID, effective altitudes, times of use,controlling agency and the panel it is located on.

OTHER AIRSPACE

FAR 91 Special Air Traffic Rulesare shown with the type NO

SVFR above the airport name.

FAR 93 Special Airspace Traffic Rulesare shown with a solidline box around the airport name, indicating

FAR 93 Special Requirements see Directory/Supplement.

Mode C Required Airspace(from the surface to 10,000 MSL)within 30 NM radius of the primary airport(s) for which a ClassB airspace is designated, is depicted on IFR Enroute Low AltitudeCharts as a blue circle labeled MODE C 30 NM.

Mode C is also required for operations within and above allClass C airspace up to 10,000 MSL, but not depicted. See FAR91.215 and the AIM.

INSTRUMENT AIRWAYS

The FAA has established two fixed route systems for air navigThe VOR and LF/MF systemdesignated from 1,200 AGround Level (AGL) to but not including FL 180is showIFR Enroute Low Altitude Charts, and the Jet Route syst

designated from FL 180 to FL 450 inclusiveis shown oEnroute High Altitude Charts.

VOR LF/MF AIRWAY SYSTEM

(IFR LOW ALTITUDE Enroute CHARTS)

In this system VOR airways airways based on VOR or VORNAVAIDs are depicted in black and identified by (Victor) followed by the route number (e.g., V12). In Aand Canada, some segments of low-altitude airways are on LF/MF NAVAIDs and are charted in brown instead of Routes from a UHF facility to a LF/MF facility changeblack to brown at the midpoint.

LF/MF airways airways based on LF/MF NAVAIDssometimes called colored airways because they are identificolor name and number (e.g., Amber One, charted as In Alaska Green and Red airways are plotted east and wesAmber and Blue airways are plotted north and south. Regaof their color identifier, LF/MF airways are shown in brothe contiguous U.S.

AIRWAY/ROUTE DATA

On both series of IFR Enroute Charts, airway/route dataas the airway identifications, magnetic courses bearinradials, mileages, and altitudes (e.g., Minimum Enroute Al

(MEA), Minimum Obstruction Clearance Altitude (MOMaximum Authorized Altitude (MAA), are shown alignedthe airway. As a rule the airway/route data is charted and same color as the airway, with one exception. Charted inGlobal Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) MEAs, idenwith a G suffix, have been added to V and colored airfor aircraft flying those airways using Global Positioning S(GPS) navigation.

Airways/Routes predicated on VOR or VORTAC NAVAIDdefined by the outbound radial from the NAVAID. AirRoutes predicated on LF/MF NAVAIDs are defined binbound bearing.

NO SVFR

AIRPORT NAME

3500G

V4

5500

*3500

30 310

Victor Route (with RNAV/GPS MEA shown in blue)


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AREA NAVIGATION (RNAV) T ROUTE SYSTEM

The FAA has created new low altitude area navigation (RNAV)T routes for the enroute and terminal environments. TheRNAV routes will provide more direct routing for IFR aircraftand enhance the safety and efficiency of the National Airspace

System. To utilize these routes aircraft are required to be equippedwith IFR approved GNSS. In Alaska, TSO-145a and 146aequipment is required.

Low altitude RNAV only routes are identified by the prefix T,and the prefix TK for RNAV helicopter routes followed bya three digit number (T-200 to T-500). Routes are depicted inblue on the IFR Enroute Low Altitude Charts. RNAV route data(route line, identification boxes, mileages, waypoints, waypointnames, magnetic reference courses and MEAs) will also be printedin blue. Magnetic reference courses will be shown originatingfrom a waypoint, fix/reporting point or NAVAID. GNSS MEAfor each segment is established to ensure obstacle clearance and

communications reception. GNSS MEAs are identified with aG suffix.

Joint Victor/RNAV routes are charted as outlined above except asnoted. The joint Victor route and the RNAV route identificationboxes are shown adjacent to each other. Magnetic referencecourses are not shown. MEAs are charted above the appropriate

identification box or stacked in pairs, GNSS and Victor. Onjoint routes, RNAV specific information will be printed in blue.

OFF ROUTE OBSTRUCTION CLEARANCE ALTITUDE(OROCA)

The Off Route Obstruction Clearance Altitude (OROCA) isdepicted on IFR Enroute Low Altitude and Pacific charts andis represented in thousands and hundreds of feet above MSL.OROCAs are shown in every 30 x 30 minute quadrant on AreaCharts, every one degree by one degree quadrant for IFR EnrouteLow Altitude Charts - U.S. and every two degree by two degreequadrant on IFR Enroute Low Altitude Charts - Alaska. TheOROCA represents the highest possible obstruction elevationincluding both terrain and other vertical obstruction data (towers,trees, etc.) bounded by the ticked lines of latitude/longitude

including data 4 NM outside the quadrant. In this exampOROCA represents 12,500 feet.

OROCA is computed just as the Maximum Elevation F(MEF) found on Visual Flight Rule (VFR) Charts except provides an additional vertical buffer of 1,000 feet in desig

non-mountainous areas and a 2,000 foot vertical bufdesignated mountainous areas within the United Stateareas in Mexico and the Caribbean, located outside theAir Defense Identification Zone (ADIZ), the OROCA probstruction clearance with a 3,000 foot vertical buffer. Evalthe area around the quadrant provides the chart user thelateral clearance an airway provides should the line of inteflight follow a ticked line of latitude or longitude. ORdoes not provide for NAVAID signal coverage, communicoverage and would not be consistent with altitudes assignAir Traffic Control. OROCAs can be found over all land mand open water areas containing man-made obstructionsas oil rigs).

MILITARY TRAINING ROUTES (MTRs)

Military Training Routes (MTRs) are routes establishethe conduct of low-altitude, high-speed military flight tra(generally below 10,000 feet MSL at airspeeds in excess oknots Indicated Air Speed). These routes are depicted in bon IFR Enroute Low Altitude Charts, and are not shown on

charts or on IFR Enroute High Altitude Charts. IFR EnLow Altitude Charts depict all IFR Military Training R(IRs) and VFR Military Training Routes (VRs), except VRs that are entirely at or below 1,500 feet AGL.

MTRs are identified by designators (IR-107, VR-134) whishown in brown on the route centerline. Arrows are shoindicate the direction of flight along the route. The width route determines the width of the line that is plotted on the

Route segments with a width of 5 NM or less, both sides centerline, are shown by a .02 line.

Route segments with a width greater than 5 NM, either orsides of the centerline, are shown by a .035 line.

MTRs for particular chart pairs (ex. L1/2, etc.) are alphabetthen numerically tabulated. The tabulation includes MTRand unique identification and altitude range.


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IFR AERONAUTICAL CHART SYMBOLS

IFR ENROUTE LOW/HIGH ALTITUDE (U.S., PACIFIC AND ALASKA CHARTS) AIRPORTS.................................................................................................................................................. RADIO AIDS TO NAVIGATION........................................................................................................ AIRSPACE INFORMATION................................................................................................................. NAVIGATIONAL AND PROCEDURAL INFORMATION.......................................................... CULTURE .................................................................................................................................................. HYDROGRAPHY..................................................................................................................................... TOPOGRAPHY..........................................................................................................................................

OCEANIC ROUTE PLANNING CHARTS, NORTH ATLANTIC, WATRS AND NORTH

PACIFIC ROUTE CHARTS AIRPORTS.................................................................................................................................................. RADIO AIDS TO NAVIGATION........................................................................................................

AIRSPACE INFORMATION................................................................................................................. NAVIGATIONAL AND PROCEDURAL INFORMATION.......................................................... CULTURAL BOUNDARIES.................................................................................................................. HYDROGRAPHY......................................................................................................................................


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AIRPORTS

IFR ENROUTE LOW/HIGH ALTITUDE U.S., PACIFIC AND ALASKA CHARTS

AIRPORTS

AIRPORT DATA LOW/HIGH ALTITUDEFacilities in BLUE or GREEN have an approvedInstrument Approach Procedure and/or RADAR

MINIMA published in either the FAA TerminalProcedures Publications or the DoD FLIPs. Those inBLUE have an Instrument Approach Procedureand/or RADAR MINIMA published at least in the HighAltitude DoD FLIPs. Facilities in BROWN do not havea published Instrument Approach Procedure orRADAR MINIMA.

All IAP Airports are shown on the Low AltituideCharts.

Non-IAP Airports shown on the U.S. Low AltitudeCharts have a minimum hard surface runway of3000'.

Non-IAP Airports shown on the Alaska LowAltitude Charts have a minimum hard or softsurface runway of 3000'.

Airports shown on the U.S. High Altitude Chartshave a minimum hard surface runway of 5000'.

Airports shown on the Alaska High AltitudeCharts have a minimum hard or soft surfacerunway of 4000'.

Associated city names for public airports areshown above or preceding the airport name. Ifairport name and city name are the same, onlythe airport name is shown. City names formilitary and private airports are not shown.

The airport ide

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