Exploring the Internet

91.113-021Instructor: Michael Krolak

Tonight

• Roll Call

• Blog Reading

• Discussion: The History and Definition of the Internet

• Lab: Creating your home page with N|VU

The Blog of the Week:

“The possibilities of exploring the Internet in our life time let alone in one course is probably impossible. The Internet effects our lives in all different ways, some good and some bad. I compare the Internet to space; there’s no point asking about the how comes or what ifs. I don’t think the Internet will ever be regulated to protect the innocent. Its too invisible and the possibilities are endless. The evolution of the Internet is a phenomenon in itself. I feel that the better technology gets the worse we are. It almost seems that humans are becoming extinct and machines are the way of the future. Our lifestyles are evolving to be machine dependant. We could never go back to life before the computer or the Net. Laziness is a natural trait and the invention of the Internet was a dream come true.”

Judge Roberts Confirmation

“Since you've talked about the Internet, let me turn to a disturbing trend in regards to the Internet. And that has, quite frankly, to do with pornography.

We have passed several bills in Congress -- Communications Decency Act -- to protect our children. The Supreme Court struck it down. I'm not going to ask you to comment about that.

A few years later, we passed the Child Online Protection Act, again, with the intent to protect our children. Again, the court struck it down.

Unlike the traditional public square, the Internet has really become a place for the distribution of some, I find, very troubling material, and that is pornography.….Few of us would march our sons and daughter off to war to preserve the citizens' right to see, quote, 'specified sexual activities,' end of quote, exhibited in the theaters of our choice, end of quote”

- Sen. Michael DeWine (R-Ohio)

Top 10 Searches of the Week

1.Hurricane Katrina2.Poker3.Labor Day4.Britney Spears5.Pam Anderson6.NFL7.New Orleans8.Paris Hilton9.Neopets10.DragonballSource: http://50.lycos.com

What is the Internet?

“The Federal Networking Council (FNC) agrees that the following language reflects our definition of the term "Internet".

"Internet" refers to the global information system that --

(i) is logically linked together by a globally unique address space based on the Internet Protocol (IP) or its subsequent extensions/follow-ons;

(ii) is able to support communications using the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) suite or its subsequent extensions/follow-ons, and/or other IP-compatible protocols; and

(iii) provides, uses or makes accessible, either publicly or privately, high level services layered on the communications and related infrastructure described herein."

First there was the idea . . .

Vannevar Bush outlines the idea of hypermedia in The Atlantic Monthly in July 1945 in “As We May Think”. He describes a futuristic machine called the Memex.

Source: http://folk.uio.no/arneal/Oblig2/MemexTitle.gif

ENIAC- World’s First General Purpose Programmable Computer

In the beginning . . . (Oct. 4, 1957)

… there was Sputnik, and President Dwight D. Eisenhower said, “This is bad.” And so he founded ARPA, the Advanced Research Projects Agency.

Source: NASA/JPL

What is ARPA?

Created "for the direction or performance of such advanced projects in the field of research and development as the Secretary of Defense shall, from time to time, designate by individual project or by category."

Source: http://www.darpa.mil/body/arpa_darpa.html

The Visionary of the Internet

In August 1962, J.C.R. Licklider, a VP at BBN, describes the idea of a “Galactic Network”. He envisioned a globally interconnected set of computers through which everyone could quickly access data and programs from any site.

A Vision of HyperText and HyperLinks

• In 1965, Ted Nelson gave a presentation titled "A File Structure for the Complex, the Changing, and the Indeterminate." Nelson described to the scientific community his interconnected "docuverse“, an idea similar to Licklider’s Gallactic Network.

• Nelson coined the term "hypertext“ and “hyperlink”

What is HyperText?

hypertext

n.

1. The organization of information units into connected associations that a user can choose to make. An instance of such an association is called a link or hypertext link or a hyperlink.

Source: http://www.indrum.com/planet/glossary.htm

What is ARPANET?

• August 30, 1969 –ARPANET, the first Wide Area Network, is introduced. The first manifestation of ARPANET connected four universities.

• Implements TCP/IP and packet switching

Source: http://schools.keldysh.ru/sch444/MUSEUM/PICTURE/ARPANET.JPG

Networked Email

• Ray Tomlinson sent the first network email in 1971 using a program called SNDMSG

Source: http://openmap.bbn.com/%7Etomlinso/ray/ka10.html

CSNET

• 1980, NSF funds the development of a network for universities not doing research for DARPA (previously known as ARPA)

• Estimated one day to build• Limited to computer science

departments because commercial interests were deemed impractical.

• Connected ARPANET and CSNET

• 56 Kbps networkDr. Lawrence Landweber

USENET

• Started in 1979 as a “poor man’s ARPANET” at Duke University.

• Postings to USENET are called articles. Postings are categorized into newsgroups.

MILNET

• Started between 1983 and 1984, it separated the Military part of ARPANET from the academics.

• Only carried unclassified information

• Still exists today

FIDONET

FidoNet was invented in 1984 by Tom Jennings to move messages to Bulletin Board Services (BBS). The entire system was done through telephone calls during the National Mail Hour. It was organized entirely by private citizens.

Along Came the World Wide Web

• Sir Tim Berners-Lee, a physicist at CERN, developed the first web browser, WorldWideWeb. He later renamed the browser Nexus.

• Author of the first website: http://nxoc01.cern.ch/hypertext/WWW/TheProject.html

• Alternative names he considered naming the Web– Mine of Information (MOI)– The Information Mine (TIM)– Information Mesh

The First Popular Browser: Mosaic

And along came Netscape . . .

• In 1993, Marc Andreessen was making $6.85 an hour working at the University of Illinois at Urbana Champlain.

• By the end of 1995, he was worth over $170 million

Source: http://www.usatoday.com/tech/news/2003-03-09-internet_x.htm

Never to be outdone

• In 1975, Bill Gates drops out of Harvard University and starts Microsoft.

• Nov. 16, 1995, Goldman, Sachs & Co. removed Microsoft's stock from its “recommended for purchase” list.

• Turns Microsoft around and becomes wealthiest man in the world.

Open Source Goes Mainstream

• Linus Torvalds, a Finnish college student, creates Linux, an open source version of UNIX in 1991.

• Soon a worldwide network of programmers began developing features and using Linux.

• Linux, a free Operating System, rivals Microsoft in Web Servers.

• In June 2002, Steve Balmer of Microsoft states, "Linux is a cancer that attaches itself in an intellectual property sense to everything it touches."

The Meow Wars on USENET

"I suggest that we start either posting or crossposting to alt.tv.beavis-n-butthead. I also suggest that we use big words and perfect grammar, and refuse to write as the young ruffians in question speak. This could lead to some interesting 'dialogue.' “

-Matt Bruce

Source: http://madfishwillies.mu.nu/archives/016097.html

Yahoo!

“The two founders of Yahoo!, David Filo and Jerry Yang, Ph.D. candidates in Electrical Engineering at Stanford University, started their guide in a campus trailer in February 1994 as a way to keep track of their personal interests on the Internet. Before long they were spending more time on their home-brewed lists of favorite links than on their doctoral dissertations. Eventually, Jerry and David's lists became too long and unwieldy, and they broke them out into categories. When the categories became too full, they developed subcategories ... and the core concept behind Yahoo! was born.

The Web site started out as "Jerry and David's Guide to the World Wide Web" but eventually received a new moniker with the help of a dictionary. The name Yahoo! is an acronym for "Yet Another Hierarchical Officious Oracle“

Source: http://docs.yahoo.com/info/misc/history.html

Amazon.com

• Jeff Bezos, a former hedge fund manager and Vice President for Bankers Trust Company, founds Amazon.com in his garage in 1995.

• After a thorough analysis of the mail order industry, Bezos discovered that there did not exist a dominant mail order catalogue for books.

• By 1997, the market capitalization of Amazon.com was worth more than the two largest competitors, Barnes and Nobles and Border’s Books, combined.

Source: http://www.webplanet.ru/upimg/1076.jpg

Dotcom Boom

• Investors dumped $30 billion into dot-com startups in 2000

• One million new web pages a day

• Founders who were bought out early made fortunes overnight.

• Advent of day traders

Napster

In 1999, Shawn Fanning, an 18-year-old Northeastern University dropout worked for days without sleep in his uncle's office creating Napster

Source: http://www.time.com/time/poy2000/pwm/fanning.html

Dotcom Bust

• March 10th, 2000• Two years later the tech heavy NASDAQ index was

almost less than one fifth of its price.

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:NASDAQ_IXIC_-_dot-com_bubble_small.png

Bert is Evil

• In the aftermath of 9/11, bertisevil.com gets strange form of advertising : an Osama bin Laden rally.

Apple Strikes Back

• Steve Jobs releases iTunes for the Mac and Windows.

• The majority of Apple profits begin coming from iTunes.

• iTunes recently released as part of a cell phone.

FireFox Released

• A free, cross-platform, open-source, graphical web browser developed by the Mozilla Foundation released in November 9, 2004

• No Spyware reported.

Take-Aways

• Hypermedia• Packet Switching• HTTP• World Wide Web• Wide Area Network

(WAN)• Local Area Network (LAN)• Browser Wars• Peer to Peer Software

• Meow Wars• USENET• Newsgroup• Email• Dotcoms

References

Bush, Vannevar “The Atlantic Monthly” July 1945 “As We May Think” republished at http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/~jod/texts/vannevar.bush.html

http://www.businessweek.com/1996/29/b34842.htm

What is N|VU?

nvu (pronounced N-view)

1. A complete Web Authoring System that combines web file management and easy-to-use WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get) web page editing.  Nvu is designed to be extremely easy to use, making it ideal for non-technical computer users who want to create an attractive, professional-looking web site without needing to know HTML or web coding.

Downloading N|VU

• Instructions for downloading N|VU are located at the class’ blog: http://ExploringTheInternet.BlogSpot.com

• Or you can just go to: http://cvs.nvu.com/download/nvu-1.0-win32-installer-full.exe

Opening your web page on N|VU

Enter the location of your web page

Opening your Publishing Settings

Site Settings

Remember: Your username is your first initial and last name and 113. So JohnSmith would have a http address of http://ceweb.uml.edu/jsmith113 , a ftp site of ftp://ceweb.uml.edu and a username of jsmith113