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EXPRESSIVE SPEECH ACT IN COCO’S MOVIE BY DARLA K ANDERSON
THESIS
Submitted to the Board of Examination
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement
For Literary Degree at English Literature Department
by
IMRON ROSYADI
NIM: AI.160787
ADAB AND HUMANITIES FACULTY
STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY
SULTAN THAHA SAIFUDDIN JAMBI
2020
i
NOTA DINAS
Jambi, 04 April 2020
Pembimbing I : Dr. Alfian, M.Ed
Pembimbing II : Adang Ridwan, S.S, M.Pd
Alamat : Fakultas Adab dan Humaniora
UIN STS Jambi
Kepada Yth
Ibu Dekan Fakultas Adab dan Humaniora
UIN STS Jambi
Di-
Tempat
Assalamu‟alaikum wr.wb
Setelah membaca dan mengadakan perbaikan seperlunya, maka kami
berpendapat bahwa skripsi saudara: Imron Rosyadi, Nim. AI.160787, yang berjudul
„“Expressive Speech Acts in Coco’s Movie by Darla K. Anderson”‟, telah dapat
diajukan untuk dimunaqosahkan guna melengkapi tugas - tugas dan memenuhi syarat
– syarat untuk memperoleh gelar sarjana strata satu (S1) pada Fakultas Adab dan
Humaniora, UIN STS Jambi. Maka, dengan itu kami ajukan skripsi tersebut agar
dapat diterima dengan baik.
Demikianlah kami ucapkan terima kasih, semoga bermanfaat bagi
kepentingan kampus dan para peneliti.
Wassalamu‟alaikum wr.wb
Pembimbing I Pembimbing II
Dr. Alfian, M.Ed Adang Ridwan, S.S., M.Pd
NIP: 19791230200604103 NIDN: 2109069101
ii
APPROVAL
Jambi, May 04 th
2020
Supervisor I : Dr. Alfian, M.Ed ………………
Supervisor II : Adang Ridwan, M.Pd ……… …………
Address : Adab and Humanities Faculty
.. ………… State Islamic University
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,Sulthan Thaha Saifuddin Jambi.
To
The Dean of Adab and Humanities
Faculty
State Islamic University
In
Jambi
Assalamu‟alaikum wr. Wb
After reading and revising everything extend necessary, so we agree that the thesis
entitled “Expressive Speech Acts in Coco’s Movie by Darla K. Anderson” can be
submitted to Munaqasyah exam in part fulfillment to the Requirement for the Degree
of Humaniora Scholar. We submitted it in order to be received well. Thus, we hoped
it can be useful for all.
Wassalamu‟alaikum wr. Wb
Supervisor I Supervisor II
Dr. Alfian, M.Ed Adang Ridwan, M.Pd
NIP: 19791230200604103 NIDN. 2109069101
iii
iv
v
MOTTO
Whoever desires honor (through power) – then to Allah belongs all honor. To Him
ascends good speech, and righteous work raises it. But they who plot evil deeds
will have a severe punishment, and the plotting of those – it will persih. (QS.
Fathir: 10)1
Barag siapa menghendaki kemulian, (ketahuilah) kemulian itu semuanya milik Allah.
Kepada-Nyalah akan naik perkataan-perkataan yang baik, dan amal kebajikan
Dia akan mengangkatnya. Adapun orang-orang yang merencanakan kejahatan
mereka akan mendapat azab yang sangat keras, dan rencana jahat mereka
akan hancur2
1Maulawi Sher, The Holy Qur‟an, (United Kingdom: Islam International Publications, 2004),
p. 642. 2Al-Karim, Al-Qur‟an Tadwid Warna Terjemahan & Transliterasi, (Jakarta: Beras Alfath), p.
436.
vi
DEDICATION
First of all I would say the grateful to Allah SWT
always gives me health to finish this thesis.
I would like to dedicate this thesis to:
My beloved Father, Zulwahiddin (alm) for your love, supporting and praying
My beloved Mother, Zoiyah for all your patients to educate me so far,
gave me a way to be the student, for your love, supporting and praying
And My beloved brother, Muhammad Beni Saputra, My beloved Sister Ranti
Mustika
My Friends,Tri Wahyuni Sundari, Aliya ,Fauziah Syahrani ,Merli Santri , Tri
Mayani, Muhammad Nabil, Yani Saputra, Andi Setiawan. also for your supporting and praying.
All of you are my diamond who Allah has given to me.
I do really want to make you happy and proud of me!
Then to Dr. Alfian, M.Ed and Adang Ridwan, M.Pd as my supervisors,
for your patients as long as you guided me to finish my thesis
for your help and praying.
My beloved gengs, Literature 2016 A. Thanks for the advice, love, help, support,
ideas and great experiences that we have made together.
for your help and praying, for your inspiration
All you are the good example for me. I am so happy and grateful because living
around the skilful and wise people as you all.
At last, for all people who have helped me in this thesis.
I would like to proclaim;
THANK YOU SO MUCH!
vii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Firstly, the writer would like to say Alhamdullilahirabil‟alamin, all the praise to
Allah SWT the lord of all creatures, for His Blessing from the starting point of my
study until now the end of my study. After that, Shalawat and salam be upon to our
Prophet Muhammad SAW, hopefully we will get His syafa‟at later at The Last Day.
Secondly, I would like to express her deepest gratitude to people who helped the
writer in accomplishing this thesis. I would like to thank my supervisors Dr. Alfian,
M.Ed., Adang Ridwan, M.Pd who have helped, adjusted, supported and suggested me
in writing this thesis. I also would like to say thanks for all classmates English
Literature 2016 who have given additional suggestion and support to finish this
thesis.
To accomplish this thesis, the writer had been given one great deal to many
people. So, the writer would like to say thanks for their contribution, they are:
1. Prof. Dr. Suaidi, MA., Ph. D as a Rector of State Islamic University of Sulthan
Thaha Saifuddin Jambi.
2. Dr. Halimah Dja’far. S. Ag., M. Fil. I. as the dean of Adab and Humanities
Faculty.
viii
3. Dr. Ali Muzakir, M. Ag as the first Vice Dean of Academic. Dr. Alfian, S.Pd,
M.Ed as the second Vice Dean of Finances, and Dr. Roudhoh, S.Ag.SS M.Pd.I
as the third Vice Dean of University Student of Adab and Humanities Faculty.
4. The Head of English Literature Department Dian Mukhlisa, MA.
5. The Secretary of English Literature Department Chandri Febri Santi M.Pd
6. All the Lecturers and staffs of Adab and Humanities Faculty, then contribution
and assistant during studying in UIN of Sulthan Thaha Saifuddin Jambi.
7. The Head and officers of the library of UIN and public library of Jambi
province.
8. The last but not least, to my beloved parents, brothers and sister who gave fully
supporting to the writer.
This thesis is still far away from perfection. I need some critics and suggestions,
so that I can be better in the future. Finally, the writer hopes this thesis will give
positive contributions for readers, especially for the students of English Literature
Department of Adab and Humanities Faculty.
Jambi, May 04 th
2020
The writer
Imron Rosyadi
Nim: AI. 160787
ix
ABSTRACT
Imron Rosyadi ,2020 :Expressive Speech Acts in Coco‟s Movie by Darla K.
Anderson
Supervisor I : Dr. Alfian, M.Ed
Supervisor II : Adang Ridwan, M.Pd
The objective of this research is to describe the types of expressive speech acts
the use of expressive speech act, the effects of expressive speech in Coco‟s Movie by
Darla K. Anderson.There are several expressive speech act utterance by the
characters in the Coco‟s movie. Because in Coco‟ movie Miguel as main character
wants to be a good musician like his grandfather, but his family hate the music itself.
There are also many struggles for Miguel for get his dream and support from his
family.
This research employs descriptive qualitative research. The object of this
research is Coco‟s movie by Darla K. Anderson. The data of this research were all
utterances spoken by all of characters in Coco‟s movie containing expressive speech
acts. The data are classified from kinds of expressive speech acts by Austin’s theory.
The use of expressive speech acts by using Yule’s theory. Then, the effect of
expressive speech act were categorized by using Herbert..
The findings of research show that there are six types of expressive speech acts,
they are; expressive for thank 2 data, expressive for apologize 4 data, expressive for
congratulation 2 data, expressive for greeting 2 data, expressive for wishes 2 data,
and expressive for attitudes 2 data. Expressive for apologize was mostly dominant
used by all characters. The use of expressive speech acts consist of direct and
indirect, there were 5 data in direct and 3 data in indirect and direct was mostly
dominant used by all characters. There were three effects of expressive speech acts,
they were for getting knowledge 3 data, giving command 2 data, asking for
information 2 data and the dominant effect of expressive speech is for getting
knowledge in Coco‟s movie.
Keywords : Expressive, Coco‟s Movie, Speech Act
x
ABSTRAK
…… Imron Rosyadi ,2020 :Expressive Speech Acts in Coco‟s Movie by Darla K.
Anderson
Supervisor I : Dr. Alfian, M.Ed
Supervisor II : Adang Ridwan, M.Pd
Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menggambarkan jenis-jenis, penggunaan serta
efek dari utaran ekspresif dalam film Coco oleh Darla K Anderson. Objek dalam
penelitian ini adalah film Coco oleh Darla K. Anderson. Terdapat beberapa ucapan
ucapan ekspresif yang di utarakan oleh karakter-karakter dalam film Coco. Karena di
film Coco, Miguel sebagai karakter yang bermain ingin menjadi musisi yang baik
seperti kakeknya, tetapi keluarganya membenci musik itu sendiri. Ada juga banyak
perjuangan bagi Miguel untuk mendapatkan mimpinya dan dukungan dari
keluarganya.
Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Objek penelitian ini
adalah film Coco karya Darla K. Anderson. Data penelitian ini adalah semua ucapan
yang diucapkan oleh semua karakter dalam film Coco yang berisi tindak tutur
ekspresif. Data tersebut diklasifikasikan dari jenis tindak tutur ekspresif menurut teori
Austin. Penggunaan ucapan ekspresif bertindak dengan menggunakan teori Yule.
Kemudian, efek dari tindak tutur ekspresif dikategorikan dengan menggunakan teori
Herbert.
Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada enam jenis tindak tutur ekspresif,
yaitu; ekspresif untuk terima kasih 2 data, ekspresif untuk meminta maaf 4 data,
ekspresif untuk data selamat 2 data, ekspresif untuk ucapan 2 data, ekspresif untuk
keinginan 2 data, dan ekspresif untuk sikap 2 data dan ekspresif untuk meminta maaf
sebagian besar lebih dominan digunakan oleh semua karakter. Penggunaan tindak
tutur ekspresif terdiri dari langsung dan tidak langsung, ada 5 data langsung dan 3
data tidak langsung dan penggunaan secara langsung sebagian besar lebih dominan
digunakan oleh semua karakter. Ada tiga efek dari tindak tutur ekspresif, yaitu untuk
mendapatkan pengetahuan 3 data, memberikan perintah 2 data, meminta informasi 2
data dan efek dari tindak tutur ekspresif yang lebih dominan adalah untuk
mendapatkan pengetahuan di dalam film Coco.
Kata Kunci : Ekspresif, Film Coco, Tindak Tutur
xi
TABLE OF CONTENT
NOTA DINAS ................................................................................................. i
APPROVAL ................................................................................................... ii
LETTER OF RATIFICATION .................................................................... iii
ORIGINAL THESIS STATEMENT ........................................................... iv
MOTTO .......................................................................................................... v
DEDICATION ................................................................................................ vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................. vii
ABSTRACT .................................................................................................... ix
ABSTRAK ...................................................................................................... x
TABLE OF CONTENT ................................................................................. xii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Problem........................................................... . 1
B. Formulation of the Problem .......................................................... . 5
C. Limitation of the Problem ............................................................. . 5
D. Purpose of the Research ................................................................ . 6
E. Significance of the Research ......................................................... . 6
CHAPTER II THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
A. Speech Act Theory ........................................................................ . 7
B. Definition of Expressive Speech Act ............................................ . 7
C. Kinds of Expressive Speech Act ................................................... . 10
D. Use of Expressive Speech Act ...................................................... . 13
xii
E. Effect of Expressive Speech Act ................................................... . 16
F. Review of Related Research ......................................................... . 17
CHAPTER III METHOD OF RESEARCH
A. Design of Research........................................................................ .. 22
B. Source of Data ............................................................................... .. 24
C. Technique of Data Collection ....................................................... .. 24
D. Technique of Data Analysis .......................................................... .. 25
CHAPTER IV FINDING AND ANLYSIS
A. Finding and Analysis ..................................................................... 27
1. Kind of Expressive Speech Acts .............................................. 28
a. Expressive for Thank .......................................................... 28
b. Expressive for Apologize ................................................... 29
c. Expressive for Congratulation ............................................ 33
d. Expressive for Greeting ...................................................... 35
e. Expressive for Wishes ........................................................ 36
f. Expressive for Attitudes ..................................................... 38
2. The Use of Expressive Speech Acts......................................... 39
a. Direct .................................................................................. 40
b. Indirect .............................................................................. 45
3. The Effects of Expressive Speech Act ..................................... 47
a. Getting Knowledge ............................................................ 48
xiii
b. Giving Command ............................................................... 50
c. Asking for Information ...................................................... 52
CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
A. Conclusions…………...………………………..........…....…..... 55
B. Suggestions………………………………………….................. 57
REFERENCES
APPENDIXES
CURRICULUM VITE
1
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Problem
Language is used by people to interact each other in their daily life.
Without communication, people cannot interact.3 That is why language means
that communication in which it is important in our life. Language is the media for
humans to communicate their feesling and thought by using words. As Manser
says language is system of sound, words used by humans to communicate thought
and felling.4 It means that language is the system of human expression by means
of words.It means that by using language for communication, one tries to share
his ideas, feelings and experience to other persons. It can be said that language is
a tool of communication for human beings to interact.
Chaer also adds language is the only thing possessed by human where the
whole activities cannot be released from it as long as human existence itself.5
Language also used for human expression by means of words. It is one of the
most important parts of human life. It is the human capacity for using complex
systems of communication, and a language is a specific example of such a
system. There are so many languages in this world such as: English, Chinese,
Japanese, French, Germany and Spanish are some examples of popular languages.
Most people in this world use English as their first or second language. English is
one of those popular languages that are known as an international language. From
the statements above, it can conclude that language is need to communicate with
other person, either verba non verbal communication. To understand the using of
language is to understand the context.
3Clarity, Strengthening Plain Language Public Benefit and Professional Practice, (Journal:
The International Association Promoting Plain Legal Language, 2009), p. 9 4Longman Manser, Dictionary of Contemporary English, (Great Britain: Logman Group UK
Limited,1989), p. 586 5Abdul Chaer, Linguistik Umum, (Jakarta: Rineka Cipta, 2009), p. 7
2
One of the branches of linguistic studies which concerned with the study
of meaning as communicated by the speaker and interpreted by a listener is
pragmatics. As Fromkin says in Fromkin’s book pragmatics is the study of how
language is used for communications.6 According to Yule in 1996 stated that:
Ada 4 definsi pragmatik, yaitu (1) bidang yang mengkaji makna dari
sipembicara, (2) bidang yang mengkaji makna menurut konteksnya; (3)
bidang yang melebihi kajian tentang makna yang diujarkan, mengkaji
makna yang dikomunikasikan atau ter komunikasikan oleh pembicara,
dan (4) bidang yang mengkaji bentuk ekspresi menurut jarak sosial yang
membatasi partisipan yang terlibat dalam percakapan tertentu.7
From the quotation above, it can conclude pragmatic is study about
meaning of speakers words or sentences contextually. More specifically that
language influences the culture the way of thinking members of language user, so
that language influences the though and the act of the language user. 8
What are
the people do is always influenced by languages characteristic. The use of
language is being from culture, since language is at a core of culture to express
the feeling and the emotion. Searle make a one category for speech act that focus
on primarily on representing the speaker’s feeling, it was expressive, which
express a psychological state.9 The expressions such as thanking, apologizing,
welcoming, condoling, and etc. are produced in this category. In my opinion,
expressive is kinds of speech act that expressing of feeling. “I‟m sorry” is the
example of apologizing in expressive types.
Communication is not just enough to a symbol, word or sentence but also
the result from the fire of performance of speech act. Thus, it can be said that the
speech act is the basic unit of communication. Speech act is a basic analysis in
6Victoria Fromkin, et al., An Introduction to Language, (Harcount Brace & Company
Australia, 1996), Third Edition, p. 159 7Henry Setiawan, Definisi Pragmatic, http://hendrysetiawan.blogspot.com/2013/02/definisi-
pragmatik.html, (accessed February 10, 2015 at 20.00 am) 8Abdul Chaer, Linguistik Umum, p. 15
9Searle in Ardita Dylgjerii, “Analysis of Speech Acts in Political Speeches”, European
Journal of Social Sciences Studies - Volume 2, Issue 2, 2017, P. 22.
3
pragmatics study. Speech act is a part of pragmatic that studies about utterances
as action performed via utterances10
. The uttering of the sentence is or is part of
doing of an action, which again would again would not normally be describe as or
just saying something. In simple words, speech act is actions which are performed
through utterance.11
In simple words, a speech act is a compound word between speech and
act. It is used by people to express their action via speech or utterances.
According to Lyons in Arif’s Journal defines speech acts as “actions performed
via utterances” 12
People perform utterances when they offer an apology,
complaint, compliment, invitation, and promise or request. These descriptive
terms with different kinds of speech act to apply to the speaker’s communicative
intention in producing an utterance. The speakers normally expect that his or her
communicative intention will be recognized by the hearer. Both the 5 speakers
and hearer are usually helped in this process by the circumstances surrounding the
utterance.
The writer interests to choose expressive speech act on Coco‟s movie,
because there are many expressive word in Coco‟s movie. There are several
expressive speech act utterance by the characters in the Coco‟s movie. Because in
Coco‟ movie Miguel as main character wants to be a good musician like his
grandfather, but his family hate the music itself. There are also many struggles for
Miguel for get his dream and support from his family.
The writer found the problem in expressive of speech Miguel tries to play
music, but the family hates music, he feels sad about that, but he wants to try to
10
Yule in Garda Arif Wicaksono “An Analysis of Declarative Speech Act in the Movie My
Lawyer, Mr Jo: Pragmatics Approach”, Journal of English Language Studies Volume 3 Number 1
(2018) 91-100, P. 92. 11
Austin in Garda Arif Wicaksono “An Analysis of Declarative Speech Act in the Movie My
Lawyer, Mr Jo: Pragmatics Approach”, Journal of English Language Studies Volume 3 Number 1
(2018) 91-100, P. 92. 12
Zainal Arif, “Speech Act Performance of Promosing Among Jordanias”, Journal: Faculty of
Major Language Studies Islamic Science University of Malaysia (USIM) Malaysia, 2013), p. 4
4
make his family convinced with him, and also there is the moment when his
family sad to see his grandmother that forget all related about his family, and the
last about his uncle want to remember by his family with a photo. Despite his
family's generations-old ban on music, young Miguel dreams of becoming an
accomplished musician like his idol Ernesto de la Cruz. Desperate to prove his
talent, Miguel finds himself in the stunning and colorful Land of the Dead. After
meeting a charming trickster named Héctor, the two new friends embark on an
extraordinary journey to unlock the real story behind Miguel's family history.
The writer will investigate the script from a movie and makes decision to
discuss the utterance or the sentences that used with one of linguistics study,
speech act. The writer analysis an utterance by characters from Coco’s movie at
every speech called as speech act. In this case, the writer will explain that this
study focuses on analyzing the expressive speech act in every utterance or the
sentences which are used the actors and actress in movie script entitles Coco‟s
movies by Darla K. Anderson.
Musician : I asked for a shoe shine not your life story
Miguel : Oh, yeah. Sorry13
Based on the quotation s about it can be known from following dialog
above. The writer found kind of speech for Expressive of Apologizing. The
definition Expressive of Apologizing is the situation that someone does interact
13
Duration : 00:06:47,460 --> 00:06:49,490
5
with others and from the situation someone is making mistake, after that he makes
apologize. The writer focus focuses explain to explain Expressive of speech act.
The participants are Musician and Miguel in city center. First Miguel walks
around in the city center and found the musician is playing a guitar. Miguel so
excited to see the musician plays his guitar. He came to musician and cleans his
shoe, and then they do communicate each other about the famous of music.
Miguel tells about his dream want to a good musician and tells about his family
that hates about music. Accidently the Musician says I asked for a shoe shine not
your life story, and then Miguel make apologizing to him about his fault. The
word “Oh, yeah” Sorry that Miguel directly makes apologizing to the musician.
Based on the reasons above, the writer will analyse this thesis under the title
“Expressive Speech Acts in Coco’s movie by Darla k. Anderson”.
B. Formulation of the Problem
According to the background of the problem has explained above, the
writer makes formulations of the problem. The formulations of the problem could
be formulated as follows.
1. What types of expressive speech acts are used by the main characters in the
Coco‟s movie by Darla K. Anderson?
2. How do the main characters use expressive speech acts in the Coco‟s movie
by Darla K. Anderson?
3. What are the effects of expressive speech acts used by the main characters in
the Coco‟s movie by Darla K. Anderson?
C. Limitation of the Problem
The writer only investigates how the characters use the kinds, the
functions of expressive speech acts, and the effect of expressive speech acts in
Coco‟s movie. The writer only analyzes expressive speech acts are utterance by
characters in Coco‟s movie. The writer is using Coco movie by Darla k Anderson
as references for thesis.
6
D. Purpose of the Problems
The purpose of this study as follows:
1. To find out the types of expressive speech acts in Coco‟s movie by Darla K.
Anderson.
2. To find out how do the main characters use expressive speech acts in Coco‟s
movie by Darla K. Anderson.
3. To find out the effects expressive speech acts in used by characters in the
Coco‟s movie by Darla K. Anderson.
E. Significant of the Research
In this thesis, the writer would like to find out the expressive speech act in
Coco‟s movie. The writer hopes this research will help the readers to know the
Expressive speech act in the Coco‟s movie by Darla K. Anderson, and give
additional information and knowledge to the writer and the readers, especially to
the student and lectures English Literature Department wants to learn about the
speech acts in daily activity.
7
CHAPTER II
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
A. Speech Act
In simple words, a speech act is a compound word between speech and
act. It is used by people to express their action via speech or utterances.
According to Lyons in Arif’s Journal defines speech acts as “actions performed
via utterances” 14
which can be classified into apology, complaint, compliment,
invitation, promise, or request. When a speaker utters something, he or she then
expects that the hearer will be affected by his or her utterances. For example,
when a speaker utters a complaint to the hearer, he or she does not only expect
that the utterance is heard by the complaint, but more importantly, he or she also
wants the complaint to fix the mistake based on the complaint. There are many
types and classifications of speech acts. The researcher uses speech acts
classifications based on Austin and Searle‟s in Sapir’s book theories of speech
acts. The following explanations present the theories of speech acts and the
classifications.15
B. Speech Act Classifications by Austin
According to Austin in Oishi’s Journal in every utterance, a speaker
performs an act such as stating a fact or an opinion, confirming or denying
something, asking a question, issuing an order and so forth.16
Then, he makes
one important distinction concerning the three kinds of actions associated with
the utterances. Those are explained below:
14
Zainal Arif, “Speech Act Performance of Promosing Among Jordanias”, (Journal: Faculty
of Major Language Studies Islamic Science University of Malaysia (USIM) Malaysia, 2013), p. 4 15
Edward Sapir, Language An Introduction To The Study of Speech, (New York: Harcourd,
Brace, 1921), p. 9 16
Etsuko Oishi, “Austin’s Speech Act Theory and the Speech Situation”, (International
Journal: Esercizi Filosofici, 1, 2006, pp. 1-14. ISSN 1970-0164), p. 6
8
1. Locutionary Acts.17
A locutionary act is the simple act of saying something and meaning
the things that people say. According to Yule‟s theory in John’s book, the
locutionary act is the basic act of an utterance in producing a meaningful
linguistic expression.18
For example, in the utterance “I’ve just made some
coffee”, the locutionary act of this utterance is that the speaker has just made
some coffee.
2. Ilocutionary Acts
An ilocutionary act can also be called as an implied level. It is an act
of doing something. According to Suyono stated: “Ilocutionary act yaitu
tindak tutur yang berisi pengucapan suatu pertnyaan, tawaran, janji dan lain-
lain yang erat hubunganya dengan bentuk–bentuk kalimat.19
In other words,
this speech act related to act in relation to say something or an act of doing
something in saying something. For example, in the utterance “I’ve just made
some coffee”, it is an imperative statement that a speaker might utter it to
make a request or an order to someone else.
Austin defines illocutionary act as performance of an act in saying
something.20
By saying the utterances, the speaker is also doing a certain
action. It can conclude that distinguishes five classes of illocutionary acts and
bases on illocutionary point, the result of illocutionary point and the
relationship of word and world. They are assertive, directives, commissives,
expressive, and declarations.
17
Herman, “Illocutionary Acts Analysis of Chinese in Pematangsiantar”, International Journal
of Humanities and Social Science Invention, December. 2015, p. 43. 18
John R. Sarle, Austin on Locutionary and Illocutionary Acts, (Duke University Press on
behalf of Philosophical Review, 196), p. 476 19
Suyono,Pragmatic (dasar-dasar dan pengajaran), (Malang :YA3 Malang,1990), p. 260 20
Austin in Nur Vita Handayani, “The Use of Expressive Speech Acts in Hannah Montana
Session 1”, Register, Vol. 8, No. 1, June 2015, p. 102
9
3. Perlocutionary Acts
According to Hisham Ibrahim Abdulla, a perlocutionary act is the
effect of an utterance. It deals with the effect on the hearer by means of
uttering the sentences.21
The example of a perlocutionary act can be seen
clearly in the utterance “I’ve just made some coffee”, which has the effect on
the hearer. This utterance means that the speaker wants the hearer to drink the
coffee that he or she has made.
From the Speech Act Classifications by Austin above, the writer
focuses on Ilocutionary Acts, because Ilocutionary Acts it is an imperative
statement that a speaker might utter it to make a request or an order to
someone else. Here, the writer will analyze about the motivational words of
Barack Obama’s speech in campaign. Where pragmatic theory focuses on the
meaning in the context itself, this theory is very suitable to conduct this
research, because it can be used to analyze the motivational words. Here, the
writer wants to see the words that have influence in his speech. It is clear that
the writer chooses pragmatic theory because this theory focuses on the
meaning of an utterance based on the context itself.
C. Expressive Speech Act
Expressive includes acts in which the words are to express the
psychological state specified in the sincerity condition about a state of affairs
specified in the propositional content22
. In other words, expressive are those kinds
of speech act that express psychological attitude or state of the speaker such as a
joy, sorrow, and like/dislikes. Paradigmatic cases include apologizing, blaming,
21
Hisham Ibrahim Abdulla, “Locutionary, Illocutionary and Perlocutioary Acts”,
(International Journal: University of Jordan, 1996), p. 7 22
Austin in Pravita Widya Wardana, “Expressive Speech Acts Used By English Teacher in
“Program Khusus (Pk) Classes” Of The Eighth Grade Students Of Mtsn 3 Boyolali”, English
Education Department Islamic Education and Teacher Training Faculty The State Islamic Institute of
Surakarta 2018, p, 27.
10
congratulating, praising, and thanking. There is no direction of fit for this type of
speech act. 23
The example of expressive speech act:
1. I’m really sorry!
2. Congratulations!
3. We greatly appreciate what you did for us.
Example (a) utterance belongs to expressive as an apologizing. Example
(b) utterance belongs to expressive as appreciation/congratulation. To sum up,
using an expressive, the speaker makes word to fit world of feeling. Example (c)
can be used to thank or to appreciate someone. It can concluded that expressive
speech acts can be caused by something the speaker does of hearer does, but they
are about the speaker experience. In using an expressive, the speaker makes word
fit the world (of feeling).
D. Kinds of Expressive Speech Act
According to Searle that speaker expresses his or her psychological state
to the listener. Another example of example of expression illocutionary acts
which is showing a mental state of some psychological the state affairs:24
1. Expressive for Thank
Expressing gratitude is considered to be one universals of
interpersonal communication, in particular in realization of the politeness
principle. Thanking is classified as an expressive illocutionary act that can be
defined as an expression of gratitude on the part of the speaker to the
addressee.
For example:
“Thank you so much for calling.”
23
Austin, How to Do Things with Words. London: OUP, 1962, p. 26 24
Austin in Pravita Widya Wardana, “ Expressive Speech Acts Used By English Teacher in
“Program Khusus (Pk) Classes” Of The Eighth Grade Students Of Mtsn 3 Boyolali”, English
Education Department Islamic Education and Teacher Training Faculty The State Islamic Institute of
Surakarta 2018, p, 28.
11
“Thank you for letting me knows.”
Thanking is one of expressive speech acts which is considered as one
of universal interpersonal communication. It is an act to express gratitude,
appreciation, generosity or positive gesture, good faith and so on from the
speaker to the others help. The example of sentences of thanking are: “thank
you” and “I appreciate your kindness”. In short, thanking is where the
speaker expresses positive feelings to the addressee, who has done a service to
the speaker.25
2. Expressive for Apologize
Apologizing is an expression of regret. Some definitions of
apologizing such as; acknowledge faults or shortcoming failing, defend,
explain, clear away or make excuses for by reasoning. There also some related
terms of apologizing: alibi out of, apologize for, ask forgiveness, beg pardon,
express to regret, plead guilty, do penance and so on. 26
For example:
“I‟m sorry to waste your time.”
“I really do apologize.”
“I beg your pardon.”
Apologizing is a statement to express sorry and regret about
something, usually when someone does something wrong. In other occasion,
apologizing does not mean someone is wrong and others are right but it just
means that he or she valu es your relation more than your ego.
3. Expressive for Congratulation
Congratulating, applauding and condoling are the kinds of expressive
for congratulations. Those show the speaker’s sympathy toward what has
been happening to the hearer. Congratulating expresses the feeling of pleasure
25
Nur Vita Handayani, “he Use Of Expressive Speech Acts In Hannah Montana Session 1”,
Journl of Register, Vol. 8, No. 1, June 2015, p. 104 26
Austin in Pravita Widya Wardana, “ Expressive Speech Acts Used By English Teacher in
“Program Khusus (Pk) Classes” Of The Eighth Grade Students Of Mtsn 3 Boyolali”, p, 28.
12
toward the hearer’s luck, applauding expresses the feeling of honoring toward
hearer’s ability, while condoling expresses the feeling of compassion toward
the hearer’s sadness.
For example: “Well done!”
“I congratulate you for your success.a”
“Oh, poor little thing!”
This act shows the speaker’s care to hearer for his or her achievement
and success. By expressing congratulation, the speaker shows great pleasure
because he also feels the joy that happen to the hearer. The speakers of this
are mostly the family members, best friends, or co- workers. The example of
congratulating includes; “Well done!” and “Congratulation for the newborn
son”. In other words, congratulation happens where the speaker has observed
that the addressee has either benefited from or carried out a positively valued
event. 27
4. Expressive for Greetings
Greeting is an expression of welcoming. It is also the act of greeting
by the speaker to the hearer.
For example:
“Come in, young man!”
“Good day to you!”
This is a positive or polite manner of the speaker in greeting the
hearer. The acts of greetings are friendly response of approving attendance to
a place or event with passion and joy. Greetings occur in house, office, party
and other event depending on the occasions. The examples of welcoming
expression are “hi guys!” and “welcome to my party”. In short, greetings
expression happens where the speaker expresses positive feelings towards the
arrival of the addressee.
27
Austin in Pravita Widya Wardana, “ Expressive Speech Acts Used By English Teacher in
“Program Khusus (Pk) Classes” Of The Eighth Grade Students Of Mtsn 3 Boyolali”, p, 28.
13
5. Expressive for Wishes
Wishing is the expression of speaker’s desire and wants in order to
expect it becomes reality. 28
For example:
“I wish I knew the cause.”
“I hope you all have a marvelous holiday.”
6. Expressive for Attitudes
This kind of expressive is about criticizing, complaining, and
deprecating that express the feeling of disagrees or dislike with the hearer’s
attitude. Those expect the hearer to mull over the speaker’s utterance.
For example:
“That‟s no good.”
“It‟s quite nasty.”
“Non sense, old son.”
From the theories above, the writer found there are six kinds of expressive
from Searle, start from expressive for thank, expressive for apologize, expressive
for congratulation, expressive for greetings, expressive for wishes, and the last
expressive for attitudes. The writer will use this theory to find out types of
expressive speech acts in Coco‟s movie by Darla K. Anderson. 29
E. The Use of Expressive Speech Act
Now that we have seen that an utterance can have more than one
ilocutionary , it is useful to introduce the distinction between direct and indirect
ilocutionary act. The ilocutionary act, which becomes direct ilocutionary act and
indirect ilocutionary act. Direct ilocutionary as the ilocutionary most directly
indicated by a literal reading of the grammatical form and vocabulary of the
28
Austin in Pravita Widya Wardana, “ Expressive Speech Acts Used By English Teacher in
“Program Khusus (Pk) Classes” Of The Eighth Grade Students Of Mtsn 3 Boyolali”, p, 29. 29
Austin in Pravita Widya Wardana, “ Expressive Speech Acts Used By English Teacher in
“Program Khusus (Pk) Classes” Of The Eighth Grade Students Of Mtsn 3 Boyolali”, p, 30.
14
sentence uttered and indirect ilocutionary as any further ilocutionary the utterance
may have.
Based on the Yule statement the use of expressing the expressive speech
act can be direct and indirect.30
1. Direct
Direct speech act is the one which expresses the word literally and
communicates directly. Thus, statement expressed in declarative form,
question expressed in interrogative, command, request expressed imperatively
as when we do not know something and we ask someone to provide the
information, we usually produce a direct speech act such as “Can you ride a
bicycle?”
Direct ilocutionary act is an ilocutionary act in which only the
ilocutionary force and propositional content literally expressed by the lexical
items and syntactic form of the utterance are communicated. The direct
ilocutionary act of an utterance is the ilocutionary most directly indicated by a
literal reading of the grammatical form and vocabulary of the sentence
uttered.
2. Indirect
Indirect speech act is the one expressed in a sentence mode. The
meaning that is contrary to the purpose that it is expressing, even though the
meaning of the words are arranged in accordance with what the speaker
intended, for example: “sorry, You left the door open”. It means that the
speaker wants the hearer to close the door.
Indirect ilocutionary act is an ilocutionary act in which the speaker
expresses another ilocutionary force other than that literally expressed in the
utterance, by relying on, shared background knowledge principles of
conversation, such as the cooperative principle convention, and the ability of
30
Yule, The Study of Language (3rd
Edition).( New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006),
p. 52
15
the addressee to make inferences. The indirect ilocutionary act of an utterance
is any further illocution the utterance may have. Let see some examples of
direct and indirect ilocutionary act bellow.
a. The direct ilocutionary of, “Can you pass the salt, please?” is an enquiry
about the hearer’s ability to pass the salt. The indirect ilocutionary is a
request that the hearer pass the salt.
b. “Why don’t we go to Portugal this summer?” The direct ilocutionary of
that statement is asking why speaker and hearer do not go to Portugal this
summer. The indirect ilocutionary is a suggesting that the speaker and the
hearer go to Portugal this summer.
c. The direct ilocutionary of, “Let me say immediately that I endorse the
chairman’s ruling” is an ordering hearer to permit speaker to say that
he/she endorses the chairman’s ruling. The indirect ilocutionary is an
endorsing chairman’s ruling.
d. “I believe you may have been looking for me.” The direct ilocutionary is
asserting that speaker believes hearer may have been looking for speaker,
and the indirect ilocutionary is asking whether hearer has been looking for
speaker. The direct illocution of, “I must ask you to leave” is an asserting
that speaker is obliged to ask hearer to leave, and the indirect illocution is
asking hearer to leave. 31
From the explanation above in can conclude that, there are two ways for
the using of expressive speech act from Yule, start from Direct and Indirect The
writer will use this theory to find out how do the main characters use expressive
speech acts in Coco‟s movie by Darla K. Anderson.
31
Yule in Nonik Yukafi Mazidah, “Expressive Speech Act Found in Efl Classroom
Interaction”, English Letters Department Faculty of Humanities Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic
University Malang 2018, p. 15.
16
F. The Effects of Expressive Speech Act
Herbert Clark said that there are three effects from using expressive
speech act in life, it can be seen below: 32
1. Getting Knowledge
People can get knowledge when they do communication with the
people around the world, because they can understand about a subject that
they get by experience or study, either known by one person or by people
generally. When the people have knowledge they feel happy because they can
get new knowledge and they also feel calm about their problems solved. Muh
Syahril Asdar also added that people can learn from everything around them.
It need not even be intentional but they need to catch it before it fades.33
2. Giving Command
People can receive suggestion to make their life better, it could be for
one person or a group of people to do the right things in life, it can be
happened when they have communication each other. Brown and Yule also
added the language function could give them suggestions, without language
function people cannot give command to make progress in life. 34
3. Asking for Information
People could receive information from other people when they do
communication, Information is any entity or form that provides the answer to
a question of some kind or resolves uncertainty. Information is conveyed
either as the content of a message or through direct or indirect. That which is
perceived can be construed as a message in its own right, and in that sense,
information is always conveyed as the content of a message.
32
Herbert Clark, Psychology and Language An Introduction to Psycholinguistics, (United
State of America: Library of Congress Press, 1977), p. 25 33
Muh Syahril Asdar, “An Analysis of Language Function in BPEC (Benteng Panynyua
English Club) In Fort Rotterdam”, Skripsi: English and Literature Department Adab and Humanity
Faculty Alauddin State Islamic University Makassar, p. 16. 34
Brown and Yule, Discourse Analysis, (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1983), hlm.
17
From the explanations above, it can conclude that there are three effects
from using language function in life. The writer will use this theory to find out the
effects of expressive speech act to find out the effects expressive speech acts in
used by characters in the Coco‟s movie by Darla K. Anderson.
G. Previous Related Research
In this thesis Expressive e Speech Acts In “Coco” Movie By Darla K.
Anderson there are five previous related research. The First, Suprihatin from The
State Islamic University Sulthan Thaha Saifuddin Jambi entilted The Expressive
Illocutionary Act in Hillari Clinton‟s Speech During Presidential Election”35
This research uses qualitative research and descriptive technique to explain and
analyze the data. The theories used illocutionary acts by Searle, expressive
illocutionary act approach to analyze the types of expressive illocutionary acts
used by Hillary Clinton's speech; it has to answer the first formulation of the
problem. Then the theory of speech act by Parker and theory of context by Hymes
to investigate the last formulation of the problem.
The result of the research shows that there are five types of expressive
illocutionary acts used by Hillary in her speech, namely (1) thanks, (2) apologize
(3) Congratulates , (4) wishes, and (5) attitudes. The type of expressive acts used
more often in this speech is thanks. It was like as when Hillary starts her speech
in front of the audience. Hillary was expressed her thanking to audience because
the audience had come to her convention. meanwhile, Hillary also express her
thanking to her family, her partner in campaign, her supporter and all the people
who had come to her convention to support her. The writer did not found the
expressive act for greeting in this research. There are also four the ways used by
Hillary in performing expressive illocutionary acts. Those were direct literal
35
Suprihatin, “The Expressive Illocutionary Act in Hillari Clinton‟s Speech During
Presidential Election”, The State Islamic University Sulthan Thaha Saifuddin Jambi 2017
18
speech act, direct non literal act, indirect literal act, and direct non literal. In this
research direct literal had the most commonly appear.
The Second Lalu Banu Sirwan and Yuyun Yulia from Sarjanawiyata
Tamansiswa University entitled “An Analysis of Expressive Speech Acts Used
by Steve Rogers as the Main Character in Civil War Movie”36
The objective of
the study are to describe (1) the kinds of expressive speech act used by Steve
Rogers in Civil War movie, and (2) the S-P-E-A-K-I-N-G model used by Steve
Rogers in the movie. This research reveals of expressive speech to express the
main character’s feeling, attitude, and emotion. The data were collected by
watching the movie and reading the movie script to get information about the
utterances that were used by Steve Rogers in Civil War movie. The findings show
that there are ten kinds of expressive speech acts in forty five utterances found in
the movie and Steve Rogers used S-P-E-A-K-I-N-G model in cultural context;
due to in his interaction, he showed care, sympathy and empathy to others.
The Third Garda Arif Wicaksono from University of Ahmad Dahlan
Yogyakarta entitled “An Analysis of Declarative Speech Act in the Movie My
Lawyer, Mr Jo: Pragmatics Approach”.37
The objectives of this research were
first, to understand Speech act and Types of Speech act. Second, to find out of
Declarative Speech act in Movie My Lawyer, Mr Jo. In this research the
researcher used qualitative research. Data and source on this research, the
researcher used movies. The result of this research showed that on Mr. Lawyer,
Mr. Joo many utterance contains declarative on this movies likes a judge started
the trial, judge asked to witness, judge end the trial. Finally, this research is
expected to be used as a reference or example to more understanding about
speech act especially declarative.
36
Lalu Banu Sirwan and Yuyun Yulia, “An Analysis of Expressive Speech Acts Used by
Steve Rogers as the Main Character in Civil War Movie”, Journal of English Language and Language
Teaching (JELLT) Vol. 1, No.2, 2017, p. 61 37
Garda Arif Wicaksono, “An Analysis of Declarative Speech Act in the Movie My Lawyer,
Mr Jo: Pragmatics Approach”, University of Ahmad Dahlan Yogyakarta, 2018, p. 91
19
The Fourth Nur Vita Handayani from University of Ahmad Dahlan
Yogyakarta entitled “The Use of Expressive Speech Acts in Hannah Montana
Session 1”.38
This study aims to describe kinds and forms of expressive speech
act in Hannah Montana Session 1. It belongs to descriptive qualitative method.
The research object was expressive speech act. The data source was utterances
which contain expressive speech acts in the film Hannah Montana Session 1. The
researcher used observation method and noting technique in collecting the data. In
analyzing the data, descriptive qualitative method was used. The research findings
show that there are ten kinds of expressive speech act found in Hannah Montana
Session 1, namely expressing apology, expressing thanks, expressing sympathy,
expressing attitudes, expressing greeting, expressing wishes, expressing joy,
expressing pain, expressing likes, and expressing dislikes. The forms of
expressive speech act are direct literal expressive speech act, direct nonliteral
expressive speech act, indirect literal expressive speech act, and indirect non-
literal expressive speech act.
The Fifth Pravita Widya Wardana from The State Islamic Institute of
Surakarta entitled “Expressive Speech Acts Used by English Teacher in
“Program Khusus Classes (Pk)” of The Eighth Grade Students of Mtsn 3
Boyolali”.39
The objective of this research is to describe the types of expressive
speech act spoken by the English teacher of Program Khusus (PK) classes for the
Eighth Grade Students at MTsN3 Boyolali. Expressive are those kinds of speech
act that express psychological attitude or state of the speaker such as a joy,
sorrow, and like/dislikes. It’s includes apologizing, blaming, congratulating,
praising, and thanking.
38
Nur Vita Handayani, “An Analysis of Declarative Speech Act in the Movie My Lawyer,”,
University of Ahmad Dahlan, Vol. 8, No. 1, June 2015, p. 99 39
Pravita Widya Wardana, “Expressive Speech Acts Used By English Teacher in “Program
Khusus Classes (Pk)” of the Eighth Grade Students of Mtsn 3 Boyolali,”, The State Islamic Institute of
Surakarta, 2018
20
This research employs descriptive qualitative research. The subjects of
this research were an English teacher and two classes of eighth grade students of
MTsN 3 Boyolali in Program Khusus (PK) classes. The data of this research were
all utterances spoken by English teacher containing expressive speech acts. This
research applied fourth meeting in the teaching learning process. The data the
classified in Searle’s theory, they are expressive for thank, expressive for
apologize, expressive for congratulation, expressive for greeting, expressive for
wishes, and expressive for attitude. This research applied triangulation technique
to support the data credibility. The data were collected by observation, recording
and transcribing. Then, the data were analyzed by using interactive model
analysis proposed by Miles and Huberman (1994). In addition, coding system was
also applied to ease the researcher in classifying the data.
The findings of research show that from six types of expressive speech
acts, the researcher founds all kinds of expressive speech acts performed by the
teacher, they are expressive for expressive for thank, expressive for apologize,
expressive for congratulation, expressive for greeting, expressive for wishes, and
expressive for attitude. The types of expressive speech acts found are expressive
for thank as may 4 data, expressive for apologize 3 data, expressive for
congratulation 17 data, expressive for greeting 5 data, expressive for wishes 9
data, and expressive for attitude 5 data. In conclusion, expressive for
congratulation was mostly dominant used by English teacher in teaching learning
process. The use of expressive for congratulation by the teacher was very
important to conduct or to give a spirit in teaching learning process. The
researcher hopes that it will inspire the English teacher to use appropriate
expressive speech acts in teaching learning process. Then, the English teacher
used utterances consist of Indonesian language, code mixing and code switching,
and English language.
21
Based on the description above, all of the researches talk about speech
acts. In this research, the writer also talks about expressive speech acts. Different
from the researches above, the writer only analyzes expressive speech act in
movie. The writer only focuses on the characters utterance in movie.
In this research, the similarity to the research above that both of them used
descriptive qualitative and analyze about expressive speech acts same to the
writer uses the method of this research is descriptive qualitative. In this research,
the writer has diffident with Grada Arif Wicaksono from University of Ahmad
Dahlan Yogyakarta. Grada Arif Wicakaono analyze about declarative speech.
22
CHAPTER III
METHOD OF RESEARCH
A. Design of Research
In writing this thesis, the writer used qualitative research and descriptive
method that was suitable with the aim of this research. Qualitative method might
be in descriptive form. The data were collected in the form of words as a
descriptive explanation than a number. The result of the research contained
quotation from the data to illustrate and substantive the presentation. Descriptive
method was a research which aims to describe a phenomenon accurately based on
the characteristic of research.40
In this thesis, the writer would use qualitative
method, where the data were analyzed through interpreting, not statistic analysis.
Nyoman Kutha Ratna stated that:
“Kualitatif memberikan perhatian terhadap data alamiah, data dalam
hubungannya dengan konteks keberadaanya. Cara-cara inilah yang
mendorong metode kualitatif dianggap sebagai multi metode sebab
penelitian pada giliran nyamelibatkan sejumlah besar gejala sosial yang
relevan. Dalam penelitian karya sastra, misalnya, akan dilibatkan
pengarang, lingkungan social di mana pengarang berada, termasuk
unsur-unsur kebudayaan.”41
Based on the quotation above, the qualitative method could be used in this
research due to the qualitative method did not only involves the intrinsic aspect in
literary work. But, it could be related with the extrinsic aspect in the literary itself.
So, that is why, the qualitative method also could be said as multi method.
Because, the relating of the intrinsic aspect and extrinsic aspect in the literary
itself. Descriptive was: “Data yang dikumpulkan berupa kata-kata, gambar dan
40
John W. Creswell, Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design, (United States of America:
California 1997), p. 15. 41
Nyoman Kutha Ratna, Teori, Metode dan Teknik Penelitian Sastra. Cet. Ke-III edisi
revisi,(Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, 2011), p. 47.
23
bukan angka-angka, hal itu disebabkan oleh penerapan metode kualitatif.”42
Moh
Nazir also added that “Metode deskriptif adalah ini bertujuan untuk membuat
deskripsi, gambaran atau lukisan secara sistematis, factual dan akurat mengenai
fakta-fakta, sifat-sifat serta hubungan antar fenomena yang diselidiki”43
. It makes
easy the research to get the right data. It means that qualitative method used to get
the deep meaning from the data. It would make easy the research to get the right
data. Sugiono stated that:
“Metode penelitian kualitatif adalah metode penelitian yang digunakan
untuk meneliti pada kondisi objek yang alamiah, (sebagai lawannya
adalah eksperimen) dimana penelitian adalah sebagai instrument kunci,
teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan secara triangulasi (gabungan),
analisis data bersifat induktif/kalitatif, dan hasil penelitian kualitatif lebih
menekankan makna dari pada generalisasi.” 44
It means that qualitative method was analyzing about descriptive data such
us writer or spoken, at the person who was observed in this research, where
qualitative method also analyzing about the data from outside which the data still
not right. By using this qualitative method, the writer feels easy to analyze
expressive speech act in Coco‟s movie. Based on those statements, it could be
concluded that qualitative research was analyzing about descriptive data that was
collected in the form of the situation of the natural object. Where descriptive data
such as writer or spoken, by using qualitative method the writer will get rice
answer about the question in analyzing expressive of speech from in movie
entitles Coco‟s movie by Darla K. Anderson.
42
MartinisYatim,Metodologi Penelitian Pendidikan danSosial Kualitatif dan Kuantitatif,
(Jakarta: Bogor Pnerbit Ghalia Indonesia, 2009), p. 191. 43
Moh. Nazir, Motode Penelitian, (Bogor: Pnerbit Ghalia Indonesia, 2011), p. 54. 44
Sugiyono, Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif Kualitatif dan R & D, (Bandung: Alfabeta, 2019),
p. 9.
24
B. Sources of Data
The data were the main data directly related to the discussion of the thesis.
In this research the writer takes the primary data from in movie script entitles
Coco‟s movie by Darla K. Anderson. The writer download the movie from
www.dramaindo.name and the writer take the script from the movie.
C. Technique of Data Collection
In an effort to get the data and fact, in this research the writer uses
qualitative research, the techniques in qualitative research. The writer uses
documentation and Sugiyono stated that “Dokumen merupakan catatan peristiwa
yang sudah berlalu dan dokumen ialah setiap bahan tertulis, ataupun dari record
yang dipersiapkan karena adanya permintaan seorang penyidik”.45
It means that
in qualitative research, the writer used some documents that had correlation or
support the problem of the research, because this research is descriptive that was
why the writer described and analyzed the data that had been found in from in
movie script entitles Coco’s Movies by Darla K. Anderson to answer of the
problems that has been formulated in the formulation of the problem. The writer
had some steps in collecting the data based on Sugiyono’s book, in order to make
this research more specific. The steps in collecting data: 46
1. Collecting all data from the movie entitles Coco‟s movie by Darla K.
Anderson that had been taking from the reading, watching the script of the
Coco‟s movie, and other sources which were closely related to the aim of the
research and also reading repeatedly.
2. Reading the data repeatedly, after getting all important sources, the writer
reads it to make sure that the data are correlating with the research.
3. Marking on the words or sentences and all the important statements from the
movie script entitles Coco‟s movie by Darla K. Anderson District and
45
Sugiyono, Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif Kualitatif dan R & D, (Bandung: Alfabeta,
2009), p. 9. 46
Sugiyono, Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif Kualitatif dan R & D, p. 9.
25
information, as well as afterwards, making a note of data. After reading the
sources carefully, the writer marked any important statements to make the
writer easier in the analyzing process for the research.
4. Identifying and classifying the data, after finding all the data completely, the
writer processes the data to analyze them. Finally, the writer made a good
arrangement for the thesis itself as the last in finalizing research.
D. Technique of Data Analysis
After collecting the data, the writer analyzes the data. In qualitative
research, technique analysis data were used to answer the formulation of the
problem in analysis data, the writer used descriptive analysis because this
research is descriptive. The writer had several techniques from the data analysis,
in order to make this research more specific. According to Susan Stain back,
“Data analysis is critical to the qualitative research process. It is to recognition,
study, and understanding of interrelationship and concept in your data that
hypotheses and assertions can be developed and evaluated”.47
In this research,
the writer used descriptive analysis because this research was descriptive. It was
way the writer describes, analyzes the data that had been found in from in movie
script entitles Coco‟s movie by Darla K. Anderson to find the answer the
formulation of the problems that had been formulated. The writer had some steps
in analyzing the data based on Sugiyono’s book, in order to make this research
more specific. The steps are:
1. Identifying
Expressive of speech acts in movie script entitles Coco‟s Movie by
Darla K. Anderson.
47
Sugiyono, Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif Kualitatif dan R & D, p. 244.
26
2. Classifying the data
The writer classifies the text event teaching which has correlated with
the source and combined in from in movie script entitles Coco‟s movie by
Darla K. Anderson.
3. Analyzing, describing, explaining
The writer analyzes, describes and explains the data about movie script
entitles Coco‟s movie by Darla K. Anderson.
4. Making the conclusion
After all the data have been analyzed, described and explained in the
research, the writer will make the conclusion of the research
27
CHAPTER IV
FINDING AND ANALYSIS
In this chapter, the writer analyzed the data taken from Coco‟s movie by Darla
K Anderson. The writer was categorized by using Austin’s theory (1962) such as
kind of expressive of speech act. The use of expressive speech act by using Yule’s
(2006) theory then, the effect of expressive speech act were categorized by using
Herbert Clack (1977).
A. Finding
The writer makes decision to discuss the utterance or the sentences that
used with one of linguistics study. In this case, the writer will explain that this
study focuses on analyzing the expressive speech act in every utterance or the
sentences which are used the characters in movie entitled Coco‟s movies by Darla
K. Anderson. There were five of expressive speech acts commonly they are;
apologizing, thanking, congratulating, wishes, and attitudes. The use of
expressive speech act direct and indirect, the effect of expressive speech act were
categorized, they are; Getting Knowledge, giving command, asking for
information. The writer found 29 data in Coco‟s movies.
B. Analysis
The analysis of the expressive speech act is focused on the utterances
spoken by characters in Coco‟s movie. The expressive speech act is classified
based on Austin (1962). The classification of expressive speech act such as thank,
apologize, congratulation, greeting, wishes, and attitudes. The writer analyze the
use of expressive speech act by using Yule’s (2006) theory such as direct and
indirect Then, the effect of expressive speech act were categorized by using
Herbert Clack (1977), they are; Getting Knowledge, giving command, asking for
information.
28
1. Kinds of Expressive Speech Act
According to Austin, Expressive are those kinds of speech act that
express psychological attitude or state of the speaker such as thank,
apologizing, congratulation, greeting, wishes, and attitudes. The writer used
the theory by Austin to find the data kind of expressive speech act. 48
a. Expressive for Thank
Thanking is classified as an expressive illocutionary act that can be
defined as an expression of gratitude on the part of the speaker to the
addressee, the writer used theory by Austin. 49
The following picture explains Miguel need a favor from someone,
after he down in to the grave.
Picture 1
Person: Little boy. Are you okay? Here. Let me help you.
Miguel : Thanks. I..50
Based on the picture above when Migeul tried to stole the Dela
cruz’s guitar in the church, accidently he had trouble and got panic. A lot
of people came to the church and checked the condition there, they only
see the guitar down and they did not see Migeul. Migeul was looked
invisible and nobody did not see him. He run away from the church and
came to his parents, unfortunately his parent did not see him. He got down
48
Austin’s Speech Act Theory and the Speech Situation 49
Austin, How to Do Things with Words. London: OUP, 1962, p. 26 50
Duration 00:22:33,080 --> 00:22:34,860
29
into a grave. Someone helped him to get out from the grave. He said
thanks to the person that helped him.
The following picture explains Hector came to Ceci’s apartment
want to make request for new dress.
Picture 2
Frida : Ya lo sabia! I got to dress
forty dancers by sunrise.
Hector: Thanks to you.
short of an opening number! 51
Based on the picture above, Hector and Migeul going for around
city looking for new dress for Hector, and then he came to Ceci’s
apartment for ask some new dress for him. Cerci got angry with him.
Hector convinced Ceci so that she gave a new dress to him. After she gave
the dress to him. He said thanks to her. From the explanation, the writer
found there are two data about expressive for thank used by characters in
Coco‟s movie.
b. Expressive for Apologize
Apologizing is an expression of regret. Some definitions of
apologizing such as; acknowledge faults or shortcoming failing, defend,
51
Duration 00:37:41,960 --> 00:37:45,820
30
explain, clear away or make excuses for by reasoning, the writer used
theory by Austin. 52
And also
The following picture explains Miguel tried to smash the church
window for taking Dela Cruz’s guitar.
Picture 3
Miguel : I’m sorry53
Based on the picture above, in the night came, Miguel went to
burial for attending the ceremony ancestors had gone. Miguel came to the
church for taking Dela Cruz’s guitar. He got confused to enter the church,
finally he climbed the church and broke the window. He knew that he
doing was wrong, but he was. The window was broken by him and he said
I’m sorry for doing that. All the ways had to do by him, so that he had got
Dela Cruz’s guitar.
The following picture explains Hector used Expressive for
Apologize when he lie with security.
Picture 4
Hector : Okay, when I said I was Frida,
52
Austin, How to Do Things with Words. London: OUP, 1962, p. 26 53
Duration 00:20:25,680 --> 00:20:27,190
31
just now, that was a lie. And I apologize
for doing that.54
Security : No photo on an ofrenda,
no crossing the bridge.
Based on the picture above Hector tried to cross the bridge and
wearing looked like Frida. He also lie with the security, unfortunately he
could not, because there were conditions for to do that. The family had to
remember his photo, but he failed. After scanned himself to security, there
were no specific photo in living land. Finally he undressed his clothes to
indicate him, he failed again. and then he said I apologize for doing that to
security.
The following picture explains Miguel made apologize with his
father for his mistake. His father was really worried with his son.
Picture 5
Papa : I thought I'd lost you, Miguel.
Miguel : I am sorry papa.55
Based on the picture above Miguel went from in land of death,
Miguel bought the story about his grandfather to tell to his family. He ran
from the church while he bring the guitar to go home, he felt sad that his
grandfather will be gone forever from his family. And then he looked for
Mama Coco to tell him that she must be remembering his father again. but
54
Duration 00:26:58,890 --> 00:27:00,280 55
Duration 01:30:08,310 --> 01:30:09,970
32
she did not listen to. Miguel cried about her, his came to Miguel and
Mama Coco. Mama Albuileta got angry with Miguel, because Miguel
bring the guitar to Mama Coco. His family really hated about music. For
them music were taboo words. Miguel come to his father, he hugged his
father. His father really worried about Miguel, he thought he would lost
Miguel. Miguel said “I’m sorry papa” to his father about what he had to
do.
The following picture explains Imelda wanted to forget her
husband Hector, because Hector had left his family in the long time.
Picture 6
Imelda : I wanted to forget you.
I wanted Coco to forget you too, but
Hector : This is my fault. Not yours. I'm sorry, Imelda.56
Based on the picture above, Hector made apologize to his wife
Imelda. Because Hector had gone from his family, he spent many time for
to be musician. He always did not have time for his family, someday
Imelda heard about the information about Hector was killed by someone.
Imelda deeply felt sad about it. Someday Hector and Imelda met in the
land of death, Hector made apologize with her, Imelda wanted to help
him, and she also wanted Coco to forget about him. Hector said “I’m
sorry, Imelda” for what he had to do. He just wanted to Coco remember
56
Duration 01:18:21,470 --> 01:18:23,620
33
about him again. But if not, he will be gone forever and forgotten by
Coco. From the explanation, the writer found there are four data about
expressive for apologize used by characters in Coco’s movie.
c. Expressive for Congratulation
Congratulating, applauding and condoling are the kinds of
expressive for congratulations. Those show the speaker’s sympathy
toward what has been happening to the hearer. From the explanation about
there are two data about Expressive for congratulation used by characters
in Coco’s movie by Austin theory. 57
The following photo explains Miguel following the competition
music. He succeeded audiences really happy about his performance,
hector was giving congratulation to Miguel.
Picture 7
Hector: Hey! You did good! I'm proud of you.58
Based on the picture above Hector and Miguel were joining the
competition music. Hector looked Miguel got nervous to show off on the
stage. Hector convinced everything was going to be okay, but Miguel still
got nervous. The assistant called Miguel for going to the stage, Miguel
went to stage and looked a lot of people. Miguel was screaming and then
played the guitar. He tried the best for making people happy with his
show. He sang several songs to the audiences, and people love with his
57
Austin, How to Do Things with Words. London: OUP, 1962, p. 26 58
Duration 00:53:03,680 --> 00:53:08,870
34
show. He succeeded making people happy. The audiences cheering about
his performance, Hector came to stage and give applause to him. He said
you did good! I’m proud of you.
The following picture explains Hector used expressive
congratulation when he tried to hide Miguel from his family.
Picture 8
Hector : Okay. Hey! Ta-da!59
Dead as a doorknob.
Miguel : Wow
Based on the picture above the started when his family tried to
chase Miguel and will send to him in the living land, Hector wanted to
help Miguel run away from his family. Hector doing teamwork with him,
because Miguel also wanted to help Hector too. They succeeded and they
were hiding under the bridge. Hector got idea to make Miguel hard to be
recognizable. Hector took the polish, and then he spread to Miguel face.
Now He Dead as a doorknob, he said Ta-da! to him and feel happy with
that. From these data above it can be known these data consist of kind
expressive for congratulation by Austin’s theory. From the explanation the
writer found there are two data about expressive for congratulation used
by characters in Coco‟s movie.
59
Duration 00:35:32,420 --> 00:35:35,000
35
d. Expressive for Greeting
Greeting is an expression of welcoming. It is also the act of
greeting by the speaker to the hearer, the writer used theory by Austin. 60
The following photo explains Miguel used expressive for greeting
when he came Mama Coco.
Picture 9
Miguel : Hey, Mama Coco.61
Mama Coco: How are you, Julio?
Based on the picture above when in the morning Miguel were
going to around his house, he looked so happy with your life and his
family. He also told the history of his family and looked the photo that had
gone, and then he looked Mama Coco sit down next to photo. He came to
Mama Coco said Hey, Mama Coco. Mama Coco said to him How are you,
Julio. The conversation began between Miguel and Mama Coco.
The following picture explains Miguel used expressive for greeting
when he called Dante.
Picture 10
60
Austin, How to Do Things with Words. London: OUP, 1962, p. 26 61
Duration 00:03:10,800 --> 00:03:12,700
36
Miguel : It's you. Get in here. Come in, Dante. Hurry up!62
You're gonna get me in trouble, boy.
Based on the picture above Miguel wanted to join the competition
of music will held tonight in his city, then his grandmother did want him
to follow the competition. Miguel was disappointed about that.
Grandmother wanted Miguel kept stay at home tonight with his family.
Miguel were going to upstairs, he saved his guitar there. He wanted to
hide from his grandmother, he did not want his grandmother see him
playing music. He fixed his guitar and shocked with Dante. Dante came to
him with noised sound. And then he let Dante to enter, he said It’s you.
Get in here Dante, hurry up. Dante came and joined him. From the
explanation, the writer found there are two data about expressive for
greeting used by characters in Coco’s movie.
e. Expressive for Wishes
Wishing is the expression of speaker’s desire and wants in order to
expect it becomes reality, the writer used theory by Austin63
The following picture explains Miguel used expressive for wishes
for becoming best musician like Dela Cruz.
Picture 11
Hector: I never should have left Santa Cecilia. I wish
I could apologize.64
62
Duration 00:11:39,030 --> 00:11:42,090 63
Austin, How to Do Things with Words. London: OUP, 1962, p. 26 64
Duration 01:10:45,130 --> 01:10:49,130
37
Based on the picture above Hector hoped so that someday could
see his daughter again, he felt sorry to his daughter when still alive. He
knew what he had to do, he did not spend many time for coco. He so busy
became a good musician. Until he knew, he had murdered by someone.
Miguel felt so sad about the story from Hector. He also wanted help
Hector for Coco could remember about Hector again.
The following picture explains Hector used expressive for wishes
to meet his daughter.
Picture 12
Miguel : I just wanted to see her again65
. I never should have
left Santa Cecilia.
Based on the picture above that Miguel knew the real Dela Cruz
was not his grandfather, he was disappointed about Dela Cruz. Then Dela
Cruz called the security to take down him. Miguel was down to the cave
by the security, Miguel was trapped there. He was screaming for helping,
but nobody could hear him. Meanwhile, Hector appeared and met him.
Miguel cried to see Hector was his grandfather, but Hector will lose and
then he was forgotten by his daughter in living land. Hector made wishes
“I just wanted to see her again”. From the explanation, the writer found
there are two data about expressive for wishes used by characters in
Coco‟s movie.
65
Duration 01:10:35,880 --> 01:10:39,380
38
f. Expressive for Attitudes
This kind of expressive is about criticizing, complaining, and
deprecating that express the feeling of disagrees or dislike with the
hearer’s attitude, the writer used theory by Austin. 66
The following picture explains Miguel used expressive for
attitudes when he angry with musician.
Picture 13
Miguel : Shame on you.67
Based on the picture above Miguel meets a musician and doing
small talk with him. Miguel ask several to him about how to be good
musician like Dela Cruz, unfortunately he do not speak up a lot to Miguel.
Miguel was disappointed with him, he said “shame on you” to him.
Accidently Miguel’s grandmother come, she really angry with the
musician.
The following picture explains Miguel used expressive for greeting
when he wanted to steal Dela Cruz’s guitar.
Picture 14
66
Austin, How to Do Things with Words. London: OUP, 1962, p. 26 67
Duration 00:08:04,970 --> 00:08:06,770
39
Miguel : de la Cruz, please don't be mad.68
Based on the picture above after Miguel successfully enter to the
church, he looks Dela Cruz picture and his guitar. Miguel want to steal the
guitar, before he will do his action. He said “de la cruz” to make him do
not angry with even though he had gone. Miguel had no choice again.
From these data above it can be known these data consist of kind attitudes
for thanking by Austin’s theory.
Based on the research the first question about the kind of
expressive speech acts, the writer found six kind of expressive speech acts
they are; expressive for thank, expressive for apologize, expressive for
congratulations, expressive for greeting, expressive for wishes This
finding is matched with the theory by Austin, saying that there are six kind
of expressive speech acts, and also similar with the finding of another
research. The writer found all kind of expressive speech acts same as
Pravita Widya Wardana from The State Islamic Institute of Surakarta.
The writer found expressive for apologize was mostly dominant, but
Pravita Widya Wardana found expressive for congratulation was mostly
dominant in her research.
2. The Use of Expressive Speech Act
The writer found there are two ways the use of expressive speech act
in Coco‟s movie, they are Direct and Indirect. The writer analyze about the
use of expressive speech act using Yule’s theory. 69
68
Duration 00:09:55,080 --> 00:09:56,950
69Yule, The Study of Language (3
rd Edition),p. 52
40
a. Direct
Direct speech act is the one which expresses the word literally and
communicates directly. The writer used theory by Yule to answer the use
of expressive speech acts for indirect of getting knowledge.
The following picture explains Miguel used direct expressive
speech act when he required for helping by musician.
Picture 15
Migeul : Hey, musician to musician...
I need a favor.
Security : Oh, the competition winners.
Congratulations.
Musicians : Owhh
Miguel : Thanks, guys!70
Based on picture above Miguel wanted to go to party Dela Cruz,
he as a guest wanted to join Dela Cruz’s party, but unfortunately he has
big problem with the security. The security did not let him to join the
party, because Miguel had no invitation from Dela Cruz. The security
immediately made Miguel out from the party. Miguel confused and did
not know how to enter the party. Accidently he looked the music group, it
was Loschachalacos groups. Miguel immediately came to them. He
needed a favor from them. And they pleased to help him. They joined the
70
Duration 00:57:59,830 --> 00:58:01,280
41
party, but Miguel was hiding in the trumpet. He succeeded joined the
party, and he directly said “Thanks, guys” after he was helping by them.
The following picture explains Hector used direct expressive
speech act when make apologizing to Miguel.
Picture 16
Miguel: Hey, you said you have
front row tickets!
Hector: That... was a lie. I apologize for that.71
Based on the picture above Hector told to Miguel the party tonight,
and then he knew about the party and had tickets for going to the party.
Miguel was so excited with the party, because he could see his grandfather
played music there. They were going to the party, but Hector tried to be lie
with Miguel. He was lying about he had no tickets for join the party.
Miguel got angry him, because he really wanted to see his grandfather. He
was disappointed with him, hector promised to help him, but he did not
hold the promise. Miguel did not wanted to help him for taking his photo
in the living. Hector felt so wrong with what he had to do. He made
apologize to Miguel, because he did not mind to do that.
The following picture explains Dela Cruz throw Hector photo and
then Miguel tried to save the photos jumped form the stage.
71
Duration 00:36:59,650 --> 00:37:02,850
42
Picture 17
Dela Cruz : I am Ernesto de la Cruz. The greatest musician
of all time!
Miguel : Hector's the real musician. You're just the guy
who murdered him and stole his songs!
Dela Cruz : I am the one who's willing to do,
to seize my moment. Apologies, old friend.
But the show must go on.72
Based on the picture above when Miguel knew Dela Cruz was not
his grandfather, he felt so sorry to Hector. Hector was real grandfather
from Migeul. Dela Cruz was bad person, he tried everything to seize his
dream. He murdered Hector, He Poisoned Hector, He stole Hector’s song,
and he stole Hector’s guitar. Hector will gone forever, Miguel really sad,
he would put Hector’s in the living land, but unfortunately Dela Cruz take
the photo and throw it. Miguel tried to take that photo again, but he failed.
Dela Cruz said to Hector “apologies, old friend. But the show must go
on”.
The following photo explains when Hector directly introduced his
personality to Miguel.
72
Duration 01:25:25,780 --> 01:25:29,530
43
Picture 18
Hector : Wait! Yes! You're going back to the
Land of the Living! You know what? Maybe this
isn't such a good... No, no, nino! Nino, nino,
I can help you. You can help me. We can
help each other. But most importantly,
you can help me. Miguel! I'm Hector.73
Based on the picture above Hector knew about came from in the
living land, he needed a favor from the Miguel to put his photo in the
living land. Miguel also needed a favor from Hector, He wanted Hector to
bring him to Dela Cruz. Dela cruz was a great great grandfather from
Miguel. Suddenly Miguel looked his family to catch him, in other side
Hector so excited with Miguel and introduced his personality to Miguel
with said Miguel! I’m Hector. The conversation stopped when Miguel
tried to run from his family, he ran together with Hector so that. They
succeeded, finally they made team and helping together.
The following picture explains Miguel made apologize to mama
Coco after he tried to make his mama for remembering about his
grandfather.
73
Duration 00:34:28,350 --> 00:34:29,850
44
Picture 19
Miguel : I saw your papa. Remember?
Please! If you forget him, he'll be gone. Forever.
Abuelita : What are you doing to that poor woman?
Miguel, you apologize to your Mama Coco.74
Based on the picture above Miguel went from the land of death
immediately came to Mama Coco, he wanted to make her remember
about his father. Her papa will be gone forever if she had forgotten all
related about him. Miguel cried and he took the guitar, His grandmother
got angry with him. She did not let him play music. She also orders to
make apologize to Mama Coco. Suddenly, when Mama Coco looked the
guitar, she remembered about his father. She wanted to see Miguel for
playing the guitar. Finally Miguel was playing the guitar and singing a
song made from his grandfather. The title was Remember me. This song
indicated to Mama Coco, she really love music. She also told about the
father was the best musician. She really happy when his father played
guitar and singing about her favorite song, and then she took the piece of
photo about his father. Miguel looked so happy to see that when Mama
Coco could remember about his grandfather again.
74
Duration 01:30:17,710 --> 01:30:20,970
45
b. Indirect
Indirect speech act is the one expressed in a sentence mode. The
meaning that is contrary to the purpose that it is expressing, even though
the meaning of the words are arranged in accordance with what the
speaker intended. 75
The writer used theory by Yule to answer the use of
expressive speech acts for indirect of getting knowledge.
The following picture explains Hector made mistake and made
Miguel really disappointed with him.
Picture 20
Hector : Chamaco I'm sorry! Come back!76
Based on the picture above after Hector and Miguel were singing
songs on the stage, then Miguel his family was going to find him. The
family wanted to send Miguel to living land. He really got panic with it,
he grab Hector for running away. He told to Hector need blessing from his
grandfather, but Hector did not let him for doing that. He wanted him back
to his family, but Miguel ignored him. He got angry with Hector, because
promised to bring him to his grandfather. Miguel told to Hector that his
family really hated about music. If Hector did not want to help, so Miguel
also did not want to him for bringing Hector’s photo in the living land.
Miguel had gone and takeaway from Hector. Hector felt regret with what
75Yule, The Study of Language (3
rd Edition),p. 52
76 Duration 00:54:20,370 --> 00:54:24,020
46
he had to do to Miguel. He had made apologize to Miguel, but Miguel had
gone from him.
The following picture explains Miguel tried to meet Dela Cruz, he
called Dela Cruz, but Dela Cruz did not hear him.
Picture 21
Miguel : Pardon me! de la Cruz! Senor de la...77
Based on the picture above Migeul wanted see his grandfather, He
ran for chasing his grandfather, he got stuck for chasing his grandfather.
He felt harder, because there were so many people crowded the party.
Miguel Almost succeed but he failed. Miguel said pardon me to Dela Cruz
in the crowded situation.
The following picture below explains Hector had a big hope to see
his daughter again.
Picture 22
Miguel: Who?
77
Duration 00:54:20,370 --> 00:54:24,020
47
Hector: My daughter
Miguel: She's the reason you wanted to cross the bridge.
Hector: I just wanted to see her again78
.
Based on the picture above Hector wanted to cross the bridge to
see his daughter again, but he would lose, his daughter had forgotten him.
He hoped wanted to see his daughter again. Miguel tried to help him.
Hector would take the Hector’s photo in the living land and showing it to
the his daughter. So that his daughter could remember about Hector again.
From the explanation about there are three data about direct expressive
speech acts used by characters in Coco’s movie by Yule’s theory. 79
Based on the research second question about the ues of expressive
speech acts, the writer found two use of expressive speech acts they are;
direct and indirect. This finding is matched with the theory by Yule,
saying that there are two the use of expressive speech acts, and also
similar with the finding of another research. The writer found all use of
expressive speech acts same as Nur Vita Handayani from Ahmad Dahlan
University. The writer found direct use of expressive speech acts was
mostly dominant, but Nur Vita Handayani focused on how characters
utterance speech directly and indirectly.
3. The Effects of Expressive Speech Act
Herbert Clark said that there are three effects from using expressive
speech act in life. The writer found some data about the effects of expressive
speech act in Coco‟s movie. Based on Herbert Clark80
, the writer wanted to
use this theory to know the effect of expressive speech act itself in life.
78
Duration 01:10:35,880 --> 01:10:39,380 79
Yule, The Study of Language (3rd
Edition),p. 52 80
Herbert Clark, Psychology and Language An Introduction to Psycholinguistics , p. 25
48
a. Getting Knowledge
People can get knowledge when they do communication with the
people around the world, because they can understand about a subject that
they get by experience or study, either known by one person or by people
generally. 81
The writer used Herbert Clark to answer the effect of getting
knowledge.
The following picture explains Miguel hopes become a good
musician like his grandfather.
Picture 23
Miguel: I want to be just like him.82
I look at de la Cruz.
Based on the picture above that Miguel lived in the city of music,
most of people loved music. But Miguel’s family really hated about
music. Miguel kept convinced his family, but he always failed. Miguel
was big fans Dela Cruz. Dela Cruz was the best musician in his city.
Miguel was happy when he watched his performance. Miguel was great
grandson from Dela Cruz. When he looked Dela Cruz statue in the city
Centre, He made a wish, he want to be just like him.
81
Herbert Clark, Psychology and Language An Introduction to Psycholinguistics , p. 25 82
Duration 00:06:28,570 --> 00:06:30,770
49
The following picture explains Imelda will send Miguel to land of
living for meeting his family again.
Picture 24
Imelda : Miguel, I give you my blessing.
To go home,to put up our photos
and to never...
Miguel : Never play music again.
Imelda : To never forget how much your family loves you83
.
Based on the picture above after Miguel knew about the fact of
Dela Cruz was not his grandfather, he became hated about his family,
because his family did not want him to be like Dela Cruz that murdered
his grandfather Hector, because like Dela Cruz. Dela Cruz do anything
ways for chasing his dream, such as he Murdered his best friend Hector.
He stole Hector’s guitar and Hector’s song for becoming the greatest
Musician. Finally Miguel knew about the truth his family. His family
really loved Miguel, and they did not want to Miguel becoming the
greatest Musician like Dela Cruz ways.
The following picture explains the identity from Dela Cruz
appeared. He told all everything that make him to be famous musician.
83
Duration 01:24:14,770 --> 01:24:19,720
50
Picture 25
Dela Cruz : I've worked too hard, Hector.Too hard to let
Him destroy everything.84
Based on the picture about Miguel wanted to show the real Dela
Cruz, Dela Cruz did not let Miguel destroying about his famous. Miguel
wanted to tell the world about Dela Cruz was not the greatest musician.
He wanted to tell to them that Hector was real musician. Accidently, his
grandmother takes control camera and directly show when Dela tell the
truth about he becoming greatest musician. Finally people watched all
words from Dela Cruz. They did not believe with Dela Cruz again. From
the explanation about the writer found there are three data about the
expressive speech acts for getting knowledge in Coco‟s movie.
b. Giving Command
People can receive suggestion to make their life better, it could be
for one person or a group of people to do the right things in life, it can be
happened when they have communication each other. 85
The following picture explains Miguel wanted suggestions from
musician to be a good musician.
84
Duration : 01:24:48,570 --> 01:24:50,910 85
Herbert Clark, Psychology and Language An Introduction to Psycholinguistics , p. 25
51
Picture 26
Musician: Come on, what did de la Cruz always say?
Miguel: Seize your moment?86
Musician: Show what you got muchaco.
I will be you first audience
Based on the picture above Miguel almost give up about his dream
want to be good musician like Ernesto Dela Cruz, because his family did
not let him to play any music. The big problem was family really hated
about the music itself. It was hard to Miguel for chasing his dream, for his
family music was taboo words. He told to the musician in the city center
while he was shining shoes, he told about all problems to be a good
musician. The musician gave suggestion to him, did not let all problems
could be stopping, chase the dream, you could be proven that they said
were wrong. The musician also give some motived to him, for becoming a
good musician, he must be showing his talent to many people. It was not
enough only hiding his skills, the musician successfully motived Miguel.
Miguel also remembered about the quote from Dela Cruz (seize your
moment). The quote also motived him to be better for chasing what he
was dreaming to.
The following picture explains Hector tried to stop Dela Cruz who
wanted to hurt Miguel.
86
Duration: 00:07:34,100 --> 00:07:35,950
52
Picture 27
Dela Cruz : All of you, stay back. Not one more step.
Hector : Ernesto, stop! Leave the boy alone.87
Based on the picture above Hector stopped Dela Cruz so that it
was not hurting Miguel. But Dela Cruz ignored him. He dragged Miguel
and put down from the skyscraper, he did do that because he did not want
people knew the truth his personality. But unfortunately Miguel succeeded
was save by the spirit animal. From the explanation, the writer found there
are two data about the expressive speech acts for giving command used in
Coco‟s movie.
c. Asking for Information
People could receive information from other people when they do
communication, Information is any entity or form that provides the answer
to a question of some kind or resolves uncertainty. 88
The writer used
Herbert Clark to answer the effect of asking for information.
The following picture explains Miguel wanted to inform about his
true grandfather to his family.
87
Duration 01:24:42,330 --> 01:24:46,640 88
Herbert Clark, Psychology and Language An Introduction to Psycholinguistics , p. 25
53
Picture 28
Miguel: I know who my great-great-grandfather was.89
Miguel’s Mother: Miguel, get down from there.
Miguel: Mama Coco's father was Ernesto de la Cruz!
Miguel’s Father: What are you talking about?
Miguel: I'm gonna be a musician!
Based on the picture above Miguel had known about his
grandfather from the family photo, he looked the half of photo about his
grandfather hold the white guitar. And then he immediately looked the
Dela Cruz photo had the same guitar. Miguel stated Dela Cruz was his
grandfather, he was really happy to see that. He run and will find his
family. After that he inform to his family that the greatest musician was
his grandfather.
The following photo explains Miguel wanted Mama Coco
remember again about his grandfather. Miguel inform his mama with half
of photo.
Picture 29
89
Duration: 00:16:56,490 --> 00:16:58,360
54
Miguel: Here. This was his guitar, right? He used
to play it to you? See? There he is! Papa!
Remember? Papa?90
Based on the picture above Miguel went the land of death, he felt
sad looked his grandfather Hector will gone forever. Hector told to
Miguel, he just hoped that Coco (Hector’s daughter) will remember about
him again. After that Imelda sends Miguel to land of living. Miguel ran
while he cried a lot, then he looking for Mama Coco. He wanted his
Mama Coco will remember his grandfather, if not Hector will gone
forever. Miguel played music was created by Hector “Remember me” and
the miracle came. Mama Coco also followed Miguel for singing that song.
Mama Coco really happy for hearing that song again, finally Miguel
succeeded made Mama Coco remember about her father again.
Based on the research third questions about the effect of expressive
speech acts, the writer found three effect of expressive speech acts they
are; getting knowledge, giving command, and asking for information. This
finding is matched with the theory by Herbert Clark, saying that there are
three the effect of expressive speech acts, and also similar with the finding
of another research. The writer found all effect effect of expressive speech
acts same as Ria Karmila from UIN Sultan Thaha Saifuddin Jambi. The
writer found expressive getting knowledge mostly dominant, same as Ria
Karmila also found getting knowledge mostly dominant in her research.
90
Duration 01:29:39,140 --> 01:29:41,360
55
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
This chapter consists of conclusion, summary and suggestion. The writer
concluded base on the findings and analysis and gave some suggestion to be
reader. There are two parts of conclusion, which is summary and concluding
remark.
A. Conclusion
1. There are six kinds of expressive speech act in Coco‟s movie by Darla K
Anderson. Consist of; Expressive for Thank, Expressive for Apologize,
expressive for congratulations, expressive for greeting, expressive for wishes,
and last expressive for attitudes. The types of expressive speech acts found are
Expressive for Thank as may 2 data, Expressive for Apologize 4 data,
expressive for congratulation 2 data, expressive for greeting 2 data, expressive
for wishes 2 data, and expressive for attitude 2 data. In conclusion, Expressive
for Apologize was mostly dominant used by characters in Coco‟s movie.
2. There are eight ways the use of expressive speech act in Coco‟s movie by
Darla K Anderson. Consist of; Direct and Indirect of expressive speech act.
All of them used to do communication between the characters from Coco‟s
movie. The use of expressive for direct and indirect. For direct 5 data For
Indirect for indirect 3 data. In conclusion, the expressive speech for Direct
was mostly dominant used by characters in Coco’s movie.
3. There are three effects used of expressive speech act in Coco‟s movie by Darla
K Anderson. Consist of; Getting Knowledge, giving command and asking for
the information. The effects of expressive speech acts for getting knowledge
3 data, giving command 2 data, and the last asking for information 2 data. The
effects expressive speech for getting knowledge was mostly dominant used by
characters in Coco’s movie.
56
From the summary above the writer conclude that, the writer found all
kind of expressive speech acts. Expressive apologize is mostly dominant, because
in daily activity, many people making mistakes. That way after making mistake
we have to make apologize so that the problem solved. The writer also found the
use of expressive speech act. Direct expressive speech act is mostly dominant, it
is better to do communication with other people directly. The last the writer found
the effect of expressive speech acts. Expressive speech acts for getting knowledge
is mostly dominant. From Coco‟s movie, there some good knowledge for life
such as chasing the dream. No matters how many struggles, but keep hard work
until the dream come true.
57
B. Suggestion
The writer would like to suggest to next researchers especially for student
of State Islamic University Sultan Thaha Saifuddin Jambi who want to analyze
about the expressive of speech act in Linguistics study to increase knowledge
about Linguistics specially speech act. There are many benefits for analyzing
about speech act. We can know interaction from people do communication with
each of them. We can know how the language works and how to express language
well. For student, the writer hope they can expert in linguistics field, especially
for expressive speech act, they can do good communicate about it as well. For the
researches those want to use as a next research, the writer hope can use this thesis
as well. The writer would to suggest for the next research more spirit to study a
lot about linguistics and never give up for chasing the dream. How hard the ways,
but keep prying and hard work. A difficult road often leads you to beautiful
places. The last the writer suggest to next researcher who will analyze about
expressive speech act, it better to use deep methodology and read a lot books
about expressive speech act.
REFERENCES
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was accessed on 6th March 2020
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EXPRESSIVE SPEECH ACT IN COCO’S MOVIE BY DARLA K ANDERSON
APPENDIX I
Pictures Dialog Duration
Kind of Expressive Speech Acts
Expressive for Thank
Picture 1
Picture 2
Picture 3
Miguel : Thanks. I.
Frida : Ya lo sabia! I got to
dress forty dancers by
sunrise.
Hector: Thanks to you.
short of an opening
number!
Migue:lThanks Guys
00:22:33,080>00:22:34,860
00:37:41,960>00:37:45,820
00:57:59,830>00:58:01,280
Expressive for Apologize
Picture 4
Picture 5
Picture 5
Miguel : I’m sorry
Hector : Okay, when I said
I was Fridajust now, that
was a lie. And I apologize
for doing that
Miguel: I am sorry papa
00:20:25,680>00:20:27,190
00:26:58,890>00:27:00,280
01:30:08,310>01:30:09,970
Picture 6
Expressive for Congratulation
Picture 7
Hector : This is my fault.
Not yours. I'm sorry,
Imelda
Hector: Hey! You did
good! I'm proud of you.
Hector : Okay. Hey! Ta-
da! Dead as a doorknob.
Miguel : Wow
01:18:21,470>01:18:23,620
00:53:03,680>00:53:08,870
00:35:32,420>00:35:35,000
Picture 8
Expressive for Greetings
Picture 9
Picture 10
Expressive for Wishes
Picture 11
Miguel : Hey, Mama
Coco.
Mama Coco: How are you,
Julio?
Miguel : It's you. Get in
here. Come in, Dante.
Hurry up! you're gonna
get me in trouble, boy.
Hector: I never should
have left Santa Cecilia. I
wish
I could apologize.
00:03:10,800>00:03:12,700
00:11:39,030>00:11:42,090
01:10:45,130>01:10:49,130
Picture 12
Expressive for Attitudes
Picture 13
Picture 14
Miguel : I just wanted to
see her again. I never
should have
left Santa Cecilia.
Miguel : Shame on you.
Miguel : de la Cruz, please
don't be mad.
01:10:35,880>01:10:39,380
00:08:04,970>00:08:06,770
00:09:55,080>00:09:56,950
The Used of Expressive Speech
Acts
Direct
Picture 15
Picture 16
Picture 17
Miguel: Thanks, guys!
Miguel: Hey, you said you
have front row tickets!
Hector: That... was a lie. I
apologize for that.
Dela Cruz : I am the one
who's willing to do, to
seize my moment.
Apologies, old friend.
But the show must go on.
00:57:59,830>00:58:01,280
00:36:59,650>00:37:02,850
01:25:25,780>01:25:29,530
Picture 18
Picture 19
Indirect
Picture20
Hector:Miguel!I'm
Hector.
Abuelita : What are you
doing to that poor woman?
Miguel, you apologize to
your Mama Coco.
Hector : Chamaco I'm
sorry! Come back!
00:34:28,350>00:34:29,850
01:30:17,710>01:30:20,970
00:54:20,370>00:54:24,020
Picture 21
Picture 22
The Effect of Expressive Speech
Acts
Getting Knowledge
Miguel : Pardon me! de la
Cruz! Senor de la...
Hector: I just wanted to
see her again
Miguel: I want to be just
like him. I look at de la
Cruz.
00:54:20,37>00:54:24,020
01:10:35,880>01:10:39,380
00:06:28,570>00:06:30,770
Picture 23
Picture 24
Picture 25
Giving Command
Imelda : To never forget
how much your family
loves you.
Dela Cruz : I've worked
too hard, Hector.Too hard
to let Him destroy
everything.
Miguel: Seize your
moment?
01:24:14,770>01:24:19,720
01:24:48,570>01:24:50,910
00:07:34,100>00:07:35,950
Picture 26
Picture 27
Asking for Information
Picture 28
Hector : Ernesto, stop!
Leave the boy alone.
Miguel: I know who my
great-great-grandfather
was.
Miguel: Here. This was his
guitar, right? He used to
play it to you? See? There
he is! Papa!
Remember? Papa?
01:24:42,330>01:24:46,640
00:16:56,490>00:16:58,360
01:29:39,140>01:29:41,360
Picture 29
APPENDIX II
Synopsis
On the Day of the Dead (Dia de los Muertos) Mexicans and others around the
world celebrate in ceremony, theater, and ritual the return of the dead to earth to savor
the fruits and flowers of this world. Picnics are held in cemeteries over the graves of
relatives, people dress up in costumes, and vendors sell goods in the carnival-like
atmosphere. Relatives often create trails of marigold petals from the cemeteries to
their houses to guide their ancestors home.
In the Disney-Pixar animated film Coco, twelve-year-old Miguel (voiced by
Anthony Gonzalez) lives in the village of Santa Cecilla in Mexico. His passion is
music but his family has banned it for several generations. His great-great-
grandfather chose a music career over life with the family, and the succeeding
generations have never forgiven him. Miguel has a secret place where he practices his
guitar while watching movies of his hero, the great Mexican singer/actor Ernesto de
la Cruz (Benjamin Bratt).
As the Day of the Dead approaches, there is an indescribable excitement in
the air. Everyone in the village is getting ready to honor their arriving loved ones with
decorated home altars, candles, foods and beverages, and flowers. In Miguel’s home,
pictures of three generations of ancestors are placed on the ofrenda. The top
photograph, however, is torn where the musican ancestor would have been.
Determined to compete in a music contest in the plaza, young Miguel decides
to borrow the guitar kept in Ernesto de las Cruz’s tomb. Suddenly he finds himself
transported to the land of the dead with his street dog named Dante. This place turns
out to be a large metropolis, with amazing brightly lit homes. On the bridge from
there to earth, he meets several generations of his ancestors. One of them promises to
give him the blessing he needs to return to earth, but with the condition he give up
music. Miguel decides instead that he will find de la Cruz, whom he believes might
be the missing musician from the photograph, and get his blessing instead.
During his journey, Miguel gets some help from a skeleton named Hector
(Gael Garcia Bernal), who wants the boy to take his photograph to an ofrenda so that
he can visit his relatives on earth. Unless he is remembered by them, he cannot travel
on the Day of the Dead. And eventually, he will disappear forever. Memory, Miguel
learns, is very important. 91
91
Sprituality and Practice “Synopsys Coco’s Movie”,
https://www.spiritualityandpractice.com/films/reviews/view/28537/coco was accessed on 6th march
2020
APPENDIX III
Characters in Coco’s Movie
Miguel
Miguel is a 12-year-old aspiring musician who struggles against his family's
generations-old ban on music. When a magical mishap lands him in the Land of the
Dead, Miguel seeks out his idol, Ernesto de la Cruz, to help him return to the Land of
the Living before it's too late.
Hector
Héctor is the deuteragonist of the 2017 Disney/Pixar animated feature film
Coco. He was a Mexican musician in life and became a residential spirit in the Land
of the Dead in death. Héctor helped Miguel in his quest to find the famous singer
Ernesto de la Cruz and escape the Land of the Dead. Little did they know, however,
Héctor and Miguel had a hidden connection.
Ernesto De La Cruz
Ernesto de la Cruz is the main antagonist of the 2017 Disney Pixar animated
feature film Coco. He was a famous singer and musician who dazzled audiences with
his good looks and his charm and was a source of Mexican pride. After his untimely
death, his soul resides in the Land of the Dead. Trapped in this extraordinary realm,
Miguel embarks on a quest to find Ernesto, whom he believes is his long-lost great-
great-grandfather. However, Miguel learns a very different story from his heritage
than what he expected. He was Héctor's, Miguel's true great-great-grandfather, former
best friend and music partner who had murdered Héctor so he can take the credit for
his music and be a famous musician.
Elena Rivera
Elena Rivera, though addressed as Abuelita (Spanish for "Granny"), is a
supporting character in the 2017 Disney/Pixar animated feature film, Coco. She is
Miguel's grandmother, acting as a protective parental figure to him. Even though she
and her grandson have different views of music, they nonetheless have a loving
relationship.
Imelda
melda Rivera is a major character in the 2017 Disney/Pixar animated feature
film, Coco. She is the former matriarch of the Rivera family who became a spirit in
the Land of the Dead after her death. However, she left behind a ban of music in her
family as her lasting legacy, leading her great-great-grandson Miguel Rivera to
uncover the cause of her decree.
The Family
A tightly-knit group, the Riveras are humble people who collectively run the
Rivera Family Shoemakers line. Unfortunately, they are known in their home as
being the only family who despises music in an otherwise musical town, due to a
family tiff that happened between the family's former matriarch Imelda and her
husband Héctor back in the past. Since then, the family has only grown and still
carries the taboo on music. Nowadays, Elena (currently known as Abuelita) acts as
Imelda's successor and upholds her maternal grandmother's rules, notably no music,
with passion. In the present day, Miguel learns and reveals to his family, living and
deceased, that Héctor had every intention of returning to Imelda and Coco, but was
tragically murdered on his way back by his friend Ernesto de la Cruz. With Miguel's
findings and Mama Coco's evidence, the family finally forgives Héctor, and the ban
on music is lifted. As a result, Héctor's reputation is restored, and his family
welcomes him back into the clan. Following these events, some of the Riveras start
pursuing music themselves. Their family motto was "A Rivera is A shoemaker...
through and through"92
92 Fandom, “Character Coco‟s Movie”, https://disney.fandom.com/wiki/Miguel_Rivera, was
accessed on 6th March 2020
DAFTAR RIWAYAT HIDUP
A. Informasi Diri
Nama : Imron Rosyadi
Jenis Kelamin : Laki-Laki
Tempat & Tgl. Lahir : Teluk Langkap25 Januari 1998
NIM : AI 160787
Alamat : Teluk Langkap
No. Telp/HP : 082282425272
Email : [email protected]
Nama Ayah : Zulwahidin (Alm)
Nama Ibu : Zoiyah
B. Riwayat Pendidikan
1. SDN 87 Teluk Langkap : Tahun 2007-2012
2. SMPN 01 Kota Tebo : Tahun 2012-2014
3. SMA N 3 Kota Tebo : Tahun 2014-2016
C. Pengalaman Organisasi
1. Bara Api
Moto Hidup: “Winner is a dreamer who never gives up”
Jambi, 04 Mei 2020
Penulis,
Imron Rosyadi
AI 160787
