Explanation-based Learning and New Ideas About AI

Yin Wang, Shiliang Sun, Naveed

Prolog-EBG---Evaluation

Prolog-EBG can be viewed as an enhanced version of Find-SBoth consider only positive examplesEvery hypothesis in Find-S can be

expressed by a conjunction of clauses in Prolog-EBG

Analog

Find-S : Candidate-Elimination

= Prolog-EBG : ?

generalize ?Version Space

How can the negative examples

be useful ?

Knowledge-level Learning

IF ((PlayTennis = Yes) (Humidity = x)) THEN ((PlayTennis = Yes) (Humidity <= x ))

Example: (Humidity = .30 and PlayTennis = Yes)

New hypothesis: (PlayTennis = Yes) (Humidity <= 0.30 )

Input of example into domain theory by means of Abstraction (Here the variable is x)

What type of logic is this clause?

Alternative Preimage Structures

The space of preimage will become large for some problems

The need for fast rule-matching algorithms and new representations

Can the rules be represented as a hierachical structure which goes down only into certain level footimage ?

SafeToStack(x,y) Volume(x) * Density(x) < 5 and Type(y, Endtable)Too specific ?Is SafeToStack(x,y) Weight(x) < Weight(y) enough ? (We have a balance?)Restrict the reasoning in a reasonable level. Don’t go too much into details !

ExampleHow should the

rules be structured for matching ?

Evaluation of The Second Paper

Can be useful for understanding human intelligence

Maybe useful for AI in the future

GOD is a far better engineer than us

Can mechanical things have intelligence? Philosophy or religion ?

Symbol vs. Concept

Symbol is NOT Concept

Concept involves more than symbols Sporadic memory of sensory signals (How to

represent them ?) Personal history of the concept ( non-intentional

memory? People remember much more than symbols ! )

Without feelings and non-intentional memory, there will be no true intelligence

Intuition ?

Muscle Memory

Memory in the motor system is not restricted in the brainMotor system of the machine should have something like the muscle memory, rather than all computed by the CPUDancingMartial-arts…

The Right-side Brain

How can a machine imitate the parallel processing of the right side brain ?

Need a restructurable processor ?

Emotional Thinking

All previous models are based on rational thinkingTrue living human have more I Think I Feel I Desire

Let the learning process be desire-driven !

How can a machine have desire ?

What is desire ?

Give the Machine the

desire for truth?

More Mental Abilities

Sympathy

Imagination

Creativity