Exploration & Colonization of North Exploration & Colonization of North AmericaAmerica

I. Exploration I. Exploration

a.a. Early explorers came to the New Early explorers came to the New World looking forWorld looking for

1.1. GoldGold

2.2. GloryGlory

3.3. GodGod

b. The top 3 countries at b. The top 3 countries at this time were:this time were:

1.1.SpainSpain

2.2.FranceFrance

3.3.EnglandEngland

II. SpainII. SpainA.A.The Spainish set up encomiendas The Spainish set up encomiendas

(large plantations) on which native (large plantations) on which native peoples worked. peoples worked.

B.B.Disease and overwork reduced the Disease and overwork reduced the native population and African native population and African slaves were brought to slaves were brought to work mines and work mines and plantations. plantations.

C.C.Spain was first by founding Spain was first by founding San San Miguel de GualdapeMiguel de Gualdape (near present- (near present-day Georgetown)day Georgetown)1.1. Had some slavesHad some slaves

2.2. Cold weather & disease led Cold weather & disease led to abandonment to abandonment

D.D.Tried again and founded Tried again and founded San FelipeSan Felipe 1.1. Attacks from NAs forced Attacks from NAs forced

them to go back to them to go back to St Augustine, FL St Augustine, FL

III. French ColonizationIII. French ColonizationA.A. French explorers claimed the French explorers claimed the

Northwest passage and started Northwest passage and started Montreal and Quebec.Montreal and Quebec.

B.B. French traders established good French traders established good relations with natives due to trade in relations with natives due to trade in furs.furs.

C.C. The French The French founded the founded the settlement of settlement of CharlesfortCharlesfort

1.1. Near present-day Near present-day BeaufortBeaufort

2.2. Abandoned it Abandoned it soon aftersoon after

IV. English ColonizationIV. English ColonizationA.A. English settlers established permanent English settlers established permanent

settlements along the eastern coast settlements along the eastern coast named Virginia and New England.named Virginia and New England.

1.1. The first permanent settlement in South The first permanent settlement in South Carolina by the English was Charlestown. Carolina by the English was Charlestown.

B.B. The English brought their The English brought their language, Protestant religion, language, Protestant religion, and self-government to and self-government to the New World.the New World.

V. JamestownV. JamestownA.A. Jamestown was the 1Jamestown was the 1stst

permanent English colony in permanent English colony in the New World in 1607 the New World in 1607 established by the London established by the London Company.Company.

1.1. Many years of starvation Many years of starvation and death until the and death until the cultivation of tobacco.cultivation of tobacco.

B.B. The House of Burgesses was The House of Burgesses was created in 1619 so settlers created in 1619 so settlers could help govern the could help govern the colony.colony.

D.D.The headright system brought many The headright system brought many settlers and created:settlers and created:

1.1. Large tobacco plantations.Large tobacco plantations.

2.2. More indentured servants & then African More indentured servants & then African slaves.slaves.

3.3. Conflict with the natives.Conflict with the natives.

E.E. Jamestown grew into Jamestown grew into the colony of Virginia. the colony of Virginia.

1.1. Jamestown also Jamestown also established a pattern established a pattern for other southern for other southern colonies. colonies.

““So lamentable was our scarcity that we So lamentable was our scarcity that we were constrained to eat dogs, cats, rats, were constrained to eat dogs, cats, rats, snakes, toadstools, horsehides, and what snakes, toadstools, horsehides, and what not. One man out of the misery he not. One man out of the misery he endured, killing his wife, powdered her up endured, killing his wife, powdered her up to eat her, for which he was burned. Many to eat her, for which he was burned. Many besides fed on the corpses of dead men, besides fed on the corpses of dead men, and one who had gotten insatiable out of and one who had gotten insatiable out of custom to that food could not be restrained custom to that food could not be restrained until such time as he was executed for it.”until such time as he was executed for it.”

Journals of the Virginia House of Burgesses, 1624, Journals of the Virginia House of Burgesses, 1624, on life in Virginia during the Starving Timeson life in Virginia during the Starving Times

VI. New England ColoniesVI. New England ColoniesA.A. These colonies were These colonies were

Massachusetts, New Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Hampshire, Connecticut, & Connecticut, & Rhode Island.Rhode Island.

B.B. They were started They were started to have religious to have religious freedom.freedom.

C.C. Puritans, known as Puritans, known as the Pilgrims, landed the Pilgrims, landed at Plymouth in at Plymouth in 1620.1620.

D.D.Pilgrims signed the Mayflower Pilgrims signed the Mayflower Compact.Compact.

1.1. A document that stated that the people A document that stated that the people can form the government.can form the government.

E.E. They harvested lumber, built ships, and They harvested lumber, built ships, and trading.trading.

F.F. They started schools so kids could learn They started schools so kids could learn to read the Bible.to read the Bible.

G.G. They established religious conformity.They established religious conformity.

1.1. Dissenters (those who disagreed with Dissenters (those who disagreed with the Church) were the Church) were exiled and exiled and started started other other colonies.colonies.

VII. Middle ColoniesVII. Middle ColoniesA.A.New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey,

Delaware, & Maryland.Delaware, & Maryland.1.1. Dutch - New YorkDutch - New York

2.2. Swedish - DelawareSwedish - Delaware

3.3. English Quaker - PennsylvaniaEnglish Quaker - Pennsylvania

B.B. It was founded to make It was founded to make money & used its harbors money & used its harbors and fertile and fertile land.land.

VIII. Southern ColoniesVIII. Southern ColoniesA.A.Virginia, North Carolina, South Virginia, North Carolina, South

Carolina, and GeorgiaCarolina, and Georgia

B.B.Rich, fertile land and long growing Rich, fertile land and long growing seasonseason

C.C.Large cash Large cash crop plantations crop plantations with slave labor with slave labor