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The 2019 Optometrist ReportEyecare
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Analytics www.covalentcareers.com 2019 Optometrist Report | 2
Introduction 3
Survey Methods 7
Survey Demographics 5–7
Settings and Practice Models 7–9
Optometry Students and Life After Grad School 10–11
Optometrists and Practice Owners: 5-Year Goals 12–14
Optometry and The AOA 15–16
Optometry and Recruitment Marketing 17–18
Current vs. Starting Salaries in Optometry 19–23
Salary Satisfaction 23
Optometry and Student Loan Debt 24–26
Confidence in Repaying Student Loan Debt 26
Practice Management 27–28
Vision Plans 28
Prescriptions 28
Wellness Exams 28
Number of Optometrists in Office 28
What Does Your Practice Spend on Marketing Each Month? 28
Favorite Optometric Brands and Practice Tech 29–32
The Future of Optometry 33–35
Optometry and Private Equity 34
The 2019 Optometrist Report
INTRODUCTION
Analytics www.covalentcareers.com 2019 Optometrist Report | 3
Hi friends and colleagues,
Thank you for taking the time to read our 2019 Optometrist Report. When I graduated optometry school back in 2013, it was very difficult to find accurate, free, and well-organized data about our wonderful profession. For that reason, my team and I set out on a journey to provide you—the student, the optometrist, the business professional—with accurate, free, and high-quality data. We now produce around five reports like this each year on a variety of topics—so please, stay subscribed to our email list to ensure you continue to receive updates.
This year we captured a segmented respondent size of 798 optometrists and 202 students, as well as 91 practice owners. When we slice up this data, some very interesting trends emerge. I’ve highlighted some of the most interesting trends that are noteworthy and worth a larger discussion.
When we asked optometry students, “Do you feel your optometry school is adequately preparing you?” we found that the average “feeling of preparedness” dropped by 16% between the first and fourth year. It seems that reality begins to set in for those nearing their graduation date. Having been there, done that, I can certainly empathize with future optometrists. I believe this is low-hanging fruit for both optometry schools and industry players to provide supplemental education.
If you asked me what my five-year plan was as a new graduate optometrist, I would have been part of the 8.8% that said, “Open a private practice cold, of course.” I found it very interesting that comparing
CovalentCareers’ 2017 report results to these 2019 results, there was a 6.9% increase in the number of optometrists who said they wanted to remain an employee, and a 7.7% decrease in the number of optometrists who wanted to buy into a private practice. I think many will ask whether this is a result of private equity gaining a foothold in optometry. Will optometrists’ goals go unmet due to the dwindling ability to buy into a practice as private equity buys up practices?
My gut tells me this won’t be an issue in the short term, but the long term is a different question. According to Vision Monday, the top 20 retailers grew their number of locations from 14,500 in 2016 to 14,690 in 2018, which is a 1.31% increase. So yes, private equity and corporations are growing their number of locations, but 1.31% isn’t enough to ruin the dreams of students and new graduates. On a similar note, the number of optometrists wanting to open a private practice cold is decreasing, but not all that significantly. I personally have enormous faith in companies like iCareAdvisors, LLC, a cold start group led by Eric Baas, OD, and Robert Steinmetz, OD, to drive future change in this area. Give them a look if you’re curious.
This next theme is near and dear to me for obvious reasons, but I am always fascinated by how many optometrists are interested in a non-clinical career. This year we hit record-high numbers of 52.5% with a blatant “yes.” Perhaps this number is high because more optometrists than ever feel burned out, or perhaps it’s high because optometry has a large retail, medical device, pharmaceutical, and consulting side.
I personally see this 52.5% number as a double-edged sword. It’s good because more optometrists contributing to the business side of optometry will help us to always keep the patient in mind. But it’s bad, because optometry is clearly facing an OD shortage estimated at 9,000 full-time-equivalent ODs. This shortage is felt most strongly in rural areas. Every optometrist who goes non-clinical hurts patients’ ability to access care.
There’s so much I want to say about page 14, which is all the data we have about the AOA, but I’ll let you scroll to that one on your own. . . Let’s just say I’m very unhappy that this problem hasn’t been solved, although I do understand that many people are working hard to solve it.
For all the employers out there, we’ve got a very interesting section on recruitment that is a must-read! 86% of optometrists research an employer’s brand and culture prior to applying for a job. In fact, culture ranks #1 for what optometrist job seekers feel is most important about an employer’s brand. However, the average employer only spends $826 per year “marketing their employer brand,” while a plurality of employers we surveyed (the mode) spend absolutely nothing. Practice owners also ranked the importance of their employer brand very low, at barely 6 of 10.
What’s even funnier is that employers say “staff” is their #1 headache in practice. It’s my thought that this low investment and low consideration for recruiting is causing this staff headache. There is a clear mismatch between what job seekers are looking for and what employers are delivering.
Some would argue that optometrists need a job and they’ll take anything they can get—but this is flat out wrong. There is only 3.7% national unemployment right now, and it’s still on the decline. Optometrist unemployment is likely near 0%, considering the aforementioned 9,000 FTE shortage of ODs. Combine that with an average confidence of paying off student debt at a low 6 out of 10, and you’ve created the perfect storm for employers to have major headaches finding talent. So they must increase their investment in talent acquisition, and must increase their time horizons. Gone are the days, especially for rural areas, where you can post a job on a job board and expect applications to roll in.
Ok, our editors are kicking me out and telling me I’ve exceeded my commentary limits! I truly hope you enjoy this report and that the data is valuable to you, in whatever way it helps your organization to achieve your goals. You can email me at [email protected] if you want to continue the conversation, but otherwise, please keep on the lookout for our upcoming reports on a variety of topics!
-Matt Geller, OD
Co-founder & CEO CovalentCareers, Inc.
What is CovalentCareers?CovalentCareers is a career development company for new healthcare professionals, providing them with education, mentorship, and job opportunities. From small private practices to large companies hiring hundreds of ODs, CovalentCareers provides all employers with scalable talent acquisition solutions. CovalentCareers, which was co-founded by an optometrist, has been in business since 2013 and houses nearly 20 employees in San Diego, California. CovalentCareers has built a passionate community of students, new graduates, and experienced professionals that together form one of the largest healthcare education and job websites online with millions of yearly visitors. CovalentCareers is strongly focused on giving back—whether donating 10% of revenue to private practice clubs, medical mission trips in Andrah Pradesh, India, local community Day of Service events, or VTO days—we’re obsessive about giving back to our local community, our profession, and abroad. If your organization needs to hire ODs or opticians, we’re here for you! If you need a great optometry job or career advice—we’re here for you! Any other questions or comments? You guessed it—we’re here for you!
SURVEYDEMOGRAPHICS
Analytics www.covalentcareers.com 2019 Optometrist Report | 4
Analytics www.covalentcareers.com 2019 Optometrist Report | 5
SURVEY DEMOGRAPHICS
This survey was performed through Typeform, with the incentive of a raffle for (100) $5.00 Starbucks gift cards.
1,214people completed the survey.
Out of those,
750were currently practicing optometrists,
276were current optometry students, and
63were practice owners.
We filtered the data by grad year, narrowing down our analysis to those optometrists who did or would graduate between 2000 and 2022. This was in order to remove outliers (most grad years outside of this range had fewer than 10 individual respondents).
Female Male Prefer not to say
Optometrist 65.9%
24.1%
7.5%
0.1%
0.1%
0.2%
0.5%
0.6%
1.0%
OptometryStudent
Practice Owner/Partner
Practice Staff
Industry
Resident
Educator
Billing Specialist
Retired
73.5% 25.3% 1.2%
Practice Owner/Partner
OptometryStudent
Optometrists63 276 750
Female Male56.7% 43.3%
Female Male78.6% 21.4%
Female Male Prefer not to say73.2% 26.0% 0.8%
Optometrists
What describes your role in eyecare
Top respondents roles in eyecare
Practice Owners
Optometry Students
All Respondents
100%
What is your gender? What is your role in eyecare?
Analytics www.covalentcareers.com 2019 Optometrist Report | 6
SURVEY DEMOGRAPHICS
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
3
4
3
3
1
5
2
7
11
14
16
15
34
39
63
74
105
113
137
83
Opt
omet
rists
Prac
tice
Ow
ners
Opt
omet
ry S
tude
nts
1974
1977
1979
1981
1985
1986
1988
1989
1991
1992
1993
1995
1995
1997
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
3
2
2
2
2
1
3
2
2
3
1
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
12
30
63
102
79
2005
2006
2007
2008
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2
2
4
1
7
4
2
7
8
10
5
2
1
In what year did you or will you graduate optometry school?
SETTINGS ANDPRACTICE MODELS
Analytics www.covalentcareers.com 2019 Optometrist Report | 7
SETTINGS AND PRACTICE MODELS
Analytics www.covalentcareers.com 2019 Optometrist Report | 8
Private Practice 67.5%
9.1%
8.8%
1.1%
1.5%
2.9%
6.2%Hospital
CorporatePractice
OphthalmologyPractice
VAMC
I plan to openmy own practiceCorporateSublease
Uncertain 0.7%
0.4%
0.4%
0.4%
0.4%
0.4%
0.4%Indian HealthService
University
RefractiveSurgery Center
Residency
Military
Group Practice
Private Practice 45.1%
52.2%
16.5%
20.1%
11.5%
10.0%
7.1%
9.3%
4.8%
3.8%
4.1%
0.0%
3.5%
3.8%
1.9%
0.0%
1.6%
0.0%
1.2%
0.0%
0.8%
0.8%
0.4%
0.0%
0.4%
0.0%
0.3%
0.0%
0.3%
0.0%
0.1%
0.0%
0.1%
0.0%
0.1%
0.0%
0.1%
0.0%
0.1%
0.0%
36.8%Private Practice
15.9%Stay in current
setting
15.4%Opening myown practice
9.0%Ophthalmology
Practice
5.5%Hospital
3.8%CorporatePractice
3.3%Refractive
Surgery Center
2.6%VAMC
2.4%CorporateSublease
1.9%Eyecare Industry/
Business/Non-Clinical
1.7%Private Practice
Managed by Private Equity
0.7%Telemedicine
0.5%Academia
0.2%Uncertain
0.2%Research
CorporateSublease
OphthalmologyPractice
CorporatePractice
Hospital
Private PracticePrivate Equity
VAMC
Academia
Eyecare Industry/Buisiness
RefractiveSurgery Center
CommunityClinic/FQHC
IndependentContractor
Military
Indian HealthService
Public Health
Telemedicine
Mobile/SchoolBased Health
Tribal Clinic
VA HospitalHMO
In which optometry setting would you like to practice?In which optometery settingwould you like to practice?
In which optometry settingdo you primarily practice?
Compared to2017 survey
100% 100%
Optometry Students Optometrists ODs looking to change jobs
While only 8.8% of ODs who are graduating responded that they were planning to work in corporate practice, almost double that percentage of clinical optometrists ended up practicing in a corporate setting (16.5%). This could be due to a lack of private practice opportunities, or other factors like competitive salary and benefits packages offered by corporate companies.
Out of optometrists looking to change jobs, only
36.8%want to work in private practice.
Compared to the
67.5%of optometrists who want to work in private practice after graduation, this is quite a decrease; however, 15.4% of optometrists looking to change jobs want to open their own practice, which could account for the significant change in response rates.
Keep your eyes on telemedicine — more optometrists are expressing their interest in this modality than in research or academia. We believe this trend will continue as the available technology and medical networks continue to improve and grow, opening the opportunity for care to a wider range of individuals and likely bringing down the costs of eye exams.
SETTINGS AND PRACTICE MODELS
Analytics www.covalentcareers.com 2019 Optometrist Report | 9
Practice Owners
Lenscrafters 17.5%
15.0%
14.4%
3.7%
5.0%
5.6%
8.8%Walmart
Visionworks
America’s Best
Costco
MrEyeDr
Target Optical
Pearle Vision 3.7%
3.1%
2.5%
18.1%
2.5%For Eyes
Eyeglass World
NationwideVision
Others
59.9%Primary
Care
16.3%Ocular
Disease
7.2%Contact Lens
4.4%Vision
Therapy
3.6%Pediatrics
3.1%RefractiveSurgery
2.6%Cornea &AnteriorSegment
1.6%MyopiaControl
0.8%Low Vision
0.2%Concussion
and TBI
0.2%Geriatrics
0.1%Neurological
Care
Optometrists
Optometrists
Private Practice82.2%
Corporate Sublease14.4%
Corporate Practice2.2%
Private Practice ManagedBy Private Equity
1.1%100%
Practice Owners
Lenscrafters 17.5%
15.0%
14.4%
3.7%
5.0%
5.6%
8.8%Walmart
Visionworks
America’s Best
Costco
MrEyeDr
Target Optical
Pearle Vision 3.7%
3.1%
2.5%
18.1%
2.5%For Eyes
Eyeglass World
NationwideVision
Others
59.9%Primary
Care
16.3%Ocular
Disease
7.2%Contact Lens
4.4%Vision
Therapy
3.6%Pediatrics
3.1%RefractiveSurgery
2.6%Cornea &AnteriorSegment
1.6%MyopiaControl
0.8%Low Vision
0.2%Concussion
and TBI
0.2%Geriatrics
0.1%Neurological
Care
Optometrists
Optometrists
Private Practice82.2%
Corporate Sublease14.4%
Corporate Practice2.2%
Private Practice ManagedBy Private Equity
1.1%100%
Practice Owners
Lenscrafters 17.5%
15.0%
14.4%
3.7%
5.0%
5.6%
8.8%Walmart
Visionworks
America’s Best
Costco
MrEyeDr
Target Optical
Pearle Vision 3.7%
3.1%
2.5%
18.1%
2.5%For Eyes
Eyeglass World
NationwideVision
Others
59.9%Primary
Care
16.3%Ocular
Disease
7.2%Contact Lens
4.4%Vision
Therapy
3.6%Pediatrics
3.1%RefractiveSurgery
2.6%Cornea &AnteriorSegment
1.6%MyopiaControl
0.8%Low Vision
0.2%Concussion
and TBI
0.2%Geriatrics
0.1%Neurological
Care
Optometrists
Optometrists
Private Practice82.2%
Corporate Sublease14.4%
Corporate Practice2.2%
Private Practice ManagedBy Private Equity
1.1%100%
The number of optometrists with a clinical focus on Concussion and TBI is low compared to the prevalence of injury and the increase in awareness of their impact on long-term health. Don’t be surprised if you see more clinicians taking on a focus in Concussion, and an increase in the number of practices that work closely with schools and student athletes as part of an interdisciplinary team.
At which corporatelocation are youcurrently practicing?
What practice setting do you work in?
What is your current clinical focus?
OPTOMETRYSTUDENTS AND LIFE AFTER GRAD SCHOOL
Analytics www.covalentcareers.com 2019 Optometrist Report | 10
OPTOMETRY STUDENTS AND LIFE AFTER GRAD SCHOOL
Analytics www.covalentcareers.com 2019 Optometrist Report | 11
Neutral42.0%
Not confident29.2%
Confident28.8% M
ore Negative
More Positive
Graduation Year
10
8
4
6
0
2
2019 2020 2021 2022
6.05 6.19
6.907.23
How confident are you about being ableto manage finances after graduation?
Do you feel your optometry schoolis adequately preparing you?
28.8%of optometry students feel confident about managing finances and taxes after graduation, yet 100% will be faced with this challenge!This sounds like an area of opportunity. Could employers offer support and education around finances to help attract new talent for their practice?Are there organizations that want to take on this educational challenge for the remaining 71.2% of optometrists who did not indicate confidence in these subjects?
Students just entering school are currently more optimistic about how well they’ll be prepared for life after school, while that feeling drops
16%from 7.23 to 6.05 for the students who are graduating this year.
OPTOMETRISTS ANDPRACTICE OWNERS:FIVE YEAR GOALS
Analytics www.covalentcareers.com 2019 Optometrist Report | 12
OPTOMETRISTS AND PRACTICE OWNERS: FIVE YEAR GOALS
Analytics www.covalentcareers.com 2019 Optometrist Report | 13
In the next five years,what career path are you most likely to take?
Percentage of each grad year that wants to open a practice
Compared to previous survey from 2017
52.2%Remain anemployee
32.5%Buy into a
private practice
8.8%Open a privatepractice cold
4.5%Start a corporate
sublease
1.0%Transition to
academia/research
0.3%Transition to
industry
0.3%Become an
independentcontractor
0.3%Go backto school
0.1%Uncertain
% That w
ant to open a practice
In what year did you or will you graduate from optometry school
20%
10%
15%
0
5%
2005 2007 2009 20132011 2015 2017 2019
0.0
7.14
13.3
5.88
9.52 9.52
14.9
6.57
8.85
5.81
7.69
18.8
6.25
0.0
20.0
45.3%Remain anemployee
40.2%Buy into a
private practice
9.3%Open a privatepractice cold
5.2%Start a corporate
sublease
Optometrists Optometrists
Buy in, or open cold? With the baby boomer generation continuing to work through their transition plans, it’s great to see that
32.5%of optometrists would like to own a practice over the next five years.However, this number has decreased significantly from 40.2% in 2017. If this trend continues, we will see a significant disconnect between the number of optometrists who would like to sell their practice to the number of optometrists who want to own a practice. If you’re planning a transition, make sure to take into account the trends and values of the next generation of optometrists.
OPTOMETRISTS AND PRACTICE OWNERS: FIVE YEAR GOALS
Analytics www.covalentcareers.com 2019 Optometrist Report | 14
Optometrists
53.3%Grow the
business in mycurrent location
20.0%Add an
associateoptometrist
12.2%Remain on
my feet
6.7%Open oneadditionallocation
5.6%Sell mypractice
2.2%Open several
additionallocations
% Interest in a non-clinical career
In what year did you or will you graduate from optometry school
80%
40%
60%
0
20%
2009 2011 2013 20172015 2019
64.3
53.3
43.8
59.0
64.961.0
55.2
36.1
40.9
54.055.9
Practice Owners Optometrists
Yes52.5%
No43.9%
I already have anon-clinical career
in eyecare
3.5%
What is your number one practicegoal in the next 3 years?
Do you have any interest ina non-clinical career?
Do you feel your optometry schooladequately prepared you for life after graduate school?
More than halfof optometrists want to pursue a non-clinical career, yet only 3.5% state that they have a non-clinical career.This is something that the profession must learn more about, as it can have significant implications for an industry which already has a shortage of clinicians while graduation rates remain flat.More to come from the CovalentCareers team on this subject!
Optometrists
53.3%Grow the
business in mycurrent location
20.0%Add an
associateoptometrist
12.2%Remain on
my feet
6.7%Open oneadditionallocation
5.6%Sell mypractice
2.2%Open several
additionallocations
% Interest in a non-clinical career
In what year did you or will you graduate from optometry school
80%
40%
60%
0
20%
2009 2011 2013 20172015 2019
64.3
53.3
43.8
59.0
64.961.0
55.2
36.1
40.9
54.055.9
Practice Owners Optometrists
Yes52.5%
No43.9%
I already have anon-clinical career
in eyecare
3.5%
OPTOMETRYAND THE AOA
Analytics www.covalentcareers.com 2019 Optometrist Report | 15
OPTOMETRY AND THE AOA
Analytics www.covalentcareers.com 2019 Optometrist Report | 16
Optometrists
Optometry Students
Upon graduation, do you plan tobecome a member of the AOA?
Percentage of optometry students planning to jointhe AOA after graduation, by grad year
Are you currently amember of the AOA?
37.5%I don’t see any
benefit tomembership
25.0%I advocate forthe professionin other ways
25.0%It’s too
expensive
8.3%It’s too difficult
to accessresources/
attend events
4.2%I don’t feel
they advocatefor the right
things
66.1%It’s too
expensive
14.9%I don’t see any
benefit tomembership
9.5%I advocate forthe professionin other ways
5.4%It’s too difficult
to accessresources/
attend events
2.1%I don’t feel
they advocatefor the right
things
2.0%They are out oftouch with the
profession’sneeds
% Planning to becom
e a mem
ber of the AO
A
In what year did you or will you graduate from optometry school
100%
90%
95%
85%
80%
2019 2020 2021 20232022
100
96.7
95.2
90.2
87.3
Yes90.2%
No9.8%
Yes66.9%
No33.1%
Optometry Students Optometrists
What is your top reason not to join the AOA?
Optometrists
Optometry Students
Upon graduation, do you plan tobecome a member of the AOA?
Percentage of optometry students planning to jointhe AOA after graduation, by grad year
Are you currently amember of the AOA?
37.5%I don’t see any
benefit tomembership
25.0%I advocate forthe professionin other ways
25.0%It’s too
expensive
8.3%It’s too difficult
to accessresources/
attend events
4.2%I don’t feel
they advocatefor the right
things
66.1%It’s too
expensive
14.9%I don’t see any
benefit tomembership
9.5%I advocate forthe professionin other ways
5.4%It’s too difficult
to accessresources/
attend events
2.1%I don’t feel
they advocatefor the right
things
2.0%They are out oftouch with the
profession’sneeds
% Planning to becom
e a mem
ber of the AO
A
In what year did you or will you graduate from optometry school
100%
90%
95%
85%
80%
2019 2020 2021 20232022
100
96.7
95.2
90.2
87.3
Yes90.2%
No9.8%
Yes66.9%
No33.1%
OPTOMETRY AND RECRUITMENTMARKETING
Analytics www.covalentcareers.com 2019 Optometrist Report | 17
OPTOMETRY AND RECRUITMENT-MARKETING
Analytics www.covalentcareers.com 2019 Optometrist Report | 18
Optometrists
Optometrists
Optometry Students
47.5%Practice/Companywebsite
13.6%I don’t research
potentialemployers
13.6%Their job
description
10.2%Glassdoor or
other employeereviews
10.2%Social Media
5.1%Networking
45.3%Practice/Companywebsite
17.6%Their job
description
13.9%Reach outpersonallyto currentemployees
8.8%Social Media
7.3%Glassdoor or
other employeereviews
6.8%I don’t research
potentialemployers
0.3%Networking
61.4%Company
Culture
22.9%Ethics
8.4%Leadership
4.9%An employer’s
brand is notimportant to me
2.4%Philanthropy
Optometrists
26.0%Compensation
19.5%Flexibility
14.4%Specialty and
Setting
14.1%Autonomy
12.8%Stability
8.6%Culture
3.7%Mentorship
0.9%Leadership
Practice Owners
60.4%Sourcing qualitycandidates thatare the right fit
20.8%My practice or
loaction isperceived asundesirable
6.3%The industrylacks qualitycandidates
6.3%I’m not good
at interviewing/screening
4.2%I don’t know
how to attractthe right ODs
2.0%I simply
have no timefor this
Optometrists
Optometrists
Optometry Students
47.5%Practice/Companywebsite
13.6%I don’t research
potentialemployers
13.6%Their job
description
10.2%Glassdoor or
other employeereviews
10.2%Social Media
5.1%Networking
45.3%Practice/Companywebsite
17.6%Their job
description
13.9%Reach outpersonallyto currentemployees
8.8%Social Media
7.3%Glassdoor or
other employeereviews
6.8%I don’t research
potentialemployers
0.3%Networking
61.4%Company
Culture
22.9%Ethics
8.4%Leadership
4.9%An employer’s
brand is notimportant to me
2.4%Philanthropy
Optometrists
26.0%Compensation
19.5%Flexibility
14.4%Specialty and
Setting
14.1%Autonomy
12.8%Stability
8.6%Culture
3.7%Mentorship
0.9%Leadership
Practice Owners
60.4%Sourcing qualitycandidates thatare the right fit
20.8%My practice or
loaction isperceived asundesirable
6.3%The industrylacks qualitycandidates
6.3%I’m not good
at interviewing/screening
4.2%I don’t know
how to attractthe right ODs
2.0%I simply
have no timefor this
Optometrists
Optometrists
Optometry Students
47.5%Practice/Companywebsite
13.6%I don’t research
potentialemployers
13.6%Their job
description
10.2%Glassdoor or
other employeereviews
10.2%Social Media
5.1%Networking
45.3%Practice/Companywebsite
17.6%Their job
description
13.9%Reach outpersonallyto currentemployees
8.8%Social Media
7.3%Glassdoor or
other employeereviews
6.8%I don’t research
potentialemployers
0.3%Networking
61.4%Company
Culture
22.9%Ethics
8.4%Leadership
4.9%An employer’s
brand is notimportant to me
2.4%Philanthropy
Optometrists
26.0%Compensation
19.5%Flexibility
14.4%Specialty and
Setting
14.1%Autonomy
12.8%Stability
8.6%Culture
3.7%Mentorship
0.9%Leadership
Practice Owners
60.4%Sourcing qualitycandidates thatare the right fit
20.8%My practice or
loaction isperceived asundesirable
6.3%The industrylacks qualitycandidates
6.3%I’m not good
at interviewing/screening
4.2%I don’t know
how to attractthe right ODs
2.0%I simply
have no timefor this
What is the #1 way you research potentialemployers before applying to a job?
What is your top consideration for a job?
What is the hardest part abouthiring an optometrist?
What is the most important aspectof an employer’s brand to you?
$826is the average spend per year on employer branding and recruitment marketing
$0is the mode spend on employer branding and recruitment marketing (aka what most people reported spending on this)
5.88Practice owners’ average ranking of the importance of their employer branding when hiring an OD.
When over
95%of optometrists find value in employer branding, practices must start putting more focus and resources towards attracting talent with their employer brand in mind.
CURRENT VS.STARTING SALARIESIN OPTOMETRY
Analytics www.covalentcareers.com 2019 Optometrist Report | 19
CURRENT VS. STARTING SALARIES IN OPTOMETRY
Analytics www.covalentcareers.com 2019 Optometrist Report | 20
What is your expected starting salary?
What was your starting salary as a new grad?
What is yourcurrent salary?
Optometry Students
$130,001-$140,000 2.6%
8.0%
11.7%
7.7%
10.2%
24.5%
27.7%$100,001-$110,000
$110,001-$120,000
$120,001-$130,000
$90,001-$100,000
$80,001-$90,000
$70,001-$80,000
$60,001-$70,000 2.6%
4.0%
1.0%Others
Less Than $60,000
More than $200,000 0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%$160,001-$170,000
$170,001-$180,000
$180,001-$190,000
$150,001-$160,000
Optometrists
$130,001-$140,000
0.3%
0.3%
0.5%
10.2%
8.9%
2.6%
0.8%
$100,001-$110,000
$110,001-$120,000
$120,001-$130,000
More than $200,000
$140,001-$150,000
$150,001-$160,000
$160,001-$170,000
$90,001-$100,000
$80,001-$90,000
$70,001-$80,000
$60,001-$70,000
20.8%
17.5%
17.3%
Less Than $60,000
$130,001-$140,000
$100,001-$110,000
$110,001-$120,000
$120,001-$130,000
More than $200,000
$140,001-$150,000
$150,001-$160,000
$160,001-$170,000
$170,001-$180,000
$180,001-$190,000
$90,001-$100,000
$80,001-$90,000
$70,001-$80,000
$60,001-$70,000
Less Than $60,000
7.9%
4.1%
8.7%
Optometrists
1.2%
1.0%
0.8%
7.8%
4.5%
2.9%
1.4%
15.8%
15.6%
19.4%
10.9%
5.6%
2.7%
2.0%
8.3%
0.0%
0.0%$170,001-$180,000
$180,001-$190,000
100% 100% 100%
CURRENT VS. STARTING SALARIES IN OPTOMETRY
Analytics www.covalentcareers.com 2019 Optometrist Report | 21
Average Starting Salary
Graduation year
$70,000
$80,000
$90,000
$100,000
$110,000
2000 2002 2004 20082006 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
88.5k85k 85k
95k
83k
89k91.3k 90.9k
93.5k97.7k
102k
98.5k 99.3k
91.4k96k
82.6k
88.3k
77.8k
91.7k
73k
Optometrists
Average Salary
Graduation year
$90,000
$110,000
$130,000
$150,000
2000 2002 2004 20082006 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
117k
145k
135k
122k
107k
120k123k
126k
113k 115k
98.3k 96.7k
131k
114k119k
112k 112k116k
125k
95k
Optometrists
Optometrists
Increase71.7%
Stay the same25.2%
Decrease3.1%
What was your starting salary? (by grad year)
What is your current salary? (by grad year)
With a shortage of optometrists and more positions to fill than ODs to fill them, it’s not surprising that we’re seeing both the median starting salary and the average salary on the rise.Add in the increase in student debt and the fact that compensation is ranked the #1 consideration for accepting a job, and we can understand why organizations offering the highest salaries have been able to hire at the fastest rates.
The median starting salary for optometrists is
$96,350The median current salary for optometrists is
$112,178
In the nextyear I expectmy income to:
CURRENT VS. STARTING SALARIES IN OPTOMETRY
Analytics www.covalentcareers.com 2019 Optometrist Report | 22
Optometrists (Female) Optometrists (Male)
More than $200,000
50%
0.87%
3.59%
0.87%
2.56%
2.44%
4.62%
1.22%
3.59%
0.35%
$160,001-$170,000
$170,001-$180,000
$180,001-$190,000
$150,001-$160,000
$140,001-$150,000
$130,001-$140,000
$120,001-$130,000
$110,001-$120,000
$100,001-$110,000
$90,001-$100,000
$80,001-$90,000
$70,001-$80,000
$60,001-$70,000
Less than $60,000
4.62%
3.83%
6.67%
5.64%
9.23%
3.59%
1.57%
1.54%
3.14%
7.18%
4.88%
3.59%
12.72%
14.87%
19.86%
15.38%
14.98%
14.36%
16.20%
7.69%
7.49%
2.9%$150,001 - $160,000
4.1%$140,001 - $150,000
4.1%$130,001 - $140,000
12.2%$120,001 - $130,000
16.3%$110,001 - $120,000
16.3%$100,001 - $110,000
11.0%$90,001 - $100,000
4.1%$80,001 - $90,000
25.0%Less than $60,000
4.1%Others
Optometrists
Current optometrist salaries, filtered by gender
Current salaries for ODs who did a residency
We see a significant difference in the median salary for male ODs vs female ODs, yet the field is predominantly female.The ratio for male and female salaries in the range of $100,000-$140,000 are fairly close; however, we see a significant difference between the percentage of male and female optometrists earning over
$150,000Median salary forfemale ODs
$109,111Median salary formale ODs
$120,948Median salary for ODs whodid a residency
$104,661Median salary for ODs whodid not do a residency
$114,694
CURRENT VS. STARTING SALARIES IN OPTOMETRY
Analytics www.covalentcareers.com 2019 Optometrist Report | 23
Average Current Salary
Average Current Salary
Graduation year
$70,000
$90,000
$110,000
$130,000
$150,000
2001 2003 2005 20092007 2011 2013 2015 2017
125k
145k
125k
145k
87k
125k125k
135k
108k
127k
115k121k
130k
114k
126k
110k
127k128k
Optometrists
Graduation year
$75,000
$100,000
$125,000
$150,000
2000 2002 2004 20082006 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
115k 115k
135k
117k109k
95.3k
116k 111k118k
110k
96.1k
125k
110k 110k105k
Optometrists
Current salary of ODs in corporate practice (by grad year)
Current salary of ODs in private practice (by grad year)
6.48Is the average rate for how satisfied optometrists are with their current salary.
6.81Is the average rate for how satisfied practice owners are with their current salary.
The average salary for corporate optometrists is
$120,722The average salary for private practice optometrists is
$106,749
OPTOMETRY ANDSTUDENT LOAN DEBT
Analytics www.covalentcareers.com 2019 Optometrist Report | 24
OPTOMETRY AND STUDENT LOAN DEBT
Analytics www.covalentcareers.com 2019 Optometrist Report | 25
Rank how confident you are in your ability to repay your student loans (by grad year)
Current outstanding student loan debt (ODs who did a residency)
Student debt is real, and it’s growing. Optometrists who take on residency tend to have higher levels of student debt, yet the majority of those who go through residency do not regret their choice! Also, of the optometrists we surveyed, it took residents less time to get out of debt than ODs who did not pursue residency.
Optometrists are able to own a practice while still carrying student debt, and those who do own a practice state their confidence level of paying back their loans is an
8.27/10compared to the overall average of
6.74/10!Average confidence level in repaying student loans
Student Loan Debt
Graduation year
Confidence level
$100,000
$200,000
$300,000
2007 2009 2011 20152013 2017 2019
70k
200k
134k 135k
226k
159k184k 188k
112k
2.5k
80.8k88.7k
35k
OptometristsOptometry Students
Optometry Students Optometrists Practice Owners
101
More Confident
7
6
5
2019 2021 20232022
101
5.876.036.02
8.276.746.94
5.8
Confidence level 101 Confidence level 101
OPTOMETRY AND STUDENT LOAN DEBT
Analytics www.covalentcareers.com 2019 Optometrist Report | 26
The average student loan debt for optometry students
$149,408for optometrists
$134,199for practice owners
$59,105The average student loan debt among optometrists who did a residency
$146,149The average student loan debt among optometrists who did not do a residency
$122,071
Average Student Loan D
ebtA
verage Student Loan Debt
Graduation year
Graduation year
$50,000
$100,000
$150,000
$200,000
2000 2002 2004 20082006 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
38.7k
80k
125k
31.9k
52.9k
119k
66.4k
119k113k
153k158k
154k173k
82.7k
118k
63k
0k
48k
12.7k33.3k
All Respondents
$50,000
$100,000
$150,000
$200,000
2000 2002 2004 20082006 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
71.8k
43k
0k
164k
99k100k
133k
60k
110k93k
135k
12.9k20k
53.8k
75k
Practice Owners
15.1k0k0k
Student loan debt (All Respondents)
Student loan debt (Practice Owners)
PRACTICEMANAGEMENT
Analytics www.covalentcareers.com 2019 Optometrist Report | 27
PRACTICE MANAGEMENT
Analytics www.covalentcareers.com 2019 Optometrist Report | 28
Over the next 3 years, how likely is your practice to stop accepting vision plans?
3.17 for optometrists, and
3.69for practice owners.
If you had to estimate, what percentage of your patients walk out with their Rx and don’t purchase from your practice?
35.9%for optometrists, and
33.6%for practice owners.
On average
4.44optometrists work at each office.
On average
2.27optometrists work at each practice.
# of Optometrists
Practice Owners
Optometrists
1.8%> $10,000
2.5%> $5,000
0.7%$4,001-$5,000
3.7%$1,001-$2,000
5.7%$501-$1,000
9.2%$101-$500
3.8%$51-$100
8.2%< $50
62.5%I have no idea
0.8%$3,001-$4,000
1.4%$2,001-$3,000
1.1%> $10,000
20.0%$1,001-$2,000
23.3%$501-$1,000
18.9%$101-$500
12.2%$51-$100
5.6%< $50 I have no idea
3.3%> $5,000
2.2%$4,001-$5,000
5.6% 7.8%$2,001-$3,000
Yes68.3%
No31.7%
Optometrists Optometrists
Yes56.7%
No43.3%
Practice Owners
Yes64.1%
No35.9%
Compared to all ODs in 2017 survey
543210
250
0
50
100
150
200
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 19 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 60 65 100
57961262041182 27 23 15 5 14 5 8 4 1 5 1 1 7 2 2 2 2 1 2 1 1 1
Respondents
Interestedin offeringwellness orscreeningexams?
Number of optometrists in office
How much does your practice spend on marketing each month?# of Optometrists
Practice Owners
Optometrists
1.8%> $10,000
2.5%> $5,000
0.7%$4,001-$5,000
3.7%$1,001-$2,000
5.7%$501-$1,000
9.2%$101-$500
3.8%$51-$100
8.2%< $50
62.5%I have no idea
0.8%$3,001-$4,000
1.4%$2,001-$3,000
1.1%> $10,000
20.0%$1,001-$2,000
23.3%$501-$1,000
18.9%$101-$500
12.2%$51-$100
5.6%< $50 I have no idea
3.3%> $5,000
2.2%$4,001-$5,000
5.6% 7.8%$2,001-$3,000
Yes68.3%
No31.7%
Optometrists Optometrists
Yes56.7%
No43.3%
Practice Owners
Yes64.1%
No35.9%
Compared to all ODs in 2017 survey
543210
250
0
50
100
150
200
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 19 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 60 65 100
57961262041182 27 23 15 5 14 5 8 4 1 5 1 1 7 2 2 2 2 1 2 1 1 1
Respondents
# of Optometrists
Practice Owners
Optometrists
1.8%> $10,000
2.5%> $5,000
0.7%$4,001-$5,000
3.7%$1,001-$2,000
5.7%$501-$1,000
9.2%$101-$500
3.8%$51-$100
8.2%< $50
62.5%I have no idea
0.8%$3,001-$4,000
1.4%$2,001-$3,000
1.1%> $10,000
20.0%$1,001-$2,000
23.3%$501-$1,000
18.9%$101-$500
12.2%$51-$100
5.6%< $50 I have no idea
3.3%> $5,000
2.2%$4,001-$5,000
5.6% 7.8%$2,001-$3,000
Yes68.3%
No31.7%
Optometrists Optometrists
Yes56.7%
No43.3%
Practice Owners
Yes64.1%
No35.9%
Compared to all ODs in 2017 survey
543210
250
0
50
100
150
200
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 19 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 60 65 100
57961262041182 27 23 15 5 14 5 8 4 1 5 1 1 7 2 2 2 2 1 2 1 1 1
Respondents
# of Optometrists
Practice Owners
Optometrists
1.8%> $10,000
2.5%> $5,000
0.7%$4,001-$5,000
3.7%$1,001-$2,000
5.7%$501-$1,000
9.2%$101-$500
3.8%$51-$100
8.2%< $50
62.5%I have no idea
0.8%$3,001-$4,000
1.4%$2,001-$3,000
1.1%> $10,000
20.0%$1,001-$2,000
23.3%$501-$1,000
18.9%$101-$500
12.2%$51-$100
5.6%< $50 I have no idea
3.3%> $5,000
2.2%$4,001-$5,000
5.6% 7.8%$2,001-$3,000
Yes68.3%
No31.7%
Optometrists Optometrists
Yes56.7%
No43.3%
Practice Owners
Yes64.1%
No35.9%
Compared to all ODs in 2017 survey
543210
250
0
50
100
150
200
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 19 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 60 65 100
57961262041182 27 23 15 5 14 5 8 4 1 5 1 1 7 2 2 2 2 1 2 1 1 1
Respondents
FAVORITEOPTOMETRIC BRANDS AND PRACTICE TECH
Analytics www.covalentcareers.com 2019 Optometrist Report | 29
FAVORITE OPTOMETRIC BRANDS AND PRACTICE TECH
Analytics www.covalentcareers.com 2019 Optometrist Report | 30
Does your practice use an ultra-widefieldfundus camera?
If your current practice has an OCT, what brand do you use?
Which of the following tools do you primarily use for tonometry?
40.4%NCT
33.3%Goldman
23.0%iCare Tonometer
3.3%Tonopen
36.7%NCT
31.1%iCare Tonometer
28.9%Goldman
3.3%Tonopen
Yes48.4%
No50.6%
Optometrists Optometrists Optometrists
Yes58.9%
No41.1%
Practice Owners
34.8%Carl ZeissMeditec
29.2%We don’t have
an OCT
18.3%Optovue
2.3%NIDEK
0.3%Optos
7.9%Topcon
7.1%HeidelbergEngineering
Practice Owners
Practice Owners
36.7%We don’t have
an OCT
1.1%HeidelbergEngineering
NIDEK
28.9%Optovue
22.2%Carl ZeissMeditec
8.9%
2.2%
Topcon
FAVORITE OPTOMETRIC BRANDS AND PRACTICE TECH
Analytics www.covalentcareers.com 2019 Optometrist Report | 31
Which EHR do you use in your clinic?
What is your favorite ophthalmictechnology/equipment company?
Optometrists
NextGen
Others
Epic
MaximEyes
OfficeMate
Eyefinitiy PracticeManagement
Crystal Practice
Compulink
Paper Charting
RevolutionEHR
14.1%
12.4%
10.9%
4.2%
6.2%
7.7%
10.5%
3.7%
2.9%
27.4%
Optometrists
Nidek
None
Alcon
Marco
Carl Zeiss Meditec
Keeler
Optovue
Topcon
Haag-Streit
Optos
Oculus
Canon
Reichert
Heine
Nidek
Oculus
Reichert
None
Carl Zeiss Meditec
Haag-Streit
Marco
Topcon
Optos
Optovue
Kowa
Alcon
Maculogix
Ogduv
Welch Allyn
31.3%
13.3%
12.4%
4.9%
5.6%
7.7%
11.5%
4.2%
3.3%
1.9%
1.0%
0.8%
0.8%
0.5%
0.3%
Lombart
Heidelberg
0.1%
0.1%
Eidon
Kowa
0.1%
0.1%
Practice Owners
23.3%
14.4%
13.3%
5.6%
5.6%
12.2%
13.3%
4.4%
2.2%
1.1%
1.1%
1.1%
1.1%
1.1%
100%100%100%
FAVORITE OPTOMETRIC BRANDS AND PRACTICE TECH
Analytics www.covalentcareers.com 2019 Optometrist Report | 32
Practice Owners
OptometristsOptometrists
30.1%Cooper Vision
28.4%Johnson & Johnson
Vision
28.3%Alcon
0.3%VTI
11.3%Bausch & Lomb
1.6%None
33.3%Cooper Vision None
25.6%Alcon
23.3%Johnson & Johnson
Vision
16.7% 1.1%Bausch & Lomb
Alcon 40.0%
35.0%
16.4%
0.7%
1.5%
2.6%
3.6%Shire
Bausch & Lomb
Allergan
None
Abbott
Akorn
Imprimis 0.1%
0.1%Labtician Thea
Optometrists
100%
Alcon 38.9%
26.7%
21.1%
1.1%
1.1%
3.3%
5.6%Shire
Bausch & Lomb
Allergan
None
Labtician Thea
Abbott
Macuhealth 1.1%
1.1%Akorn
Practice Owners
100%
Essilor
Zeiss
Hoya
None
VSP Optics
Shamir
Kodak
Nikon
Younger Optics
Vision Ease
Cherry Optical
Military
Volk
Soma
MU
ELLER
Encore
Seiko
45.6%
22.8%
20.4%
4.0%
2.7%
1.2%
0.8%
0.8%
0.3%
0.3%
0.3%
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
100%
Practice Owners
Essilor
Hoya
Zeiss
VSP Optics
None
Shamir
GSR
x
Summ
it Optical
Solidar
Nikon
Walm
an
35.6%
23.3%
16.7%
6.7%
6.7%
5.6%
1.1%
1.1%
1.1%
1.1%
1.1%
100%
Who is your favorite ophthalmic lens manufacturer?
Who is your favorite contact manufacturer?
Favorite eyecare pharmaceutical company?
Practice Owners
OptometristsOptometrists
30.1%Cooper Vision
28.4%Johnson & Johnson
Vision
28.3%Alcon
0.3%VTI
11.3%Bausch & Lomb
1.6%None
33.3%Cooper Vision None
25.6%Alcon
23.3%Johnson & Johnson
Vision
16.7% 1.1%Bausch & Lomb
Alcon 40.0%
35.0%
16.4%
0.7%
1.5%
2.6%
3.6%Shire
Bausch & Lomb
Allergan
None
Abbott
Akorn
Imprimis 0.1%
0.1%Labtician Thea
Optometrists
100%
Alcon 38.9%
26.7%
21.1%
1.1%
1.1%
3.3%
5.6%Shire
Bausch & Lomb
Allergan
None
Labtician Thea
Abbott
Macuhealth 1.1%
1.1%Akorn
Practice Owners
100%
Essilor
Zeiss
Hoya
None
VSP Optics
Shamir
Kodak
Nikon
Younger Optics
Vision Ease
Cherry Optical
Military
Volk
Soma
MU
ELLER
Encore
Seiko
45.6%
22.8%
20.4%
4.0%
2.7%
1.2%
0.8%
0.8%
0.3%
0.3%
0.3%
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
100%
Practice Owners
Essilor
Hoya
Zeiss
VSP Optics
None
Shamir
GSR
x
Summ
it Optical
Solidar
Nikon
Walm
an
35.6%
23.3%
16.7%
6.7%
6.7%
5.6%
1.1%
1.1%
1.1%
1.1%
1.1%
100%
Practice Owners
OptometristsOptometrists
30.1%Cooper Vision
28.4%Johnson & Johnson
Vision
28.3%Alcon
0.3%VTI
11.3%Bausch & Lomb
1.6%None
33.3%Cooper Vision None
25.6%Alcon
23.3%Johnson & Johnson
Vision
16.7% 1.1%Bausch & Lomb
Alcon 40.0%
35.0%
16.4%
0.7%
1.5%
2.6%
3.6%Shire
Bausch & Lomb
Allergan
None
Abbott
Akorn
Imprimis 0.1%
0.1%Labtician Thea
Optometrists
100%
Alcon 38.9%
26.7%
21.1%
1.1%
1.1%
3.3%
5.6%Shire
Bausch & Lomb
Allergan
None
Labtician Thea
Abbott
Macuhealth 1.1%
1.1%Akorn
Practice Owners
100%
Essilor
Zeiss
Hoya
None
VSP Optics
Shamir
Kodak
Nikon
Younger Optics
Vision Ease
Cherry Optical
Military
Volk
Soma
MU
ELLER
Encore
Seiko
45.6%
22.8%
20.4%
4.0%
2.7%
1.2%
0.8%
0.8%
0.3%
0.3%
0.3%
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
100%
Practice Owners
Essilor
Hoya
Zeiss
VSP Optics
None
Shamir
GSR
x
Summ
it Optical
Solidar
Nikon
Walm
an
35.6%
23.3%
16.7%
6.7%
6.7%
5.6%
1.1%
1.1%
1.1%
1.1%
1.1%
100%
THE FUTUREOF OPTOMETRY
Analytics www.covalentcareers.com 2019 Optometrist Report | 33
THE FUTURE OF OPTOMETRY
Analytics www.covalentcareers.com 2019 Optometrist Report | 34
4.71Optometrists’ average feeling about working for a practice owned and managed by a private equity firm.
3.86Practice owners’ average feeling about working for a practice owned and managed by a private equity firm.
79.3%Of all respondents said they would choose optometry if given the choice to do it all over again.
Rank your feelings towards working for a practice owned and managed by a private equity firm (by grad year)
Graduation year
Average Salary
2
4
6
8
2000 2002 2004 20082006 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
5.67
6.5
4.644.13
3.82
5.214.68 4.72
5.074.644.43
4.984.88
4.0
3.6
4.865.0
6.67
3.75
4.33
Yes86.7%
No13.3%
Optometry Students
Yes75.7%
No24.3%
Optometrists
Yes81.1%
No18.9%
Practice Owners
Yes82.2%
No17.6%
All respondents in 2017 survey
Optometrists
Graduation year
Average Salary
2
4
6
8
2000 2002 2004 20082006 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
5.67
6.5
4.644.13
3.82
5.214.68 4.72
5.074.644.43
4.984.88
4.0
3.6
4.865.0
6.67
3.75
4.33
Yes86.7%
No13.3%
Optometry Students
Yes75.7%
No24.3%
Optometrists
Yes81.1%
No18.9%
Practice Owners
Yes82.2%
No17.6%
All respondents in 2017 survey
Optometrists
If you had to do it all over again, would you still choose optometry?
THE FUTURE OF OPTOMETRY
Analytics www.covalentcareers.com 2019 Optometrist Report | 35
Rank your feelings about the future of optometry (average by grad year)The average feelings about the future of optometry on a scale of 1-10 was
6.82out of all respondents
Graduation year
Feelings towards the future of optom
etry
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
8
9
10
2000 2002 2004 20082006 2010 2012 2014 2016 2020 20222018
5.2
6.71
4.83
4.33
6.176.0
4.29
6.77
7.18
5.485.33
6.44
5.896.04
6.296.516.64 6.65
7.277.64
7.988.33
6.92
All Respondents
Analytics www.covalentcareers.com 2019 Optometrist Report | 36
We’d like to take a second to say thank you to the 1,214 students, new grads, optometrists, and practice owners that took the initial survey—without you this report would not be possible. Your honest thoughts and feelings help us to create reports just like this that help optometry to evolve and improve. We tip our hats to you and hope you’ll continue to provide your transparent feedback during future surveys. To the tens of thousands to individuals who will ultimately download this report, we hope you enjoy the data and find ways to use the data to make decisions that positively impact your career. Feel free to get in touch with us at [email protected]
Sincerely,
The CovalentCareers | Eyecare team
Eyecare