Expl Sw Chapter 02 Switches Part I, Expl Sw Chapter 02 Switches Part I

7/26/2019 Expl Sw Chapter 02 Switches Part I, Expl Sw Chapter 02 Switches Part I

1/77

CCNA3-1 Chapter 2-1

Chapter 2Chapter 2

Switch Concepts andSwitch Concepts and

ConfigurationConfiguration

Part IPart I


2/77

CCNA3-2 Chapter 2-1

Switch Concepts and ConfigurationSwitch Concepts and Configuration

Key Eleents ofKey Eleents of

Ethernet!"#2$3 %ANsEthernet!"#2$3 %ANs


3/77

CCNA3-3 Chapter 2-1

CS&A!C'CS&A!C'


4/77

CCNA3-( Chapter 2-1

Ethernet CounicationsEthernet Counications


5/77

CCNA3-) Chapter 2-1


Ethernet *rae+Ethernet *rae+ &iniu ,( ytes. &a/iu 1)1" ytes&iniu ,( ytes. &a/iu 1)1" ytes

Preale!S0*'+Preale!S0*'+ Synchronie to ediu$Synchronie to ediu$

'estination Address+'estination Address+ &AC Address of destination deice$&AC Address of destination deice$

Source Address+Source Address+

&AC address of source deice$&AC address of source deice$

%ength!ype+%ength!ype+ %ength of frae or protocol type code$%ength of frae or protocol type code$

'ata+'ata+ Encapsulated data fro 0SI %ayers 4 to 3$Encapsulated data fro 0SI %ayers 4 to 3$

*CS+*CS+ *rae Chec5 Se6uence$*rae Chec5 Se6uence$


6/77

CCNA3-, Chapter 2-1


&AC Address+&AC Address+ 12 he/adecial digits12 he/adecial digits

7roadcast+7roadcast+ Indicates a roadcast or ulticast frae$Indicates a roadcast or ulticast frae$

%ocal+%ocal+ indicates whether the address can e odified locally$indicates whether the address can e odified locally$

08I Nuer+08I Nuer+

&anufacturer of the NIC$&anufacturer of the NIC$

9endor Nuer+9endor Nuer+ 8ni6ue. endor assigned nuer$8ni6ue. endor assigned nuer$


7/77CCNA3-4 Chapter 2-1



8/77CCNA3-" Chapter 2-1


Switch Port Settings+Switch Port Settings+: A80+A80+

: Auto-negotiation of duple/ ode$ he two portsAuto-negotiation of duple/ ode$ he two ports

counicate to deterine the est ode$counicate to deterine the est ode$

: 'efault for *astEthernet and 1#!1##!1### ports$'efault for *astEthernet and 1#!1##!1### ports$: *8%%+*8%%+

: *ull-duple/ ode$*ull-duple/ ode$

: 'efault for 1##7ASE-*; ports$'efault for 1##7ASE-*; ports$

:


9/77CCNA3-= Chapter 2-1


Switch Port Settings+Switch Port Settings+: A80+A80+

: Auto-negotiation of duple/ ode$ he two portsAuto-negotiation of duple/ ode$ he two ports

counicate to deterine the est ode$counicate to deterine the est ode$

: Auto-negotiation can produce unpredictable results.Auto-negotiation can produce unpredictable results.: If auto-negotiation failsIf auto-negotiation fails ecause the attached deiceecause the attached deice

does not support it. the Catalyst switch defaults thedoes not support it. the Catalyst switch defaults the

switch port toswitch port to half-duple/ odehalf-duple/ ode$$

:


10/77CCNA3-1# Chapter 2-1


Switch Port Settings+Switch Port Settings+: Auto-&'I; feature+Auto-&'I; feature+

: In the past. either a cross-oer or a straight-throughIn the past. either a cross-oer or a straight-through

cale was re6uired depending on the type of deicecale was re6uired depending on the type of deice

that was eing connected to the switch$that was eing connected to the switch$: Instead. the di/ auto interface configurationInstead. the di/ auto interface configuration

coand enales thecoand enales the autoatic ediu-dependentautoatic ediu-dependent

interface crossoer >auto-&'I;?interface crossoer >auto-&'I;?feature$feature$

: @ith this feature enaled. the switch detects the@ith this feature enaled. the switch detects theinterface re6uired for copper edia and configures theinterface re6uired for copper edia and configures the

interface accordingly$interface accordingly$

Configuration coands later in the chapter$Configuration coands later in the chapter$Configuration coands later in the chapter$Configuration coands later in the chapter$



Switch &AC Address aleSwitch &AC Address ale

Switches use MAC addresses to direct network traffic to theSwitches use MAC addresses to direct network traffic to theappropriate port.appropriate port.

: A switch uilds a &AC address tale y learning the &ACA switch uilds a &AC address tale y learning the &AC

addresses of each deice connected to each of its ports$addresses of each deice connected to each of its ports$

: 0nce the &AC address has een added to the tale. the0nce the &AC address has een added to the tale. theswitch uses the tale entry to forward traffic to that node$switch uses the tale entry to forward traffic to that node$

: If a destination address is not in the tale. the switchIf a destination address is not in the tale. the switch

forwards the frae out all ports e/cept the receiing port$forwards the frae out all ports e/cept the receiing port$

: @hen the destination responds. the &AC address is@hen the destination responds. the &AC address isadded to the tale$added to the tale$

: If the port is connected to another switch or a hu.If the port is connected to another switch or a hu.

ultiple &AC addresses will e recorded in the tale$ultiple &AC addresses will e recorded in the tale$




E/aple Step 1+E/aple Step 1+: he switch receies a roadcast frae fro PC 1he switch receies a roadcast frae fro PC 1

on Port 1$on Port 1$




E/aple Step 2+E/aple Step 2+: he switch enters thehe switch enters the source &AC addresssource &AC addressand theand the

switch port that receied the fraeswitch port that receied the fraeinto the address tale$into the address tale$


14/77CCNA3-1( Chapter 2-1

E/aple Step 3+E/aple Step 3+: 7ecause the destination address is a roadcast. the7ecause the destination address is a roadcast. the

switchswitch floodsfloodsthe frae to all ports.the frae to all ports. e/cept the port one/cept the port onwhich it receied the fraewhich it receied the frae$$



15/77CCNA3-1) Chapter 2-1

E/aple Step (+E/aple Step (+: he destination deice replies to the roadcast with ahe destination deice replies to the roadcast with a

unicast frae addressed to PC 1unicast frae addressed to PC 1$$



16/77

CCNA3-1, Chapter 2-1

E/aple Step )+E/aple Step )+: he switch enters the source &AC address of PC 2 andhe switch enters the source &AC address of PC 2 and

the port nuer of the switch port that receied the fraethe port nuer of the switch port that receied the fraeinto the address tale$into the address tale$



17/77

CCNA3-14 Chapter 2-1

E/aple Step ,+E/aple Step ,+: he switch can now forward fraes etween source andhe switch can now forward fraes etween source and

destination deices ecause it has entries in the addressdestination deices ecause it has entries in the addresstale that identify the associated ports$tale that identify the associated ports$



18/77

CCNA3-1" Chapter 2-1

'esign Considerations Ethernet!"#2$3'esign Considerations Ethernet!"#2$3

7andwidth and hroughput+7andwidth and hroughput+: AA aBor disadantageaBor disadantageof Ethernet is collisions$of Ethernet is collisions$

: @hen two hosts transit fraes siultaneously. the@hen two hosts transit fraes siultaneously. the

collision results in the transitted fraes eingcollision results in the transitted fraes eingcorrupted or destroyed$corrupted or destroyed$

: he sending hosts stop sending ased on thehe sending hosts stop sending ased on the

Ethernet "#2$3 rules of CS&A!C'$Ethernet "#2$3 rules of CS&A!C'$

: It is important to understand that when stating theIt is important to understand that when stating thebandwidth of the Ethernet network is 10 Mbs! fullbandwidth of the Ethernet network is 10 Mbs! full

bandwidth for transmission is a"ailablebandwidth for transmission is a"ailable onl# after an#onl# after an#

collisions ha"e been resol"edcollisions ha"e been resol"ed..


19/77

CCNA3-1= Chapter 2-1


7andwidth and hroughput+7andwidth and hroughput+: AA aBor disadantageaBor disadantageof Ethernet is collisions$of Ethernet is collisions$

: A hu offers no echanissA hu offers no echanissto either eliinate orto either eliinate or

reduce collisions and the aailale andwidth that anyreduce collisions and the aailale andwidth that anyone node has to transit is correspondingly reduced$one node has to transit is correspondingly reduced$

: As a result. theAs a result. the nuer of nodesnuer of nodessharing the Ethernetsharing the Ethernet

networ5 will haenetwor5 will hae effect on the throughputeffect on the throughput$$


20/77

CCNA3-2# Chapter 2-1


Collision 'oains+Collision 'oains+: o reduce the nuer of nodes on a gien networ5o reduce the nuer of nodes on a gien networ5

segent. you can create separate physical networ5segent. you can create separate physical networ5

segents calledsegents called collision doainscollision doains$$

: $he network area where frames originate and collide$he network area where frames originate and collideis called the collision domainis called the collision domain$$

: All shared edia enironents. such as thoseAll shared edia enironents. such as those

created y usingcreated y using hushusare collision doains$are collision doains$

: @hen a@hen a host is connected to a switch porthost is connected to a switch port . the. theswitch creates a dedicated connection$ hisswitch creates a dedicated connection$ his

connection is anconnection is an indiidual collision doainindiidual collision doain$$


21/77



&icrosegent+&icrosegent+: @hen two connected hosts want@hen two connected hosts want

to counicate with each other.to counicate with each other.

the switch uses the switchingthe switch uses the switching

tale totale to estalish a connectionestalish a connectionetween the ports$etween the ports$

: he circuit is aintained until the session is terinated$he circuit is aintained until the session is terinated$

: he icrosegent ehaes as if the networ5 has onlyhe icrosegent ehaes as if the networ5 has only

two hosts.two hosts. proiding a/iu aailale andwidthproiding a/iu aailale andwidthtotooth hosts$oth hosts$

: SwitchesSwitches reduce collisions and impro"e bandwidthreduce collisions and impro"e bandwidthuse onuse on

network segments because the# pro"idenetwork segments because the# pro"ide dedicateddedicated

bandwidth to each network segmentbandwidth to each network segment..


22/77



7roadcast 'oains+7roadcast 'oains+: Although switches filter ost fraes ased on &ACAlthough switches filter ost fraes ased on &AC

addresses.addresses. they do not filter roadcast fraesthey do not filter roadcast fraes$$

: @hy@hy

: 7ecause a switch runs at %ayer 2 and cannot learn7ecause a switch runs at %ayer 2 and cannot learnthe &AC addressthe &AC address ************************$$

: A collection of interconnected switches fors a roadcastA collection of interconnected switches fors a roadcast

doain$doain$

: 0nly %ayer 3 deices or a 9%AN for separate roadcast0nly %ayer 3 deices or a 9%AN for separate roadcastdoains$doains$

InterconnectingInterconnecting

switches e/tends theswitches e/tends the

roadcast doain$roadcast doain$

InterconnectingInterconnecting

switches e/tends theswitches e/tends the

roadcast doain$roadcast doain$


23/77



Networ5 %atency+Networ5 %atency+: %atency is the tie a frae or a pac5et ta5es to trael%atency is the tie a frae or a pac5et ta5es to trael

fro the source to the final destination$fro the source to the final destination$


24/77

CCNA3-2( Chapter 2-1


Networ5 Congestion+Networ5 Congestion+: hehe priary reason for segenting a %ANpriary reason for segenting a %ANinto sallerinto saller

parts is to isolate traffic and to achiee etter use ofparts is to isolate traffic and to achiee etter use of

andwidth per user$andwidth per user$

: @ithout segentation. a %AN 6uic5ly ecoes clogged@ithout segentation. a %AN 6uic5ly ecoes cloggedwith traffic and collisions$with traffic and collisions$

: &ost coon causes+&ost coon causes+

: Increasingly powerful coputer and networ5Increasingly powerful coputer and networ5

technologies$technologies$: Increasing olue of networ5 traffic$Increasing olue of networ5 traffic$

:


25/77

CCNA3-2) Chapter 2-1


%AN Segentation+%AN Segentation+: %ANs are segented into a nuer of saller collision%ANs are segented into a nuer of saller collision

andandroadcast doainsroadcast doainsusing routers and switches$using routers and switches$


26/77


%AN Segentation+%AN Segentation+: %ANs are segented into a nuer of%ANs are segented into a nuer of saller collisionsaller collision

and roadcast doains using routers and switches$and roadcast doains using routers and switches$



27/77


7roadcast 'oain7roadcast 'oain




SwitchSwitchSwitchSwitch

CollisionCollision

'oains'oains


28/77


7roadcast7roadcast

'oains'oains




DouterDouterDouterDouter

CollisionCollision

'oains'oains


29/77






30/77


here arehere are two priary considerationstwo priary considerationswhen designing a %AN+when designing a %AN+: Controlling networ5 latencyControlling networ5 latency

: Deoing ottlenec5sDeoing ottlenec5s

%AN 'esign Considerations%AN 'esign Considerations


31/77


Controlling Networ5 %atency+Controlling Networ5 %atency+: Consider the latency caused y each deice on theConsider the latency caused y each deice on the

networ5$networ5$

: SwitchesSwitchesat %ayer 2 can introduce latency on aat %ayer 2 can introduce latency on a

networ5 when oersuscried on a usy networ5$networ5 when oersuscried on a usy networ5$

: If a core leel switch has to support (" ports. eachIf a core leel switch has to support (" ports. each

one capale of running at 1### &!s full duple/.one capale of running at 1### &!s full duple/.the switch should support around =, !s internalthe switch should support around =, !s internal

throughput if it is to aintain full wire speed acrossthroughput if it is to aintain full wire speed across

all ports siultaneously$all ports siultaneously$



32/77


Controlling Networ5 %atency+Controlling Networ5 %atency+: Consider the latency caused y each deice on theConsider the latency caused y each deice on the

networ5$networ5$

: he use of higher layer deices can also increasehe use of higher layer deices can also increase

latency on a networ5$latency on a networ5$

: @hen a %ayer 3 deice. such as a router. needs to@hen a %ayer 3 deice. such as a router. needs to

e/aine the %ayer 3 addressing inforatione/aine the %ayer 3 addressing inforationcontained within the frae. it ust read further intocontained within the frae. it ust read further into

the frae than a %ayer 2 deice. which creates athe frae than a %ayer 2 deice. which creates a

longer processing tie$longer processing tie$



33/77


Deoing Networ5 7ottlenec5s+Deoing Networ5 7ottlenec5s+: Each wor5station and the serer are connected atEach wor5station and the serer are connected at

1###&ps$1###&ps$


If all wor5stationsIf all wor5stationsaccess the serer ataccess the serer at

the sae tie$the sae tie$

If all wor5stationsIf all wor5stationsaccess the serer ataccess the serer at

the sae tie$the sae tie$

Add ( additionalAdd ( additional1###&ps NICs to1###&ps NICs to

the serer$the serer$

Add ( additionalAdd ( additional1###&ps NICs to1###&ps NICs to

the serer$the serer$


34/77



*orwarding *raes*orwarding *raes8sing a Switch8sing a Switch

Store-and-forwardStore-and-forwardStore-and-forwardStore-and-forward

Cut-throughCut-throughCut-throughCut-through

*ast-forward*ast-forward*ast-forward*ast-forward

*ragent-free*ragent-free*ragent-free*ragent-free

SyetricSyetricSyetricSyetric

AsyetricAsyetricAsyetricAsyetric

&eory 7uffering&eory 7uffering&eory 7uffering&eory 7uffering

%ayer 2 and %ayer 3 Switching%ayer 2 and %ayer 3 Switching%ayer 2 and %ayer 3 Switching%ayer 2 and %ayer 3 Switching


35/77


&ethods switches use to forward Ethernet fraes$&ethods switches use to forward Ethernet fraes$: Store-and-forward$Store-and-forward$

: Cut-through+Cut-through+

: *ast-forward switching$*ast-forward switching$

: *ragent-free switching$*ragent-free switching$

Switch *orwarding &ethodsSwitch *orwarding &ethods


36/77


Store-and forward+Store-and forward+: Deceies the entire frae$Deceies the entire frae$

: Coputes the CDC and chec5s the frae length$Coputes the CDC and chec5s the frae length$

: If alid. chec5s the switch tale for the destinationIf alid. chec5s the switch tale for the destination

address and forwards the frae$address and forwards the frae$: If inalid. the frae is dropped$If inalid. the frae is dropped$


'estination Source 'ata *CS

123896745

=

123896745

CDCCDCFrameis

Good

Destinationfound in

Swit!in"

#a$%e


37/77


Store-and forward+Store-and forward+: Deceies the entire frae$Deceies the entire frae$

: Coputes the CDC and chec5s the frae length$Coputes the CDC and chec5s the frae length$

: If alid. chec5s the switch tale for the destinationIf alid. chec5s the switch tale for the destination

address and forwards the frae$address and forwards the frae$: If inalid. the frae is dropped$If inalid. the frae is dropped$

: Store-and forward is the onl# method used on currentStore-and forward is the onl# method used on current

Cisco Catal#st switches.Cisco Catal#st switches.

: Needed for FoS on conerged networ5s$Needed for FoS on conerged networ5s$



38/77


Cut-through+Cut-through+: *orwards a frae efore it is entirely receied$*orwards a frae efore it is entirely receied$

: At a iniu. it ust read the destination and sourceAt a iniu. it ust read the destination and source

&AC addresses$&AC addresses$

: *aster than store-and-forward$*aster than store-and-forward$: No error chec5ing$No error chec5ing$

: An# corrupt frames are still forwarded and consumeAn# corrupt frames are still forwarded and consume

network bandwidth.network bandwidth.



39/77


Cut-through *ast-forward+Cut-through *ast-forward+: ypical ethod of cut-through$ypical ethod of cut-through$

: *orwards a frae iediately after it reads and finds the*orwards a frae iediately after it reads and finds the

destination address$destination address$

Cut-through *ragent-free+Cut-through *ragent-free+

: Stores the first ,( ytes of the frae efore forwarding$Stores the first ,( ytes of the frae efore forwarding$

: he first ,( ytes of the frae is where ost networ5he first ,( ytes of the frae is where ost networ5

errors and collisions occur$errors and collisions occur$

: Chec5s for a collision efore forwarding the frae$Chec5s for a collision efore forwarding the frae$ Soe switches are configured to use cut-through on eachSoe switches are configured to use cut-through on each

port until a user defined error threshold is reached$ At thatport until a user defined error threshold is reached$ At that

tie. they change to store-and forward$tie. they change to store-and forward$



40/77

CCNA3-(# Chapter 2-1

Syetric+Syetric+: All ports are of the sae andwidth$All ports are of the sae andwidth$

: 0ptiied for a reasonaly distriuted traffic load$0ptiied for a reasonaly distriuted traffic load$

: *or e/aple. a peer-to-peer networ5$*or e/aple. a peer-to-peer networ5$

Syetric and Asyetric SwitchingSyetric and Asyetric Switching


41/77

CCNA3-(1 Chapter 2-1

Asyetric+Asyetric+: Proides switched connections etween portsProides switched connections etween ports

of unli5e andwidth$of unli5e andwidth$

: *or e/aple. ore andwidth can e assigned to a*or e/aple. ore andwidth can e assigned to a

serer to preent ottlenec5s$serer to preent ottlenec5s$

Syetric and Asyetric SwitchingSyetric and Asyetric Switching


42/77


A switch analyes soe or all of a pac5et efore it forwards itA switch analyes soe or all of a pac5et efore it forwards itto the destination host ased on the forwarding ethod$to the destination host ased on the forwarding ethod$

It stores the pac5et for the rief tie in aIt stores the pac5et for the rief tie in aeory uffereory uffer$$

7uilt into the hardware7uilt into the hardware

: wo types+wo types+: Port ased$Port ased$

: Shared$Shared$

&eory 7uffering&eory 7uffering


43/77


Port 7ased+Port 7ased+: *raes are stored in 6ueues that are lin5ed to specific*raes are stored in 6ueues that are lin5ed to specific

incoing and outgoing ports$incoing and outgoing ports$

: A frae is transitted to the outgoing portA frae is transitted to the outgoing port only when allonly when all

the fraes ahead of itthe fraes ahead of itin the 6ueue hae eenin the 6ueue hae eensuccessfully transitted$successfully transitted$

: It is possile for a single frae to delay the transissionIt is possile for a single frae to delay the transission

of all the fraes in eory ecause of a usyof all the fraes in eory ecause of a usy

destination port$destination port$



44/77

CCNA3-(( Chapter 2-1

Shared+Shared+: 'eposits all fraes into a coon eory uffer that all'eposits all fraes into a coon eory uffer that all

the ports on the switch share$the ports on the switch share$

: he aount of uffer eory re6uired y a port ishe aount of uffer eory re6uired y a port is

dynaically allocated$dynaically allocated$: he fraes in the uffer are lin5ed dynaically to thehe fraes in the uffer are lin5ed dynaically to the

destination port$destination port$

: Allows the pac5et to e receied on one port and thenAllows the pac5et to e receied on one port and then

transitted on another port. without oing it to atransitted on another port. without oing it to adifferent 6ueue$different 6ueue$


S


45/77

CCNA3-() Chapter 2-1

%ayer 2 Switching+%ayer 2 Switching+: Perfors switching and filtering asedPerfors switching and filtering ased only on the 0SIonly on the 0SI

'ata %in5 layer'ata %in5 layer >%ayer 2? &AC address$>%ayer 2? &AC address$

: Copletely transparent to networ5 protocols and userCopletely transparent to networ5 protocols and user

applications$applications$: Deeer that a %ayer 2 switch uilds a &AC addressDeeer that a %ayer 2 switch uilds a &AC address

tale that it uses to a5e forwarding decisions$tale that it uses to a5e forwarding decisions$

%ayer 2 and %ayer 3 Switching%ayer 2 and %ayer 3 Switching

Cisco CatalystCisco Catalyst

2=,# Series2=,# Series


2=,# Series2=,# Series

% 2 d % 3 S it hi


46/77

CCNA3-(, Chapter 2-1

%ayer 3 Switching+%ayer 3 Switching+: *unctions siilarly to a %ayer 2 switch ut instead of*unctions siilarly to a %ayer 2 switch ut instead of

using only the %ayer 2 &AC address a %ayer 3 switch canusing only the %ayer 2 &AC address a %ayer 3 switch can

also use IP address inforation$also use IP address inforation$

: A %ayer 3 switch can also learn which IP addresses areA %ayer 3 switch can also learn which IP addresses areassociated with its interfaces$associated with its interfaces$

: his allows the %ayer 3 switch to direct traffic throughouthis allows the %ayer 3 switch to direct traffic throughout

the networ5 ased on IP address inforation$the networ5 ased on IP address inforation$



3),# Series3),# Series


3),# Series3),# Series

S% 2 d % 3 S it hi


47/77


%ayer 3 Switching+%ayer 3 Switching+: %owe"er! &a#er ' switches do not completel# replace the%owe"er! &a#er ' switches do not completel# replace the

need for routers on a network.need for routers on a network.

: Douters perfor additional %ayer 3 serices that %ayerDouters perfor additional %ayer 3 serices that %ayer

3 switches are not capale of perforing$3 switches are not capale of perforing$


S i h C d C fi iS it h C t d C fi ti


48/77

CCNA3-(" Chapter 2-1


Switch &anageent ConfigurationSwitch &anageent Configuration

N i ti C d %i I t f & dN i ti C d %i I t f & d


49/77

CCNA3-(= Chapter 2-1

C%I itself is asically the sae as a router+C%I itself is asically the sae as a router+: Access odes with a password$Access odes with a password$

:


50/77

CCNA3-)# Chapter 2-1

Access %eels+Access %eels+: 8ser E;EC$8ser E;EC$

: Priileged E;EC$Priileged E;EC$

Naigating Coand-%ine Interface &odesNaigating Coand-%ine Interface &odes



51/77

CCNA3-)1 Chapter 2-1

Configuration &odes+Configuration &odes+: loal Configuration &ode$loal Configuration &ode$

: Interface Configuration &ode >and oreG$?Interface Configuration &ode >and oreG$?




52/77


8I-7ased Alternaties to the C%I+8I-7ased Alternaties to the C%I+: Cisco Networ5 Assistant$Cisco Networ5 Assistant$

: Configure and anage groups of switches orConfigure and anage groups of switches or

standalone switches$standalone switches$

: *ree fro*ree fro www$cisco$cowww$cisco$cowith a Cisco I' andwith a Cisco I' andPassword$Password$




53/77


8I-7ased Alternaties to the C%I+8I-7ased Alternaties to the C%I+: Cisco 9iew$Cisco 9iew$

: 'isplays a physical iew of the switch that you can'isplays a physical iew of the switch that you can

use to set configuration paraeters$use to set configuration paraeters$

: 9iew switch status and perforance inforation$9iew switch status and perforance inforation$: Purchased separately$Purchased separately$

: Can e a standalone application or part of a SipleCan e a standalone application or part of a Siple

Networ5 &anageent Protocol >SN&P? platfor$Networ5 &anageent Protocol >SN&P? platfor$


N i ti C d %i I t f & dNa igating Coand %ine Interface &odes


54/77

CCNA3-)( Chapter 2-1

8I-7ased Alternaties to the C%I+8I-7ased Alternaties to the C%I+: Cisco 'eice &anager$Cisco 'eice &anager$

: @e-ased software that is stored in the switch@e-ased software that is stored in the switch

eory$eory$

: Configure and anage switches$Configure and anage switches$: Access fro anywhere in your networ5 through a weAccess fro anywhere in your networ5 through a we

rowser$rowser$


N i ti C d %i I t f & dNaigating Coand %ine Interface &odes


55/77

CCNA3-)) Chapter 2-1

8I-7ased Alternaties to the C%I+8I-7ased Alternaties to the C%I+

: SN&P Networ5 &anageent$SN&P Networ5 &anageent$

: Hou can anage switches fro a SN&P-copatileHou can anage switches fro a SN&P-copatile

anageent station. such as


56/77

CCNA3-), Chapter 2-1

@ord ! Coand line synta/


57/77


Console Error &essages+Console Error &essages+

8sing the


58/77

CCNA3-)" Chapter 2-1

Switch loads the 7oot %oader progra$Switch loads the 7oot %oader progra$

: Sall progra stored in N9DA&$Sall progra stored in N9DA&$

: CP8 Initialiation$CP8 Initialiation$

: P0S$P0S$

: Initialies flash eory$Initialies flash eory$: %oads a default 0S iage into eory and oots the%oads a default 0S iage into eory and oots the

switch$switch$

: he 0S then initialies the interfaces using the Cisco I0She 0S then initialies the interfaces using the Cisco I0Scoands found in the operating syste configurationcoands found in the operating syste configuration

filefile config$te/tconfig$te/t. stored in the switch flash eory$. stored in the switch flash eory$

Switch 7oot Se6uenceSwitch 7oot Se6uence

Prepare to Configure the SwitchPrepare to Configure the Switch


59/77

CCNA3-)= Chapter 2-1

A PC connected to the console port$A PC connected to the console port$

A terinal eulator applicationA terinal eulator application>e$g$$ e$g$$


60/77

CCNA3-,# Chapter 2-1

0sere the 7oot Se6uence$0sere the 7oot Se6uence$

: @hen the switch is powered on. the P0S egins$@hen the switch is powered on. the P0S egins$

: 'uring P0S. the %E's lin5 while a series of tests'uring P0S. the %E's lin5 while a series of tests

deterine that the switch is functioning properly$deterine that the switch is functioning properly$

: Successful+Successful+ the SHS %E' rapidly lin5sthe SHS %E' rapidly lin5s greengreen$$: *ails+*ails+the SHS %E' turnsthe SHS %E' turnsaeraer$$




61/77

CCNA3-,1 Chapter 2-1

0sere the 7oot Se6uence$0sere the 7oot Se6uence$

: he Port Status %E's turnhe Port Status %E's turn aeraerfor aout 3# secondsfor aout 3# secondsas the switch discoers the networ5 topology andas the switch discoers the networ5 topology andsearches for loops$searches for loops$

: If the Port Status %E's turnIf the Port Status %E's turn greengreen. the switch has. the switch has

estalished a lin5 etween the port and a target. such asestalished a lin5 etween the port and a target. such asa coputer$a coputer$


7asic Switch Configuration7asic Switch Configuration


62/77


Key Configuration Se6uences+Key Configuration Se6uences+

: Switch &anageent Interface+Switch &anageent Interface+

: o anage a switch reotely using CP!IP. you needo anage a switch reotely using CP!IP. you need

to assign the switch an IP address$to assign the switch an IP address$

: An access layer switch is uch li5e a PC in that youAn access layer switch is uch li5e a PC in that youneed to configure anneed to configure an IP address. a sunet as5. andIP address. a sunet as5. and

a default gatewaya default gateway$$

: 'uple/ and Speed of actie interfaces+'uple/ and Speed of actie interfaces+

: 8sually the default ut can e odified$8sually the default ut can e odified$: Support for


63/77


Switch &anageent Interface+Switch &anageent Interface+




64/77

CCNA3-,( Chapter 2-1

Switch &anageent Interface+Switch &anageent Interface+

: Note that a %ayer 2 switch. such as the Cisco CatalystNote that a %ayer 2 switch. such as the Cisco Catalyst

2=,#. only perits a2=,#. only perits a single 9%AN interface to e actie atsingle 9%AN interface to e actie at

a tiea tie$$

:his eans that the %ayer 3 interfacehis eans that the %ayer 3 interface

>interface 9%AN ==?>interface 9%AN ==?

isis actieactie. ut the %ayer 3 interface. ut the %ayer 3 interface >interface 9%AN 1?>interface 9%AN 1?isis

not actienot actie$$




65/77

CCNA3-,) Chapter 2-1

Configure 'efault ateway+Configure 'efault ateway+

: Hou need to configure the switch so that it can forward IPHou need to configure the switch so that it can forward IP

pac5ets to distant networ5s$pac5ets to distant networ5s$

: Deeer. the switch isDeeer. the switch is treated li5e a hosttreated li5e a hostin this setup$in this setup$

: his is only used to forward switch anageent traffic$his is only used to forward switch anageent traffic$: It has nothing to do with any of the regular user dataIt has nothing to do with any of the regular user data

traffic$traffic$

: @hy does it hae to e forwarded@hy does it hae to e forwarded

: Hou can a5e a elnet or SS< connection to a switchHou can a5e a elnet or SS< connection to a switchfro another sunet to perfor aintenance orfro another sunet to perfor aintenance or

trouleshoot$trouleshoot$




66/77

CCNA3-,, Chapter 2-1

9erify Configuration+9erify Configuration+




67/77


Configure 'uple/ and Speed+Configure 'uple/ and Speed+

: Hou can use the duple/ interface configuration coandHou can use the duple/ interface configuration coand

to specify the duple/ ode of operation for switch ports$to specify the duple/ ode of operation for switch ports$

: Hou canHou cananually setanually setthe duple/ ode and speed ofthe duple/ ode and speed of

switch ports toswitch ports to

aoid inter-endor issuesaoid inter-endor issues

withwith

autonegotiation$autonegotiation$




68/77

CCNA3-," Chapter 2-1

Configure


69/77

CCNA3-,= Chapter 2-1

&AC Address ale &anageent+&AC Address ale &anageent+

: Switches use &AC address tales to deterine how toSwitches use &AC address tales to deterine how to

forward traffic etween ports$forward traffic etween ports$

: hese &AC tales includehese &AC tales include dynaic and staticdynaic and staticaddresses$addresses$




70/77


'ynaic &AC Addresses+'ynaic &AC Addresses+

: he switch proideshe switch proides dynaic addressingdynaic addressingy learning they learning the

source &AC address of each frae that it receies onsource &AC address of each frae that it receies on

each port$each port$

: It thenIt then adds the source &AC addressadds the source &AC addressand its associatedand its associated

port nuer to the &AC address tale$port nuer to the &AC address tale$

: AsAs deices are added or reoeddeices are added or reoedfro the networ5. thefro the networ5. the

switch updates the &AC address tale$switch updates the &AC address tale$

:It adds new entries and ages out those that areIt adds new entries and ages out those that arecurrently not in use$currently not in use$




71/77


Static &AC Addresses+Static &AC Addresses+

: A networ5 adinistrator can specifically assign staticA networ5 adinistrator can specifically assign static

&AC addresses to certain ports$&AC addresses to certain ports$

: Static addresses are not aged outStatic addresses are not aged out$$

: he switch always 5nows which port to send out traffiche switch always 5nows which port to send out trafficdestined for that specific &AC address$destined for that specific &AC address$

: o create a static apping in the &AC address tale. useo create a static apping in the &AC address tale. use

the coand+the coand+

ac-address-taleac-address-talestaticstatic&AC addressJ&AC addressJ lanlan1-(#=,. A%%L1-(#=,. A%%L

interfaceinterfaceinterface-idinterface-id

: o reoe it. use theo reoe it. use the MnoMnofor of the coand$for of the coand$


9erifying Switch Configuration9erifying Switch Configuration


72/77


8sing the8sing the showshowcoands+coands+

9erifying Switch Configuration9erifying Switch Configuration

7asic Switch &anageent7asic Switch &anageent


73/77


7ac5ing up and Destoring Switch Configuration *iles+7ac5ing up and Destoring Switch Configuration *iles+

: 7ac5up to the flash drie$7ac5up to the flash drie$




74/77



: Destore fro the flash drie$Destore fro the flash drie$




75/77



: 7ac5up to a *P serer$7ac5up to a *P serer$

: &a5e sure that the *P serer is running$&a5e sure that the *P serer is running$

: %ogin to the switch$%ogin to the switch$

: 8pload the configuration to the *P serer$8pload the configuration to the *P serer$

S1OcopyS1Ocopysyste+running-configsyste+running-configtftp+!!142$1,$2$1))!S1Dconfig$t/ttftp+!!142$1,$2$1))!S1Dconfig$t/t


orG$orG$S1Ocopy run tftpS1Ocopy run tftporG$orG$S1Ocopy run tftpS1Ocopy run tftp



76/77



: Destore fro a *P serer$Destore fro a *P serer$

: &a5e sure that the *P serer is running$&a5e sure that the *P serer is running$

: %ogin to the switch$%ogin to the switch$

: download the configuration to the *P serer$download the configuration to the *P serer$

S1OcopyS1Ocopytftp+!!142$1,$2$1))!S1Dconfig$t/ttftp+!!142$1,$2$1))!S1Dconfig$t/tsyste+running-configsyste+running-config

S1OcopyS1Ocopy running-config startup-configrunning-config startup-config

S1OreloadS1Oreload


orG$orG$S1Ocopy tftp runS1Ocopy tftp run

S1Ocopy runS1Ocopy run

startstart

S1OreloadS1Oreload

orG$orG$S1Ocopy tftp runS1Ocopy tftp run

S1Ocopy runS1Ocopy run

startstart

S1OreloadS1Oreload



77/77


: Clearing configuration files$Clearing configuration files$

: 'eleting files fro the flash drie$'eleting files fro the flash drie$

: deletedeleteflash+filenaeflash+filenae


Documents

Expl Sw Chapter 02 Switches Part I, Expl Sw Chapter 02 Switches Part I