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INFORMATION FROM KARLSHAMNS AB, BUSINESS AREA FEED MATERIALS

Bypass protein for dairy cattle

• Feeding strategy

• ExPro production• Feeding studies

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Regionally produced protein with built-in feed safetyThe raw material used for ExPro iscarefully selected, regionally grown,doublezero rapeseed. LCA (LifeCycle Analysis) in combination with our feed safety programme

ensures that ExPro has minimalenvironmental impact and a highdegree of feed safety.

KARLSHAMN

Protein nutritionLocally produced forage usually sup-plies the base of the dairy cow’s proteinsupply. The major part of these feedproteins is metabolised to ammonia which may be utilized by rumenmicrobes to form microbial protein.Good roughage in combination with aconcentrated, grain-based feed may very  well satisfy the dairy cow’s need forenergy and proteins during mid to latelactation.

During early lactation and high-yield-ing period, however, the cow needs aconcentrate containing an undegradableprotein rich in essential amino acids. Among the most important aminoacids are lysine and methionine. Theprotein must have a high degree of rumen stability (i.e., it must be rumenprotected, or have a low EPD -Effective Protein Degradation value), toensure that most of the amino acidsreach the intestines where they form

precursous to milk protein and bloodglucose.

Rapeseed protein is rich in the mostimportant amino acids. These are natu-rally metabolised to ammonia in thecow’s rumen, thus resulting in a low degree of utilization. Karlshamns ABhas therefore developed the ExProprocess to produce a high-performanceprotein for ruminants - i.e. a product with higher efficiency than regular rape-

seed meal or soybean meal.

Feeding effects of ExPro and the feedfat AkoFeed on a high-yielding cow areillustrated by the diagram to the right.

Feeding strategyExPro®ExPro®

50

40

30

20

10

0

Dry period Calving

    P    h   a

   s    i   n   g 

  -    i   n    p   e   r    i   o

   d

No. of weeks after calving

10 20 30 40 50

Milk yield/day Lactation

Concentrate based on ExPro &

 AkoFeed rumen protected fat

Regular concentrate based on standard

Hay + silage

Feeding of dairy cattle during different stages of lactation, 10.000 kg ECM milk.

Negative

energy balance

Locally produced forage, good-quality silage and regular concentrate based on grain and soybean meal, for example, will give the cow sufficient energy and protein for a milk production up to 30 kg. Yields higher than that require nutritional supplements in the form of undegradable protein such as ExPro,a bypass protein not metabolised in the rumen, along with  AkoFeed rumen protected fat.

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ExPro productionThe ExPro protein is produced in apatented process. After extraction of 

the rapeseed oil, the rapeseed proteinundergoes heat treatment to adjust itsprotein structure - the result being aprotein that is less degradable in thecow’s rumen without any negativeeffects on its metabolizable propertiesin the intestines. In vitro studies haveestablished the protein’s rumen degra-dation rate (EPD%) at 35%, whichmeans that 65% of the high-gradeprotein’s amino acids bypass the

rumen and may thus be utilized inthe small intestine instead.

Protein value (g/kg dry matter) 

Crude protein EPD(%) AAT PBV

ExPro 385 35 220 71

 Soybean meal 510 64 182 261

Rapeseed meal 385 72 112 231

EPD = Effective protein degradation AAT = Amino acids absorbed in intestinesPBV = Protein balance in rumen

 A comparison between ExPro, soybean meal and rapeseed meal. The table shows ExPro to have a higher AAT content (absorbable 

amino acids) in the intestines than soybean or rapeseed meal.

The production plant where ExPro meal is  processed. The feed protein is transported through a series of coiled tubes at very high speed. The ExPro treatment affects the protein’s degradability,allowing it to bypass the rumen without affecting the metabolic process in the intestines and thus treatment improves the protein utilization in ruminants. No additives are used in the produc- tion process.

Feeding studiesThe attractive taste and high-yielding effects of ExPro havebeen confirmed in practical feeding studies on several dairy herds as well as by the Swedish University of AgriculturalSciences in Uppsala (Bertilsson 1994 and Sederblad 1996).The results of these studies show ExPro to yield 2 – 3 kgmore milk per cow and day than soybean meal or rapeseed

meal, when the cow is fed the same amount of crude protein.The ExPro protein is rich in the amino acids that are

crucial for the formation of milk proteins. The diagrambelow gives an example of how many kilos of ExPro dry 

matter, soybean meal or rapeseed meal must be fed tocover the required supplementation of lysine and methion-ine, assuming an energy balance needed for a 30 kg milk yield (calculations according to Rolf Spörndly SLU 2002).

Recommendations

The high effect of the ExPro protein on ruminantsimproves conditions for a high production of milk withnormal contents of fat and protein, without excess supple-mentation of crude protein.

 We recommend up to 25% ExPro in concentrate forcattle, or up to approximately 4 kg per cow and day.

 Summary ExProq Regionally produced bypass protein for ruminants

q

Promotes higher milk productionq Gives normal contents of fat and protein in the milk 

q Makes it possible to decrease the protein content of cattle feed, and thus also to reduce its environ-mental impact.

 As is shown in the table below, theExPro meal has a higher protein value

than soybean meal despite the latter’shigher content of crude protein.

0,0

0,51,0

1,5

2,0

2,5

3,0

3,5

4,0

LysineMethionine

ExPro Soybean meal Rapeseed meal

Kg dry matter

The amount of ExPro, soybean meal and rapeseed meal required to cover the supplementary need for lysine and methionine at an energy balance sufficient for 30 kg milk with 3.2 per cent protein.

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Karlshamns AB is a leading supplier of vegetable protein and feed fats.

SE 374 82 KARLSHAMNTel +46 (0)454 - 820 00. www.karlshamns.com

KARLSHAMN

KÖPENHAMN

GÖTEBORG

OSLO

STRALSUND

BERLIN

STOCKHOLM HELSINGFORS

NORRKÖPING

MALMÖ

GDANSK

KLAIPÉDA

RIGA

TALLIN

Business Area Feed Materials is responsible for the Karlshamns Group’s extraction of vegetable oils and production of feed materials for the animal feed industry. The Feed Materials 

operations have their origins in the early 20th century.

Our business concept:

q To produce high-quality vegetable oils, extracted only from strictly controlled raw materials.

q To supply the feed industry in Sweden and its neighbouringcountries with vegetable protein and high-energy feed of a quality  with an added value for the customer.

q To deliver regionally produced oils and feedproteins matching our customers consumption.

q To play an important role in our customersdevelopment of new products and services.

More detailed information is available on our website, www.karlshamns.com 

Contact your feed supplier for information and order.