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OPTOMETRY CPD EVENING
14 MARCH 2018
ANGLERS TAVERN - RIVERSIDE
ACO 6 CPD POINTS (INCLUDING THERAPEUTIC) ON COMPLETION QUESTIONNAIRE
DR HAKKI SEMERLI
CATARACT SURGEON - MiGs - PTERYGIUM - EYELIDS
“IMPROVING CATARACT SURGERY OUTCOMES - PRACTICAL TIPS FOR THE OPTOMETRIST”
DR MEI TAN
MEDICAL & SURGICAL RETINA SPECIALIST
“AN APPROACH TO UVEITIS DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT”
● Dr Hakki Semerli● Principle, Director● Cataract, Pterygium, Eyelids, Glaucoma & General
● Dr Mei Tan
● Retina – Diabetes, Macular Degeneration, Vein occlusion
● Retinal surgery (DR, detachments)
● Dr Nishant Gupta● Cornea, Cataract, Refractive surgery● Keratoconus, Corneal grafts, Contact lens, Glaucoma
Location - MOONEE PONDS
● Cataracts
● Glaucoma
● Corneal & refractive surgery
● Medical & Surgical retina
● Diabetic eye disease
● Macula degeneration
● Orbital & Oculoplastic
● TESTING● OCT Cirrus 5000 High definition scans● Visual Field testing- glaucoma, neuro, binocular driving tests● Fluorescein Retinal Angiography● Ocular Photography● Topography – Atlas and CSO Sirius
● LASERS● Capsulotomy – for PCO if Hx cataract surgery● Iridotomy – Angle closure glaucoma risks● SLT- Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty for Open angle glaucoma● Retinal laser- Diabetic retinopathy, Retinal Tears, Vein occlusion● Vitreolysis Floater laser
● Treatment Room● Intraocular Anti-VEGF injections
● AMD, Diabetic Macula Oedema, Vein Occlusions
● Pterygium surgery● Chalazion, Stye ● Epiphora treatments – flushing, 3Snip● Eyelid surgery – lid tightening, wedge excisions● Upper eyelid reduction surgery
● PANCH Day surgery
● Bell St
● Privately insured facility
● Sunbury Day Hospital
● 10-15min past airport
● Insured and Uninsured patients
● Significant cost savings
And last but not least...
Special Mentions
My Amazing Staff !
Anglers Tavern Team
Megan Loft for coordinating
Novartis, Robyn Lally for generous sponsorship
Disclosures
No direct financial interests in my presentation
Novartis sponsorship - Robyn Lally
DR HAKKI SEMERLI
“IMPROVING CATARACT SURGERY OUTCOMES - PRACTICAL TIPS FOR THE OPTOMETRIST”
FRANZCO - MBBS (Hons)
SPECIALIST EYE SURGEONS - FOUNDER & DIRECTOR
CATARACT SURGEON - MiGs - PTERYGIUM - EYELIDS
My specialties
Cataract
Conventional and FLACS
MiGs
iStent inject, Cypass
Pterygium
Sutured and Glued grafting
Eyelids
Upper eyelid reduction surgery (Dermatochalasis)
OverviewIMPROVING CATARACT SURGERY OUTCOMES - PRACTICAL TIPS FOR THE OPTOMETRIST
● Post-op painful red eye● Post-op inflammation in a uveitis patient● Post-op High IOPs● Delayed macular oedema● Glaucoma and MiGs post-op● Intraocular Lenses review, and Toric lenses● The tear film● Limbal relaxing incisions● Presbyopia corrections options
Post op red painful eye
24 hours after uneventful cataract surgery
Red eye, mild discharge, pain, photophobia
Important considerations:
● Endophthalmitis● TASS
Surgical inflammation?
Endophthalmitis
Usually 4-7 days post op
At least 75% have significant pain
Corneal oedema
Cf more diffuse and marked in TASS
Refer immediately
Contact surgeon, Hospital emergency
“Tap and Inject vs Vitrectomy”...
TASS
...vs Endophthalmitis?
TASS
Usually within 24-48 hours
Mostly pain free, but not always
Can see hypopyon just like I.E.
Diffuse corneal oedema more characteristic in TASS
TASS Aetiology
Any substance used during or immediately after surgery.. Entering the eye
Irrigation solutions
Anaesthetics
Antiseptics
Intraocular medications
*Characterised by toxic reaction to the anterior segment of the eye, and the endothelium is particularly susceptible, hence the marked diffuse oedema
TASS Management
Urgent referral
Differentiate from early aggressive endophthalmitis
Identification of source
Follow up of other patients from same facility
Anti-inflammatories, (antibiotics)
PO inflammation in a Uveitis patient
45yo man, idiopathic anterior uveitis history
Initially improving vision and ocular comfort after surgery
Treated with QID pred forte & Chlorsig
Day 5, moderate AC inflammation, P.S
Vitreous/Retina clear
PO inflammation in Uveitis patient
Most likely?
● Surgical inflammation - AAU inflammation● NB. Infection/Endophthalmitis
Requires:
● Increase steroids● Dilation/Cycloplegia for comfort and PS● Watch for pupil block
Post-op Day 0 high IOP
70 yo lady, had surgery in the morning... It’s Friday... 8pm.. You’re tired..
No ocular history, no Glaucoma
VA 6/12
Deep aches
Mild post-operative inflammation
Corneal oedema
And...
Post Op raised IOP
IOP of 45!
PS.. what’s wrong with this picture..?
Most likely causes...
Retained viscoelastic
Dispersive vs Cohesive
Viscoat vs Provisc.. Thicker=Less IOP
Other...
Inflammation, haemorrhage, pigment dispersion, retained lens material, damage to angle structures
Risk Factors: Glaucoma, higher pre-op IOP, Longer axial length >25mm, (PXF)
(NB.. Corneal thickness can rise by >5% PO, normalising by 1wk... overestimation)
https://eyetube.net/video/viscoelastic-insertion-and-removal/
PO raised IOP.. what to do?
Depends
Mild: 22-30, not glaucoma patient, may observe and repeat the next day.
Mod: 30-40 (or persisting mild), best to Rx
BBlockers, Alpha agonists, CAI’s (check allergies, CVD)
Severe: >40 is not usual, and requires Rx and refer asap
Where possible, contact the surgeon/clinic
Eye and Ear hospital 24 hours
What about.... PO Day 2 very high IOP?
70 yo Female
Diabetic, Hypertension
Pre-op was +5.0 D hypermetrope with short/small eye & borderline AC
Pain, Shallow AC, poor vision, AC formed
Possibilities?
-Delayed suprachoroidal haemorrhage, common in those vasculopathic history
-Angle closure glaucoma, which can still occur post op after initially an open angle.
-Retrobulbar haemorrhage from periocular anaesthetics, pushing on the globe posteriorly.
-Aqueous misdirection syndrome, with aqueous directed into the vitreous.
Aqueous misdirection
Aka. Malignant glaucoma
Aqueous misdirected to vitreous
Thickened anterior hyaloid face
Pushes iris-CB forward
Secondary angle closure
A.M Management
Urgent IOP lowering
Systemic and Topical treatments
Cycloplegia
Aqueous suppression
Shrinking the vitreous
Refer asap - or involve local physician
Iridotomy and Hyalotomy to relieve the block
*Avoid Miotics - can make it worse
Poor vision 8 weeks Post cataract surgery...
Routine uncomplicated surgery
BCVA now 6/12 D=N
Prior vision several years ago recorded as 6/6 (ie not amblyopia)
Eye looks good! Quiet, clear anterior segments and IOL
No inflammation.. Not infection or other inflammatory condition
Retina looks ok.. I think...?
CMO
Cystoid macular oedema
Usually occurs 8wks post operatively
Often in otherwise routine surgery
Often clinically mild or unnoticable, after initially good vision
NSAIDS vs Steroids for cataracts
“I’ve never replaced steroids with NSAIDs for a patient not responding to steroids” -Physician
The NSAID vs Topical Steroids Study:
Steroids vs Steroids AND NSAID
Not Steroids vs More STEROIDS vs Steroids & NSAIDs
What about simply increasing the steroids?
Steroids vs NSAIDs
Why steroids alone?
Potent
Simplicity
Availability
Less stinging eyes
Less cost $30-40
What I do...
Prednefrin Forte drops 2 hourly for 2 days, then 4x daily for 3wks
Chlorsig drops 2 hourly for 2 days then STOP
Modify for complicating factors
Eg. Uveitis patient
● more steroid, oral prednisolone, IV dexamethasone
Eg. Higher risk patient (pc diabetic, chemotherapy, past infections
● Fluroquinolones eg Ofloxacin - used in microbial keratitis...
Glaucoma & MiGs
A reasonable option in mild-moderate glaucoma
Increasing range of options
● iStent inject● Alcon Cypass● Others...
Minimal complications
May continue usual medications initially (varying approaches)
MiGs complications - Uncommon
Failure to lower the pressure
Hyphaema
microhyphaema common
Macrohyphaema uncommon
Obstruction
Dislodgement
Hypotony
Infection
MiGs complications
Management depends on the issue
Hyphaema usually self limited and resolves
IOP elevation needs to be managed cautiously
Hypotony usually limited and resolves - MiMiGs eg Cypass
Nb. Numerical vs Clinical hypotony
iStent video
Attached...
Types of Intraocular Lenses IOLs
Monofocal
Multifocal (Bifocal/Trifocal) or ‘MultiZone’
Toric
Pinhole lenses
Location of insertion:
Posterior chamber, in the bag, sulcus, iris clip, scleral sutured
Anterior chamber IOLs, iris clip
Pseudophakic and Phakic
Types of refractive outcomes
Emmetropia
Monovision
MFIOL
(Accom vs Pseudoaccom)
Guided by optometrist usually
QuizACIOL problem?
ACIOL
Problem solved
Pupil block
Toric lenses
Significant advance in cataract surgery
Now able to correct ‘regular astigmatism’ in most intraocular lens options
Eg. Unifocal lenses, Panoptix Multifocal
Advances in calculations have improved our accuracy
Barrett Universal II, Hill RBF (AI, ‘Big Data’)
(Very good but doesn’t always work perfectly - other factors, posterior cornea, macula)
Toric lenses range example - Alcon Acrysof
Regularly regular (44 vs 46D)
Regularly (orthogonal) irregular (47-50 vs 43D)
Toric lens axis alignment
Digital platforms, eg Zeiss Callisto
Manual, eg Mendez gauge
Correct alignment is very important!
Toric lens rotation
Every 1 degree = 3 degree of reduced effect
30 deg = total loss of toric effect
Rotation usually occurs early, before capsular adhesion
Lens can be rotated if in early phase, especially 1st mth
Only if high astigmatism and patient unhappy even in glasses - another surgery
Measuring lens axis at the slit lamp
Role of the Tear Film
Increasingly recognised importance in planning surgery
Poor tear film = inaccurate calculations = suboptimal outcomes
Topography includes Placedo ring and Scheimflug, then latter being less effected eg CSO Sirius, Pentacam..
If poor tear film, best to address this, based on cause
Eg tear film supplements, blepharitis management, antiinflammatories
Testing tear film
Examining the ocular surface
Tear BUT
Schirmer test
*A common cause of unexpected outcomes
What about Presbyopia correction options?
Wide variety of proposed options
● Laser refractive surgery● Corneal inlays eg Kamera● Phakic lenses● Lens replacement
If not presbyopic, then aim to maintain accommodation
Eg 35 yo, 5D myope, otherwise healthy eye, not presbyopic
1. Talk them out of it?!2. Maintain accommodation where possible3. May consider refractive surgery, but may be limited by cornea4. Inlays possibility5. Intraocular options
a. Phakic IOLs - AC, PC
Limbal relaxing incisions
Bring back the 80s..
Limbal relaxing incisions
Toric IOLs available in Australia several years
Some patients pre-toric IOLs
May have high astigmatism
Difficult to correct even in glasses or CL
Case example: Patient AG
75yo man, RE cataract surgery ~5yrs ago
Over 3.0 D astigmatism
Keratometry RE 43.84 x104
47.21 x14
Ref -3.25 cyl axis 88
Vision 6/12 unaided cf 6/6 in Left eye
Patient would like improvement if possible
LRI
Various Nomograms available
Online calculators
Minimally invasive
Incision along steep axis = flattening
In room procedure cf Laser refractive
LRI
Paired incisions
Some immediate improvement
LRI Mr AG
Wk 1, refraction improved by 1D astigmatism
VA already 6/9 and patient happy with progress
TBC.. will review in 4wks
--------
SummaryIMPROVING CATARACT SURGERY OUTCOMES - PRACTICAL TIPS FOR THE OPTOMETRIST
Dr Hakki Semerli
● Post-op painful red eye○ Endophthalmitis○ TASS○ Surgical inflammation
● Post-op inflammation in a uveitis patient○ Must differentiate from infection○ Requires lots of steroid
● Post-op High IOPs○ Multiple factors○ Depends on timing and extent
● Delayed macular oedema○ Uncommon with current treatment○ Initially good vision then declines○ Identifying risk factors
SummaryIMPROVING CATARACT SURGERY OUTCOMES - PRACTICAL TIPS FOR THE OPTOMETRIST
Dr Hakki Semerli
● Glaucoma and MiGs post-op○ iStent, Cypass○ Good efficacy○ Low risk, mostly self resolving
● Intraocular Lenses review, and Toric lenses○ Wide variety of options○ Toric lens alignment importance○ Identifying axes
● Limbal relaxing incisions○ Back to the future.. Or past..○ A good in-office option
● The tear film○ Very important in measuring toricity○ Identification improves outcome
● Presbyopia corrections options○ Tread with caution and patient information very important
What I do in my practice
● Work with optom for outcomes, emmetropia, monovision● Manage any risks for infection - Diabetes, immune suppressed● Treat the tear film● Repeat the AScans and Topo● Betadine, intracameral antibiotics● Post op antibiotics● Recognise risk patients for glaucoma● Communicate outcomes● No cheap readers!● Send them back to you at 4-6 weeks for glasses
Thank you
Thank you!
Questions?
Time for a break..
Refreshments
8.15 Dr Tan
Dr Mei Tan...
DR MEI TAN
“AN APPROACH TO UVEITIS DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT”
Thank you
Reminders
Return your Questions with your Name on them please
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